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    ments have yet been brought to light * About the year 2080 before Christ , a people distinguishable from the inhabitants of Egypt or the adjacent countries by their red hair and blue eyes , which seem to connect them with the tribes of the North , possessed themselves of the valley of the Nile , and established a sovereignty under one of their chiefs named Salatis . Under him and his successors they carried on a cruel war against the native

    population with the hope of entirely destroying it , imprisoned the magistrates , burnt the cities , and laid the temples in ruins ; and having massacred all whom they could of the men capable of bearing arms , reduced the women and children to slavery . To the ravages of the shepherds M . Champollion ( Lettre II . a M . le due de Blacas , p . 8 ) attributes the almost entire

    destruction of all the monuments of the preceding dynasties of Manetho . The native race of kings , however , was not extinct ; in a distant part of Egypt and in Nubia they still retained a precarious power , and at length succeeded in raising an insurrection against them . Misphrathoutmosis drove them from the rest of the country , and obliged them to confine themselves in the fortress of Avaris , on the frontiers of Arabia , constructed by their first kingv

    Salatis ; and Thoutmosis finally compelled them to evacuate this place , and delivered his country from them for ever . The events of this war are recorded in the great historical basreliefs , of which Belzoni and the French commission have given plates . No wonder that " every shepherd should be an abomination to the Egyptians . " " The priests , " says M . Champollion , ( Lettre II . p . 142 , ) " neglected no means of keeping up in the minds of the Egyptians a profound horror for the Hykshos ; they covered the public monuments with the scene of their defeat and destruction ; and this patriotic

    sentiment , consecrated by religion , had penetrated the minds of all the castes . They even trampled under foot the memory of these barbarians ; the shoes of the living and the dead which have been collected in Egypty have on their outer soles the figure of a Hykshds on his knees and loaded with chains . " With such recollections and feelings , can we wonder at the alarm which they afterwards felt at the increase of the Israelites in Goshen , at the means which they took to make them abandon their nomadic habits , and convert them into servile labourers , or even at the inhuman methods

    to which they had recourse to check their growing population ? As the kings of Egypt are mentioned only by the title of Pharaoh in Qenesis and Exodus , it is . impossible to say with certainty in whose reign either the going down of the Israelites into Egypt or their departure took place . According to the common chronology , however , the Exodus which occurred 1492 B . C . must fall in the reign of Rameses V . or Amenophis-Rameses , the last of the eighteenth dynasty , and immediate predecessor of Sesostris . From this the eroiner down into Esrvot will of course be differently

    calculated , according as the 400 or 430 years ( Gen . xv . 13 , Exod . xii . 40 , Acts viu 6 ) are reckoned from the commencement of the bondage of the Israelites , or from the promise to . Abraham . The martyr Stephen , following the Hebrew , the expression of which is not at all obscure , makes the " evil entreatnient" of the people to , have lasted 400 years ; which added to the " sojourning" of those whov tiad been born in Canaan , and in whose life-time they were kindly treated , agrees not only with the Hebrew but even with the reading of the Samaritan * in Exod xii , 40 , while

    —• JYJr . Wellbeloved , who adopts the Samaritan reading , thus ' renders the verse : <• Now the sojournment pf the children of Israel and of their fathers who had dwelt in the tend of Canaan and in the land of Egypt , was 430 years / 11 This

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    3 iq Biblical Gleaning ?*

• Citation
  • Monthly Repository (1806-1838) and Unitarian Chronicle (1832-1833), May 2, 1827, page 316, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse.ac.uk/periodicals/mruc/issues/vm2-ncseproduct1796/page/4/