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Note: This text has been automatically extracted via Optical Character Recognition (OCR) software. The text has not been manually corrected and should not be relied on to be an accurate representation of the item.
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nature when the muscles cease to act . Seven of these are called true ribs , having their cartilages separately inserted into the breast-bone ; the other five , wliGse cartilages do not reach that bone , but run into each other , and are united by a common cartilage , are named false ribs .
The sternum or breast-boite is commonly composed of three bones , joined together by cartilages : it has the ends of the ribs and collar bones articulated with it , by which the cavity of the chest is completed , as far as the bones are concerned . This
bone , the ribs , and indeed all the chest stand so much exposed , that did we not guard them with our hands fractures would be frequent j but from serious inj uries in these parts frequently the most alarming consequences ensue . The reciprocal enlargement and contraction of 1 he chest to allow for the
play of the lungs , depends upon a simple yet beautiful mechanical contrivance , which is thus explained : —The ribs are articulated to the back-bone , or rather to its side projections , ohliquely , that is , they bend or slope from the place of articulation
downwards . But the base upon which they rest at this end being fixed , the consequence of the obliquity , or the inclination downwards , is , that when they come to move , whatever pulls the ribs upwards , necessarily at the same time , draws them out ; and that while the
ribs are brought to a right angle with the spine behind , the sternum is thrust forward . * ' The simple action , therefore , of the elevating muscles does the business j whereas , if the ribs had been articulated with the bodies of the
vertebrae at right angles , tlie cavity of the thorax could never have been further enlarged by a change of their position . If each rib had been a rigid bone articulated ut both ends to fixed ba . scs , the wliole chest would have been
imnioveuble . " It has been shewn by Dr . Keil , that the breast-bone in an easy inspiration is thrust out one-tenth of mi inch , and he calculates that this , in addition to what is gained to ' the space within the chest by the
flattening of the diaphragm , leaves room for forty-two cubical inches of air to enter at every drawing in of the breath . When there is a necessity for a deeper and more laborious inspiration , the capacity of the chest may be so increased by the effort , as that the Jungs
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may be distended with from seventy t one hundred cubical inches of air . The thorax forms a kind of bellows , such as nev er has been , and such as probably ; never will be , made by ajjy artificer .
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4 Q ( 3 Popes Imitations . —Protestant Association .
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Sir , Ancj . 8 , 1815 . HAVE a first volume of Wake-I field ' s Pope , in which at p . 33 ( 3 , a former possessor has left the following remarks : ' * " The Honourable Thomas Erskine being taken ill suddenly , when dinin "
atLadyCharlottePayne ' s , was entreated by her ladyship to retire into the next room to lie down on a sopha . In a few minutes , however , Mr . Erskine returned , apparently fecovered , with the following lines which he had written extempore with his pencil ,
Though ill , my dear mad am , I cannot com - plain ; He never knew pleasure , who never knew Payne . " Qu . Whether the wit did not take the idea from the third verse in this
song , which is here ascribed to Mr . Pope . " The song is on 6 of two pieces published and ascribed to Pope in the Annual Register , Vol . 12 . The third stanza is as follows : —
Alas ! by some degree of woe , We evVy bliss jnust gain : That heart can ne ' er a transport knovr , That never felt a pain . Charron in his third book of Wisdom
[ eh . 22 . ) had long before described it as the purpose of Nature , to render grief subservient to ease and pleasure . il semble que Nature nous ait prete Id doulenr , pour VJkonneur et service tie h voluptt et de Vindolence .
Pope had probably read Charron , from whom he appears to have translated that line in his Essay : The proper study of mankind is Man , for the ii rst para graph of the fi rst book De la Sagesse , closes with this remark , le vrai etude de Vhomme cest
Vhomme-I am not aware that this close resemblance has been noticed by any who have employed themselves to trace Pope through his numerous imitations . OTIOSU S .
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San , Bromley , Aug . 8 , 181 $ - AN observation by Mr . Fox , i » »» extract from one of his n ****
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Citation
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Monthly Repository (1806-1838) and Unitarian Chronicle (1832-1833), Aug. 2, 1815, page 496, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse.ac.uk/periodicals/mruc/issues/vm2-ncseproduct1763/page/32/
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