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    style . He puts most of the questions of that excited day ; but he strives to answer them according to the established faith , and by organizing its authorities into the fashionable order . His « ' Sentences " a work so popular in the middle ages , as to be every

    where studied , and incessantly commented upon , is an attempt to rein the increasing volatility and pugnaciousness of the improving mind , and to keep it within the Catholic faith ,

    by giving that faith a logical dress , and by connecting it with the researches then so much appreciated . Hence he ventures to discuss points so little knowable , and so little serviceable in human affairs , as—when

    the angels were made , and how ; whether they be all equal in essence , wisdom , and free will ; whether they were created perfect and happy , or the reverse—whether the daemons differ in rank among themselves ; whether they all live in hell , or some

    are out of it—whether the good angels can sin , or the bad act virtuously ; whether they have bodies , and whether every person has or has not a g-ood angel to preserve him , and a bad one to destroy him . At these pompous weaknesses of human perversity , we may smile , and think Don

    1 Sententiarum , libri iv . It is meaat to contain the summa universsc theologiae . He says , in his Prologus , that unable to resist the wishes of studiosorum patrum , he was desirous to fortify the faith against errors of carnaliurn atque animalium hominmn and that in his four books he has displayed the fraudulentiam of the viper doctrine . Yet this vehemence did not

    secure -him from a charge of heresy in his own writing's . His prologue attempts rhetoric . He had not the clear and exact bead of the English schoolmen . 2 His first book is on the Deity and tlie

    Trinity ; the second , on angels , creation , the devil , and free will ; the third , on our Saviour ' s incarnation and passion , sin , knowledge , and the Christian virtues j the fourth , on the Catholic -9 &cr 3 mei | tSt 3 intent . 1 . 2 .

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    Quixote as reasonable in his kni ght errant career , as the schoolmen ia fem bating on these untangible questions . But a more repulsive and disgusting feeling" arises in our minds , when we find Peter Lombard presuming , because compelled by the delirium of

    the age , to debate—whether the knowledge of the Deity can be increased , diminished , or altered ; whether he can know more than he knows ; whether he can make any thing better than he has made it > whether he knows all things , always , and together ; whether he can always do all

    that he has the power to do ; and where he was before creation appeared . Disquisitions like these , on 'which the proudest intellect can know nothing , could have no other tendency than to destroy all veneration for the Mighty Being whom they presumed to canvass ; and to make the roost stupendous and awful object of human thought , as indecorously familiar as the common themes of schoolboy exercises or a wrangler ' s altercations . The delusion went on till we had , mostly on the side of the churcli , besides the Venerable DoGtor already mentioned ,

    The irrefragable Doctor . . . Alexander Hales . . . fl . 1930 The angelical Doctor ..... Thomas Aquinas 1256 The seraphic Doctor Bonaventura . 1260 The wonderful Doctor . . , . Roger Bacon 1240 The most profound Doctor . - ^ Eg idius de Columna ... 1280 The most subtle Doctor .... John Duns Scotus .... 1304 The most resolute Doctor . . Durand 1300 The invincible Doctor .... W . Occliam 1320

    '4 lhl 1 5 He became ' a Franciscan . He studied at Paris ; and died there 1245 . Tanner , Bib . p . 371 , who enumerates his works . He was the master of Duns Scotus . He wrote on the Sententiarum Liber of Lombard . G Born in the village Duns , eigbt miU » out of England , lie also wrote on the Sentences , and on Aristotle ' s works . "J wej ^ t from Oxford to Paris and engagj ? in-Afche controversies there itated .

    ag was a Franciscan , and the master of cliam . He died 1308 , Cologne . Ian ' ner , Bib . 239 . He started a new op"" * on grace , ag-ainst Thomas Aquinas , * long divided the schoolmen . ^ t 7 Born in Surrey , a Franciscan . ^ supported the noimnftl sect . He 1347 . Hw cutmna totiua logicae was pn *

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    204 History of the Scholastic Philosophy .

• Citation
  • Monthly Repository (1806-1838) and Unitarian Chronicle (1832-1833), April 2, 1815, page 204, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse.ac.uk/periodicals/mruc/issues/vm2-ncseproduct1759/page/4/