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Note: This text has been automatically extracted via Optical Character Recognition (OCR) software. The text has not been manually corrected and should not be relied on to be an accurate representation of the item.
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P OSTSCRIPT TO MB . OASThEWU -. SBTTSR 3 O . ( Om&d last week for vxati of room . ) p g , _>' ow , my Mends , I -wish eTery one of you , ^ jolr to re »* . Hi to pond « ot ^ , y ^ then reason ¦ boat , the instruction Contained in this postscript . I -fish J * ° ** Parti ^ lwly careful to read it to -pnr ^^ Tooan . »» d- ^ tali about it -with . them . Ana & not forget , ^ ben any persona call upon you , to ask
t v eBl j ' ¦ Hire you read 'the King's' postscript ?* If tvjj b » Te not , tell them to sit down ; and then pull j-ttbfi piP 61 ' Md read eTei 7 "word to them ; then ^ sai together about it Xever mind who they are , jgjge or simple ; rich or poor ; high or low ; lay or jgial ; Whig . Tory , or Radical ; Churchmen or discos ; la-wyers or elients ; learned or ignorant ; never jBBd , I say , ^ & ° ° r wbA * t ^ ey are—tell them " to sit toTO , and hear Oastlert postscript "
Yon are zirsre that I hare always told you that , as jjriishmen , " you bad a right to have arms for your Wenee "— " that the Legislature had no right to pass te Poor lar" Amendment Act" That , " although it pj m Act of Parliament , it was not the law of Engp& . " That , " in resisting the illegal and unconstitu-¦ frmd ¦ rules , orders , and regulations of the Poor Law j&nmissioners , ' you -woe justified by the principles of fVjjitianity and the Constitution . "
Yon have cot forgotten all these sayings of mine . j { S also remember how I hare been abused by all prties for insisting upon these truths ; and that many ( fctars , who were in other respects favourable to my xigws , regretted " that I should hare allowed my eng ^ fCTi thus to overcome my Judgment" * Among g& friendly * ipM > vei » , ran nave numbered the ST . VSPiSD . > * ow , yon must inow that the Standard is a jpr favourite paper with me . But , believing that 1 ns supported by the highest legal and constitutional pitcrities , I coold never allow that I deserred the refloof of that p » p « .
jjje " onmipoterae of Parliament" was a doctrine I eosMnotbebere ; not « nly because ! knew thai every toot authority denfeoTTt , but also , - because T eannot fefirre in tbeonmipoteaee of any power to do wrong Saiher could I , unless it were proTed that Englishja . were slaTes by- law , deny their right " to hare arms jjtteir defence . " Well , then , I went on steadily , at all hazards , assert ja jad Tn » int » iTTiny « ' that the Legislature had no right
fenb the poor of their title to the soil of England , nor to gssfer my allegiance to another set of law-makers ;" pi , also , ¦• That every Englishman had a right to prods himself with defensive arms . " You know to ? I hare been insulted , abused , laughed at , and tntemned , for unflinchingly standing by these prini $ a . Tou will rejoice with me , that I hare liTed b liiness those truths asserted by that most talented aps , the leading journal of Toryism , The Stakdam . to I mistake ? Too shall judge for yourselves .
Ten mast now turn to my former letters about arming . Ya-will there find my reasons for recommending you j copy the example of your forefathers , and avail 'radves of that right—and the authorities upon nich I asserted and maintained it to be pour right I told you that the New Poor Law would require a sal police to enable your oppressors to enforce it ¦ d that they too would cause murders and n . « reu » S nv axis to become very common . Tou cannot have forjsttes these things . Well , here in London the cenhJised police "has been established some time ; tie few Poor Law is also in operation , and what is the
Bait ? Undiscovered murders , and a recommendation fcQtfSissdard to the people to resort to "the old Udoaed display of a sword or a pistol over the bedson ehimnevpiece . " This recommendation does not proceed from my pen ; no—it is given in the Staxtm > a the 8 th instant It seems that , according to 8 a opinion of ttie excellent editor of that paper , tie ahabitants have , since the police was established , depended too much npon the fancied security which the poBee f one afforded them ; and have been thus induced
toabsBdonthe oldfrshione 4 practice of " providingarms far thai defence . " The Shntiard speaks favourably of be London police force -, that makes no difference to fce trgnment ; H only proves , that even where it is ^ posed to work weH , thepeopU must protect themselves 1 are not in what way the question is argued . It is nough , thatthe conclusion is arrived at , the food old tafewaed positiaB , " that men provide for the safety of aard-ireilingg as Qieir father * ilii" £ esd , * nat tU SonianJ ays : —
"The Times of to-day particularly observes that , taring no previous period of the modern ^ history of London have five cruel murders been committed within » o years , without some of the perpetrators having leen brought to justice . ' "Undoubtedly H h * s been a . wnd characteristic of this country , that the most use-Jil maxim , ' murder is never hidden , ^ has grown into ipopular proverb ; but if recent experience has not any sapported the proposition , we think that we may Sad nauT causes for some change without referring to " gleet or nannanagement in any department " Rrst , the enormous in ( TPv ^» of population in the Eetrspolii
" Settiadly , the number of persons thrown back ipon the country , in very desperate circumstances , by nccanserin ? expeditions . " TMrdJy , Hie . vast number reduced to like desperate < nx ** ta * xt by ( he harsh operation of the Sew Poor j * ac i "LwtJy , the general excellence « f the police force has l « fT _ led to a degree of careless security , which seems ponte the enterprises of criminals , and has furnished pi facilities for their escape . "
So man is more grieved than myself , when a Tory Paa the centralised police . The whole thing is so * fc » J to every constitutional principle , that , to me , J is unacttmnt atte , how a Tory can endure The fact , - that the Conservative Sir Robert Peel ¦ aWUhedit can surely be no reason why a Tory should ¦ St Ms constitutional principles . For raj argument * present , however , it matters not how excellent the r ** f 6 rce m& 7 appear to be . According to the shew-¦ J of the Standard , it leads to insecurity , and requires «* the people should be prepared to defend themselves z are hh words-
—Formejly , -within the memory of some who are not ? s wining VO be Oiled old men , wfeoeTer occupied a " "f ^ S m any respect insecure , was accustomed to £ nae arms for its defence . Sot , the old-fashioned ^ ay of s , sword or pistol over the bed-room chiinney-^ wonW be a subject of ridicule . The robber , rf 7 ' *"" n ° feart save of the police , and if he *«« to elude them in the commission of his crime , proTides for a safe and quiet eseape by the commis-¦» oi a mnrder . Xow this , we think , is not merely a * T a tte individual , but an injustice to the pnblic , Jr , * lonely recommend , upon pnblk as wdl as fr «? toa ! pounds , that men provide for the safety of ¦ O 9 * eliinis as their fathers did . "
^ P&d . I have not one more word to add . I am ™ rfd-faihioned Rn gii « hTnnT 1 an ^ although you are l * ° " * *« be cursed by the presence of a rural ^ > I hope that all your " l ) ed-room chimneyf * " * ill be' ornamented after the old- English w oo . l ^* * aepe " ¦^ MW ' before the Honse of Lords > I * B > Bomething about the Irish Municipal Corpora-P * - 1 need not explain it to you . Tou know that [**** nve an opinion about Iiiib measures ; simply **»* I * m totally unacquainted with the wants , feel-^» a prejudices ( rf the people of Ireland . It is ^ T ** for my pnrpose ^ 3 Iar youTi > jj ^ ^ g p ^ j-g of tattie opposes that Bill , " and denies the right ot divest the their
^^ " to corpoiateons of privi-^ GoDd , very good , my Lord Duke . The £ * " * <* the mmiptteaee Parliament is , therefore , ^** try Ms Grace , i ^^ npon ^ j ^ Bm ^ 9 tesuon is raued . x faw q ^ PaI . liament ^^ wi ri ght to ^ divest the Irish corporations of their 4 e&S ! f ^ ^ ^^ " " «* - * to aiTest ^^ P °° r and fte Z ^ 01 Eaglaad of theirs . " Now , then , for ^^^ « thU poetacript ; now for the reason why I . « y body to read it and to reason about it r > n last made
^^^ the Stasdabd the following jj ^~* > with reference to the I > uke of KewcasUe and r "" * ^^ nicipal Corporation BilL Ton shall have a , *^ for - » ord . Xotone alteration will I make . kjf yZv m « aent that the If or Poor Law were L ^^ on instead of this Irish BO 1 , < and it makes no ^^ oeto the argumwit ) I have therefore now a clear r ? ° 7 . the Susdabd has at last taken his right L ^^ on tie good , old , tafe principles of ChristipBtt ^ Zl « nstituaoD . Sometime , when we have Lj ^ ^ ° > l ytm 'aU yonr attentaon to this leading EJJ * » e Staxdam again ; it is really worth LZT * . " * reasoning about Now for the SiandartTt
1 ^ h ^ l J agree ** & the Duke of Newcastle , * y treat rrnvr concurred with whom on " » of tbV ^ , ? *^ ' sinee ™ ***¦ daimed the ^ PabUc , is on grea ^ gt pnda . W p ea-
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¦ - tirely agree with the Duke of Newcastle , that Parliament hat * o ri { At to extinguiah the existing corporations in Ireland . That Parliament has the j » t « r to dertroy these bodies we d ? g ^ dispute , any more than wo diapntGthejxnwr of Parliament lo hangup A , B , orC at Charing-cross . But though the question of obedience to Parliament , when it ordains what is morally wron * may be a question of difficulty to the iubj * et , whether at shaU ordain what is morally wrong can . tod ought to be no qnestion at all with the Legislature itaelL It is in this light we view with peculiar gratification a nobleman every way so well qualified to do honour to what-CT ! L ^ he asserts as the Duke of Newcastle , F , ^?!^ ° PP ° sifci 011 to the ministerial Measure upon the high ground op Right . ^
" Hi * Grace has learned from the highest authorities upon all questions of social law—Bacon , Grotius Locke among the rest-that the o 7 nnipoUr . ce of Parliament , si it is called , u ofaUacy , and that there are many things which it is incompetent to Parliament to doT Among theBethinga-oeywri the competency of King , Lo ^ ^ Commons , « the privation of the subject * life , pr ^ erty e > without a forfeiture by some < ri , neorabuL We know the objection that may be ofiered to this position , viz ., that as every man is presumed to be represented in Parliament , the privation of his life property , or privilege , is made with his consent Here Z ^ f ^ . ^^ ' eYer ? ™** « represented in Parlia-^ tl / Z purpo bQt *« M ««• ne is
-^^ ^ ' . repre mTS ^ L " s ** * stoe ~ for ^ protection of his Tn Jn ? ^ . ' f P nvile ««' . ™ tfor their destruction . Tocontcnd that a majority acquires by the social compact the r ^ ht to slay or to despoil a minority U to rrcur wWA ^ "Tf ^" ja 8 tify in deed ^ P ^ ciple upon S ^ L ?^ ^^ t ' ™ * folded . No rennemenfis necessary to understand that as free governmentj ,, Uke aH other governments , are established for the protection of men - s rights , these governments betray SSTfrS just as much as Nebuchadnezzar or Nero did , when , in the enrate of mere power , they invade these right * . But MrtVXXi ' rightS ° V *™** "fcfc * Property , and of privilege , are the highest
^ "JJ ? * S : muBt o « the effect of multiplying precedent for the violation of vested rights ? How m the troublesome times before us , Against « nch prece-% ?* ^ L TloIation ° ' rights-we know it ; and this u the very subject of am complaint—this is the very reason why we call upon the Legislature to pause ^ S " i ? . V ?* ** eonurit&m ; alai ! too often already and if it do not arrest its course , it mast , by an inentaoi £ necessity , come round to its own destruction . "
^ Now , my friends , mark well;—I have not altered a single word ; it is just word for word as the Standard has it , May 5 th , 1840 . Oh ! I am a happy man ! I have lived to see my doctrine " of your right to have arms for defence , " sanctioned by your jndges on the northern circuit , and by the leading Tory newspaper ; and my doctrine , "that the omnipotence of Parliament is a fallacy , " asserted by the Tory Standard In future , when you hear your " Old King" derided by the Tories , or the Conservatives , read them this postscript , and tell them to blush , or join the Whig * .
Tou will mark the difference between the power of Parliament , and the right of Parliament They had the power to pass the Poor Law Amendment Act ; but they had no right to do so . They have passed the Rural Police Act , to give them the power to enforce the New Poor Law . It remains to be proved if they have the power to enforce either . The Legislature has truly , ( as the Standard says ) of late years , furnished precedents for the violation of sights . It has exceeded its
commission , alas ! too often already , and if it do not arrest its course , it must , by an inevitable necessity , come round to Us destruction . '" Why , this is the very doctrine I have taught you so many years—for which I have , by her Majesty ' s Ministers in Parliament , been called " an incendiary , " " a monster , " and I know not what Surely the Tories will listen to their own organ , t « the Standard , and , no longer , march on in the train of the Whigs to the destruction of the Legislature—to confusion and anarchy !
If I can persuade you universally to read and understand this postscript , I shall have done more towards lesvoring freedom to England than by all I have read and Baid before . I beg of you to get this postscript printed in slips , and , in all your towns and villages , have it distributed to every dwelling ; and thus you will shake the very foundations of the throne of the traitors at Somerset House , and elsewhere .
Never forget that poweb . is not bight . That Parliament is not omnipotent to do wrong , " to deprive you , " however poor , " of life , property , or privilege , without a forfeiture by some crime or abuse . " The wretched , blood-stained monster had the power to cut the throat of Lord William Russell , but he had no rigit to assassinate that nobleman . ' The Legislature "has had the power to enable others to poison hundreds of pampers , but they had no right to sanction such wholesale murder .
My friends , I have done my duty—do yours to this postscript , and , believe me , the cells of your condemned companions and friends , will s * on have other tenants not of a more noble , but of a richer order ! R . 0 . TO THE EDITOB OF THE NOBTHEBI ! STAB . Sib , —Although my " postscript" is long , perhaps you can find room for this short letter ; if you can , do . ¦ Tou will have seen , by the Parliamentary reports , that oa Monday night last ( 1 lth inst-t , Sir Robert Peel was at his dirty work again—betraying his party as usual . Ton are aware that he is considered " the leader of the-country gentlemen in the House of
Commons , " and yet—will you believe it—he is ths first man to back' the " Manchester league" against his clients , by requiring that a law shall be passed to destroy the only real good which the " country gentlemen " have gained by the New Poor Law ? Believe it er oot , so it is . When , oh when , will the gentlemen of England learn , that there is no confidence to be placed in Sir Robert Peel ? I fear not until he has ruined them , as he has wrecked the Church and destroyed the Tories ! Bat to the point The Poor Law Commissioners have settled the legality of rating machinery andstock in trade for the poor . Hitherto , land and houses have been alone burthened with that tax . It mattered not how many millions a man might have in machinery or trade ; hitherto it was thought illegal to
charge -that property -with one farthing to'wards the relielf of the poor . I ha-re always contended that this was not law-, it was , however , the universal practice . The Poor Law Commissioners , instructed by the Court of Qneen ' s Bench , have settled the question ; this is the only good thing that they have dene . And who is the first man to complain ? Why , the " Leader of the country gentlemen ! " The head of the very men who are alone benefitted by that decision is the first man to require that kis clients shall continue to "be exclusivel y taxed , and tkat the law , which requires machinery and stock-in-trade to share with them the burden of maintaining the poor , shall be repealed ! This is absolutely true , although it ii almost incredible .
Why , in my last "letter to the people of Yorkshire , ' I gave you a copy of a letter from a Noble Lord , iwho has more sense in bis little finger than Sir Robert has in his - upper story , and so every man in England , and particularly the " country gentlemen" would say , if I were to name him ) in which his Lordship says " The poor rates , as " you say , should be levied on property , WHICH SHOULD INCLUDE MACHIXEBT ; " and yet , when it is discovered that such is really the law , the " leader" of the very men who are alone relieved by that law , is the first man in the House of Commons to require that his own followers shall not be thus
relieved ! Why , Gentlemen , but it is of no use talking—it is all of a piece ,- whoever trusts to that leader is sure to be betrayed ! Sir Robert is one of "the philosophers ! " and that U all about it In this instance , he is playing second fiddle to " the Manchester anti-Corn Law League : " but , you will see that the " country gentlemen" will skip to his tune as merrily as if it were really an old English country dance ! The same men will abuse me , call me " a marplot " and I know not what , because I cannot believe in the god of their idolatry—Sir Robert Peel ! You have no room , I have no patience , so good bye .
Your obedient servant , RICHAB . D OaSTLER . 106 , Sloane-street , Chelsea , May 18 th , 1840 . P . S . Last Thursday , I witnessed the inspection of the Pensioners , at the Hospital here . I thought about the Poor Law Commissioners and Lord Brougham , and about th ' ese fine old veterans being turned to the " right about , " to feed and fatten on " their own resources I " I will , if I remember , tell you all about this some other time .
You said my last P . S . was too long , so this time I will not trouble you . R . 0 .
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THE VICTIMS OF WHIG 0 ERY , TO THE EDITOR OP THE NORTHRKK STAB . Sir , —Permit me , through your columns , to lay before the public , more especially the Radical public , a few remarks on the duty of the people to protect those staunch friends who have manfully stood forward to advocate the just and constitutional right * of the people to a share in the making of those laws which they are bound to obey . You are aware , Sir , that during the late struggle for Radical Reform , many men stepped out from the quietude of private life to join the national host in the cry for Universal Suffrage . Many talented and sincere advocates of the rights of the people gave up their domestic happiness to assert the people's right to a
share in the legislative power of the nation . Our fellow-townsman , Mr . Richardson , was one of these undaunted patriots , who obeyed the call of hiB country , and at the particular request of the Radicals of Manchester , suffered himself to be elected to the distinguished honour of representing them , and their interest , in the Convention . Unarmed by the powers of the Government , he bravely took his stand in the People ' s Parliament , risking his liberty , and , perhaps , his life , in a cause he had so aealously tspoused . To his credit be it said , and no man will gainsay it , he discharged his duty faithfully and honestly , even at a time when secret intrigce and jealous factions were at work to dispossess him of th ¦ post of honour . To his intimate friends , his personal , and his domestics , his pecuniary sacrifices are well known .
Like almost svery other man who performs active service in the cause of the people , he lias suffered greatly , whilst those for whom he has ventured all look by . Yes , even those who elevated him to the post of danger , and cheered him upon the hustings , now he is in gaol , forget that such a man did exist , * n * have not the sligbteat recollection that he advocated their rlghta . It is certainly very ungrateful ; such conduct towards their representatives affords the enemy an opportunity of laughing at the folly of men , circumstanced like Richardson was , wasting their time and their money in advocating the people ' s rights . Such conduct will warn men in future how they venture forth to advocate popular rights . Richardson , O'Brien , Butterworth ,
and Jackson have been captured by the enemy , and npon the evidence ( fudge ) of ONE witness only , and that the Reporter to the lying Manchester Guardian , brother liar to the Leeds Mercury , have been aent to prison at Lancaster Castle , Richardson , nine months ; O'Brien , eighteen ; Butterworth , nine ; and Jackson , two years , to herd with men who have committed all sorts of crimes , to wear a prison dress and to pick cotton , unless they will tax themselves from ten to twenty shillings per week , whilst they remain there , or in other words , unless they will maintain themselves . Richardson , rather than suffer this degradation , is maintaining himself at h' « own cost , compelled to purchase everything at the dearest rate .
Sir , I ask you , is it right that he should do so ? After the many sacrifices he has made for them , to allow him to sacrifice still more to save himself from the horrors of Whig prison discipline , his pen , which latterly was employed in shewing up the evils of the Banking System , is forbidden to move ; deprived of pen ink and paper , he is thus tortured by his enemies . Sir , after this , who would be a public man . Frost has been sacrifioed by spies and traitors . Stephens has been made into a gentleman , whilst his fellow prisoners , some of them his dnpes , are treated as felons . So it is . The
public—the Radical public are fickle . They make one man , who sacrifices nothing for them , a gentleman ; they make another man , who sacrifices every thing , a beggar . The Government patronise the one for his success and punish the other for his beggary . Will the men of Manchester endeavour to mitigate Whig tyranny by cheering their leaders with their cheers , whilst incarcerated in the dungeons of the Whigs . I hope they will see the propriety of doing their duty , and by their exertions contribute to the support of the victims of spies and traitors . The Government never could
suppress any movement in farour of liberty , if the people only stood by the leaders in prison and out of it It is no punishment to be in prison if the people cheer them up—but the Government know that the moral effect of imprisoning leaders is produced by the ingratitude of the people acting upon the minds ef the leaders whilst in prison , which either drives them into apathy or else to join the ranks of the enemy . Manchester with its population ought to bear all the men sent from that town to gaol perfectly harmless in point of expense .
In conclusion , Sir , allow me to say , throughout the whole affair . Mr ! Richardson has been very ill used ; whilst subscriptions have been going on to a certain extent in behalf of the Chartists , Mr . Richardson has not received one penny from the town of Manchester . I am , Sir , Yours respectfully , Jabez Babbowclough . No . 15 , Barlow ' s Croft , Salford , 18 th May , 1840 .
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REPLPY OF MR . NIGHTINGALE TO MR . O'CONNELL'S LETTER , ADDRESSED TO MR . WARREN AND HIMSELF . TO DANIEL OXJONNELL , ESQ ., M . P , Manchester , 20 th May , 1840 . Sib , —You have written and published in the papers , a letter , bearing date the 21 st of April last , addressed to Mr . Warren and myself . You address it to us , you say , because our good sense and civility , shown on the occasion of the Anti-Corn Law meeting in Manchester , have convinced you of the soundness of our understandings and the honesty of our intentions ; your
object in writing , is , to address the English and Scotch operatives , what yon deem to be the duty they owe to themselves and to tie country at the present crisis of public affairs ; and , after much ado , you state that duty to be , the forming a Sew Reform Association , upon a plan which you thus point out : — "Informing the basis of this Association , care should b « taken to avoid unnecessary restriction or limitation ; to make that basis so wide , that all honest Reformers of all shades of opinion might be able to co-operate ; and especially that the middle and operative classes may heartily combine their exertions for the general benefit of all . "
I was surprised that you should address a letter to me at all ; and was more surprised that you should so address a letter , and not once make use of those elegancies of diction , "blood , " " miscreant , " 'fiend , " &c , so commonly used by you of late , when alluding to the friends of the English working people . I sincerely congratulate you , Mr . O'Connell , on this change for the better . I observe , too , that there is much less of that balderdash , in the letter before me , which has hitherto characterised your performances . I am glad , Sir , to see that your fr « quent visits to England are beginning to eradicate those defects which have so long contributed to the merriment of your enemies and the shame of your friends . But ( begging your pardon
for this digression , into "which your civility has led me ) I "WES &bOUt tO Bay , that after a . careful perusal of your letter , I came to the conclusion that it required no answer . Its chief characteristics are its civility , and a strange mixture of truth and error . The first conld require no answer ; the second consists in the saying of what we all know to be true , and most of us lament , namely , that the people are ill off , and ill-treated , both by the Government and their masters ; facts which no one doubts , unless , indeed , the statement of them by you may have raised doubts in the minds of persons less disposed to confide in you than I am , if there be any such ? Your errors appeared to me too evident to require exposure .
Some of my political friends , however , have called on me , not by silence , to leave room for any doubt as to my opinion of your propos ; tion , and , in deference to their better judgment , I have taken on me the task of writing this letter . In doing this , I am necessarily t » take a glance at your past conduct , in order to come to anything like a correct conclusion as to the motive of your present . I write from recollection , having no document * by me , and the first thing that occurs to me , Is , that you were either Attorney or Solicitor-General to that much injured woman , Queen Caroline . Here you were , Sir , as highly trusted and honoured as man could be : the chosen defender of the honour , virtue , and life of the highest in rank and virtue , and most cruelly injured , of
her sex . How did you fulfil your trust ? Ere that ever honoured and unfortunate lady was laid in her grave , but at the very moment , when she was sinking to that grave , under accumulated misery of the oppression of her foes and the desertion of her friends ; at that moment , you—her chosen defender—the man on whom she had conferred great honour—the man whom she had trusted—regardless of all decency —you rushed with open arms to receive her greatest and worst oppressor , to crown with laurels the man , whose onlp trophy of victory was the broken heart of his wife ! " 'Twas bravely done , " was it not , to add one pang more to the last sufferings of your royal mistress and patron ? And you are now the fulsome flatterer of another Queen ! But let us see your next exhibition of virtue .
I recollect the Catholic Emancipation afiair . The Catholics were ill-treated , and it was right that they should be emancipated . You went to work as if you were in earnest , too , for you were after money and promotion . You got to the head of the affair ; you Btorjied , cried , bullied , flattered , and intrigued ; at one time threatening rebellion , at another urging the Government to bribe the priests of your own religion , you undertaking for their dishonestly ! At last the victory was won ; the Bill passed , and the Catholics were free *?) You and your friends claim all the honour ; take it ! By that Bill the rich were corrupted , and the poor betrayed .
We next come to the Reform BilL Upon this oceasion yon acted a useful part , a part that I should call good , if I did not know it to have been dishonest The Reform Bill was , in every way , calculated to increase your power ; to add to your slock-in-trade , and thus put money in your pocket Besides , it was the Bill of a Ministry , and there is something inexpressibly captivating to an Irish patriot in voting on the side of Uie Treasury .
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« m ?? ?? H * * MW » PPo 6 ttion to the Coercion speech from the thronitfand which speech you characterWea ¦» - * ' Woody , and brutal . " The Bill , howtIf «' ^ SkLi *** " " *** y 6 " y ° u supported the Ministers t ^ t passed it , and supported the same BiU , too , a very little mollified . You supported these Ministers In their swindle of the people on the subject of the appropriation clause . SntTH ^^ ^ People to resist the payment of fattes , and at , ik * same time you supported the Ministers in , passing an . Apt to eject every roan from his property who shouldifoUo ^ ypur advice . You supportedjhat most horribl <^ lfiegislatorial inflictions —tne flew Poor Law , as goodenough for the people of
, England , while you told your own countrymen that they bad better starve « n , or wander beggars on the earth , than submit to the horrors of that New Poor Law ! You pledged yourself to support the friends of the unfortunate little factory slaves , in their attempt * to check the cruelties of the masters ; but when the time arrived , you shamefully and savagely abandoned the little sufferers , and joined their oppressors 1 I do not say that yon were paid £ 1 , 000 fur this ! You have supported the traitor Whigs in all their inroads upon our rights , and in all their cruelty ; their new police , and their newly invented prison tortures . In short , you are an Irish Patriot and an English Liberal
; two distinct characters , but of equal infamy . The former have ever been famous , not so much for the extent of tbeir plundering , as for the disgracfully low price at which , they sell their country and the liberty and Jives of its people . The latter , a low , fawning , cringing , cowardly , crew ; some of them with money but wanting more ; moat of them with none , wanting bread without work ; the ever ready tools of those who will pay them ; the flatterers , deceivers , and betrayers of the people ; the pretenders to humanity , yet best abettors of cruelty ; the pretenders to science and knowledge , but promoters of ignorance ; the great canting professors of religion , the greatest uractical blasphemer * > — r
"T ^ that astrologers , and bawds from stews , Philosophers , Chaldees , or lying Jews , Jugglers ,. quacks , wizards , mountebanks , and slaves , Ate all just titles to these worst of knav «* r Now for your , last exhibition—this precious letter . Can anything much surpass the assurance of the charlatan ; who » t this flm © of day tells the working classes that they , bought to be , thoroughly convinced that all the political evils thatafflict the country flow from the want of adequate representation in the House of Commons "—at this time of day , when 1 , 250 , 000 of the working people of England and Scotland , unencouraged by you—unaided by a single petition from one of the
slavish millions over whom you hold a controul dishonourable alike to their morals and their understand ings , have told that Heuso of which you are a worthy member that they are thoroughly convinced that all the political evils that afflict this country ( your power among the rest ) flow from the want « r adequate representation in the House of Commons f—at this time of day , when more than 250 victims of the Ministry that you support , are expiating , in gaol or in exile , to your loudly-expressed satisfaction , the crime of having sought to remove all the political evils that afflict the country , by procuring an adequate representation in the House of Commons ? Is this consistent with the respect which you affect to feel for our understandings ?
And , you , forsooth , must be the man to come forth , " emphatically to press upon our attention , " that " there is not the slightest possibility of repealing the bread tax , without obtaining more popular inflence in the House of Commons you , who have been exercising your brazen lungs in agitating for a repeal of the Corn Laws as a seperate measure , end have reviled , becalled and slandered the working men of England , and threatened tbem with the bayonets of your mercenary supporters , expressly because they entertained and acted on that very opinion , which you , with your usual shallowness , had not the penetration to form in time , and whieh , with your usual impudence , you now beg to press upon those very men , who , to yonr shame
and mortification , have taught you to understand ! Can you imaginethat any feeling but disgust can be excited by such buffoonery ? Youare a preciousfellow indeed te volunteer your advice to us l But let us see what the advice is , and then we shall be at no loss to understand that your motive is to seek another opportunity of practising that mercenary treachery to the people of England , which they have already experienced at yonr hands , and of which you are weak enough to flatter yourself we are again to be made the dupes . When your brother patriot , Burke , set the example you have followed , of abandoning principle in the House of Commons , he cried out , " I leave the camp , " on which Snendan said to him , as I now say to you , •« You have left it as a traitor , dont return to it as a spy . " of the
You speak Ballot and Triennial Parliaments but the duration of Parliaments is to be precise ; that is , it is not to be less than three years . The Parliament is not to be dissolved at the pleasure of the Crown , nor by the demise of the Crown . Gullible as you may think us , we understand , as well as you , that this aims at a practical extension of the duration of Parliaments . Parliaments d « not not now , on an average , sit three years ; and never will again . While they continue what they are public disgust will not longer endure them ; and what we want ttt see restricted is " Annual Parliaments ; " and this because we really are what you and yonr y ^ with vjwr quackish nostrums , ignorantly pretend : tefc ^^ ikdTOcjrtiea of tjonstiituional freedom . " In the constitution of England , however , the main thing is self-government This is the main point with us , and on this point let us see in what terms you couch your advice to us . You exhort us to seek
" The extension of the elective franchise upon a principle which would include as many as practicable of the middle and operative classes , without restriction in its terms , or limitation to particular property , or any casual qualification , and to have no other limit than practicability , rational and peaceful . " Nothing is clear here , but that you are not for Universal Suffrage . Yon talk of a slave-class , and yet propose to . leave one still . A cheat , who is not also a very great fool , generally slurs over a point which he wishes to evade ; but here , while you evade the po'nt , you accumulate unmeaning words , aiming at the semblance of a meaning , as if for the express purpose of making every reader understand that you do not yourself know what you would be at What do
you mean by " including as many as practicable ? " Is it not as practicable to put all as part ilito an act of Parliament ? What do you mean by " as many as practicable of the middle and operative classes . " Do you propose to give votes to part of each class , and withhold votes from part of each class ? Or do you propose to give votes to all the middle class , and to very few of the operatives , and do you wish by this confusion of words to hide the juggle ? What are the terms of a principle ? And what is a restriction on those terms ? What is the limitation of a principle to a particular property ? What is a principle with or without a casual qualification T What is a principle with no other limit than practicability ; and what , in the name of humbug is rational practicability ? What is peaceful practicability ?
The whole of this unmeaning verbiage has but one intrepretation ; that yon are not prepared to state what you mean ; that you intend to cheat us ; that you hope to set us in motion , like your own purblind followers , in pursuit of we know not what , and then , when we have served your turn , when we have frightened Government into measures of your own , to give up every thing which we deem of value , aayou gave up for silk gowns and seats in Parliament , the franchises , and with the franchises the houses and farms of hundreds and thousands of y « ur « ountrymen . The folly of the people on whom you are used to practice has made you a fool , o » you would not attempt to play off tricks so gross and impostures so palpable . The people of England are not a people on whom th ' ey can be played , or at any rate , accepted With success ; depend upon it they are a people whom you have already deceived for the last time .
I am proud tdtay my countrymen have some of that confidence in mm , fur which you give me credit ; but if I were capable of listening to your proposition to betray that confidence , " they would detect and discard me in a moment -.-- ¦ ¦ ¦¦ . ; - < " ¦ I ^ vtoffcgftti to / find out some -other funnel through wbieh-foa&ninlBter your nostrums to the working men of England , I remain , , Your obedient servant , Eewakd Nightingale .
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. ^^^—— . .. State op Trade . —We axe happy to announce that more workmen have been set on during the pre-Bent and preceding week , and we presume , in consequence of the home season being so near at hand , and the orders ( small as they be ) received from the continent and the United States , that they will now be kept at work for a few months . Wages were never lower than they are at the present time . Wools are firm , and the extreme point of depression * in them is allowed on all hands to be passed there is , therefore , little doubt but that the
confidence superinduced by these considerations , will lead to more work being given out by the manufacturers . We hear that the number of poor ( including the families ) now upon the books of the Leicester Union for out-door relief , is diminished to between throe and four thousand , and that the number of poor ( including their families ) receiving relief from the subscription fund , does not now exceed three thousand ; we trust , therefore , that better prospects are in store for us . —Leicester Mercury .
On Wednesday night , an eccentric individual named Brown , who resided in John-street , Cartsdjke , was murdered by his" daughter , a person of weak intellect , and the only other inmate of the house . The neighbours had for some time heard the sound of blows , tmt such sound ' s were unfortunately of too frequent occurrence to excite much surprise . At length the noise became so louji the neighbours went in , and found him lying on tne floor , bleeding about the hetd . Medical aid wasprocured and the wounds dreBBed , but he died on Thursday morning The daughter is in custody . The daughter at once admitted that she had ghenher father a blow to keep him quiet . —Greenock Advertiser .
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AN ENIGMA FOR RADICALS . I saw a beauteous lady , sword in hand ; It struck me as a fairy ' s powerful wand To see her , blindfolded , trip o ' er the plains With reckless fortitude—but took such pains To set the balance at a level stand , Which swung suspended from her fair left hand . These scales appeared the object of her cares , To tbem I heard her cast most earnest prayers : At length , her features I could plainly see Change from soft smiles to deep despondency . I stepp'd towards her fair but troubl'd form , And courteous ask'd what made her so forlern . She said , " I'll be reveng'd , some domons curb My scales—but I'll their proud domains disturb . " She darted off , still in despondency , And cried , " What curbs my scales curbs liberty . "
Again this beauteous form I once did see . But then her looks were mirth and harmony . By this methought good tidings were foretold ; Accordingly she stepp'd forth gay and bold , And cried , " I've sten the God of prophecy , Who told me , ere a comet sees the sky , The willing sons of labour will be free . And my lov'd scales hang horizontally . " " Hear me—before six years have had their range , This spot will undergo a mighty change , In favour of the poor and industry , But to the prejudice of luxury . " She said no more , but darted o ' the plain , And left one there to meditate her name : Chartists ! who may this beauteous lady be Who cried , " What curbs my scales curbs liberty !" South-street , South Molton . Henry Dunn .
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CHARTISM FROM SHAKSPEAHE . ( No . 4 . ) " Virtue is of so little regard in these « oster-monger times , that true valeur is turned bear -herd—pregnancy is made a tapster , and bath his quick wit wasted in giving reckonings—all the other gifts appertinent to man , as the malice of this age shapes them , are not worth a gooseberry . " ' * It was always yet the trick of our English nation , if they have a good thing , to make it too common . "
FROST AND PHYSICAL FORCE . "Arch . —Thus have you heard our cause , and known our means ; And my most noble friends , I pray you all , Speak plainly your opinions of our hopes : — And first , lord marshal , what say you to it ? " Mowb . —I well allow th « occasion of our arms ; And gladly would be better satisfied , How in our means , we should advance ourselves To look with forehead bold and big enough Upon tbe power and puissance of the king .
" Hast . —Our present musters grow upon the file To five and twenty thousand men of choice ; And our supplies live largely in the hope Of great Northumberland , whose bosom burns With an incessant fire of injuries . " Bard . —Th © question , then , Lord Hastings , standeth thus;—Whether our present five and twenty thousand May hold up head without Northumberland . " Hast . —With him , we may . " Bard . —Aye , marry , there ' s the point ; But if without him we be thought too feeble , My judgment is , w « should not step too far Till we had his assistance by the hand : For , in a theme so bloody-fas'd as this , Conjecture , expectation , and surmise Of aids uncertain , should not be admitted .
" Arch . —Tis very true , Lord Bardolph ; for , indeed , It was young Hotspur ' s case at Shrewsbury . " Bard . —It was , my Lord ; who lined himself with hope , Eating the air on promise of supply , Flattering himself with prospect of a power Much smaller than the smallest of his thoughts ; And so , with great imagination , Proper to madmen , led his powers to death , And , winking , leap'd into destruction . " Hast . —But , by your leave , it never yet did hurt , To lay down likelihoods , and forms of hope . 41
Bard . —Yes , in this present quality of war ;—Indeed the instant action , ( a cause on foot ) Lives so in hopes , as in an early spring We see the appearing buds ; which , to prove fruit , Hope gives not so much warrant , as despair ; That frosts will bite them . When we mean to build , We first survey the plot , then draw the model ; And when we see the figure of tbe house , Then must we rate the cost of the erection : Which if we find outweighs ability , What do we then , but draw anew the model In fewer offic s ; or , at least , desist To build at all ? Mnch more , in this great work , ( Which is , almost , to pluck a kingdom down , And set another up , ) should we survey
The plot of situation , and tbe model ; Consent upon a sure foundation ; Question surveyors , kuow our own estate , How able such a work to undergo , To weigh against his opposite ; or else , We fortify in paper , and in figures , 'Rising the names of men , 'instead of men : Like one , that draws the model of a house Beyond his power to build it ; who , half through , Gives o ' er and leaves his part-created cost A naked subject to the weeping clouds , And waste for churlish winter ' s tyranny . " Hast . —Grant that our hopes ( yet likely of fair birth ) , Should be still born , and that we now possess'd The utmost man of expectation ;
I think , we are a body strong enouph , Even as we are , to equal with tbe King . '' Bard . —What ! is the King but five and twenty thousand . " " Hast . —To us , no more ; nay , not so much , Lord Bardolph For his divisions , as the times do brawl . Arc in three hearts . one power against the French , And one against Gleudower ; perforce , a third Must take up us : so is the unfirm King In three divided ; and his coffvrs sound With hollow poverty and emptiness . " Arch . —That he should dsaw his several strengths together , And come against us in full puissance , Need not be dreaded .
" Hast . —If he should do so , He leaves his back unarm'd . the French and Welsh Baying him at his heels : never fear that " Bard . —Who , is it like , should lead his forces hither ? " Hast—The Duke of Lancaster and Westmoreland ; Against the Welsh , himself , and Harry Monmouth : But who is substituted ' gainst the French , I have no certain notice . " Arch . —Let us on ; And publish the occasion of our arms . " Mowb . —Shall we go draw our numbers , and set on ? " Hast . —We are time's subjects , and time bids be gone . " " You call honourable boldness impudent sauciness : if a man will make curt ' sy , and say nothing , he is virtuous !"
" Are these things , then , necessities ? Then let us meet them like necessities . " "Arch . —I have in equal balance justly weigh'd What wrongs our arms my do , what wrongs we suffer And fiud our griefs greater than our offences . We see which way the stream of time doth run , And are enfore'd from our most quiet sphere By the rough torrent of occasion : And have the summary of all our griefs , W hen time shall serve , to shew in articles ; Which , long ere this , we offer'd to the kiag ,
And might by no suit gain our audience : When we are wrong'd , and would unfold our griefs , We are denied access unto his person , Even by those men , that most have done us wrong . The dangers of the days but newly gone , ( Whose memory is written on the earth With yet appearing blood ) and tbe examples Of every minute ' s instance , ( present now ) Have put us in these ill-beseeming arms : Not to break peace , or any branch of . it , But to establish here a peace indeed , Concurring both in name and quality .
" fPest . ~~ Whenever yet was your appeal denied ? Wherein have you been galled by the King ? What peer hath been suborn'd to grate on you ? That you should seal this lawless , bloody book Of forg'd rebellion with a seal divine , And consecrate commotion ' s bitter edge ? " Arch . —My brother General , the commonwealth , To brother born an household cruelty , I make my quarrel in particular . " West . —There is no need of any such redress ; Or , if there were , it not belongs to you . " Mowb . —Why not to bim , in part ; and to us all , That feel the bruises of the days before ; And sutler the conditions of these times To lay a heavy and unequal hand "Upon our honours ?
" Arch . —Good , my Lord of Lancaster , I am not here against your father ' s peace : But , as I told my Lord of Westmoreland , The time misorder'd doth , in common sense , Crowd us , and crush us , to this monstrous form , To hold our safety up . I sent your Grace The parcels and particulars of our grief ; The which hath been with scorn eheved from the court , Whereon this Hydra son of war is . bora : Wnose dangerous eyes may well be charm'd asleep , With grant of our most just and right desires . " Mowb . —If not , wo ready are to try our fortunes To the last man . . " Hast . —And though we here fall down , We have supplies to second our attempt ; If they miscarry , theirs shall second them : And so success of mischief shall be born ; And heir from heir shall hold this quarrel up , Whiles England shall have generation . "
" O , that might should thus overcome right ! Well ; of sufferance comes ease . " Second Part of Henry IF
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on ? hf ™ ° Ga 0 ? J ^ -At the battle of Ratisbou p £ L 1 W ^ ^ . " ? dreadfully wounded by a ? nf anV ^ lJ a' , cneto n" * yto Bit . The surgeon cut , and carved , and paired away not less thau foux or five pounds of flesh ; in short , tne . tvhole was gonet StrN to ° V « Pre ^™ of theVicomte de Jodelet . Now , before that wound , this officer was five feet high , at most ; after his cure he measured six . People did not know him again . Ho had to tell his name to all his former acquaintance * for , not only had he grown so much taller , but he had filled out in proportion . Few men are so tall and stout as he became . I give this receipt for the benefit of all those who wish to increase their sta ture , and I guarantee its efficacy . Besides , it is not difficult of execution ; a cannon-ball , duly applied , ia sure to do the job . —Napier ' s Military Life .
The Guillotine and the Gallows . — I had rather be twice guillotined than once banged , and I speak on something approaching to experience . I have been within four yards of a man when hanged , and was convinced that , although the executioner committed no error , his sufferings were dreadful . He had large buttons on his coat , and the convulsive distortions of his body caused them to jingle together in manner horrible to the eye and to the ear ; nor was the latter , spared the deeply-drawn inspirations
and expirations of the dying man , which continued for Borne time . This brutal punishment was abolished in France daring the revolution , and substituted by the more humane , " though perhaps more awful one , decapitation by the guillotine , against which , however , a prejudice exists in England , which is not likel y to be got over , being founded on the national dislike to the shedding of human blood . Admitting that example is the end of capital punishment , nowever , that presented by the guillotine must be by far the most powerful . —Nimrod in France .
A novel Method op Smuggling . —Stepped out to the chemist to- prepare my poor stomach for the passage across the water next day . Returned . Hot rumpsteaks and brandy and water all round , till we all ( ladies- included ) forgot the troubles of the day ' s journey . "Good night ! " Went upstairs to my bed-room . Unlocked my trunk , and ; took out Boyer ' s French Dictionary , wbich I had purchased at a general shop in the New-cut , in case of accidents , lest I should be put to a nonplus for want of an interpreter in a foreign land . Shook out my pantaloon dress , and saw that my wig was not damaged by the journey . Got into bed tired to death both in body and mind . Said my prayers , and went to sleep till about five in the morning . The Dover chemist
had mistaken me for a horse . After a time roused my fellow-travellers to prepare for crossing the Channel in the steamer . At eight o ' clock I roused the rest of our party for breakfast , and to prepare for embarkation . Stomach failed me ; not so with my travelling companions . Got safe on board the steam-packet j our director in despair the moment he put his foot on deck , bolted irregularly to a berth , below , tied a dirty white handkerchief tight round his forehead , and looked like a patient of the Dreadnought at Greenwich . Sat myself quietly down on a bench , and watched an ingenious mode of our petty smuggling . A little French female , in a peasant ' s dress , with an English cloak on her arm made of what they call grey Bath coating , lined with pick
silk , and a hood and lining of the same colour , cama up to an English lady , who was seated near me , and smiling , said , "Madame , sHl vousplait , you will b * ver , vericold in de voyage ; I shall tie dis round about you neck" The lady was taken by surprise , aud seeing the French girl about to leave her , said , " But where are you to get your cloak again \ Thank you but take it . " The French girl replied , "Pardon , madame , he will keep you from de cold . Ven you get to your hotel a Calais , my friend , a lilt el girl , viii call on you , and say de name of Sofie , den you can return de cloak . Adieu , Madame ! " She then stepped smartly away , and presently I observed her at the other end of the vessel , with another grey cloak , seduce another English lady into her servioe in the same way . Before the packet left the harbour ,
I again saw her with a third cloak , and she went up the ladder , and was on the quay at Dover without it , crying"Bon . voyage ! Bon voyage ! " She had contrived to ship off three contraband articles , taking the chance of passing through the custom-house at Calais , and entirely trusting to the honesty of perfect strangers to regain , them , should the cloaks not be seized . Being worn by English ladies , however , they passed safely through . We had not long left Dover when a breeze sprung up , to the joy of the captain and crew , but death to all the passengers . Oh ! the heaving of the voyagers ! Not the slightest occasion for the stomach-pump , —especially for myself . The veterinary gentleman at Dover had provided against that although I went regularly
through every action and attitude , so much so , that the rest , who were really ill , and no mistake , thought I was making fun of them , particularly Columbine and her mother * who eat nearly opposite to me , only to the leeward . I . held tight by the arms of the bench , as I used to do in Mother Goose , for fear of being pitched forwarcU bo they had an excellent full view of my face WheRever they dared t « lift their heads up , and- see " Much ado about nothing " I made . My dreadful faces and noi&es set tbem off ten times worse than ever , and they held up their hands , and turned up the whites—uo , the yellows of their eyes , as much as to say , " For pity ' s sake , Barnes , don ' t doit again ! ' But Barnes couJd not help himself . — Barnes' ( the celebrated Pantaloon ) Journal .
Komilly's Meeting with his Wife . —Some miles from Bowood , Wilts , is the form of a . JKhite horse grotesquely cut out from the Downs ; ' " 5 nd forming a landmark ^ o a wide extent of country . To that object it is that I owe all the real happiness of my life . In the year 1796 I made a visit to Bowood . My dear Anne , who had been staying there some weeks with . 'h er father and her sisters , was about to leave it < The day fixed for their departure was the eve of that on which I arrived j and , if nothing had occurred to disappoint their purpose , I nevershouldhaveseenher . Butithappeuedthatonthe preceding day she was one of an equestrian party which was made to visit this curious object ; she overheated herself by the ride ; a violent cold and pain in the face was the consequence . Her father found it indispensably necessary to defer his journey for several days , and in the mean time I arrived . I saw in her the most beautiful and accomplished
creature that ever blessed the Bight and understanding of man . A most intelligent mind , an , uncommonly correct judgment , a lively imagination , a cheerful disposition , a noble aud generous way oi thinking , an elevation and heroism of character , and a warmth and tenderness of affection such as is rarely found even in her sex , were among her extraordinary endowments . I was captivated alike by the beauties of her person and the charms of her mind . A mutualattaehment was formed between us , which at the end of little more than a year was consecrated by marriage . All the happiness I have known in her beloved society , all the many and exquisite enjoyments which my dear children have afforded mo , even my extraordinary success in my profession , the -labours of which , if my life had not been so cheered and exhilarated , I never could have undergone—all are to be traced to this trivial cause —Life of Sir Samuel Romilly , written by himself .
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Russian Training . —It will be remembered that about ten years since a mysterious individual appeared suddenly in Bombay , calling himself Count Barowski—au accomplished horseman , swordsman , and draftsman—a universal linguist—withi the education , mannerSj and information of a gentleman and a traveller . He gave himself out as an exiled Polish nobleman , who had fought and been mined in the struggle with Russia ; and breathed a spirit of the loftiest resentment against everything Russian . This gentleman ' s character gave rise to much speculation at the time ; some considered him an impostor , others a spy , bat his manners and address procured him the entre into every society , and the spirit , the almost fierceness with which he resented one or two affronts ; preserved his footing . Though calling himself a ruined exile * he never arjn&axed to
want money ; he went about and saw everything mastered the language of the country , and under colour of a speculation in a silk firm he proceeded to Poona , where he soon naturalised himself in military society as he had done in Bombay , and saw all that was to be Been of our Government and military means . When he had concluded his observations he abandoned tbe silk speculation , returned to Bombay , and soon after went to Persia with the avowed intention , of offering his services against Russia . One or two years afterwards we hear of him as Colonel Barowski in the Persian service ?—later still he appeared as General Barowski heading and . wounded in- the assault on Herat . Finally , his full , apprenticeship served , we now see . &is name officially announced as Lieutenant-Qeneral Barowski , of the Russian army moving upon Khiva ; there is our text : the comment we leave to our readers , — Bombay Paper .
Climbing Boys . —A case was tried at the Glasgow Assizeeon Friday , last , which may afford some in * sight into the atrocions cruelty of which these children are the victims . In January last , Thomas Black , a master chimney-sweeper , had undertaken to , clear from mortar and rubbish the vents , fortytwo in number , of a new tenement in that city . John O'Neill , a rboy of about eight years of age , was sent for this purpose , in charge of a man n&mea Francis Hughes . The day was cold and wet , and the former was forced by threats and violence to ascend thirty-seven © f the vents in succession without rest or food , and being at length wholly exhausted , he stuck in . the thirty-eighth , and perished miserably of fatigue , cold , hunger , and suffocation . The unfeeling wretch , Hughes , has been found guilt of culp-vble homicide , and sentenced to eighteen months ' imprisonment .
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Citation
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Northern Star (1837-1852), May 23, 1840, page 7, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse.ac.uk/periodicals/ns/issues/king-y1kbzq92ze2685/page/7/
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