On this page
- Departments (6)
-
Text (13)
-
Untitled Article
-
Untitled Article
-
THE NORTHERN STAR SATURDAY, FEBRUARY 1, 1840.
-
Untitled Article
-
Untitled Article
-
Untitled Article
-
Untitled Article
-
NOTICE TO 4GBNT&,
-
DISTURBANCES AT BRADFORD.
-
JP^rtAl ^arlfammt. J&Hg&riti ^arKatlVnt. —
-
TO THE WORKING PEOPLE.
-
TO READERS AND CORRESPONDENTS.
-
Untitled Article
Note: This text has been automatically extracted via Optical Character Recognition (OCR) software. The text has not been manually corrected and should not be relied on to be an accurate representation of the item.
-
-
Transcript
-
Note: This text has been automatically extracted via Optical Character Recognition (OCR) software. The text has not been manually corrected and should not be relied on to be an accurate representation of the item.
Additionally, when viewing full transcripts, extracted text may not be in the same order as the original document.
Untitled Article
HOUSE OF LORDS . —Friday , January 24 . TW&oyai Assent was given by commission to Prmar Albert ' s Naturalisation Exhibition BilL Lord Duncannon presented additional papers relative to Canada . The remainder of the fitting was occupied with a diaea&dan upon Socialism . Monday , January 27 . The discussion on Socialism was resumed on the
presentation of petitions bj Lord Brougham from Robert Ovrea and others , praying tor an enquiry into the principles of their system . - After & short conversation , the Bishop " of Exeter £ & ? e notice that on the 3 d of February he will move their Lordships to address tha Crown to enforce the law against tho promulgation of blasphemous doctrine ? , and to support the morality and religion of ihe cvtniry , Tuesday , January 28 .
The Marquis of Lansdowne laid on the table ¦ oer toin orders in Council connected "with the proceedings of the Ecclesiastical Commissioners ; also minutes of the Education Committee of the Pri y Council . Lord Redesdale presented a petition from a place in Yorkshire against any alteration of the Corn Laws . TLa Marquis of Xormanby laid on the table papers relative to the Dublin constabulary force . Lord Colchester gave notice , that he -would on TCaeiday , the 4 th day of February , mo 7 e for papers xe&'l ^ g to tie state of ice nary . A . journed to Friday .
B JU 3 E OF COMMONS—Friday , Jan . 24 . Sir W . Gossett , the Ssrjeant-at-Arms , informed the fcpeakor that be had been served with a writ of habeas corpus to bring up the bodies of the Sheriffs . He said , that before acting on the writ , he had ihos ^ ht it his duty to sub nit the matter to the House lor tic pwpose of receiving hs directions , Oa title motion of the Attorney-General , it was ordered , " That the Serjeaui-at-Arms be" directed to make a retain to the said writ , that he holds the . bodies of the said William Evans and the said John "Wheelten ( the Sheriffs ) by -rirtuo of a warrant issued at ike hands of the Speaker , by the authority -of the House of Commons , for contempt , and a'breach
« f she privileges of that House . " &r J . Y . Bnlier took aa opportunity of stating the precise terms of thamotion which he intends to submit to the House on the 2 &hi £ st .: — Rasolved , that her Majesty ' s Government , as at present constituted , does , not possess the eonMqbce of the House of Conuaons . ' Mr . Pryme gave notice , that he will , on the -6 th of February * move for a Cotnmfttee of the whole House , to consider the expediency of gradually r «« incing the duty on . the importation of Foreign grain , at the rate of 3 s . at a time , and at stated period * . Mr . Laboachere stated that ii is the intention of Government to introduce , in the coarse of the present -Session , a Bill rolatiTe to £ skctori « s . '
Lord John Russell made his promised statement ef the intentions of Government with respect to the provLaon of Prince Albert ; bat it led to no material discussion either of principle or of amount . Lord John said , he would now enter into none of the considerations connected with the approaching marriage , except the financial ones appertaining to the Prbce . The Prince , it was true , would not be placed in a situation conferring upon him any of the srmle ^ es or powers which a Queen ConBort enjoys ; bat still there was between fee two stations a certain analogy , perhaps the Dearest which coold be drawn . After ihortly adverting to the cases of the husbands < i the first Mary and of Anne , he came down to the
settlement made on the marriage of Prince Leopold with ihe Princes Charlotte . The amount then settled upon them joittly had been indeed no more than i . CO , 000 a year ; but " that the Princess was only heiress presumptive , and she was not certain tb -survive her father . Yet still , out of that yearly sum of £ 60 , 000 , the yearly sum cf £ 50 , 000 tad been settled upon Prince Leopold for his life , as a provision for his survivorship . Queen Charlotte , the consort of George III ., had a settle--ffleut of £ 106 , 000 a-year , in the contingency of her surviving that monarch ; and the same provision had been settled on Queen Adelaide , contingently on her outliving Kiag William IV . -On the strength of
tcese precedents , he meant to propose that her Majesty ahoold be empowered to grant to Prince Albert an annuity of ioO . dOO , chargeable oa the consolidated fund , to commence on the day of the -marriage , and to continue for his life . His allowance , ¦ therefore , would be the same during the joint duration of her Majesty ' s life and his as during the Prince ' s separatelifs , should it outlast her Majesty ' s . It woald be necessary that he should keep up some establishment of his own—an establishment to b « formed perhaps upon the model of that which was formerly maintained by the Prince of Walts ; and the household of the Queen ' s hnsbaSumust be men ia the superior ranks of society . ( Hear , hear . " *
The civil list of the late King and Queen had been £ 43 $ JM ; that of her present Majesty was settled st only £ 385 . 000 . Thia difference of £ 50 , 000 had been made because her present Majesty had at that -time no consort . Now that- * consort was to be united with her , the deficiency should be made up : sod the Government iberefore were now prooosiug oaly to complete the total to the same gum which it -had been in 1881 . Aa objection hid been urged , that the present distress of the eotmtry forbade each - * provision , however the dignity of the Crown might b « though * to require it . He lamented tha distress , bathe could sot concur in the argument thus -deduced from it . From such an argument it would
follow , that if & smaller provision were now proposed , on the score of the country ' s present poverty . lax addition Gught to begranted whenever afterwards a prosperous state of circumstances should recur . He did not believe that the resources of the nation were permacently impaired , and a merely temporary depression was not in his judgment a safficient reason for refusing a proptr establishaent to Prince Albert . The only question , therefore , for the House would be , whether £ 50 , 000 were sot an amount justly proportioned to the fitness o :
( he case . Mr . Hume wished to know whether the Royal pair were to live under the « aT" » roof , or to inhabit eparate palaces : to which question Lord John Russell answered , that there was go intention cf separating the Prince ' s establishment tfrom that of her Majesty , but that there must be ertain persons paid separately to attend on Prince Albert's person . Mr . Goutburn asked whether the provision was to fee absolute , or dependent ouhei Majesty ' s pleasure ? to which Lord John answered , that it was to be absolute .
The Lord Advocate obtained leave to bring in a bQl to ascertain and define the right of Toting for members of Parliament in Scotland . The House adjourned at seven o ' clock .
Untitled Article
HOUSE OF COMMONS . —Monday , January 27 . Lord J . Russell presented a petition from Messrs . Hansard , complaining that Stoekdale had brought another aeooa against them through his attorney , Mr . Howard . On that motion of the Noble Lord , n was ordered that Mr . Howard do forthwith attend &t the bar of the House . In answer to a question from Lord Mahon , Lord Jehn Russell « id it was impossible to say when the Serreaat-at * Anns would be able to fuid Mr . Howard . Lord John RnsBell stated , in answer to a question from Mr . G . Palmer , that the report toai her Majesty bad contracted eanaderable debts was totally
without fwwiatiea . w The Hsuse thea went into Committee on the questfcn « ftb » allowance to Prince Albert . Oa the fraraftaea of JE 50 . 00 © being-put fro * the Chair , - ___ £ : J I "fFJ ? < £ j ? ** wwadaiwrt * that the Mr . Williams , of Coreatry , Mended the amend ^ wmL Oa mdSrisioiitliete appesw > 4 , lbr Mr . Hnme'a M « d » eBit » , jyj « nstivSM . Majority againgt Mr . Haas ' s propoeJ ^ B 467 . ^ j - «* u »» iur . A totiwr sawnrimfTrt of £ S 0 # 9 # ^ rai thea made ¥ y CoiMMl Sibthorp , which was ultimately carried » T » BtsjoHty of 154 , ihe nusaben beins 2 B 2 aad ¦ TU SerjesAt- ^ -Anas s « ra » iated the Hooai . tl . it
] D « OQforBti ty with their order , he had that dayattM lJtl y Coort rf < i ° »«' B Bench to make a return HtSJ ?** * haieateorjnu , briapngup the bodies £ TO ^ E ^ M s ^ Joha W Sllto ^ isqrs . Tiid mat the Coot bad easte to the decision that the said { toons ahoold oot be taken out of his castody , aad fcat he aecordiajrjr returned with them , aadstUl held fBsnt in eutody . ' - 'iJfyP ** -J «**• «**» . * i » t « Wednssday next , ** will soovs that the Shmabedistharredfioiu the utodTefthft SajeaWkt-Aziw . L « d Mt » petit moved for leave tohringin & BUlfbr tt « regulation of Municipsl Corpoisiwns ia Irelaad , wmes was agrotd to . •'« SL HOaW ^^ * *^* •* ^^ -P *^ twelve
Tuetdes , Jwomry 3 » . Mr . BBtchini and Mr . Monte took thsir «?* U . SOTCTBi petttioBs were preseat » i ,, Amo » g which vaaoaebjMr . Wakky , en bsksff-of the Welsh patriots . _ In answer to Mr . Fwtor , Lord Paiaierston stated tot tlieageata of her BrisfesUkGoreniinsHt in Spsia Ad net take any direct part in tie nesotiaUcniwhich had lei to the treaty of Bsrgara ; bather Majesty ' s eflieew , raval aod military , on tt-e north eoast of Spain , did lend their assistance icort zaa-IobsI ^ . asisx aa Uiey cc-nld do so lf £ i ; i » as . teh \ in winging . about that eonantnicatioii bafjreeil ' t e Caiiis ; ctuefs and rh * oficen * of the Qce . > n , waicb tad cltMiately led to that -convention . Hr- r M&-jestv s _ 0 ro » enmieiit had undoubtedly expms ? d a
Untitled Article
strong opinion that it wenUaot be oondstont wHb the spin ! and TObeUnoe-of th # qoadrnpla treaty , if Don Carici were left at liberty to re ram into Spain nntil roae definitrrt « maga&eat shall bare been arrived at between him vui the Qu ? en of Spain . Some conversation ensued bstveen Mr . Maclean and Lard PaTmcrstcn on the subject of the published df deration of Captain Elliot at Canton . In answer to Lord Sandon on tee subject of die Britkh claimants on the Portagnese Gsremment , LoTd Pilmerston sai-J , that ** hoverpf digpoted tile Portnfu ^ se Government night be' to do jcitiw , her M « j ? 8 rv ' s Goverument here would not be contented with promises , but would expect sabstantiai aot » of justice . " The di » cTi ? si < ni of Sir J . Y . Bulfer was then beg ^ n , on which the factions chopped logic during the remsdnl ( -r of the evening . It u n > t expected that the debate will dose before Thursday or F / iday . s ^ o ngopinion ftatitwe « Hi » t be ooradstent sift ^_ ^ 5 * i !?^^^ r ^?*!^ .-- ^^ riIi
Wednesday , Jan . 29 . Mr . Noel took the oaths and his seat as Member for Rutlandshire . Colonel Sibthorp presested a petition from Lincoln , which the Hon . Member stated was most numerously and respectably signed , and in the prayer of which he cordially nnited , praying for the immediate dismissal of her Majesty ' s Ministers . Mr . Baines presented a petition froas Essex in favour of the release of John Thorogood . Mr . Wood brought up the Report on Public Petitions .
CASE OF MT ) OUALL AND BRADLEY . Mr . Leader presented a petition , at the request of his Hon . Friend Jhe Member for Finsbury , to whose care it had been committed from two persons , named M'Donall and Bradley , who were now conficed in Chester Castle . They complained of the conduct of the Magistrates , who , when they were first apprehended , had demanded excessive bail of them , and also of the general conduct pursued towards ihfcm since they had been imprisoned . They stated that they had beea convicted and imprisoned for having been present at a meeting at which seditious language had been ased , but they had not used such language themselves . He should merely now present the petition , and wa 4 t his Hon . Friend ' s return before takmg any further steps .
THE KING OF HANOVER . Mr . Leader gave notice that on Tuesday next , he wouid move for a return of the sums received out < rf the Consolidated Fund and paid to the King / of Hanover since his succe&stea to the Throne of that country ; also the number of residences , apartments , with the gardens and lands attached , being the-property of the Crown , possessed bv the King ef Hanover in England . On the motion for the Order of the Day on the adjourned debate beicg read , Lord Ashley wished to ask the Under Secretary of State for the Home Department whether he had any objection to lay upon , the table the report of the Factory Commissioners . Mr . Fox Maule said he should have no objeotion to lay it upon the table immediately on its being readv .
After Borne other Hnunportant business , the Adjourned Debate on Sir J . Y . Bailer ' s motion was resumed and occupied the rest of the evening .
The Northern Star Saturday, February 1, 1840.
THE NORTHERN STAR SATURDAY , FEBRUARY 1 , 1840 .
Untitled Article
PARLIAMENTARY DOINGS ; THE PEOPLE'S DOINGS ; AND THE FATE OF THE WELSH PATRIOTS . A foreigner paying his first visit to this country and forming his opinion of its state and people by the occupation of its Legislature , would very naturally be induced to think thai vrerj possible blessing of which human society ean be the subject , must abound in a highly civilised and intelligent country , whose legislators—the ** collective wisdom" of the land—had no other employment than to spend whole weefes in balancing ths weight of their own " privileges ,- ' and in determining hew much money can be most conveniently lavished on a pauper boy , who takes into his royal head a fit to patronize the oountry by living in it .
Three subjects only have yet occupied the attention of the mischief-makers since their assembling : the question of" privilege , "—that is to say , the question of whether the representatives of land and money shall bo utterly exempted from the operation of the laws they make for others—the question of Prince Albe&i ' s Balary for being good enough to marry the Queen—and the question whether the present vultures shall continue to devour the carcase of the nation , or be made to give way , and let their hungry mates , who have been for some time looking enviously on , take turn at the gorging .
We had purposed to have Baid something on the character of the " talks" that hare taken place , but we have no heart of patienoe fo * it—suffice it , they are of a piece with all their other " talks "—they maan nothing but a continuance of misrule , aad » deepening of oppression , till the people lean to take their own place . This they will never do till their moral energies are folly called out , and their deliberative faculties made use of for their own protection .
They must learn to act and think like men , or they will but «> ntinually rivet their chains faster . We had thought that ths beggarly , contemptible , asd dastardly efforts at making themselves ridiculous in the way of emeutet in Sheffield , Dewsbury and other places , would have satisfied the fooU who think that any good ean follow from aggressive violence on the part of the people . It Beems we were mistake-: Bradford has added its name to the catalogue of the demented .
Once more we bid As people open iheir eyes . Let them only read ths account of thia affair , which we give from the Bradford paper , and then read the letter of Mr . Ridkb , published in another column , and if there be then any blind enough not to see the Whig traps constantly laid for them , it is of no farther use our trying to open their eyes . Each wilfal fool must have his own way , and we can merely hope that the people generally will stand aloof from the mad ones , and leave them to their fate .
w e corect particular attention to the letter of Mr . O'Cos . vob to the Working Men . The people will there see that that indefatigable patriot entertains slight hopes fer poor Frost and his Mlovr victims . He truly says , thai if hung , they will be murdered ; and we will add , that the murderers will be , not so much the Jury , Judge , or Government , as the eursed spies and traitors , and the mad string of fools who nave brewed the beggarly child ' s-play disturbances here in the West Riding . Let the cowardly dunghill cocks cease crowing , and stand out out of ths way , that better men may not be prevented from doing that which they have neither courage nor capacity for .
We hope that with regard to Fsosr things may be better than Mr . O'Coanor ' s fears . W » observe that the Sun holds » different opinion . He say *— " We understand tt » Tu 3 gei Jnfe ^ iellfere ^ » . their decision to the Secretary of State for the : MEDae Department , bat as that decision is not final , owin § to a contrariety of opinion , the ultimate result devolves on the Government . We have heard it stated that there were nine Judges agai&st the prisoners , and tax in ' their favour . Another report
stated that there wen oalj three Judges in their -favour and twelve against them . Ia either alternative , we hope and trust that such a difference of opin i on will have the effest ef Baving the lives of the convicts . As this momeatou question now depends oa the justice and hamanity of the Government , we c * on 3 t doubt that the seroy of the Crown will speedily be made known , sad thus allay the great pabde anxiety evineed ia behalf of these unfortunate men . " '
All depends on ths seal , activity , and ( usefulness Of the people themselves . Every moment of delay in using peaceful means , aad every act of outrage is another strand in ths rope round the victims ' neck .
Untitled Article
Mt Fbosxbs , —Since the 7 th of November to the present day , I have been engaged all day and every day in the defence of the Welsh prisoners . At four o ' clock yesterday , the ablest defence that the law would admit of was concluded btfore the fifteen Judges . It now becomes matter of importance that the question should be relieved of eve ± y technical incumbrance and legal absurdity , and be pkci . J before you in the most intelligible form .
Untitled Article
v .. The crime of treason has been madebjri&W { he highest and most heinous offence . This has been done to uphold royal dignity and authority , and thus design to depose a monarch , without any execution is held to be more criminal thfcn the murder of father , mother , brother , « ster , and half the nation ; inasmuch as the crime is great , the evidence to support it is required to be ofthemoBt clear , plain , and convincing nature , and provisions by many Acts of Parliament have been made for the advantage of the accused . These advantages have been given as well for the protection of the monarch ' s character as the prisoner ' s life ; because it is of the last importance that a charge of disaffection to a monarch ' s rule or person should be disproved if possible . ! . _ , , ...,..... . ,- ; The crime of treasoniu * been made hftew the highest and most heinous offence . Ibis hat beea
The statute of the 7 th of Queen Anne enacts , that the accused shall be served with a copy of the indictment , a list of the jurors , and a list < cjf the witnesses at the samk time . Now aa explanation of these four plain and simple words has cost the country several thousand pounds . Much more to suitors of all descriptions than the whole of the Special Commission at Mcnmouth . The prisoners were served with a copy of the indictment , and a list of the jurors upon the 12 th of December , and with a list of the witnesses on the I 7 th , five days after . The jnry list contained 318
names , of persons scattered all over Monmouthshire . Thoy immtdiately employed all their available resources of inquiring as to the fitness of the jurors ; when the list of witnesses is served , they have no means at their disposal to make inquiry as to their characters ; and observe , treason may be proved by documentary evidence , or by publications , and not having a list of witnesses delivered at the sams time , the prisoners were to presume that the ease fer the Crown would be supported upon such evidence , especially as the papers and correspondence of all the prisoners had been seized . The Attorney-General oontended that the 12 th and the 17 th / were od 6 and the same time , and that the prisoners were
served by the non-compliance With -the , statute , while Sir W . Follett , Sir Frederick " j ^ i fi ^' &i Mr . Kelly , cited many cases in . which ; for misdemeanours , in actions and at common law , the Judges had invariably held parties to the striot and literal construction of an Act of Parliament , and in one instance when an action was brought for the recovery of a bill for the repairs of a store-house , the plaintiff Bet forth store-houses instead of storehouse , and the Judges were of unanimous opinion that the error was fatal , and the plaintiff was nonsuited . Again , the Attorney-General argned that if the objec tion was good , it should have been made two seconds sooner , that is , before the prisoner said not guilty .
Now to you , who will judge by the rule of common sense , it is useless to make further comment , than , to say , if Frost , Williams , and Jones , be executed , thoy will have been foully , illegally , and brutally murdered ; and yet we are asked to respect Aots of Parliament . I heard the wholo trial from the plea of not guilty , to Sir William Follett ' s last w 6 rds , and never since Courts of law were established ^ was there a more splendid defence ; and yet , mygpinioji is , that Frost , Williams . and Jones , will be , shsllls » y the fatal word , HUNG . In vain does the £ ti » endeavour to throw discredit upon the assertion , that the
scaffold is being erected . The best authority says it is so , and now what are the people to do . Every trade in Glasgow , Edinburgh , Newcastle , Carlisle , Sunderland , Manchester , Liverpool , Nottingham , Bath , Bristol , Merthyr , and every town in England , should instantly , and without one moment ' s delay , appoint one delegate to meet at Manchester , and name the earliest day practicable for such a demonstration as London poured forth upon the case of tho Dorchester Labourers . If the masters shall hold
thorn " slaves bound" upon this Christian occasion , then they must take their own course . We are now in the dark . The Judges give no publio announcement of their " decision . " They communicate it to the Secretary of State , who forwards his warrant for execution to the Sheriff , and thus we are held in ignorance . This is a dreadful state of anxiety and suspense . I think we ought to show seven aUliona of people , upon this occasion , opposed to the slaughter . .
I think I may now answer for London 4 ° incj | s duty . Pitkbthlt—the noble and humane . Pi tksthit—is , as usual , deing wonders . If Englishman cannot afford a national holiday in the holiest of eaosas , then is England not worth living in nor struggling for . You see how the murdering Tories are even now , in the House of Common ? , trying to taunt the Whigs into the execution of Frost ; and Lord G . Somerset , whose brother ' s life Frost saved , is foremost in the charge .
Oh , my friends!—my dear friends!—stand between the victims and death ! Shall Frost ' s wife be a widow 1—shall his lovely daughters bo orphans?—and ahlftl the same fate await the wives and daughters of Williams and Jones ! Good God ! and after such a battlo for three long months , iu the dead of winter , are we thus to be fooled out of an Act of Parliament so clear that a child oould read and construe it !
On the 12 th , the Queen is to be married—remind her of that—and upon that day , perhaps , goed women may be widowed and lovely children -orphaned ! Pray let your delegates be sound and discreet , but brave and resolute men : aad lose not one minute—aay , not a moment ! Glasgow has Moir , and a thousand good men . Edinburgh has Fraser and John Duncan , and its thousands . Carlisle has Arthur ; Newcastle had Doubleday , Byrne , and thousands of others . Snnderland haa Williams and Binns , and its patriots . Let them then repair at once to Manchester : get their business done—and
well done—and God and the country will for ever bless them , and hand their names dvwn to posterity as patriots , as men , and as Christians . I have done nothing to prejudice this case—I haro done everything to serve it . J ^ in , I say , lose not a moment , nor yev halt' a moment . I Bhall work here , or wherever else my presence may be necessary . Englishmen ! remember the struggle you made for the Dorchester labourers . Is not liberty and life an dear to Frost , WilJiams , and Jones as liberty and life were to tha
Dorchester labourers ? There should be five hundred delegates at Manchester in twenty-four houra after this is read . Send your addresses , that is , wiierts you are to be found , to Mr . A . Hey wood , 60 , Oldham , . Street , Manchester . Let no man be allowed kuj » fuse so honourable aa offer as that d ' Tass 2 Ui « ip saying human life . Do it st once , and with §» od faith , and in doumright earneht tand you can yet mw owfriende . Your Faithful Friend , FEARGUS O'CONNOR .
Untitled Article
—•—~ w n ii ii TO THE IRISH PEOPLE 1 XILED IN ENGLAND . M Alas poor country , Almost afraid to know itself . " Fbllow-Coumtbymbm , —We were told that the Irish people ( banished from their own country and compelled to take refuge in another land ) are opposed t © the prineiples of the Charter . I sought in vain , in the character , the temper , or disposition of my countrymen , for an excuse or explanation ef the assertion . Recent events have proved the falsehood of the declaration . At Newport , where oaly a demonstration in favour of Vincent was intoaded ,
the Irish were amongst the foremost and the bravest and were to be seen everywhere but , in the tsfeievc-6 o * : not a srafile Irish Informer . Thaxk G « $ jT' In Sheffield , whatever danger was to have been ran ( according to the information of informers ) it was to have been participated in by Irishmen ; &adf not a single Irish informer there either ! So mneh-for Irish honour ; and now to answer generally the assertion of Mr . O'Concell , that there are no Irish Chaniats . O'BrieDjHoey . Martiu . Doyle , White , Deegan , Duffy , 0 "Connor , and nine other Irishmen are either in custody , or hi Id to bail to answer charges arising out of agitation for the Charter . " Perhaps I
Untitled Article
IM ¦ < ¦ ¦; * ¦ """'"" I ' . ' ' I > y — maybeatswered that they are dinepuiable characters . My reply is that in Buoh cas # , the indignity is to those who hare honoured them with their confidence , and not to them . I have , at all times , said that Ireland was my country and the world my republio ; and as 1 am now about to plead for my countryman , aad as he ( is deridingly bni truly ) callad my friend , Duffy , I shaU , ia tWs address , eonfine myself solely to Irish affairs , "iriffpoliey , . 1 . 1 ...... .. —~— "' ¦ ' :. may be aaswered that they are dteepuiable charaoten . My reuly is that in such cas& the iadiif
andlnahmon . In the senate , iu the field , and in the Cabinet , our people have been distinguished as statesmen , as soldiers , and as councillors . But alas ! since our country became a mere province of Britain , the wisdom , the courage , and the counsel of Irishmen have been commodities cheaply pur ; chased with English gold . Ireland hag uow no patriot in the senate house—no national soldier in the field—no councillor in the Cabinet . Ireland
has spared her soldiers , by the recommendation of O'Concell , to shoot the English and the Irish in England ; and then he has rejoiced that slaughter was committed by Irish boys . In order to spare for an emergency some 8 , 000 of the regular troops , an equivalent is substituted in an equal number of police-soldiers , with three times the expense of the regular troops .
I shall briefly take a review of the ten years antecedent , and the eight years subsequent , to the Reform Bill . In the year 1822 , the Catholic people comp lained of the injustice of Protestants , grass laud being exempt from the payment of tithes . I stood alone of my order in that agitation , upon the side of the people . I heard of carnage all around me—I saw . the midnight flame—I was frowned upon by all save the people—but I fought the battle out , and in the following year the whole of the grass land belonging to Protestants was brought to bear its full share in the payment of the church parsons . It was all we then contended for ; we could have got more .
I then wrote a pamphlet , 3 , 000 numbers of which were seized by the Sheriff of Cork , in , which I ascribed all the murders , the burnings , and calamities to the'landlords , clergy , grand jurbra , magistrates , and police of Ireland . For thia I was denounced as a traitor . The opinion of the Attorney-General was taken upon the -pamphlet ; he said it was the boldest and most dangerous production he bad ever read , but so tunnmgly devised as to evade prosecution ; but if tho applicant would procure a copy of a farce which he understood I had written , and in which he said I
had insinuated that Queen Cabolink was poisoned , that he ( the Attorkey-General ) would have me tried for High Treason . For thus exposing the landlords , huy-magistrates , grand jurors , and police , I was a traitor ; and yet in less than fire years from that period , Goulburu ' a bill to regulate tithes—the sub-letting act to remedy the very evil of which I complained—the petty sessions act to prevent magistrates from acting individually—the new . constabulary act intended to remedy the complaint against the old police—and subsequently the grand jury bill , were , one and all , paseed by the
legislature of the country ; so that what I was < eaUe 4 traitor for complaining of was rectified by the legislature . In that pamphlet , written nineteen years ago , I traced our general poverty and degradation to the union , and called for its repeal ; and front that moment to the present I have sought every means and opportunity to restore you from provincial degradation to national independence . Upon the question of repeal Mr . O'Connell has played fast and loose ; and while professing to rely upon moral means alone , has increased the difficulty of effecting repeal ten-fold . He has argued upon two
fallacies : firstly , as if the Whigs were really anxious to do justice to Ireland ; and secondly , as if the Whigs were to have a perpetuity of power . My answer to the first fallacy is— " Point out one single act , or fraction of an act , passed by the Whigs serviceable to the people in the most minute degree ! " My answer to the second is , that Mr . O Connell ' s every act , since the passing tof the Reform Bill , has been to provide for the successors of the Whigs an armed and unconstitutional force , which would be capable of riding down all popular opinion , and which force moat sooner or later be placed at the disposal- of the Tories . The Tories have now machinery in every city , town and village at their
disposal . EVery town is a garrisotr , every village a depot . Now , what is the compensation ? Why , nothing asserted , nothing proposed , but the mere negative consolation of keeping the Tories out ! Why do the people submit to this fulsome nonsense ? For no earthly reason , but the false supposition that the Whigs are indirectly sanctioning the triumph of Catholicity over Protestantism . Never was there either a greater fallacy , or a more pernicious rule of action . The Whigs are every day strengthening the general policy of Protestantism , while they are ten-fold augmenting the security of the Protestant revenues . Ireland , by perseverance , could have carried the repeal of the Union long ere this , without any assistance from England ; Ireland cannot now carry tho repeal of the Union , without the support of England .
These are the points of action upon which I have mainly differed from Mr . O ' Connell ; and now one word upon the false and cowardly grounds npon which he has engendered and kept alive the dissensions between the working classes of both countries . The Irish people complain of legislative oppressionthe English people complain of the same—and yet O'Cennell would ascribe to the English people every act of the English Parliament over which they have uo control , and of which they equally complain . Six millions of Irishmen suppose that the whole of the English people eleot the House of Commons .
I have three objects in this address . Firstly , to assure you that nothing short of a Repeal of the Union will make Ireland an independent country , and you a happy people . Secondly , that the Union cannot be repoaled without the co-operation of the English people , which they are ready and willing to afford ; the more especially as we have it now upon record , that no power on earth can prevent the aliens in language , and aliens in blood" from joining their Euglishfollow-labourers in the accomplishment of Universal Suffrage , without wliioh the Irish House of Commons , if restored
£ ' to-morrow , would be a curse instead of a blessing . Repeal and the Suffrage must go hand in band . My third object is to express ahopo that Duffy , upon bis tmi r ma * , nei b * ttot ^ efeadod fhiM » to Welsh Patriot ! t ftnd now for one word npon this point . I asserted , three months since , that , had the Newport affair occurred in Ireland , £ 10 , 000 would hare been collected for the defence of the prisoners . This appeal is , then , to my countrymen , both here and in the other ala-re land ( Ireland ) , to join me in
procuring for Pnffy , the Irishman , and those concerned with him , as good a defence as Frost and the other Welsh prisoners hare had . Let the Irish lists of subscriptions be kept by Irishmen . We are few , but we are resolute . I shall exert myself for my owa countrymen with all the zeal and energy of which I am possessed ; and as soon as the one business in which I hare been ^ engaged night acd , day , for now a quarter of a year , is disposed of , then I shall go to work with renewed Vigour for those who are still in danger .
Iriahnwn , I remained true to you in 1822-1 represented yo « faithfull y for three sessions in the House of Commons—I prosecuted , at my owe expense , the bloodhounds who slaughtered your brethren at Ratheormae— -I got a Terdi f * of wilful murder against an archdeacon * a mayor , and a captain . Thbt hatbbottbtbbenzbied . I fought for the Dorchester Labourers—for the Glasgow Cotton Spinners—for the Welsh Patriots—and , in short , for the oppressed—whether English , Scotch , Welsh , or Irish . '
Let us now form a compact , but not a secubtonk , with our English brethren , and who can resist , or who will dare to oppose us ? United , wo stand ; divided ,-we fall !
Untitled Article
Fenow-cOuntlvmeUjO' ^ nnoT ^^ txgwsWi Emmett , were called rebels , bat time will reeved their oaf ^ g in the Kst of patriots . Fellow-countrymen , Ireland must and dutD hare here fair and equal share in the benefits which axe sure to result from the present struggle forUniveral Liberty ; and when hare Irishmen been known to abandon a friend , or to fly from the foe t ~ ' " Tniy ' ' Fenow-cduntrymeajO'CtoimoTjiritigWaWiBMirtt , ware called rebels , but time wiUxe ^ rd iheir nafc * ^
I conclude , with my counsel , that yon join in no secret meeting ; for in such case the bad man has advantage over the good man . No obligation can bind the bad man—the good man requires no obligat ion to bind him . To this cause I wi ) l stand , no matter what the peril , the consequence , or the forfeit may be ! * ¦ ¦ . .,. ' . 7 . I am , ' ., Yonr faithful Friend and Countryman , FEARGUS O'CONNOR .
Untitled Article
All Men sent from this Office are pre-paid , unless u have to write a second time to parties for their accounts . We shall , therefore , refuse all letteri that are not pre-paid , coma f mm wham they may , ¦' . SIGMA— This letter is well written , bat as it is a subject •» which xoe have again and again ourselves addressed the people , we do not think the present trouxUtd state of our column * ipiU admit of its publication . Should toe again , as ue certainly mud , recur . to tlut same subject , we shall probably take some free dom with his letter .
A North Staffobdshihe Collier . —The subject of his letter has often occupied , and toe fear must again ojten occupy our attention . George Simmons . —We advise Mm to give up writing poetry . It is a waste of time . William Shaw . —The "tale - has more truth Ihan literary merit We have no bjectionte print it when we have space * Edwakdus . —It shall be attended to . WH . Bbadshaw—We must postpone his extract of ts private letter from America . We have not room just now . .. . . '¦ ¦ ¦¦ ; - ¦ ¦¦ ¦•¦ ¦ . - .. :. . . ¦ .. . ¦ . 8 . DoBSOff , Mansfield . —The paper on the 2 g& tew iMe usual price . ¦ ¦ i ¦ :
H . GL 4 TO 0 K . —They are entitled to Frost H . Ingbam . t-It was received on Jan . 3 rd ; making two payments in January . lH < lvitL ^ R . ~ Thefuli . prpfit is now allowed to the News Trade in Town ; and it is a fraud for any one to charge more than fourpence halfpenny—< t fraud tltaf the Publisher in Leeds , and the Agent in Town , are most anxious to detect Both earnestly request whoenxr may be so charged will drop a note to No . I , Shoelane , on the subject , and { twill men be remedied . Albx . Huntbb . —We do not know any thing either of him or the money paid ; he must apply to the perso n who received it . ' Travbrsb Peescott . —Received Jan . ith . The other may stand over . Richabds , Hanlby . —They will be entitled to those which art to be given . Contributions to the Frost Defekce Fond . — We cannot continue to give these contributions in detail . They will elseJUl the whole paper . We shall hereafter state the gross amount of the respective sums of which accounts are sent in , with the place they coma from . £ s . i . From the United Cabinet Makers of r < irw «/« .... — ..,, ; im q From Vie Working Men ' s Association , Stockporl « L 13 6 From Foxhill Bank -in .. L 331 From Preston , per G . Hatton ^^ 1 1 From Thetford , Norfolk , per R . Pallant ¦¦ , - , ........ ,,, ; ,.,. L ., ^ . _ 9 7 0 FromE . W . Sharland , Fetter Lane , London -, ,-, ,, ... . .. .. LJ .. , . ' ., .,,,, __ , _ 010 FromStokesley ... . . . ..., L ,.. - ,, ., ., 0 9 1 Front Bury St Edmunds , Suffolk , per H . Cluydon :-,..., L _ . . .. - . 0 i 0 0 From Dundee . .. ; - . .. , - .-. ,, ___ 0 16 8 From the Female Political Union , TUlicouUry . perJ . Oreig 1 0 0 Second Subscription from Enemies of Oppression , a few miles North of the City of Coventry , per Mr . Brown , ofAUlebro' ; ., ^ 10 9 From the Paisley Defence Fund , per W . A . ¦ . ; ,,.- . ,.. „ , ~»~^ 4 0 0
Notice To 4gbnt&,
NOTICE TO 4 GBNT& ,
The operation of the New Postage Regulations , in our case , augments the quantity of Correspondence received to such a degree , that we must beg of the Agent 3 to be as T > rief in their communieations as possible . We receive , at least , 600 letters per week ; and to read and attend to tnese letters alone is no retj easy work . What we wish the Agents to attend to is , to hare their letters here in time ( not later than Thursday •—as much sooner as they please ); and to give their Orders in some portion of their letter in large figures as below : —
5 OO STABS FOR JOHN STYLES . If they do this , they will materially aid ns . It is rather voxiug , when we are run for post , to have to wade through three Bided of closely written foolscap before the Order we seek for can be found . If the Orders are not here on Thursday , they cannot bbattkndbd to . Last week , letters from the following Agents were received after their papers were iu the Post Office : —Hey wood , Manchester ; Black , Bridgeton ; Noble , Trowbridge ; Dales , Pocklington : Brook , Dewsbury ; Arthur , Carlisle ; Shipley Southmolton ; J . A . Ogg , London ; Wild Hull ; Carruthers , Newcastle ; Morley , Selb ' y ; Blackshaw , Stockport ; Hanson , Huddersfield ; Tinkler , Stanhope ; Tomlinson , Sutton ; Eveleigh , Loughborough ; Hampson , Oulton ; Payne , BriBtol .
Disturbances At Bradford.
DISTURBANCES AT BRADFORD .
( From the Bradford Observer . ) From information communicated to the authorities of this town on Sunday eveniDg , such precautionary measures were adopted 9 s have tended to preserve the town from the evils of insurrection and the horrors of bloodshed . A number of the special constables , who had previously baen * sworn in , were called oa t « patrol the town and its outskirts during the night . A party of the 81 st Regiment of Foot , stationed at the Barra « kfi , were placed in the Court House , ready in case of need , and two of the 18 th Httseara
were also there in readiness to send off as expresses should circumstances require . The magistrates were also in at'endance innng the night . Theje precautionary measures were taken secretly , and without alarming the inhabitant * , and th « peace of the town was secured without resorting to the aid of the military . Up to half-past one in the morning all was still asd quiet , bat at that time the first demonstration of an organised plan of action took place . Thomas Croft , a watchman , who had just finished his ajual round , and was standing near to the Bowling Gre « n Ian , when a party of a dozen men , armed with pistola and pikes , rushed npon and secured him in an instant . They then conveyed him away to the Green Market , and placed him ia ashed at the end . of Mr . John Crabree ' s house , the
Mar-Jest Tavepxjnn , woera a * wa * goardsd by tiroraen armed with long pike * . The rent of the party then retired iato the large Butter Cross , directly opposite the same house , which place appears to have been fixed upon as the rendezvous for the Chartists . In a short time , another patty entered the Green Market , at the top of Rawsan ' s Place , seized another watchman of the name of William Illingworth , and coeveyed him to the saaie shed , where he also was pnt into confinement , and guarded by the two armed sentries . In a few minutes a party of the Chartists entered the shed , and took away the watcbx man ' s rattles . In the saeaatime small parties of Chartists continued to come in , and they ail repaired t * the same pUoer-ths Butter Cross .
At a quarter to two o ' clock the magistrates sent out a party of special constables t « investigate the state of ths town and report thereon . In going up the Gre « n Market they were stopped by Tour men about the middle of Rswson ' s Place , who presented pistols , and told thea they must not pats that way . Mr . John Slater , one of the constables , replied that was their read , and go that way they both must and would . They' passed on , and the men followed tb « m to the top of the place , and then left them , They there parted , one party going back to the Court House to report , and the other going down
Sukbridgfl . Lane to see what was going sn in the direction of Thornton Boad . On the magistrates receiving the report , they went out Mr . Prigg and a party . of special constables , who , whilst passing the tend of the street leading to iha Market Place , were recogniged by the watchmen in eustody , and one of them immediately turned the light of hU lantern in that direction , which caught the eye of Mr . Bri gg and he and the special constables hastened to the spot . Seeing by the light , who it was , Mr . Bn ' gg said , 'Torn , what art thou doing there ? ' when Croit replied , 'We are prisoners ! ' pa which Mr . Brigga rushed apon and seized one of the sentries .
Untitled Article
His oomFuioB 4 i 3 « ed 4 te 4 tlier , on wUcf&tChaf . < wto secret * ia theBatteMWss rosi ** ort , , snd ts * last «« fe « d seatry was tftsettd * TnVjasa tstea by Mr . Brigg was conwyed Ao t&e Coorf Houseaad looked up . A furtlMrVsbd more numerous party waf then sent out , who , on their arrival at the Green Market , saw a oonsWeraWe numbfer of Chartist * coming by the Dispensary , armed with pikes , guija , and other wwpons . Oa being . met by the eonstZ bles they swmed takeir with surprise , and some were captured , others threw away their arms aosi run ana others fas away with their arms in th « ir ¦ rrrrrzr : - t ' rrrtfF * P ! * ^ t His wmpuioa ^ iij ^ ibjvothw , on whicftAeCbaiw , ^ «» i ^ ia tl » Balt « r ^ t ^ nifWiwit ^ Bd tifr
hand * . In the whole , before three o ' clock , twelve prisoners , were taken and louk « d up . The constable * and a party of foot soldiers continued tt travers * ^ he streets till morning , and four otfa " < $ nt w * rer taken who could not give a satisfactory account of tkem-Belvea . In the whole of these proceedings not a angle shot was fired , and only one or two pf the con . stubUs was slightly wounded by the pikes of the ihartiftt * . These transactions paused witfci s * much quietness , thit scarcely any of the inhabitants ; wen awareefwhsi w ^ osasing . Intbe moraiog , between stx ^ and seven Vclock , the newirat ths mtended outbreak began to . spread , and the road is the front of the Court House was crowded . - ¦' . - - ¦" ,
During the whole of Monday the town oorrtSnoed in a state of feverish excitement , and various wer » the reports in circulation as to the intentions of the Chartists . The Court Hou * e presented the appearance of a place in a state of siege * SoWieis on guard , a six-pounder in front , and a large posse of constables in and about the place . On the magistrates reoeiving intelligence of th » capture of tb * watchmen an express was sent off to the barracks and another to Leeds for . artillery . The 8 th Hussars , stationed at the barracks , Wtfre soon on thespwt , and a party of Flying Artillery , with one gnn , arrived at the'Court House * t a quarter past seven . The express arrived at Leeds Barracks at
half-past four , and the detachment ef horse artillery ,, escorted by a troop of the 8 th hussars , leftthe trtbracks at a quarter-past five in the morning . W # 8 t * tetbis to show the facility with which tie most effective means are rendered available to put a stOf . to any outbreak similar to that of Monday inprtan ^ i At this peried t »« e excitement was « xtr «| M , ajast hundreds of anxious faces might be seen ontside A * Cour t House yard , iriich was filled with soldier At abeut eigBt : o ' clock the horse soldiers were ord ^ sj off to their billetsi and > the i Court House and yjfc was lift to tiweare of fee 81 st foot . It was at % s period that we obtained . admitUiaoe , and we then learned that the , magitsrates would re-assemble at aine o ' clock for the purpose of taking the examination of the prisoners . On returning at that Lour we
had an opportunity of examining the arms which had been taktn , some of them from the individual * who had them in their hands , and others-which bad been found in ths streets /; They convisted of six long sp « ars and one pike . > The « e are ten feet » length . One spear five feet six inches in length , two muskets , and one fowling piece * doe spear unmounted , and a short dagger , the" blade measuring eight iEcbes , wi . h handle and g / iard . There was also a large quantity of ammunitibn , whiok wiil be best described in the summary of the evidence . On the magistrates assembling , a consultation took place whether the examination should bettken privately or in open caurt , and in a few minutm . it was aunounced that the examiaations shoou ' . bt taken in open court .
The following magistrates were on the benchi- ^ - H . W . Hird , L . W . Hird , John Rand , and Mathias "Whitehead , Eequires . M . Thompson , Esq . took bis seat on the bench after the examinataons had proceeded some time . The court was crowded to excess by gentlemen and tradesmen , and the greatest anxiety was manifested . The first prisoner plaeed at the bar was Jahn Ashton , of Nelson Court , weolcomber . In appearance he was a perfect picture of wretchedness and misery . .
[ The magistrates having made it a command that the evidence addsced against the prisoners should not in its present state be published , we therefore confine ourselves to simply stating the charge on which they have beea remanded . ] Thomas Croft , a watchman , was the first witness , and ha proved that whilst on duty by the Bowling Qreen Inn , at half-past one on Monday morning , be was suddenly seized and conveyed to the shed at tb * end of Mr . Crabtree ' s , the Market Tavern Inn , ' ia the Green Market , where the prisoner and another man were placed as sentries over him . They were each armed with a pike or spear . Oa hearing Mr . Brigg ' s voice , he suddenly , flashed thw light of his lantern towards him , whica led to bis release by Mr . Brigg taking the prisoner into custody .
Mr . Brigg confirmed the evidence of Croft , and proved that the other man was taken b y some of his > party , bat could not » ay who it was . He seqored the prisoner , but the » : her made his escape . Mj . Brigg iarther . proved that on returning to ii » Gre « r Market , asr saw abatt a score men comiig oa by the Dispensary . The / were armed with pikes , guns , or muskets . On seeing the constables they ran is different directions , and he picked up a gun and a pike . At that time several of the par ^ were apprehended , but he could sot point out who they were * The gun and spear picked up by Mr . Brigg were produced , and the charge in the gun was ordered to be drawn , and one « f the 81 st Foot waf
called in to draw the charges It consisted of fifteen slugs or small balls , and a fall charge of powder .., ' William Illingworth , another watchman , proved being seized at the top of Rawson ' s Place , and placed u confinement with Croft , the first witness . The : party who seized Mm were armed , two with pistols and three with pikes ; four went with him to the shed , and the other remained behind . Whilst in the fched , a party of the Chartists entered , and took away their rattles . He was sura there would be twenty of them in the Market Place . ! The Prisoner declined saying anything , and was thenrdDjandedtoafatnreday . '^^' -Phiaeas Smithies , woolcomber , Wapping , where he says he has resided thirteen y ears , bntformerir of
btainland , and Frands RushfortQ , woolcomber , fosmerJy of Idle , bat , according to his cwa acconst , for the last . few days living in lodgings near to St . JamosV Chnrch , were next placed at the bar . Charles Iflfham , depniy constable , stated that he was in coMpauy with a number of special constobles m the Green Market , puMonday morninir . about two o ' clock . Found the two prisoners lathe Low Market , m company with another wan . The prisoners had » ach a pike , the other man o gun . A severe struggle ensued , in the course of which the third man rawed his con as with , an intention to bring it to his shoulcfer . In strogislsne , the piba shaft strack the bWrel of the can /' and turned' it
away . c » ued for assistance , tod / the man who had the gun threw , it down atd ran away . "Ke pt bis prisoner . vdA the gnn was picked up by somebody , bat could not tell who took it . Assistance caxnel and tho two prisoners were secured . Joseph Jackson , bntcher , High-stre « t , spsdal constable , took the prisoner jJmithies into custody , and went with him to the lock-up . 3 John Andrews , d « puty constable ; searched the pnsoser * at the Coart-hoBse . and found in Roshforth ' s trowser ' s pocket , thirty ball cartridges . «« T ^ k Atkinson , porter merchant , confirmed much pf the former evidence .
. Thsi prisoner delined saying anythice , and they too were remanded to a fotnre day . ' W ^ Brook . ^ of Low Moof , joiner , was ^ arxt brought np * and ths Jollowing facts were stated is eridenoe against him . Wm , Biigg jnet Ihe prisoner , in company with oU » e two men , la ^ lfew-sireat , atBearly three o ' clock toMm d&jm ^ f&Jtoy r ** did ' aolt give « y sabstactoty account of himself , he was Ukea into cottody , and parOally searched on the spot . A patent rose was ibana in hu waistcoat pocket . Ott b * iog further searched at the Court House , 5 f ! bs of leaden balls wei © found in a handkerchief in bis
Joseph Foster , inspector and special ecastabW assisted to take and March tha prisoner in Newstreet , Found a ncmber of cartridges , then produced , in t is pocket ; one was tkea opened , aa « found to contaui a charge of powder and eight small balls . This prisoners house was searched the saa » morning , aad a . quantity ^ of leSadeabs ^ lints , a pan for meltogieadrjarioius papirsVaaTa bbdLwete fouadthereia . Tbe prisoaen ^ dediie 4 sSsraw Uu n ^ , and was also remanded . ^^~ * " *• " rv ^ J ^ f : WW # & , woolcomber , was aeX llnfifjt & ?*«« - »»*«*; a number of mea cams tht $£ * Battor-crosa , and run down the steps into the lower market ; succeeded in taking the prisoner into custody . On bein * sesjflW ^^ KLr ^ n ^
scabbard for a bayonet . Mr . Chas . Ingham searched » ne pmoner , a » d produced the bag containing seventy fM&Wges , one of which was ihsa opened and found w fw ^ ama ebarw of powder and one large arasket ball j a aamber ofgun-flinta wore found in his trowwra pocket . The ^ prurtner also declined saying aaj thing , and was remanded . ^ ¦ -r ?*^ % ! 1 Hut n of Underdiffe , woolcombeir , and Joan H % / , prirfngcwftPIact , woolcdmber , wew text placed at the fa * . * " Mt . JiubeaSbajrp ; agent for the Bowling Iron Works , was out as a special constable ; coming from the alaughterijouse yard , heard a cry 'they ara here , ' and ran towards the place . Saw three men , two of whom were armed with spears . Followed them into the lower market ; where the . prisoner Riding was . . seized by Slater , in whose eustody Mr . Sharp left him . Followed another to . tiie t * ttom . of
Jp^Rtal ^Arlfammt. J&Hg&Riti ^Arkatlvnt. —
JP ^ rtAl ^ arlfammt . J&Hg&riti ^ arKatlVnt . —
To The Working People.
TO THE WORKING PEOPLE .
To Readers And Correspondents.
TO READERS AND CORRESPONDENTS .
Untitled Article
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ H ^/ ' ^ V - ' ^^ ' ^ SIS ^^^^^^ S ^ - ^ ^^'' ' ^''' ' - * - - . —? ^ . *«—— - * -. « -- * ^ 4- - - ^—« - - ^ - * - ¦* -- < c ^ r ^ lJ ^ B be ^^ .,,..,-.:-,., , ., : .- - . -- THB NoifttE £ i ^ VtA ! i . . —~~ m ~ M —^— - "—ii ' V 1 - if ¦» ¦ 1 " ¦ 1 . 1 ir , ¦ ¦ . M-. 1— ..... ¦ ii — -Ml I 1 ill s ^ -M
-
-
Citation
-
Northern Star (1837-1852), Feb. 1, 1840, page 4, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse.ac.uk/periodicals/ns/issues/king-y1kbzq92ze2669/page/4/
-