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it would be requisite for him either to be a despotic ruler in the state , or to associate himself with the existing government . '— Do you see , ' asked Callicles , * how ready I am to praise you if you say any thing good ? What you now say appears to me extremely well said . ' S . * Consider whether you approve also of what I shall say next . It seems to
me , that , as the old sages used to say , each man loves most those who most resemble himself . Do not you think so ? ' C * I do . ' 8 . * Then , wherever the government is in the hands of a savage and uncultured despot , if there be any person in the state who is much better than he , the despot will be afraid of him , and will never be able to love him with all his heart / C . * Agreed . * & c Neither would he love any one who is much worse than himself ; for he would despise him . ' C . * This
likewise is true / S . * No one therefore remains to be his friend , except such as , being of a similar disposition to him , praising and blaming the same things which he does , are willing to be his subjects and be governed by him . Any person of this sort will be extremely powerful in the state , and no one will injure him without being the worse for it . ' * C * Yes . ' S . ' If then , in the state in question , any young man would contrive by what means he may become very powerful , and no one may injure him ,
his best plan is , to accustom himself from his youth upwards to have the same pleasures and pains with his master , and to resemble him as much as possible / C . ' Yes , ' S . * By this method he will have attained the one object , of not being injured / C . * He will / S . * But will he have attained the other object , not to injure ? or the very opposite ? having made himself to resemble the ruler , who is unjust , and having attained influence with him ? It seems to me that he will have
accomplished , on the contrary , the means of doing the greatest possible quantity of injustice , and escaping with impunity . " C . So it seems . ' S . * Then he will be afflicted with the greatest of evils , being evil in mind , and being corrupted by power , and by the imitation of his master / G ' I do not know how you twist and turn the argument backwards and forwards . Do you not know that this imitator will , if he pleases , be able to destroy the non-imitator , and take his property V €
S . Surely 1 do , most excellent Callicles , if I am not deaf , having heard it so often from you and Polus , and from nearly every other person in the town . But do you also listen to me , who say that it is true he will kill him if he pleases , but if so , a bad man will kill a good one / C . 'And is not this the very thing which is to be complained of ? S . Not by any rational person , as the argument has shown . Do you think that a person should make it the object of all his exertions , to live
as long as he can , and to study all the arts which can preserve us from dangers , such , for instance , as that rhetoric which you advised me to study , which saves our lives and fortunes in a court of justice V C . * And very good advice it was / 5 . * Pray , does the faculty of swimming appear to you a very grave and dignified one V C . * No , indeed / S . And yet
it saves men ' s lives , when they are in circumstances in which that faculty is needed . If this should appear to you a trifling instance , I will give you a greater one , the art of navigation ; which not only saves our lives but our property from the greatest of dangers , like rhetoric . And yet this art is unassuming and modest , and does not take honour to itself as having effected something splendid , but if it has brought you safe from
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Plato ' s Dialogues ; the Goi ' gias . ; 931
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Citation
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Monthly Repository (1806-1838) and Unitarian Chronicle (1832-1833), Dec. 2, 1834, page 831, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse.ac.uk/periodicals/mruc/issues/vm2-ncseproduct2640/page/13/
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