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    fnent are attained , by the amelioration of the guilty person ; it will in the . course of time make the gfeattfst culprit forget his evil habits , and having no taunts to fear when be exhibits marks of contrition , be

    will be more-- powerfully effected by his own -reflections . That evil babits will be forgotren , we may rationally conclude , from our

    p roneness to forget what we are not constantly exercising . Can any one think that our own language would be soon forgotten ? Yet Selkirk had been but four years

    and four months , on the island of Juan Fernandez , and at the expiration of that time could scarcely make himself understood by fcis own countrymen . But ,

    independently of this consideration , the severe- punishment which the culprit now undergoes , will ever after be unavoidably associated with the idea of the crime for

    which he suffers , and , hence , a most effectual preventive of that crime in future ; I say this is a severe punishment , and I am arguing against cruel punishments ;

    there is a very wide difference between severity and cruelty ; this is the offspring of a tyrant ' s caprice , who gluts his eyes with blood and to whom the groans of

    the tortured are pleasing ; that h the correction of a parent , who , whilst'he-punishes , weeps over his guilty child Yet severity , though thus widely different from , may lose itself in cruelty ; this is always the case when the punishment is

    continued after the ends of punishment are attained : or , the pain of that severity which maybe found necessary to amend a very bad naain , may be imagined by him to be a greater < evil , than a cruel puni ]» i ^ i « iit j he may think this

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    from the knowledge that the latter will be over -mi a short time * whereas the other may be prolonged to a period ; the vein ? thought of which makes him " recoil ? with apprehension ; froni ~ V hateve cause , howevi-r / it may spring , it is said to be sometimes fotrnd in

    America , that a criminal prefers death to seven years ' solitary confinement . Suppo&e , now , the ends of punishment attained ; suppose the criminal amended , his evil habits plucked up by the roots , arid iri

    their place , industry , sobriety and attention , promising to bend fortli fruit to perfection ; the care of the benevolent magistrate will not end . here , —he will watch with anxiety , lest iron-handed necessity drive the penitent again into those paths from wrliich he has been rescued

    with so much difficulty ; he will endeavour by all m ^ ans to procure him employment ; and this most magistrates may do , by their personal influence with the owners of

    large factories ; —he will watch over him as over a son , for he is raised by the consent of the society to the authority of a father ; and thus he will resemble the Universal

    Father , who wilhth not the death of sinners , but rather that they should turn to him and live . ** ZERO .

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    On the Controversy concerning Matter and Spirit . Sir , //¦ ¦¦¦¦ ' ¦¦ ¦ I have been amused and instructed by some articles , which , have lately appeared in ybu ^ ptrbU lication , relative to Matter arid Spirit . Reflecting on that ^ abject , there have Ariseti di flic ill dies on

    both £ ides of the qurstida * whicli I should be much gratified in ¦ , : . ¦ - ' ' .-. { . - " M ' -, " fct > -

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    On the Controversy concerning Mutter and Spirit * ~ 7 . 1 . 1

• Citation
  • Monthly Repository (1806-1838) and Unitarian Chronicle (1832-1833), Dec. 2, 1811, page 711, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse.ac.uk/periodicals/mruc/issues/vm2-ncseproduct2423/page/7/