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botanists , Abulfadli , Ebn Beithar , and others , regard should be paid to the names of plants in the Talmud , * and likewise to the Punic names , which occur in the No&a of Dioscorides , and often agree with the Hebrew ; for example , 1 J Coriander , r © fS ; HEN Thorn , A-rahi * ( for JHIOH ) . The political geography of Palestine must be treated historically , and here the following periods at least require to be distinguished ; 1 st , Palestine in the possession of the Canaanites before the invasion of the Hebrews under
Joshua ; 2 ndly , Palestine after the partition of it among the twelve tribes ,-which continued until the times of the kings and the division of the kingdom ; 3 rdly , Palestine about the time of Christ as divided into four provinces , Judaea , Samaria , Galilaea , and Peraea * Many intervening changes in the period , for example , between the Babylonish captivity and the Roman
conquests , cannot be ascertained and represented in maps , at least with desirable accuracy . Also the topography , for example that of Jerusalem , must be treated historically , and in so doing the periods of time must be carefully distinguished . Here , however , the violent devastations which the city has suffered , and the absence of all genuine traces of antiquity , often make it impossible to obtain a secure point of rest even in matters of the
greatest moment Biblical geography refers to other countries so far as they are mentioned in the Bible , and so far as the knowledge of them can illustrate the scenes of biblical history . With a view , therefore , to the illustration of the New Testament , this study embraces Asia Minor , Greece , and even Rome , especially in reference to the missionary journeys of the Apostles ; but the biblical geographer will only find it necessary for his object to contemplate these
countries at that point of time in which they are mentioned in the biblical narrative . One of the most difficult parts was formerly the geography o £ jE gypt , since the denomination and position of many ^ E gyptian cities and territories mentioned in the Bible was uncertain . But , in consequence of the expedition into iEgypt , and through the diligent study of the Coptic writers , much light has been thrown upon the subject by two learned Frenchmen , Et . Quatrem&re and Champollion . j * As sources and aids of the study we mention ,
I . Among classical writers and fathers of the church , Strabo , Josephus , Pliny ; Ptolemy , especially important on account of the more accurate determination of places by degrees ; Stephanus of Byzantium ; Eusebius , Bishop of C ©^ sarea , who published an alphabetical catalogue of places in Palestine with references to their former and present state ( irep * twv totukuv qvoijuitvv e * rn Suy , ypcufyfi ) , a translation of which by Jerome , here and there furnished with additions , is an excellent source of information , though defaced by many corruption in the critical emendation of which Bonfrere , Le Clerc , Rhenferd , and others , have employed themselves with distinguished merit ; t the
Itine-1786—95 , & . Numbers , 8 vo ., with Plates . Specimens from J . E . Faber's Biblical Botany , commuuicated by E . F . C . Ronennauller , in the Analecta for the exegettcal and systematical Study of Theology , edited by Keil and Tzschirner , Vol . f . No . I . Also a short view in C . Sprengel ' s History of Botany , Part I . pp . 6—26 . Compare Forskal's Flora iEgyptiaco-Arabica , s . descriptiones plantarum , qviae per JRgyptxim
iuferiorem et Arabiam felicem detexit P . F . Havnise , 1775 . Ejusden Fauna , ibid . ? Especially in the tract CD *** ?^ . t Et . Quatremere , Me * moire 8 Geographiques et Historiqoes snr PEgypte , T . / . If . Paris , 1811-12 . Champollion le jeune , L'Egypte sous les Pharaous , T . 1 . II . Description G £ ographiqne . Paris , 1814 . X Onomasticon urbium et locorum Sacra Scripture s . liber de lorfu Hebraicis ,
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Biblical Geograph y * 439
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Citation
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Monthly Repository (1806-1838) and Unitarian Chronicle (1832-1833), July 2, 1830, page 439, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse.ac.uk/periodicals/mruc/issues/vm2-ncseproduct2586/page/7/
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