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    [ From the Commonplace-Book of an Invalid . ] The » ix French Codet—Some account of each—Appendix and itg contents—Bulk of French law up to 1831 , contrasted with that ot * English law—Justices of the peace—Primary courts—Cours royales—Assize courts—Costs of suit—Court of Cassation—Grand juries abolished by Bonaparte—The * Hypotheque , ' or register of titles—Pot de vin- ~ A favourite custom at court « - ~ The new municipal law —Law on the organization of the national guard—New electoral law—Improvement of the ballot—Imperfections in French jurisprudence—Dependence of juries—excessive number of judges and supple&ns—Vower of transference and consequent delays—Improvements in the criminal code proposed by commission of revision—Unspeakable obligations of France and the whole world to Beccaria , Romilly , and Bent ham .

    The great body of French law up to the year 1831 consisted of six Codes , entitled respectively , 1 . Code Civile ; 2 , Code de Procedure Civile ; 3 . Code de Commerce ; 4 . Code d'Instruction criminelle ; 5 . Code Penal ; 6 . Code Forestier j accompanied by tables of costs and expenses , with an appendix subjoined to the first five codes . The first five of these codes compose what was

    known by the name of the Code Napoleon , all of them not having been completed till during the period of his usurpation of the rights and liberties of the people ; but the credit of them is alone due to the National Assembly of France who devised and pre pared them . After the restoration the Bourbons added the appendix , containing amongst others a law against the freedom of

    the press , and the even more infamous lot , pour la repression des Crimes et des Delits commis dans le » edifices ou sur les objets consacres a la religion catholique , fyc . and also the sixth code called Code Forestier . The Code Civile , the first , and by far the most comprehensive of these divisions , defines the rights of persons in their various capacities of citizens , parents , sons , daughters , guardians , minors , married and unmarried . It next treats

    of property in its respective modes of acquisition and possession , as inheritances , * marriage portions , sales , leases , bonds , loans , mortgages . The Code de Procedure Civile prescribes the manner of proceeding before the different courts of justice , beginning with the Juge de paix ; also the mode of carrying sentences into effect , whether the payment of damages , the distraining of goods , or the imprisoning the party condemned . It declares likewise , the course to be followed in transactions distinct from those of the

    law courts , as in arbitrations , taking possession of an inheritance , or a division of property between man and wife . The Code de Commerce begins by defining the duties of certain officers , or commercial agents , such as sworn brokers and appraisers ; it next treats of partnerships , of sales and purchases , of bills of exchange , of shipping , freight , and insurance , of temporary sus-* Thll division , being that to which the attention of the writer was more particularly directed praciicaity as well as theoretically , will \> Q 9 oosici « retl fpor © at large .

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    100

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    NOTICES OF FRANCE . —No . 5 . Thb Six Copes .

• Citation
  • Monthly Repository (1806-1838) and Unitarian Chronicle (1832-1833), Feb. 2, 1833, page 100, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse.ac.uk/periodicals/mruc/issues/vm2-ncseproduct2608/page/32/