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Leader (1850-1860), 3rd March 1860, Edition 1 of 2, Page 207, CUIUOSITIKS OF CAMBRIDGE.

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    • CUIUOSITIKS OF CAMBRIDGE.
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      Untitled Article

      rp-HE admirers of the " good old times , " of the " wisdom of . ouv i- ancestors , " and every class of the " laudator . es temporis acti—" together with certain civic metropolitan Riiadama : ntiii and the hand Ot ° " nasty particulars , " at the head of which , according- to IWr . Roejjucic , stands Lord Joirisr Manners , with his stall ' of eighty-three of the delicatoruin f / enus of the members of the llouso of Commons , who voted for closing the doors of the Divorce Court against the public . ancl tho press—should visit the town of Cambridge .. In this venerable emporium of mathematical science , and butter retailed by the yard , they can condole-with kindred spirits on tlio degeneracy of modem times , and refresh their ; , memories with respect to the past , by Contemplating ' the actual but isolated existence of tho fraction of despotism in tho discipline and method of administering

      of what is there termed justice . This advice is given in tho hope , thouglj certainly not in the expectation , tlxut when they see fiow things are administered by the cloistered sages of modern monuuhism , they will be more inclined to accept the practices of the present day , and 1 confess them to bu an improvement on tho past . A suitable example lias just ^ occurred . A party of younf ? men or studonts , ultfta 2 ) upillar \ r ( iw it in culled ) , as appears from letters addressed to and published iii tlio columns of ft contemporary , " were going , in an innocent way in an omnibus , to spond the evening at n village near Cambridge , when tho proctors Hcfssud the vehicle , took the female passengers by forou to tho Spinning House , ' and without form of trial , Inwr , or ^ nation , sonfnm . flfl t . hnm ' tn huvoh . and in some cases to fourteen days punishment

      in that University prison , which U kept solely for the reception of loose females . " ' " None of theso females , " say the ( Correspondents , " were what iu termed ' unfortunate . ' " Now , bu it known that all cases of this Bort , when brought before the Vico-CJlmncollwr yr hit * deputy , are decided with doors hermetically sealed ; the witnusaos , uro iiIho the prosecutors , viz ., the proctors and their assititimtH , very appropriately called '«• bulldogH . " Thuy are the strongest and most quiolcfootod Hutollitos that money can procure lo do dirty work , an « «« on their physical forco in capturing dolinqiiontii ; nnd on tlioir moral intrepidity nnd success ua witnessos in convicting tiiow , tluii tnon cm- ' plpymexit depends . So much for olosod-door trials and judgments .

      Untitled Article

      became weakened in consequence of the appanages which the new Ttingi Amadetjs IV ., was compelled to assign to his brothers , Aimone , PiETEQ , Filippo , and TiipiiAs ., Piedmont was eon-• ceded to Thomas , who added to it Turin , Ivrea , Canavese , and other territories / After various engagements and different turns of fortune , Turin finally remained subject to the prmces of Savoy until 1262 . when it submitted to Charms of Aiypu , "Count of Provence and King of Sicily , out of whose hands Thoma ^ III . orSavoy took it , in 1230 , when it returned , with tha rest of Piedmont ^ to the dominion of the reigning line . The privileges which lurm obtained from Thomas III , from AmabextsYI ., from I . TTDOyico ^ nd other princes , and which it retained to a great extent until 1 S 48 , secured to it , if not political influence , at least an independent administration . Under Amadecs VI ., who began to reign in the middle of . the fourteenth century , the Savoyard policy became more decidedly Italian than before . By a change of territory this prince had regulated his confines on tho west and north , and , finding that no further increase could be gained in those directions , he turned his eyes towards the Peninsula . It was during his glorious reign that the King of France , under colour of the homage rendered to him by the Marquis of Saluzzo , raised his flag- upon the castles throughout that little State ; thus earning an entrance and an opportunity to interfere in the direction of Italy . AjiABEtrs struggled against his powerful and ambitious rival , with whose successor his own had _ continual quarrels , but , over whom they at length triumphed in Italy . The leas-ue ot the Italian communes to resist the forces of Barbarossa exhibits Savoy as a principality predominating over the barons , the friend of popular liberty , and , consequently , a power loved and invoked by the people .: From Thostas I . to Amadeus VII . Savoy distino-uisWd itself , in an eminently clmalric age ,. by the gallantry and daring of its princes . In 1388 this power obtained a footing upon the sea by the voluntary surrender of Nice to its rule . The next century was one of absolute monarchy , and saw the completion of the great monarchical work of unification , and nationality . The barons became transformed-. into courtiers , were insatiable in their thirst for riches and honour , and frequently emptied the public treasury .. : ¦ ' ¦• - ¦ ¦ Amadeus VIII . was a great man in every sense , of the word , and Locame Pope , under the title of Felix V ., in 1440 , This prince adopted the glorious device , Servire Deo , regnare est . A series of . unhappy and unfortunate reigns followed , during which French influence preponderated . In 1521 Chakxes III . married Beatrice , the daughter of the Portuguese king- / Emmanuel the Great , and sister of" the wife of the Emperor Chart . es V . The sovereign of . Savoy received from , his imperial -. brother-in-law the county of Asti iind the marquisate of Ivrea . This acquisition of territory was eilmost the sole good fortune attending Charles III . He had evils of every kind to contend with . The agitation connected with the llefonnation was now at its height . The country was impoverished cmd desolated by the constant passage of the Swiss , French , and Imperial troops , while it was compelled to remain neutral from want of men and money . Domestic disquietudes , famine , find pestilence devastated it . Charles ' s territories were taken from him bv the French , so that at his death , in 1553 , he retained only Nice , Cuneo , Vercelli , and Aosta . It may almost he said that the monarchy of Savoy now no longer existed . Beyond the Alps it was occupied by the Swiss and the French ; south of the Alps by the French and Imperialists . The manners of the people . had become corrupt , the clergy were ignorant and depraved , and the country was reduced to the lowest extremity , when a champion rushed to the rescue of Piedmont . Charles III . left an only son , JEmmanttei , Philibert , who had for many years fought in the service of his uncle Charles V ., amd thus acquired great fame . IJeing unable to make war against France on liis own behalf and with his . own arms , he headed tho Imperial forces in Flanders and Picardy . After a series of fortunate engagements , at the buttle of Saint Quintin , in 1557 , lie struck such a blow at the power of France that he obliged that country to , make peace with Spain , and caused to be inserted in the conditions of peace of Cambray , 1559 , that his states should be restored ,, to him . His illustrious successor , Charles Emmanitkl I ., who is well said to have adorned and disturbed two centuries ( 1580—1030 ) did his best to carry on-liia improvements . He completed the re-establishment of the national spirit , aroused , flattered , and oxcited tho passion for national independence , and completely identified the interests of his monarchy with thosp of Italy . He was the idol of tho Italians , and his name and person wore popular from the Alps to the Sicilian Boa , although no prince was ever obliged to impose more grievous burdens upon his subjects . Though successful during a great part < pf his reign , he was overcome in 1629 , and at his death had lost Savoy and a great part of Piedmont to JYarico . A fresh period of French preponderance began under Richelieu , continued by Louis XIV ., from which tho tw ' o regents , Maria Christina , of Franco , widow of Victor Amadeus I ., nnd Maria Giqvanna , widow of CiiAnLEB Aljuekt II ., wero unable to freo themselves , though both jealously watched over tho independence of Mio State nnd tho dignity of the Crown . The period which now nfycceeded may bo ca ) led tho period of reforms , economical , logialavivo , monarchical , nnd military , and involved ft reactionnl movoment against the temporal power of the Church . In the course of ono hundred nnd seventy years the mintl nnd will of five sovereigns <»/ footed mighty changes , ' The State was rich in arms and soldiers , defended by good fortresses , nnd had preUt authority in Italy . Ita dependence xipon Franco , which bad lasted from 1080 , was felt to bo onerous nnd in tolerable to the last dogroo in tho onrly part of tlie reign of Victor AatAD ^ vs II . The prido and ambition of

      Xibcis XIV . kept Europe in continual disquietude and suspense , and in 1 GSG 'Spain ,. Bavaria , Sweden , and Holland united to form the powerful Augsburg League against him . . The Duke of Savoy accepted-tlie . alliance of these con federates , and , having secretly concluded a league with the Emperor at Venice , June 4 , 1690 , declared war against France . After years of struggle and hardships he had the satisfaction of regaining' inueh lost territory ,, of again rendering his State independent , and winning- a standing among the allies as a power whose aid and influence wore not to be . despised-. In 1713 he ceded the valleys of Barcelonett . a , situated beyond the Alps , received in exchange the valleys of Oulx , and had the merit of leavingto France not a single foot of soil in Ital y ^ nor any easy passage for-invading- the ' peninsula in future . ¦ Amadeus II ., who ' followed Charles , ESimanuel I ., after an . i-ut . civ val ' of forty-five years , like liim , reigned for half-n-century . This was a most brilliant period in the history of Savoy . The regeneration begun by Emmanuel Philibert , continued by Charlks Emmaxcel-I ., and interrupted during the reigns of three minors and two regencies , was rapidly carried forward by Amadeus . His health g-i vintf way , lie abd icat ed ., in favour of his son , Ciiaki . es EmjusuelI 11 ., in 1773 . The Frei-sch again -invjided Nice and took Ventiiniglia . They also descended from Mont CV-nis and attached the stronghold of Assietta , hut were ultimately-driven back and obliged to recrdss tlic Alps . In the long and glorious peace which followed , Charles Ejimaxubl exhibited masterly powers of ¦ government . At his death , in 1773 , he was succeeded by his sou , Victor Amadeus III ., whose misfortune- if was to reign at the troublous period of the French Revolution . The next may be characterized as the era of revolutions . The monarchy of Savoy was destroyed in 180 . 0 , ¦ and . incorporated with France in-lSQ 2 .. Its title and authority however remained inviolate , preserved in the semi-African'but- faithful island ' of-Sardinia . Restored in 181-1-, Vi ctpii Emmanuel I ., unwisely sought to ignore the progress made under Napolkox , nnd to replace- every thing as it liadbecn left by Charles ¦ E . mmanuex IV . This caused : discontent . The revolution of 1821 was the consequence , although Victor-Emmanuel had then for some- " time , sought to cany out useful measures of reform . He abdicated , and his successor , * Cbaulks Felix , was satisfied to limit himself to reforminir the grossest abus'es-f Not so , however , Charles Albert , who began to reign in . 1831 , and was in principle a thoroughly constitutional Icing-. His ruling passion was tlie love of . > national ; independence . Taking his stand . upon a passage in I ) euteror » omy , he would allow fhat npiie but a national sovereign could be " a legitimate sovereign . TJiis Icinginitiated that system of enlightened-progress and freedom of discussion which lias-proved so distasteful to the Conservative sovereigns of Europe . The French revolution of 1848 interrupted the calm and peaceful development " of free institutions in Jgayoy and . Piedmonr . To avoid being swept away or merged into a republic , Rome , Naples , and . Tuscany gave-constitutions ' to their people and perjured themselves . Ctiarlks Albert , with . the loyalty of ' a king and the affection of a father , gave and . observed-a constitution which Ins brave son , who replaced him in 18 . , baa honoumbly maintained , in faee of dangers and .-difficulties of every kind . He has proved , himself the worthy scion of a noble stock . In taking the lead in the national ' movement now proceeding in Italy Victor Emmanuel is only act in" in accordance with the traditions am ) policy of his race .

      Untitled Article

      March 3 , I 860 . ] The Leader arid ' SaliirdayAiialyst . 207

      Cuiuositiks Of Cambridge.

      CriUOSITIKS OF CAiNtBlUlVGE .

  • Citation
    • Leader (1850-1860), March 3, 1860, page 207, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse.ac.uk/periodicals/l/issues/vm2-ncseproduct2336/page/11/