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    reputation of too raving a madness , would erect altars , and perform sacrifices to it . And the warmth and genial influence derived from the atmosphere which beauty generates around itself , entering through the eyes , softens and liquefies the inveterate induration , which coats and covers up the parts in the vicinity of the wings , and prevents them from growing : this being melted , the wings begin to germinate and increase , and this ,

    like the growing of the teeth , produces an itching and irritation which disturbs the whole frame of the soul . When , therefore , by the contemplation of the beautiful object , the induration is softened , and the wings begin to shoot , the soul is relieved from its pain and rejoices ; but when that object is absent , the liquefied substance hardens again , and closes up the young shoots of the wings , which consequently boil

    up and throb , and throw the soul into a state of turbulence and rage , and will neither allow it"to sleep nor remain at rest , until it can again see the beautiful object , and be relieved . For this reason it never willingly leaves that object , but for its sake deserts parents and brothers and friends , and neglects its patrimony , and despises all established usages and decorums on which it valued itself before . And this affection is Love .

    ' Now , those who in their former state followed in the train of Jupiter , can , when seized by love , more patiently bear the burthens occasioned by it ; but those who served and followed Mars , when they fall in love , and think themselves wronged by the person whom they love , are ready to resort to violence , and immolate both the loved person and themselves . And every other soul , both in its loves and in all its other pursuits , follows to the best of its power the example and model of the

    god on whom it formerly attended . But those who attended on Jupiter seek to have for the object of their love one who resembles Jupiter in soul—one who is a philosopher , and fitted by nature to lead ; and strive all they can that the object of their love , if not so already , shall become so . And if they themselves have not before applied to study , they do so , and endeavouring to image to their recollection the god to whom they were attached , model their habits and dispositions , as far as is in human power , from him . And ascribing this change in themselves to

    the object of their love , they become still fonder of that object , and communicate to it a share of what they themselves draw from Jupiter , and make the beloved person resemble as much as possible the god whom they imitate . In like manner , those who had been attendants upon Juno look out for a person of a regal disposition ; those of Apollo , and all the other gods , similarly look out for an object of love who is as like their god as possible , and if not so already they endeavour that it shall become so .

    We formerly distinguished the soul into three parts , two of them resembling horses , the third a charioteer . One of these horses we said was good , the other vicious . The better of the two is an upright noble animal , a lover of honour , sensible to shame , and obeying the word of the driver without the lash . The other is crooked , headlong , fiery , insolent , deaf , and with difficulty yielding even to whip and spur . * Now , when the driver is inflamed by love and desire for some beautiful

    The charioteer and the two horses in this allegory , are manifestl y types of the three principles which , in the * Republic / our author represents as the constituent elements of the mind—Reason , Honour , and Appetite .

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    Plalo ' s Dialogues ; the Phttdru * . 417

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    2 Q

• Citation
  • Monthly Repository (1806-1838) and Unitarian Chronicle (1832-1833), June 2, 1834, page 417, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse.ac.uk/periodicals/mruc/issues/vm2-ncseproduct2634/page/35/