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REVIEW. €e Still pleased to praise, yet not afraid to blame."—Pope.
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Note: This text has been automatically extracted via Optical Character Recognition (OCR) software. The text has not been manually corrected and should not be relied on to be an accurate representation of the item.
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Akt . !•—The Notes , fyc . y to Heloris Pilgrimage .
[ Concluded from p . 542 J SPECIMENS of the notes and illua . trations accompanying- the English translation of Strauss' Helons WalU fahrt nach Jerusalem shall now be given . On the subject of the Emancipation of servants , and in reference to Vol . I . of the translation , p . 4 , the editor
says " , Mosaic law did not prohibit domestic slavery , which , being universal in the ancient world , it would have been impossible to banish from among any
single people ; it only endeavoured to mitigate those evils which slavery must bring witli it , especially among a people little softened by civilization . In particular , its regulations were directed to prevent the mischiefs which resulted in
other countries from the hostility against their master , which is engendered in the minds of slaves , who see no prospeGt of any termination to their miseries but that of their lives . Foreign s&ves might
be purchased and retained during their whole life-time in slavery ; ( Lev . xxv . 45 , 46 ;) but if a native Israelite had been reduced to servitude by poverty , Josephus ( Ant . iii . 12 , xvi . 1 ) adds , by crime , he was to be set free at the end of seven
years , or in the year of Jubilee , if this occurred before the seven years of service had expired . ( Exod . xxi . 2—6 ; Lev . xxv . 39 ; Deut . xv . 12—18 J It would , however , frequently happen that a servant would have formed an
attachment to his master ' s house , which would make him unwilling to leave it , especially as the children , who might have been bom to him by a female slave in the family , continued the property of his master . fExod . xxi . 4 . ) In this case he was allowed to bind himself to his
service for ever : the compact , to prevent false claims on the master ' s part , taking place iu the presence of witnesses , with the ceremonies described in the text . Josephus ( Ant . iv . 8 , 28 ) appears to suppose that even then he was released in 4 ~ ^ " ^ ^ ¦ ^~ ^^^ ™ ¦ ^ r ^ r " «^ ^^ ^^^ M ^ fc ^ v ^^ p ^^^ ^*^^ ^ b ^ V ^^ ^ k ^^
the fiftieth year . The time immediately preceding the passover , is said to have been usually chosen for the manumission ° * those who were to receive their free-™ jn > ( Reland , Ant . Sacr . Heb . 452 ; lv Hchaclis , Mos . Law , § 122—127 . )"
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In some cases of theft , restitution was demanded by the Mosaic code . Where no such restitution could be made , servitude appears to have been the substituted punishment : * and
perhaps this circumstance gave rise to the mistake of Josephus in saying that an Israelite might be reduced to servitude by crime . The effect was collateral and contingent , rather than direct .
We shall transcribe an instructive illustration ( referable to p . 51 of Vol . I . ) of the laws concerning clean and unclean animals in Lev . xi . and Deut .
v . Cf — Michaelis , in his Commentaries on the laws of Moses , § 200 + et seq ., has shown that the foundation of the distinction was the practice , already established by the usage of centuries among
the Israelites , and in moat points also among the kindred nations in their neighbourhood , of using certain animals for food to the exclusion of others . It has been doubted whether the hare ruminates or not ; it was the opinion of ancient naturalists that it did not ; Arist *
Hist . Anim . iii . 16 , ed . Schneid . Blumenbach , Comp . of Nat . Hist . Zepus , inclines to the opinion that both the hare and the rabbit ruminate . The poet Cowper , who had the best opportunities of observing , also pronounces the hare to ruminate ; and Dr , [ G . ] Shaw confirms it from dissection of the animaL See
Wellbeloved ' s notes on Lev . xi . 6 . " Not improbably , €€ the prevention of idolatry and the prevention of disease" were the leading objects of these prohibitions . In particular , the Israelites were to be thus separated from Arabs no less than from Egyptians . But Michealis , on the authority of respectable travellers , ;!;
* Exod . xxii . 3 , 4 . f Read , 202 . t These travellers arc Plaistead and Elliot , to whom , on this very subject , the late valuable Mr . Harmer adverts , in his Observations , &c , IV . 332 [ aim . 17871 . The fact of the Arabs * eating
hares , is confirmed by the same writer in the first volume of his work , 336 [ ann . 1776 ] . On the doubt , whether this animal ruminates , Bochart Hieroz . L . iii . ch . xxxii , may be consulted with ad van-
Review. €E Still Pleased To Praise, Yet Not Afraid To Blame."—Pope.
REVIEW . € e Still pleased to praise , yet not afraid to blame . "—Pope .
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Citation
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Monthly Repository (1806-1838) and Unitarian Chronicle (1832-1833), Oct. 2, 1826, page 611, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse.ac.uk/periodicals/mruc/issues/vm2-ncseproduct2553/page/39/
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