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    is th&& » n * H ^ £ ^ lfe $ i ^ ig * p § 9 e&i ^^ $ rM ^ smtots < $ & $ qambbe in ^ vftf rni ^ ^ eH ^ ^ < &jd tfpfbsgitattou $ f d&fiffl D ^ jv ^ gfe rnwt itfg&efisiQpjt aj $ fevi * ed-& w ^ witli ^^^ B ^ ^ tegs of , # ii ( u }~ M ^ i *^ pfOfHWtieHi s tiQ fe ^ force of tte a ^ tiflpV rl ^ Wl © f ^ ^ £ afe £ te § 98 * e jfeie maifle by ex ^ nial object ^ the revi \ c © d ieappe ^ eions ap $ u sttai ^^ ojalut te ^ omgapi ^ ii frfrl ^ e ^ sioirna dafl ^ such external impressions are wanting * however , tbV revived idea * beeqroe s ^> powerflllas * o appear like sensations . Hence the silepe ^ aad darfrwess the

    of jiightare tbe most tavcnirable to spectral illusions . Wheathe agit&tioo b ^ eoiw ^ iSijflSetody fllfQBg tQ overpawep impresskms of presentofc ^ ectg , apparitions ^ re seen , or unreal sounds and sensations are heard oifek . This deception may be experienced while the intellectual faculties remain eati * e * : a §? iHrthe fcaae of Kicolai ; or may involve an affectiori of those

    Wrtipns cfftlhe byain wfeieh are instrumental in the processes of comparison aadjudg ## | itf ; in wM ^ h cjase , delirium or absolute madness is occasioned . A ^ p ariti ^ fe % } nm » are seen , when ideas are so vivified as to overpower a , ctuaji i ? pp 5 ^ fen ^ ^ m njd Q this takes * place when a strong morbid affection extends &on >^ hehbraiR | the opti c nerve : g ^ nd analogous consequences ensu e fro m ag # 8 tioii& q £ ihe acoustic and tactual serves .

    It seldom or never happens that the entire expansion of Ihe optic nerve , —the whole retina , is thus affected . The apparition appears surrounded with familiar objects , though it intercepts some which ought to be perceived . In order to dispel the illusion a it must he ascertained what point of the retina is thus affected , that some powerful actual sensation may be excited : that is , some bright or moving object should be placed oa the veiry spot \ ifbere the apparition stands . Dr . Hibbert gives us the case of a naan wfrq was haunted by a frightful skeleton . The medical practitioner who attended

    him " inquired whether if at that moment his patient saw the spectre . The man immediately pointed to a corner of the room where he alleged his familiar was keeping guard . To this spot , therefore , the gentlemen walked * Now do you see the skeleton ?* he asked . ' How can I ?• was the reply , * whea you ^ re interposed between us ?* H ^ re , then , was a satisftctpry * indication that the retina had been actually impressed by the imaginary phantom . Soon , however , fancy began hef work again ; for , with a sudden lone of exclamation wiiich startled the philosopher himself , ; Abe inan cried , ' Ayt now I see the skeleton again , for at this very moment he is peeping at me

    from behind your shoulders . '" _ # , s Impressions are sometimes revived in the order in which th ^ y were presented , and som ^ ttnaes in a new arrangement : on which ci rcumstance it depends whether the objects seen are familiar or strange , wh ^ tbpr , nien < orjjR ^ lmagiuation fe made ) the treacherous agent of disease . Nicola . i apncu $ tiipjes betMsjkt \ h& forms pf frieads in the throngs of ideal penwns who &urJ ^ oi ^ 4 ed him ; but in his case , imagination was more active tlian na ^> ftvyr ; , ^ ti ^^

    figure were the most numerous . Though he aaw a ^ nt , » n 4 ^ ejcea ^ e 4 j ^ - wm *; h * mm XWW halted b y those wtovN * Q ^> e ^^ in ^ qomrse ; $ ® a < 4 timl iiopj ^ aiQ ^ they p rod u at ^^ w » ir ^ 4 ^ f € fl of » ^ cc ^ a ^ is wbfl ^ - . lhe ^ ppai ^ i <« ift ^ fir > li « Qnipa ^< i ^ of f ^ wdflto . a ^ l y , ^ mbio ^ d ,,, ^ & ^ WVMfb ^ i ^ tbpwgh ft mm vrsmivu « f vbe M » agiaaUqi ) , pree ^ M by ^ i »^ u ^> ry-. U < - ^ l ^ ei smi s t ^> e ; t t ^ spectral lUiJMioLus h ^ ft l » € f > o kitowa to ni ^ ogotze

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    r ^ mmUi ) gy andMk ^ crofi . 7 $ 5

• Citation
  • Monthly Repository (1806-1838) and Unitarian Chronicle (1832-1833), Nov. 2, 1830, page 755, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse.ac.uk/periodicals/mruc/issues/vm2-ncseproduct2590/page/27/