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EASTERN AFRICA.f
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and this , let us remember , was proved " against the absolute power of imprisonment , without even a hearing , for time unlimited in any ¦ SSffSe kingdom , without the use of pen , ink , and paper , and Sout any communication with any soul but the keeper . " Against such a power pen and pencil strove and was victorious ; pen with its parody , pencil with its caricature . ruIn After " The House that -Jack Built / ' * the tide of , these little hrochures greatly increased . The safety which the boldness of the juries had liven the originators prepared the ^ ay for , and greed - iess of gain , acting as usual upon publishers , created hosts of imitators . George the Fourth was everywhere exposed , and good ( fueen Caroline vindicated . It says much for the healthmess inherent in these pictures , that we always find them on the « de ° f the poor or the oppressed . In the frontispiece of the Queen that Jack found , " we see Britannia and Wisdom shielding Innocence . In grand allegory , and certainly in reality , we always find caricature feady to " draw" and defend what it believes to be innocent It is useless here to raise the question of that injudicious woman s innocence or guilt ; it is enough to know that her defendersL jnoogjJ the people believed her good . Curious , too , it is that Shakspeare and Cowper do service under these cuts in magnanimous quotations , and justify or damnify , as the case may be—* _ " disloyal ? No : She ' s punished for her truth ; yet bears it all , „ More goddess-like than wife-like . So speaks " immortal William" from his grave , shielding a woman ; an __ . " I could endure Chains nowhere patiently ; and chains at home , Where I am free by birthright , not at all , cries out the placid Cowper . This is all ^ . P ^ ^^ ^ when Freedom appeals to her old prophets ; it is well when the men of action call up their deeds by appealing to the men of . thought . ( To be continued . )
AT the present moment , there is no part of the globe not been brought under the subjection of the Japhetic races bv the arts of peace and civilization , that excites inorji interest in the breast of the philanthropist and the-philosopher than the benighted continent of Africa , whose nations are indeed " meted out and trodden down . " With the . revolt of the Sepoys in India still fresh in our memories and the vapid threats of the French colonels scarcely drowned by the chorus of rifle-bugles - sounding the rouse from the Land ' s , end to the Land-o-Cakes Englishmen may well look upon the p ^ agrap k which , we extract IVom a contemporary with something like ^ W'On ^ rnot . mth . . alarm and seek to make themselves acquainted with the more Covert reasons of France for sending at such a moment a mission in On th Monday 0 hist a correspondent of the Times , writing from Aden , under date of the 18 th of April , says : — " By advices just received , I understand that a French steamboat , —la den ^ itr t he requisi teirfo ^ La Reunion , and a steam frigate was expected to join her in a tew days . The destination of these two vessels is avowed to beAdulis , on the coast of Abessinia , though there can be htt e _ doubt that the island of Dissee will be the first point in the Red Sea occupied by our allies . It will be interesting to note th , e reasons which will be advanced for this new move on the part of France in this region As a counterpart of what is going forward on the _ other side of the water , the tableau will in all probability represent Dissee and Adu is ao the slopes of the Alps ; the rebel DejaiNagoosrwiU stand in the place of Victor Emmanuel , and the acquiescence of forty families of poor fishermen , who at present occupy theisland of Dissee , will answer well enough for the votes of Nice and Savoy . , Another paragraph , some few days older , gave the first alarm , and , we add it accordingly : — , ' ; ,.. , ... . '' The persevering efforts of the French to establish their influence in the Red Sea , " says the writer "is a subject of anxiety to the most forecasting minds in India . Egypt swarms with FrenchrnenTevery branch * of the Administration is full of them ; , and the Pacha , it is said , has yielded himself up wholly to French influence . A French squadron is talked of for Jeddah or Sonakm . A line of transport steamers for the Red Sea has long been building , and will be supported by heavy Government contributions . France has obtained a pretended ' cession' of territory , embracing Annesley Bay , otherwise called the Bay of Adulis ; and the Bombay Gazette reports , obviously on sufficient authority , that a French mission is on its way to Gondar to demand the independence of the defeated rebel , who bestowed on France that which was never his own . JMie mission , which is led by the Comte de Rous , is already in the Tigre " country , and the slightest outrage would be sufficient excuse Jor active measures to seoure the predominance of French influence , _ " It was the opinion of the ancients / ' says Dr . Kiapf , that the coast of Africa was connected with that « f India . , Erroneous as this was * there is certainly a great politioal truth involved w the supposition , inasmuch as the possessors t . f East Africa ; will have earned n first step towards the dominion of India . Any further knowledge , therefore , obtained respecting East Africa , cannot fail to + ^ S ! o ? S . Researches , and Missionary labours durino an Muhtem WarlFT&lideiico in Eastern Africa . By the Rev . Dr . J . Lewis Kiupf . Trlibncr and Op . ,
interest Englishmen / as it may be that the fate of India itself will some day have to be decided in the burning solitudes of Africa , n » less thaninthe rich plains of Asia . Nc , * rue ^^ shma ^^ S forth be an indifferent spectator of what is passing upon ^ . Eastern coast of Africa , from the Isthmus of Suez to the Cape of Good H It would be quite preposterous to urg * that there is no teal political danger to be apprehended from the possession ^ f these regions , because East Africa presents for the most part nothing but a barren , harbourless , and savage coast , not to be invaded ™ &jradence by any Government of Europe . It is true that Africa wears ; onfall her coasts a forbidding aspect , fProvidence having taxied hef weak nations with this repulsive feature as the only ™ go ^ of Btren ^ th which they can oppose to the dominant Japhetic and Semitic ms Bu / we may be sure that no coast-barrier will prevent the former from possessing the inland regions , m many places not inferior in fertility , beauty , and healthiness , to any country on tb ^ sll ^ , ^ ice the day s of Pau l and . Barnaba ^ have been the pioneers of civilization . England herself P «* jjjy ° J ™ s the . introduction of Christianity to the disciples of one of these Apostles to the Gentiles , if not to St . Paul or St . Barnabas ' himself , and Christianity is civilization . Standing by the ruined Roman Pharos of Dover Castle , the most venerable of British Churches carries ^ us back to the days of the first Christian king ; for ^ cms k mg of Britain , built the church now undergoing restoration , of which that Pharos is the tower , somewhere about the middle of the second century , before any other of the potentates of the earth had embraced Christianity . That Pharos , one of the most interesting monuments in the land , is older than the Church , . for the . very materials of which it is built point to the wise administration ot Julius Agricola as the date of its erection , as the large stalactical incrustations must have been brought from more northern parts ot the coast ; and it was not till his circumnavigation of tha ^ island , about the year 90 , that these parts were explored ^ by the Romans . The Pharos is the monument of Roman and Pagan civilization , which passed away with the advent of Hengist and _ Horsa ; the Church is the record of Christian civilization , which , though driven into the mountain fastnesses of the westi and to the seaboard of the south , st ill survived , only to return after the conversion of its truculent adversaries by St . Augustine , and to burst forth again m -fuller vigour at the date of the Reformation . ' A missionary iii our day is moreover the pioneer of geographical science and of ethnology . He makes iis acquainted with the land in which he labours , no less than with the heathen races which he claims as the heritage of his Master . He notes down-the courses of rivers , the altitudes of mountains , the natural productions of the soil , no less than the distinctions of race and language , and the manners and Customs of the people . Like Pausanias of old , hetells us what he saw and what he heard , turns a sod where sod has never been turned before , finds coal and iron , or the more precious metals and notes down snow upon mountains where theorist ^ say i t cannot exist , and lakes and boundless waters where maps have hitherto figured endless ranges of mountains and impassable b * x ~ --i ^ he ~ east > coas ^ f ~ A-frica ^ how ^ rer ^^ fog wav into a land overflowing with milk and honey—produces , with but little toil , the richest cereal crops—has poultry , eggs , and cattle ia abundance , and brings forth coffee , sugar , grapes , and tropical fruits for the gathering . If not over _ rich in ^ e . more precious metals , it has still the Ophir of the Bible , and Dr . KrapF seeks to prove most satisfactorily , " That the Ophir of the Bible is to be sought for on the eastern coast of Africa , as ^ is evident from two circumstances . One is , that right opposite to Arabia Felix there is a people who call themselves Afer ,. and ^ called by others Adals and Ainakil from their chief tribe Ad Alii , but whose designation in their own language is Afer . In the second place , it must be considered that Ophir beyond a doubt means gold-dust ; for , m Job xxviii . 6 , the words dust of gold in Hebrew are Ophirot Sahab . Hence , by easy transition , the word Ophir was made to comprise two things , the name of a people and of a substance ; and the Land of the Afer was simply the land where Afer Sahab , gold-dust , was ° Thus , too , Mr . M'Leod , in his Travels in Eastern Africa , identifies , upon no legs probable grounds , the Sofala district with the Ophir of Scripture . On both banks of the Sofala , and northwards towards the Zambesi , gold and silver and copper are found , and gold is so plentiful that the natives prefer copper for their personal ornaments ; whilst , towards Tete , iron and coal are found m abundance . Bars of copper and suit are conveyed from the . territories of the Cuzembe , midway between the eastern and western coasts ; and the nativo iron , as Dr . Krapf informs us , is esteemed at Moinbaz equal to that of Sweden imported by way of Suez , Coal , the use of whioh is still unknown to most of the natives , is found in many places , and wood suited for every purpose , from ebony and teak to acacia and the copal tree , abounds ; for the deserts of the maps , says Mr . Rebinann , are , properly speaking , wildernesses—; land , productive and fitted for oulture , given up to beasts of prey , full or luxuriant timber and undergrowth , but producing at present for the wants of the' natives little beyond the ivory and peltry which they convey to the coast , and copal , Oil , and gum . Mr . Erhardt devotes a paper to the resources and products of Wanika-land , the present seat of the Church mission , opposite to the island of Mombaz , and the . list , beyond what we have already mentioned , includes bamba , cotton , and sufu , all growing wild ; and he adds , " Wool and cotton are two articles which ure in constant demand in England , and which , if cuKk
Untitled Article
448 The Leader and Saturday Analyst . IMat 12 , 1360 ,
Eastern Africa.F
EASTERN AFRICA . f
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Citation
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Leader (1850-1860), May 12, 1860, page 448, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse.ac.uk/periodicals/l/issues/vm2-ncseproduct2347/page/12/
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