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    hold despotic power , but the aristocracy , and others composing the oligarchy , determined to have the largest share of the power . They therefore called themselves Whigs and patriots , and so forth , and turned out a James Stuart to make way for a William of Orange , which act they christened by the name of a * Glorious Revolution / and have referred to it ever since as an apology for never doing any useful

    thing . Bear in mind always that the Whig revolution was like the revolution of the Barons under King John . As far as regarded the mass of the community , neither revolution was of any importance , save as a type to work by . The Barons and the Whigs were , it i 3 true , alike fond of liberty , but it was only liberty for themselves . They regarded liberty in the light of a loaf of bread , and believed that

    increasing the number of the sharers , diminished the share of each . In both revolutions alike , the people only changed a single master for a body of masters , and the late Reform Bill has only increased that body in number . However , their power is now merely legal , not moral , and is unavailing for the purposes of mischievous coercion . But how came the Guelphs here ?

    After William of Orange , another Stuart , named Anne , succeeded to the throne . Being a nervous woman , the oligarchy ruled as they pleased in her name . When she died they were afraid of losing their power , if an energetic legitimate Stuart were to succeed , wherefore they sent to Hanover and brought over a puppet named George Guelph , a person of strong animal passions and little mind . Him they made King , and have ruled in his name and the names of his

    descendants ever since , just as the priests of Thibet rule in the name of the human puppet whom they call their Dalai Lama , or god . The oligarchy could scarcely have made a better selection . They had but to supply these men with a sufficient portion of the money they wrung from the people , in order to enable them to gratify their brutish appetites , and they did all their masters' biddings freely . Would it not be well to get rid of such a family ?

    In some senses it would , boy , for they are waxing too numerous , but it is of little comparative importance . The business is to get rid of the oligarchy ; to do this it is necessary to turn all men ' s attention to the fact , that until all rulers shall be made responsible ^ good government cannot exist . With responsibility , actual responsibility , it

    matters little what may be the form of government , and the only sure check upon rulers , is the diffusion of moral and political knowledge through the mass of the community . Kings are like other men . When badly trained—and it is impossible they should be well trained —they make bad men . They are to be pitied , boy . They have no chance of happiness , and what excitement they have is of a

    self-destroying nature . What beautiful gallery is this ? It is called the Lowther Arcade . Can it be possible that the same man who planned this most commodious and elegant nest of shops , was the contriver of the unsightly lamp-top turrets at the turnings . Even thus it must be , so long as architects fail to dive into the hidden depths of their art , to study its poetry or spirit as well as its externals . At present they seem to stumble on the right by accident .

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    Juvenile Lessons . 685

• Citation
  • Monthly Repository (1806-1838) and Unitarian Chronicle (1832-1833), Oct. 2, 1833, page 685, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse.ac.uk/periodicals/mruc/issues/vm2-ncseproduct2624/page/25/