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iftn*%n ami ©omesto $nuiti$enct Srntgo tm&mtstU itounisenct
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. SO THE GLASGOW UNIVERSAL SUFFRAGE ASSOCIATION'.
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Note: This text has been automatically extracted via Optical Character Recognition (OCR) software. The text has not been manually corrected and should not be relied on to be an accurate representation of the item.
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mlaCKfiliftWMOUB T KEW 8 . Mi . CBbIES AKD LlEOTEIUHT PlTOKETT . — It b gratifying to find that the "Wigan" officers I 2 & the Chartists confined in oar castle are xsfon the very best terms . Mr . Bronterre O'Brien inters them by saying that they will be regular Chartists when they oome out , and Lieutenant plunkett laughingly retorts that he knows not so « reat a Tory as Mr . B . Few , -we think , will be disyosed to quarrel with this good understanding . By this means they lighten the punishment , which , althongh for Tery different offences , they have to ¦ Bdergo . —Lancaster Guardian . MaeB ^^
The Beickmaxkbs' Sibjke . —This strike , which commenced early in April , just when work was beginning , still" continnes . Several masters hare , however , reduced the size of the mould , and their B » en are actiTely at work . —Liverpool Albion . Sohk ExcEEDiSGLT old and rudely-formed print-Ing types have been discovered at Mayence , and it is supposed by the antiquaries of the place that they "belonged to some of the early printers , perhaps to furthz or Guttemberg . So gesebjll is besoming the use of organs in -parish churches , that there are at the present moment not fewer than six hundred being built at the TirioGS orgm . builders in London ,
Thb Bkilbt Geakqk Estate , near Wetherby , the property of the Lord Wenlock , was sold by Mr . George Robins last week , for sixty thousand guineas , Mr . Brown , the rich clothier , is the purchaser .
As ExTKAtmiNABY Bibth took place at Mr . Wombwell ' s menagerie , stationed at Derby , last week . One of the smallest class of monkeys , the Mannosette , produced three young ones , all in perfect health . Ikcekdu&t Fiee . —Sunday morning last , an attempt was made to burn the cider mills or Mr . John Yillar , at Southam ; the fire was fortunately discovered before it had made any progress . A reward of £ 50 has been offered for the apprehension of the offender ,
OXPOBB Haass ? . —When first we noticed the rise and progress of popery in the church , and its alliance with Toryism , we ventured to predict that it would toon become formidable , and obtain the ascendnes in the establishment . Our eor / j * eture has been ratified more speedily tfean we bad anticipated . Somerset Chronicle . : Mr . F . MATiHEWS y of Covent-Garden Theatre , met with a shocking accident on Mb return to town on Wednesday evening , from the ra He was drivmg a four-wheeled chaise , whc . ? neighbourhood of Gapfeam , his herse : o . k : ; . t , bis chairs ¦ was overturned , and ke war : irov :. irom Ms seat . Both his legs were 'dread ; uUy iujured ; and we regret to add that he is in a very precarious state
Tivestos—LvcENWiKisic—Friday morning more farm premises were set on fire belonging to Mr . Teysey , at Cotton THage , in the parish . « f Rackenford , when the whole of the barns , stables , and outkouses , were destroyed . Much suspicion is excited against a servant girl , who will , it is understood , be examined by the magistrates on the Eu ^ ject . Dcbisg the awful CKBEMOifY of the capital punishment of death on Templeman , for the murder < rf his wife , at < Jlas ? ow , on Tuesday week , its wefficacy as a warning to others was practically demonstrated , feyithe police being engaged in taking into custody twe ^ nvenile pickpockets , caught in the &et amongst the crowd assembled 3 o witness the ceremony .
Shockihc BatTH . —A poor ma » , of the name of Samuel Jackson , in the employ of Kr . J . C . Barton , coach-proprietary had been looking after some horses that ha « Lgotthe glanders , a » £ , straDge to say , eangbt-tte-ABttBe , which terminated in his death . Indeed , 8 respectable surgeon sard there is no cure fortheooatplaatwhenit attackst&e human frame . The poor sac-las left a wife and four children to ¦ ourn his loss . —Staffordshire Examiner .
Ok ScsRST Mousing a large portion of thef urae on Cebfeam 'Gammon , in Surrey , -was discovered te De oa ire , « sd by night upwards «« f 100 acres were destroyed . ^ e conflagration continued to extend <» * p » d ^ y «« id great fears were ^ atertained lest tire whole « 'tk » broahwo £ » d on tte- extensive eommoc £ ^ i < testro ? SeveraUSree . have recent ^ - tikeo | » l * ce « a neighbouring ooBunons , and ashen time sioce »« less than five were * iistinctly visible ta ess a ^ bi .
Tntaapwa of tie death « f < ihe King of Ptbg-?* > S *** " ^ la st , and soppesed to be correct xtomtke circumstance of the iwwb having been oast-» unieated-fey telegraph to tbeHRrench Government , was prematere . The latest ooernts bring a fawerable report of the state of his Majesty ' s health . DBggr . m 3 XG the SwAiaews . —An Irvine <« rrespondenfc mentions that hundreds of deadswattevrs wereto be-seen lying on the aoad sides , and by the hanky of toe Irvine and Garoook , The cause of * tis . » ori * fa » y janong onr swiifc-winged visitors the writer * $ t * ntes to the waat $ « bod , ihe severe <* ld : ^ &g& 32 l&lggi £ s £ 1 &
Pb * gbes £ < of Total Abshmke ih Colchmbms . —Tfeomas Smfteton , the Ipewkfc and Suffolk ageat fir theSJewiBritish Aesocateonrfbr the Suppression of lateaapewnee , has this wash delivered several Jat * westo- « rowded audieaoeeiin Colchester , fie ¦ w » = 4 kt « nad to with eteep u » i » eet , and kia appwds to flS judgment of his hearerBiave beenatUa ^ d jrak grvalsBeeess , upwards « fiKty individuals ha 7-ag « igned ike pledge . "We umde » ctand there are mew «*» bundrrf members of theseeiety in this towa . Ipmo * h ; Ex * tess .
, &HSBAL Beitiuxd has written to the Muwf' pjm of . Paris to offer to it the dressine-eaee rt ^ olvcr gilt fittings , whwhihe Emperor Na ^ cieax ^ ATe hdc at Fontaineblaa $ . immediately p «< e t& « wy to Maj £ epartare for Elba , ' and which he bad MwioaUy ased in most of hk . campaigns , partiocanj at Austerlitz , Ulm , Jeaa , £ Sylau , and M « ot-» iaiL The ^ aift has been aoo ^ ted with all due * ekBOwie 4 £ meats , and is to be -deposited in the oof baSCngs of the Hotel de Yillc .
HaasiD Mxaanz& . —On Friday f last , a labouring ¦ » * ' CoombiPyne , near Dorekocter , murdered his wife m a-field in . that parish with * shovel . The man fi « for some time , T > ast been labonri ^ g under insanity , tat tfee parish * f * Coomb Pyne otetnately refnsed to place kim nnder . testraint from a ¦ tstaken notion of economy in the , parish expenditure . An inquest fias been keld on tie body and a wrdiet of Wilful Murder" returaed against the sue , who has been comasted to take&is trial .
The T&AFxi&tz , —The interest wtich vessels of fne magnitude of the Trafalgar , at jsesent buildine m « ooiwich Dockyard , excite ia the minds of the public kdeh , that ' . t correct acconat * f her dimenaGnsmtst proTe . acceptable , all the . previous de-Bffiptioiis being erroneous : —Length , af gun deck , fb feet 5 aaches jie ^ for tonnage , 17 * feet 6 inchesbreadth mitme ; i 3 * 5 eet 9 inches ^ decah of hold 23 teet 2 ia ^ e ^; burden , 2 , 702 tons , fcie will be launched m the month of February , 184 L The S 0 KJi 4 ji ( Mf for £ adbury took place , on Friday George Tomline , Esq .,. ( T « ry ) was propotad by Mr . ' W . B . Jonee , and eo other candidate appearing , the Mayor deviated him duly elected . Mr Jxm * 3 AclanA , toe Corn Law lecturer , was present , and & * d been talked of as a candidate . The new meauer , Mr Tomline . is * . grandson of the late Bisb . op . cf Winchester .
Mukdek or i ^ EJ ) W : * . ssell . —Tie valet , Benjamin Coarsoisier , we understand , has inaintained , since iaeaceeraiion in ^ Jewgate , the mast perfect composure a&i self-possession . He enjoy « jgood iealth , and whenever spokea to on the eubJACt of tiie mnrder of tte JLale Willuun Russell , is cost « irae ^ in his ded * ratiaa of innoeence . He ias cms of the tumfcejeiothe apartoeht in which be is confined , with him day and night ^ nd although a Bias t fitrict watch has been kept over kyn , no appearaaes « f disturbed dr ^ zme has been discovered , his sleep edng perfectly cala a « d sound .
Fbabce . —In ibe Hoctse of Peers , * n Saturday , the « poleon Testimoaial Bill was carded , with three « weBtient votes . In the Chamber « f Deputies the wars clauses of the ordinary senace of Public ?'< ** s "were voted , and tfce war bndj ^ t was intro-2 * fie « i soae small items were cut oit \ but nothing *« 9 anportance had taken place wkan the mail - Ascbscriptioh has been net afloat , at Salisbury , " ^ t fcr the purpose of paying the fin * inflicted ???? ™ , C 3 eETe » ° T tlie Jadfie who tried his ease *• £ * tHd BaUey .. Wehave made some obsonrations © Bilr . Ciawre ' s ease ; and we are eertain thai when w readett * ome to peruse the prooeedingB in the fif w ^ ' HeYWW > d » ¦* SaliordTtheyliriU feel * w Jtfr . Claar * is aa exceedingly ill-used individual , * M ttat they srill evince their detestation of the ponahmeni inflkted on him by subscribing to the "bo . —Dispatch ,
So tctdk ik Eockdaie LocKUP . —On-= Wednesday ¦ wm ing , the keeper of the Rochdale lockup , went ttto onaof th « « eJ& . -to take breakfiust to a young « a named Edmoni Bigg , who was confined on a ^ Tge of aEsaulfejriiB parents , when he found the P ™ ° Ber suspended OTer the door . He had tied his « ocfang 8 together , node a noose , and tied one end » ° oneof ti , agudgeons el the door . He was quite «* u when found . He was a young "man of very « seolute character , aod had only been a few days 7 \ ° * the New Bailey , where he was confined for a ¦¦ uw offence , —Manchester Guardian .
Thb people op Limerick are maddened by star-?» 4 » aad have been committing acts of violence wmea have been ehecked with some difi ^ enlty by a f ** « horae , foot , and artillery . " Whati com-*« W > le oondiden the oountry « in . Twenty-five J ^ ai of ^ eace , a&d ten years of RefonnlBg Govern-^ t ; » nd yet the people still in a state of starvation . ir £ tv ^ ths * & w boffbug have an en&h-World iuublm papert , *"
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LATEST FROM CHINA .
The Times has received an extraordinary express , which left Bombay on the 30 th April . According to that , the troops to form the expedition against China were embarked at Madras on the 16 th of April , on the John Adam , Rustomsjee and Cowajee , without a single accident . The news from Canton is of March 13 . It repeats the statement th&t an order of the Emperor for Buspending trade with all foreign nations , without exception , reached Canton on the 12 th of February . The Emperor , moreover , ordered Commissioner Lin to give effect to that interdict , without referring to the Government at Pekin .
Attempts to burn the British shipping were directed against those lying in Toongkoo Bay , but they failed completely . Many Chinese families were leaving Macao . Aspirit of discontent and rebellion prevailed among th « -1 nEa \ itants of Pekin and of the second capital Monkdea . It has excited much alarm , and several of the Mandarins have been degraded for having neglected to seize the criminals . ATTEMPT OF THE CHINESE TO BURN THE BRITISH FLEET IN TOONGKOO ISA Y .
About ten o ' clock , on Friday morning , two email junks were observed to arrive among the shipping m Toongkoo Bay . About half-past one on Saturday morning , they were observed coming from the eastern ead of the bay in flames , but the wind being too southerly they drifted inBhore of the shipping through the mass of small Chinese boats and foreign schooners : one touched the Devil schooner , and set fire to her forward , bnt the crew succeeded in extinguishing the fire with the loss of the jib and damage to the bowsprit . Those junks , or rafts , w filled with all kinds of combustibles , cotton , on * bamboo guns , or rather tubesmounted in
seve-, ral tiers , that threw out fire balls as the fire reached them . Some of the ships slipped their cables , aud the Coicasjee Famil y waB aground , for a few hours , but withont recei-riT-g any damage . It is the opinion of an experienced eye-witness that had there been twenty such junks chained together , the shipping would have been greatly injured . This abortive attempt , however , haa had the good eiRct of awakening the captain ? and officers of the ships to the danger to which they are exposed , and they are therefor * more on the alert ; several have Bent sails , shifted their berths , and got springs on their cables .
Since writing the above we have been told another attempt was made to burn the fleet on the succeeding night , but , from some HoknowB cause , waa not persevered in . —Canton Register , March 3 . On Friday night , the 8 ih of February , at about ten o clock , two junks on fire , to which a number of small « boats , filled with combustibles , were attached , were seen to drift towards the shipping from the C&j-sing-moon passage , feut the wind and tide earned them clear of the shipping , nearer in shore , among a number of small Chinese boats , some or which t « hear were burnt . The only damage s * stainod was by the schooner Devil having her jib and bowsprit set on fire , which was , however , sooa « xtingsisbed , and bv the Cevasjee Family , in sh ^ piag her cable to avoid the fire ships , having got gremed , boX > got off again without sustaining any OKBage .
w-e near that the boats < ff her Majesty ' s shiptofczpi were employed in towing these fire ships out-of the liae of danger . They komt out , after having 'Mfted en shore without explosion , though , it is saidi , they wwe filled withbambees stuffed with gunptwder , broken glass , small stoaes , &c . On the foBowiiig tight another atteapt at firing the fleet was made , out without sucoess . ( The tide on Friday njght was ^• ery low , and the weather fine , two cireeastances much in favour of the fleet , which might'kave suffered considerably bad the attempt of * ks Chinese been on a larger soale and better managed . As it is , however , this first trial will but * o « likely be | followed by otibers , which may possibly be more I dangerous , tbc Ojinese from exfrertooce being ; enabled to give a ticer direction to thsir fireships ; i and it is hardly accessary in us to recommend the greatest vigilaace ^ Ccm / o / i Press , March 7 .
INDIA . The following « -ea : tract , which we kike from the Agra Ukhbar < ef April 18 , is the meat important item of intelligBmee relating to India-. — " Letters hawksen received fr * m- £ ir Alexander Barnes , asserting that a Russian araiy of 24 , 000 cavalry and infantry , with seveatj ? jf > iece 8 of artillery , arrived atEKhiva , and ane making every arrangement € on their onward pregress to Bokhara . Sir Alexander . places implicit reiiaaes on this , and strongly urg « e > tb » t , should it prove true , a British armv should paa&the Hindoo C&ocaass . Despatches to this effeel b *? e gone down to < the
Governor-? - General , an 4 it ia conjectured that , ae a first step , an army of observation , consisting of rfocr regiments of infantry , oaeareganent of cavalry , and some artillery , will be formed . "There is a > very current a » d <« iu « h credited report , that herAlajcstj ' g 9 th Regiswnt , at present * t Agra , the £ lfc ^ d 1 st C *** fey , *»! - *¦• «* tU corps , will proceed to the westwand ; and as the intention of shading them appears to have been formed before what is mentioned above had transpired , theiinference is that relief was contemplated . Adittle time will , ikowever , relieve the suspense -af vihe troops in Asgb&oistan , if not themselves . "Shah S Wah was to leave JulLtUbad for Cabool on the 20 thHam ^"
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Death of Pagantxi . —This celebrated violinist died at Nice , onithe 27 th of May , after a lingering illness . He fcae left one Bon , vrh * . inherits a large fortune . Pag&oici ' g remains were « abalmed , to be removed to Genoa , his native towiLjfor interment . The most wondeafal performer of tke » violin has been taken from the lousical world . He had hosts of imitators , but not one rival . He carried execution on the fiddle feeyecd any former or « : bsequent performer , and his ^ almost demoniac feats of dexterity were only eqtt&lled by his tonching 4 one , beautiful expression , impassioned feeling , and correct intonation . His composition partook of < his unearthly
appearance ; hie ^ tyle was " sad by £ ts , by starts was wild . " His britches' dance was incomparably grotesque , eceeutrit , and true withal , and never did vielin weep soeh-strains as his "JSel cor piu . " Paganini was avaridous , and little to be depended on in worldly affairs ; but some fits of . generosity by which he was impelled have astonished . aven himself . tHe would never , it is said , forgive himself for the , gift of 20 , 000 francs to Berlioz , whomii 9 styled the 4 aodern Beethoven . He was engaged in the Casino Speculation in Park , but took fright and . abandoned it , for which heavy damages were awarded against bin , the payment of -which he avoided by ihis return U . Italy , where he died .
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Jftsx of Glasgow , —4 t ia now near twelveznonths since . I kadthe honour t £ appearing before jisu , and sinoeytbat time there has . been a great change in the political world . Twice hae . the storm of Whig persecution mapt over the land . ; twice has our hoafc -been assailetby ex-offidot , indiatoents , and bail-bonds , and tsriee have our gaols been filied with victims to Whig tyranny said misrule . For a time political prosecutions are suspended , &&d the Btaadvd of religions intolerance is now uaforled , not for relirf . oo ' s take , but in order te
catch those political leaders wfo * bad hitherto escaped through the meshes of " sedition , privy conspiracy , and rebellksE . " Where are the kx » who addressed you in June last ? Frost , a victim U « pies and traitors , is now on the sride waste of waten , an exile from his native land . Where is O'Connor *—tn the prison cells of York . Wheee are O'Brien and Bkfaardson ?—In the dungeons of her Majesty ' s gaol at Lancaster . Where ig honest Johs Collins ?—Immured in Warrick g&al -vrith the patriot Lovett Where ia Bussey ? In America ! Such is o « r positions—the men you cheered in jjijse last are now uicarcerated in cheertess dungeons ,
peaecuted by their eefimies and deserted by their fria&ds . But enough . "Stands Scotland where it did ?" Ob i treimble for the answer ? Ah ! no . Thoogh your leadeni have escaped the wrath of political persecution , I see a cloud gathering in the South ; it crowes your border land ; it gradually spreads itself over yonr mount ? iiM , your lakts , and jout pleasant valley * . It will descend gently upon you ; and , before you are aware , the fair land of Scotia will be blasted with a | rwarm of Anglo-Bourbon gens dormerUpottc&tpiee , wretches , teaiton , and informers-Then , will Scotland feel the weight of that tyranny which the Edinbugh Whig economists proposed for and iaflicted upon unhappy Englaad-Hhen will come the time when the wgMt- ef persecution . will spread itself
amongst you—when the Highland peasant will no longer sleep secure within his unbarred door—when the honest citizen , of Glasgow will not speak to his neighbour of the wrongi he and his fellow-citizens are compelled to endure , fearful that his neighbour is a spy , ready to twist an honest expression of opinion into vile sedition —when soirees , public meetings , and private gossips , will be construed into " dangerous conspiracies , against our Sovereign Lady the Queen , her power and dignity , "when Total Abstinence processions and societies will be considered as a " levying war" against the revenue of the country—when every leader of the people will be honoured by a body guard of policemen ( as they have been in England ) walking openly or undisguised before his door night and d » y— -when yonr people -will be slaugh-
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tered in open day by the pistols , cutlatses , or bludgeons of hired ruffians—when yonr courts of law will be polluted by the pestilential breath of hired witnesses , trained by their base employers ( the humble instruments of Tyranny ) to swear away the lives and liberties of Political offenders—when your Railways , your highroads , and your bye-roads , will be erected round your towns , and police stations , every -where like plague spots , curse the face of your country ; nay , every cross-road , every Highland pass , every packet station , every coach-office door , every ferry-house , will be watched by pens d ' armerie ; no movement , private , public , political , or religious will take place , but under the surveillance of these bands of police spies ; aud I shall not oyerstretch my prophetic warning by at once ^^ r ^^ . . ^ , ^^
predicting that the armed forts at Edinburgh , Dumbarton , Stirling , and Fortwilliam , guaranteed to Scotland by the articles of the Union , will be in the power of these gens d ' armerie . The Tower of London , and the dock yards of England , are already filled with them , in order that the soldiers , whose duty was formerly to guard them , may be sent abroad . Our towns are swarming with hordes of these police locusts , devouring up the local rates levied upon the inhabitants , against the constitutional law of the country . They are generally men f the lowest and most degraded character , too idle to work , and too cowardly to enlist into the army ; over them are placed sergeants and corporalB ; above them , inspectors and superintendents . These officers are generally old pensioners retired , and half pay officers , persons competent to drill and train the " force . "
as the Anglo-Bourbon demi-military police are called . Our precious county magistrates , the vile creatures of the Whigs , created by them during the law few years , for the purpose ef enforcing the hellish New Poor Law upon the people of England , have been doing the dirty work of their masteja , by . carrying into effect the Rural Police scheme ; and now ,, in the most retired and peaceable rural districts of Old England , may be seen the " gentiemen" in blue , with white . c « tton gloves upon their hands , sauntering along at an idie pace , with stiff necks , and pigeon-bwasts .
a-la-millitain , and scientifically concealed in the tail of their coats a monstrous bludgeon , to break the heads of apple-stealing urchins , and belabour the carcases of poachers and wood-stealers . It may be said that such employment would be useful -, but that is not their proper employment The object of the inventors and creators of this " force" was originally , and is now , to strengthen the power of Government , and enable them to put down for ever the people of Great Britain , and effectually destroy their aacient constitutional rights amd privileges by establishing a military despotism « poa the ruins of their ancient liberties . .
Many persons may smile at the idea Qf"CeasBtational liberties . " Socn persons can have bo kaowtoAge of fixed principles of ^ tovernment I am fully convinced that the fixad principles which we fi » 4 existing in thej spirit tf the English law , cannot for a moment mtoa into any ne&snre ¦ calculated to prwiMte despotism ev in in the smaltest-degree . The G « vernment of England b a 'Government of the law ; aad toe low relies upon the peaple < for ** pport , ( and not upon the aid of a mercesary force . A standing army ia » t oirfcnes incompatible -wlth-tba law * and free institutions of the country , and cannot be allowed to exist ^ rtthoat the authority «« t 'Parliament . Such h
the sta-ict -letter of the ConstUotion , owe tod reeord « djj in «« rlaw'fecoks , and to tbistfcour is ^ the very existence ^] of Qie ^ enny dependent upon ihe will -of * Parliament , ! -vrtach ^ eiuctsalaw , from year to .-yeer , ii niaintakitbe army > Sa its plenitud *« of powtr . So tar it thste principle > rf the Constitution pressured ; and shodd tiie people speedily obtain a Radical Reform of Ike Commons' H # use , th « any would cease to exist , Vecaose « Sou 8 e created by the whole people mustwataally depend upon » fee people for support / end mat <« p 3 n an army of aired mercenaries . if ,-tfeert £ ore , the Commaae'have . fright to questioci , he pwjpriefc- of keeping up ^« n arjned military force ? we * re-stf isr -safe . If the Commons < b « ve the power te tax the peaple to pay such « n . « na « d lmilitary force , vmhzn tbe > C « oanon 8 are properly tkos * n they may vejy pro . the
perfc ^ siop Buppliec « ach < ki not the position of asfeimrelative to the ptiiee "ftte . " Here is m army «» atad by the magistracy . ; th « mselv « s created » ty the SecreUry of State for tfce purpose , of creating suchiamy , aad" 0 < 7 er this army the . Parliament have no >« ootrol , there kaing n » mutiny bill passed . srery year to « oatteie tfeaiit-eKlstence . The iMagistraoy do not dep « nd upon 4 fa « ^ l-3 f ^ iMBtt « rt ^»^ 7 # - j $ ^ ttHsrforce ; but lay their heads togfcthsr iniOe&eral S « sei « e , for the purpose of-taxing the whole of Hie inhabitat householders t £ the country , and thus extorting « Boa « rfrem the people to support an armedforceto buntrAewn and destrof every man who sballdareto raise * his voice against lacalaniLnatianaUyraany . Here , tiatn , are three vital principles of the British . Goastitu ' tioBidsstroyed .
EiMt , employing an organized armed force , over wkUh the Parliament > h » ve no immediate . control . Second , taxation wttbout representation . ; or , magistratoanot elected by the . people , and . over vwhem the people have no control , taxing the people ^ without them consent . Third , subversion of tthe ancient county p # wer , and the « ivil authority of the sheriff and his pofise . cotnUattis , and Ais subordinate officers the petty oonitfthles , over woaffivthe people did exereise a control .
Stqp by step we are declining , and in tftreetaottnoes have 4 he Government su « e « ded In establishing , petty despotisms , in BihninghflBi , Bolton , and Manchester ; and these , too , military despotisms . To tke latterjplace the OoK-ernment have sect dawn Sir Charles Shaw , a Lieutenant-Colonel of the Queen of Spain ' * service . ; to this military chieftain is gitren the power of raising a " foroe , "' of drilling , training , arming , and commanding theox ; and , above all , thieJiberticidal Gorersuoent of ours have actually invested this Lieutenant-Colonel with the power of levying taxes upon the inhabitants-to malntaim ihis "force , " and pay this own salary . Jfay , more , his force have actually been employed in levying vi et armu . ( by f « rceof arms ) upx » the church warden . « t the parish , because he would aot pay away the poorrates to support this idle , useless , and unconstitutional " force . " '
Men of Glasgow , this is no idie tale ; here are extracts from Rarliamentary papers to corroborate my statement I insert them as a specimen of the doings of this splendid centralization system , and I hope your sagacity and caution will be exercised to prevent , as far as possible , suck a system from being established in your town . The first return exhibits the total amount of ths police force established , distinguishing the stveral ranks and their numbers , and the pay of allowances ef each rank . There is added a eolnmn , exhibiting the total amount of pay to each rank : —
Totals . £ . 8 . £ . n ., 1 Chief Commissioner , per annum ... 7 oo O ... 700 9 I Receiver ... ditto .. 250 0 ... 250 To 1 Chief Clerk ... ditto ... 200 0 ... 2 D 0 0 1 Surgeon ... ditto ... 5 » 0 ... £ 0 0 1 Chief Superintendent ditto ... 260 0 ... 260 0 4 Superintendents , each ditto ... 180 0 * 790 0 8 Inspectors , each ditto ... 100 0 ... 800 0 4 Sttb-Inspectore , each per week ... l 10 ... 312 0 13 Superior Sergeants ditto ... l 5 ... 885 0 31 Sergeants ditto ... l 1 1692 12 295 Police Constables ditto ... 0 17 6015 0 360 £ 10954 12 * £ 70 per annum additional allowed to one of then for attending at the Borough Court The above is the average number of constables and officers for the six months , commencing on the 17 th October , 1839 , and ending on the 17 th April , 1840 .. The next is an estimate of the expenses to be incurred in the maintenance of the force in 1841 : Ordinary expenditure : £ . t . d , Chief Commissioner ( per annum ) ,.. ... 700 0 0 Receiver ( treasurer ) 250 , Q . 0 Clerk ... : ... 200 0 0 Superintendents 990 0 0 Inspectors , Sergeants , and Constables , ... 20160 0 0 Clothing > 2700 Q t Remt and taxes for police premises . ... 400 0 0 Coals ... ... 150 t > 0 Gaslights ... 200 0 0 Medical attendance and medicine fox police and prisoners in lock-ups ...... 100 0 0 Law charges ... ... 50 0 0 Printing and stationery ... ... ... 150 0 0 Stable expenditure 50 0 0 Use of police van 150 0 0 Incidental charges ... 300 0 0 Superintendent ' s contingencies , including oil for policemen ' s lamps , Ac 200 0 0 Extraordinary expenditure : For outstanding engagement * for the alterations of the police lock-ups , and for repairs , &c , 250 0 0 £ 26 , 990 0 0
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These are two statements of the number of police , t mdthe expense of them in one town . Let me now t extend this system throughout Britain , taking the population of Manchester and the population of the whole island aa thV standard of computation . I find that if it will require 360 policemen to keep down the people of Manchester , it will , by the same rule , require 28 , 000 tomle over Great Britain ; and if it cwt £ 26 , 990 to support these 360 pelicemen , it will cost the country £ 2 , 133 , 333 , or , in otker words , additional taxes must belaid upon the shoulders of the people , to support thifl hellish French system of spy police . Whilst the political economists on the one hand are torturing the unfortunate poor in the Poor Law feas- tiles , and pinching the bellies of the humble suppli- cants for relief , for the avowed purpose of saving the pockets of the rate-payers , and " preventing the esfaiM of the rich from being eaten up , " on the other haro ^ they are fattening a herd of police locusts , to enfr ^ their damnable Poor iav , by compelling the peor ^ ^ liva upon a » coarser kind of food , " and forcing t jtam to obey the powers that be , under the penalty 01 todlct . ments , convictions , imprisonments , and tor ' nu * We are a doomed nation . "Alas ! poor country , almost afraid to Jr d 0 W &erBelf * * ¦ *¦ ¦• * * * . ? . " " Each newmarn , new widows howl , MWorphans cry , "New sorrows strike heaven upon thefooe . " The worst is yet to come ; the . m % ix > n to g ^^ going to decay , and as the peo ^^ poorer and poorer , their complaints will I teuder ^ loud and m proportion as theycon iplaln > toore vahB soldiere wiU be created and new tar ea ^^ 0 . ^ ^^^ rttto rf ^ .
f ?« m T < r aPr ^ «• y ° « WW of the ^ ff ^ ' t ' Tirci ^ tare 8 ded «^ ^ pomtof agitation , w trmmttmi form Bodetiesin every distort m & ^^^ k-ep your eye npon ^ police now being ir iixoAn < xA among 8 t you > Md ^^ all avoid secrecy , ^ f M it ,, | a mmb ^^ ^ Uiespy w « rkB . ^ / oa . hat » th « Bpysystem olil « ch ^ iond ' ^ iS- ^ T * - ^^ * * P «> by it ^ b ^ e powerful . I ' Jo most fetv « ntly hope thafc . ^ laqgow wiU take the lwd in a weW-orgauized movement The extraordinar y ^ ^ ch Scotchmen observe in all their aotioi ^ ^ be ^ sufficient guamntee ty the excellence , ofMiymeaattfes ^ hey may deliberately propose . * jivemtsare stealing ^ pon the nation that will forther -aoy steady ntovementi ; and I have TO «* wn to doubt the ssccess of any plan that the Universal Suffrage Aswdation et "GHasgow \ m suggest to lie people
, drew Britain . la conclusion , allow me to , fbggest tb * t sb « ld yeu decide upo ^ any fixed plan , decide at t ' ie saMettase what you intendlto commence operations , Jiving * month from the day \ of pubUcationifoi the people i » prepare themselves to work along ytiOt you . Me « «(* Glasgow , twelve months ago this day I was witfcyorin your « ity , now I am with yo » ia < . . „ J ^ VINDICATOR . Aon-6 tti , ( MW . . •• ' ¦ - > n i
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B * \ t t * J ' 1 ¦ \ ¦ * e end of the first year every cbiid in the village of fliat age vas sent to the schooL ^ Hew , hear . ) Before the end of the second year snch - were the extraordinary cesulta prodnced npdn the infant mind by th « n « w system of tiaining and ef governing , that the parents themselves eame to me ' & petition that I would allow their chUdren o £ thirt een and fourteen months to be introduced , as they fjund m muca advantagefrom those that had been intr'j a ' nced ; at two years of age . ( Hear , hear . ) ^ That ach ^ l was carried to comparatively a high Btate of perfec ^ on : it attracted the attention of the reflecting pr ^ of the higher members of society . Among othjjM , Lord Brongham saw it ; and when he ™^ >* . the effects wbioh were produced , he said , Mr ° , if you will tnly supply us with a master , ( 8 Q ^ .. ^^_^ . : _ . „ .
1 1 ( flj erec ^ a aimiiju . s ^ qqi £ >„ ag the infant so ^ yol Bystem goes ) in Westminster . " I said I am ** , j * y to give you the master that ia here—he was a / lain simple -weaver who knew nething of the principle , Buthaia great love for children , and patience with them without end . He was , therefore , the very man that I wished—the man that could govern by affection lather than by force . The name of this individual , who was the first master , was Buchanan . He is still the same Blmple-hearted man , knowing , perhaps , no more about the principles now than he did at first We had before he left trained some of the older scholars that were in the other school to be very superior , as masters , for the infant school ; and found that it was impossible t » get a good schoolmaster beyond the age of sixteen or
seventeen years . The old schoolmasters had imbibed the old notions ef the world , and they eonld not readily get rid ef those old notions , and adopt those which were entirely new . The school was accordingly established in Westminster , and Mr . Wilderspin taught that school frequently ; and many » f the benevolent individuals in London built the third infant school , I think it waa in Bricklane , in Spitalfields , and Mr . Wilderspin was the third master in that school . ( Hear hear . ) He never saw the first s « hopl , and had no idea of the state of perfection to which it had attained . But who commenced those schools is of no consequence . These are mere matters of history that vriH be related at som « Ume or olher , and when no individual will think of claiwing any honors or rights for anythinK he
or she may have done . ( Cries of hear , hear , hear . ) The tltae for individualism is , I rejoice to know , coming to an end ; and there wili be no disputes about wko did this or -who did that , provided the good be done . ( . Hear , kear . ) Toe ; infant schools have since been adopted by what may be termed the sectarian parties in society , anrt each of them have framed them with a view of the children being instructed in their sectarian notions . They are very different schools to the one which I established , and * very different from what future rational infant schools will be . The principle of the infant school which I established was that the children should be taught by facts , by the objects themselves , when practicable ; if impracticable , by models or paintings ; for I discovered by close
observation that it was useless to give infants and children words withcut at the same time giving them ideas . When they had the ideas first , aud then heard the names , they had notions correctly imprimted on their minds : but when they had the words only without the objects or the ideas , their minds became , as almost all minds have been hitherto , quite c « nfused with words without any clear ideas . ( Hear , hear . ) I might mention , as an interesting part of this portion of the subject , that three of Buchanan ' s children , who were infants when the school commenced at New Lanark , received their infant education there , and were sent two or three years ago to South Africa : waA I had the delightful intelligence given me some time ago , that they had opened several hundred infant schools in
South Africa ; and that these three children trained orSgiaally at Now Lanark in the first infant school , delighted every eoe ; all speak of them almost as angels sent amongst them to do them good , and to teach them nothing that was wrong or evil . ( Applause . ^ Well , my friends , the next part of the subject I think relates to " national education in Prussia . " Shortly after this period I became well acquainted with Baron Jacobe , the then ambassador of Prussia to this country . I had previomsly published four essays on the "Formatiom of character , " and relative to the new view of society , which view we have sow before us ( referring to the painted plan of the " New Moral World " which forms tfceback of the stage ) . I gave the outline of what I conceived to be the best system of national education
at that tinie for our country , or for any other country . I bad previously offered the same to our ewn Government . I had communicated personally with the late Lord Liverpool when He xpsiPrifne Minister , and with his first wife , Lady Liverpool , b ^ th of them extremely ^ eU-intentioned individuals . They were delighted with the plans . They said I found fault with all that was ; tout they also said " I wish , Mr . Owen , that all our opponents would oppose us in the same manner , and with the same spirit that you ; have done . ( Hear , hear . ) You tell us of , our errors—of our faults—but y < m tell us of them in . the genuine spirit of charity , and with a desire that improvements should take place withsut irritation or anger or ill will . ( Hear . ) That Administration would have adopted the national system
of education , which I recommended ; but they said " Wo cannot do it ; the power of the church is to be opposed to any change . ( Hear , hear . ) At that period there was no public education to teach the children of the poor to read , much less to write ; and it was only by givinggrea ^ eu ^ ou ^ EweiBent in the 'first instance to JK . lira&wr ; wh # $ ^ i ^^ Interests , that ihe ghititon of the poor were first taught to read , and it was a severe battle which he had to fight with th « powers of society to induce them to allow the children of the poor to learn to read their BiUes , "ias they said . We had then a secend battle to flgfct to obtain liberty to teach them to write , and the elements of arithmetic . Had Mr . Lancaster never been supported , Dr . Bell would never have been introduced :
but when it was discovered that Mr . Lancaster would go forward , patronised by what was called the Liberal traisst , the church patronised Dr . Bell , and as it was mtVBLo purpose of educating the poor , I patronised him also . ( Applause . ) After what I have said , I am sure what I am going to say will not be considered oe having any reference to myself but merely to great principles , which we are met to-day to advocate . I assisted Mr . Lancaster with £ 1 , 008 at a time when he had nothing to proceed with , and would have sunk under the difficulties he had to encounter—( hear ); —and when Dr . Bell ' B system was established by the chureh party , I sent to his committee , because everything was done under a Committe of the Church . I sent to this committee—I had more m « ney then thaa
I havo now— £ 5 ( 10 , with a statement that if they "would admit the children of all sects into their schools , I would make the sum the same as I had previously given to Mr . Lancaster . The committee canvassed this offer for two successive days , and it was a matter of great contest ; and on the second day the affair waa settled in opposition to my offer by a majority of only two or three ; therefore they accepted the £ 500 , keeping the schools for the children of those only who were members of the Church of England ; but the effect of that discussion produced a change in their principles in one year , and they opened their schools to children of all denominations , provided those children read their books and said their catechisms . Now , the national system of education which I recommended , by
Baron Jacobe , to the King of Prussia , waa similar to the one I had recommended to the House of Commons—to our own Government , and which would have been adopted if the power of the church had not been too strong for the superior education of the working classes at that time . Immediately on sending these plans of national education and government , I received an autograph from the King of Prussia , saying he was so much pleased with the principles of the Bystem , both of education and government for a nation , that he had already given his commands to his Minister of the Interior to adopt both to the full extent of their localities—( hear , hear )—and I know that that was done ; and I know also that the publication which \ sent to the King of . Prussia was one of
four English works which lay upon his private table in his library , for many years afterwards , and the works to which he and bis ministers referred while they were making those great changes . ( Hear , hear . ) The next subject with which my . name ^ has been connected with this toast relates t 6 fte jooor colonies " in Holland And , again , as I ever did when I had to take any steps in this great change which : is now before oh , I always communicated directly , with our Government ; and , therefore , having discovered that there was no occasion for poverty or the fear of poverty in Great Britain , or in any other country , I applied to our Government , and proposed a system of Poor Law Government that should , in a short time , place the poor of this country under such improved circumstances that the poor-rates
in a few years , would become entirely useless , And that there could be no poor in this country . The report that I made to an extensive committee of the first statesmen , political economists , and legislators , in this eountry , appeared to them to be so important that they could not come to a decision : upon it , but recommended that that report should be referred to Sturges Bourne'i Committee upon the Poor Law , which was then sitting—perhaps the most important committee that ? had sat for many yean . It was well known , I believe , to all the membara of that committee , that I had then conducted a large
establishment for many years , ' and Ibat there were no poor in it They kne # ttatlvhad educated the children of this population withoot individual rewards or punishments , and that the character for these children had been formed far anp&rW to anj children of the same age ever seen in this or' in any other oonntry before that period . When , therefore , the day was fixed for me to be called upon to make this report to the Committee of the House of Commons upon the Poor Law , there were about forty members upon that committee , and the leading members of the House of Commons , and they were all met I do not believe there was . a single individual absent , and among them Lord Brougham
waa one . I wasxalled in . and had my report , and had the drawings of tke arrangements which I proposed ; and I was prepared to be closely and severely examined by those forty members of the House . When I had laid down the plans , and had the report in my hand ready to proceed with the reading of it , I saw a look pass from the chairman , and a very significant expression in the countenance of many of the members who were in the secret . The Chairman then said , Mr Owen , will yon hsve the goodness to -withdraw—we have something to discuss relative to you . I then withdrew to the anti-ioom , and employed myself , as l always do , when I have leisure ,
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: WENlb ^ OF THE HALL OF ^ IENCE , MA SOHESTER- * PUBLIC DINNER TO MR feOBERTJ OWEN . * l « rg 1 m * splendid'buiiaing . doBowiaated the Hall «« £ 9 ciente . situated in < Jbwp Field , Manchester , near j b . ? Manchester and HyetpooV Railway Station , which Isintendfed for the pf > pagati < m of * e principles of Mr . Robert Owen , or thf clana of pomms -cemnwnly called " Socialiste , " and for the purpose of holding public meeting * , flaliverini lectures on wftenttlkssubjects , && , -was formally opened on Moidty weaing last , by a < numerowsiparty consisting of fcetwoen three and four hundred-persons male and female , who < £ « ed together in hoiuwr'Of the principles ot Socialism . Mr . Robert Owen . ^ ie founder of tite tgrstem , was the principal guest fflke Hall-itself , as wsba * e abeaiy statedis a
, building of considerable dimensions , ^ having on the first floor * Jpfty room which wiU accommodate from l . seo to 2 , oof ( persons , and on the second ** or another room still'B « re apacioua with a large galtexy around three of its side * . ^ This room cm ctage or platform for the aeoomaodation of speakep at public meetings , leetwm , orjBBtie * of singers , *» ,. at . < jono « rta . Immediately ¦** toll 3 'P Stage is » . < repreaentettcm of Mr . Owen ' s CMnmuntties , which h « rdescribed in the following addresses being "The poet * y "« f Jtfc , system . Besides the twotlarge rooms already named there are several smaller-ones , for libraries , readingvaome , && , &c ., so that the building is one « f the meat complete of tho Hnd inrtte town . It' is not yet perfectly finished , but wiU be « o in a few weeks . It iis , however , so far advaneed as to be capable of being used in all its apartments . . - y . ¦ , . - ¦ .
ri&m sz &t ^ tmt * ** ***** oUhe-Soetat MissioawteB wt * e present . ^ tables boing cleaw $ - ThwCaAiMUN said thefirst toast which he had to propose ,-was-one which he « ta « ure every individual would « e proud to do honour to . It was customary and curtain had made it law , in aU well regulated " assembUeA , inch 113 that was , that the first toast oh the listshenTdbe that individual who wielded the power and destiny of an empire , awl he was sure that in doing honour to that power , who sat and wielded over Great Britain ^ they should be doing justice to their cause and honour » themselves . The tout he should give themand he heped every individual in the room would be upstanding—was " The Queen . " ( Applause . ) , The national anthem was then pla-yed by a portion of the band , and sung by some of the company . The CB « . irmam next gave "The Duchess of Kent and the rest of the Koyal Family . " CJiee . — " Hail Star of Brunswick . "
Tho Chairman then said that the next toast to which h « had to call their attention , was one which required BO . comment from him . It would come home to every man ' B bosom so naturally , that way observations of his would only mar the effect which such a toast would have upon their minds . He therefore begged to propose to them "Robert Owen ; the founder of Infant Schools , the author of national education in Prussia the annihilafcor of paupers and poor laws in Holland , and the founder of the rational system of Bociety . " ( Great applause . ) After which the band plajed " See the conquering hero njomcs . "
Mr . Owes 4 hen rose amid renewed applause , and said : —Mr . Chairman , Ladies and Gentlemen , I must in the first place eaypresa my thanks for th « manner in which my name Ettas been received ; but being a " Socialist , " I am quite-aware that this ebullition of feeling is to the great cause which we are met here this day to celebrate . It is a xwmpliment which I am well assured is not justly due to any individual ; but it is a compliment highly due to truth ; and we are met here to day for »«^ tfrpose of advocating in the most public mann 6 r , perhaps for the first time in the history of the hnman race—truth without mystery , mixture of error wt the fear of man . < aear , hear . ) My friends , I know that upon thej ) e occasions the meetings are usually dewted to conviviality ; but we meet here to night I
trust , fora very different purpose . My name has been associated in the toast with infant school education , as the author of national education in Prussia , as the ' adviser of the system of poor colonies in Holland , and asthe founder of the rational system of society . It is true that the infant school system was devised by myself in perfect accordance wiih the fundamental principles of the rational system of society which I advocate . The fundamental principle of that society is , that tup character of man is formed for him , and I found that the little creatures , the children of the working people whom I employed at New Lanark , were surrounded from . the moment of their birth by faost unfavourable circumstances / It was then in ac-- ordiulfee with our great first principle that T first rt « .
TtnrnSned to create new and very superior external circumstances , in which to place those young human beings , and the first Btep in this change was to erect a building , aad this room reminds me of one of them very much . In this building there were five large rooms , which we called ¦ " The Institution for the Formation of Character . " The largest of these rooms was niiie ^ r feet long , forty feet wide , and twenty feet high , with a gallery around it ; and it was only when that building wa « eotnpleted , that I called the parents of these children together , with the . neighbouring nobility and gentry , to explain to thena tiie pbject I had in view , in erecting , at a very considerable expense—an expense of £ S ; 000—the first institution for : tt . o formation of charaeta upon sound social principles . tshall
: never forget the expression of the epuntenancea of the parties when 1 declared to them oh opening thai institution ( thewf ^ e aot four or five hundred isdividoals around me then—there were at least 1 , 200 individuals , although in so small a village , as New Lanarku but * hen I explained for , the firet time to these , parents my wish that they should send their ehtldren of two years of age and « pwirdB in the morning Into that building , they , from their natural feelings , held up their hands and their eyes , and said , Mr . Owen , what are you going to dp with one little children , of two years of age ? " Such a thing tad not been previously heard of in any part of the world . I said , "You know * my Irieudfl , I iaever do anything by force ; you are . at perfect liberty either to send your children or not 1 " and I
very fully explained to " them the gnat principlea on which I was going to act They 'were universal principles ; and that addresa waa published and passed through many editions , and the t ime is approaching when that address will be valued for the truth of its principles . ( Hear , hear . ) The next morning about one-third of the children iwore sent to this institution ; the other two-thuds , from the fear of the parents that at that age they could receive ne benefit , were withheld by them ; but in about three months the change in the children was so extraordinary that the parents began to talk among themselves , and said " what can there be in that building ? onr children are altogether different beings from what they were ; they are the best and most intelligent beings we have ever teen anywhere ; " and the consequence wm that before
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inpreparing ^ things l was then busily occupied with , and to my surprise , though this was early in the mort * tog ^ -be tween nine and ten o ' clock , I remained thai * without any body coming to disturb me till between four . * ad five o ' clock in the afternoon , when Lord Brougham came in and taid , «« Mi . Owen , it will be necessary for you to come again to-morrow mornings we have been discussing aU day whether yon are to be examined or not and have not decided , and therefore yon will perhaps come to-morrow morning at nine o ' clock . " Well , I attended at nine o ' clock , and was requested to occupy the game quarters as before , and was expecting every moment that some of those gentleman would be good enough to come in and tell me what they were about At five o ' clock in the afternoon , Lord
Brougham came in again , and said , « ' Well , Owen , we have been discussing up to this moment whether you are to be examined or not , and it has been carried by a . small majority that you are not to be examined . " Cries of shame . ) I was not quite aware of the real cause ot these proceedings until afterwards . The report which I was going to make was known to the leading mombera of society ; they know it was a plan to put an end topoverty , and the fear of poverty and to iguorauoe amongst the mass of the people . And , whatever you may think , Mr . Chairman , ladies , and gentlemen , the system of the world , as it has been carried ; on , will not admit in any country—as all countries are now governed —for the masses of the people to be otherwise than to poverty and in ignorance . No , my friends , the past
period of the world has been such that the humski race can be governed only by force and fraud ; and all * the nations of the earth , through all past periods up tattoo present moment in which I am now speaking , have been governed solely by force and fraud ; and I am he ** to-day my friends with no other intention than to endeavour to put an end to such government by force and fraud . ( Applause . ) If it be sedition , or if it be treason to speak truth upon public matters , I am here now to speak that sedition and that treason , and to support it against all who may come against us . ( Very loud , applause . ) My friends , my name has been connected with the toast , lastly , as the founder 0 ! the rational system of society . Yes , my friends , we are met hero upon- this occasion , I trust , to lay the solid
foundation of that system in the minds of all who can think and reflect But what is this rational system of society ? It has been called " Socialism , " I give up the name . Its true denomination is "The rational system of society in direct opposition to the irrational system by which alone this world has hitherto been governed . " My friends , I must now , although a * the risk of detaining you much longer than 1 wish , and porhaps much longer than many of you lflte —«( loud eriea of go on , go on )—but it is my duty on the present 00-casion to state those great principles which can ' be no longer . hidden from the world as principles , and which I trust cannot be long hidden from the world in practice , for it is to hasten that practice that we have mat here to night .. ( Hear , hear . ) I am reminded that in stating
to you the progress relative to the arrangement for removing ignorance and poverty from society , or the feaa of poverty , I did not convey that which I intended , which was , to inform you that at that period there waa a very intelligent man in this country—the Ambassador from the King of Holland , who is one of the best kings that Europe has had— a fit companion for the king of Prussia , who I hope is still living , although thertThsv * been reports of his death . When I found that the British Government would not , or could not introduce measures to remove poverty , and the fear of poverty from this country , I gave the plan to Foreign Ministers to see if any of them would take it up , and I found that Mr . Falck , the Dutch Ambassador , became greatly ' enamoured with it , and be sent it to bit court , und to
some of the leading people of Holland . They iinmedU ately adopted the principles and applied , tiwin comparatively well to practice , and the consequence was . that for many years after they introduced the system / tttsra . were no paupers in Holland . I have been informed that latterly—nay , for many years , these indivuluals tiet « enabled not only to cover their own current : tex > penses , but also gradually to repay the capital wMdk was at first invested in the formation of the colonies before any return could be made . But I have been , told , lately that they ore not going on so well . I am not surprised at that , for if they had been carried- on as they were at first , that experiment would have proved to the world that poverty , or the fear of poverty , did not belong to human society properly
directed , and that experiment conld not be allowed to go on justly , fairly , and fully , and the present system of force and fraud in the world be continued . ( Hear * heoro Utterly impossible ! But , my friends , this country is in a position totally different from what it has-over been before . Great Britain is now a sign to all the nations of the world . Great Britain is tha most wealthy nation that ever existed , and Great Britain is the poorest nation , at the same time , that ever existed . We have 9 . power of producing wealth such as no nation ever b ^ fOrB possessed . When I was a boy our power of producing wealth was but as one to one compared with the population . Our population is scarcely yet doublet ! , from what it was at that period , the population being ^ hea fifteen millions , and the producing power , manual and
scientific , about fifteen millions . Now our population is probably not quite thirty , millions , while pur produo * tive power has risen in the -vort miraculous manner , until it exceeds the labour of six hundred millions , with the power at our controul now to increase that pow $ p to one , three , five or ten thousand millions at oar pleeauwu Xffi- j& , <^ ffA « tim ~ with-t ^ « otmw ^ : is ? rm * -tjf creating wealth , such as at one time would have been thought more chimerical to dream' of than any of . the wonders told in the story of the Arabian Nights—yet in this nation , possessing this enormous power , with ) the means of increasing it at will—yet have there been during the last year or two , hundreds , thousands , nay , tens of thousands , gradually starving ftn ? want of the common necessaries of mo ( Shame . shame friends
. ) My , these things must not be any longer . (•« No , no / ' and hear , hear . ) This is the most scandalous state of society in which human beings -am exist I dont mean to make use of strong , disagreeable language , but I do want to rouse the attention o ? thig country to this striking anomaly , that , possessing q power for the production of wealth greatly beyond what can ever be necessary for the human race , that we should patiently sit down and see around us our fellowcreatures , labouring from morning till night their fourteen ,: fifteen . Sixteen , Seventeen , or eighteen hours a day , and yet so labouring that they , and their v . ivea and little ones must , after a little time , either gradually starve for want of the meanest and coniuwnest necessaries of life , or go into the workhouses wjjich
have been built for them all over the country . ( Hoar , hear , and "Shame , shama" ) My friends , you know our principles are that the character of man ia limped for him . The characters of our governors have been formed for them in the same manner that our cLurao ters have been formed for us , and were they to direct the . energies of this country in the manner which I uaYe described , although not one single step has been yet taken in the right course to govern thur country in accordance with the means which we posstss , these men have been so trained , and are so placed , that of themselves they cannot move one step in a . right course . All their powers and faculties are engaged in suWprting themselves , as one faction opposed by another equally powerful faction . ( Applause . ) But are ' the
people of this country to be slaves for ever to the ignorance and the irrationality of factions , or shall they arise as . one man and say , " If you are not in a position to govern this country beneficially for yourselves , and beneficially for the population , we ask for some of the national means , to , enable us to show you in what manner the natural energies of this country can be applied so as to relieve you from the everlasting disgrace of having millions upon millions squandered every year , and yet that there should be a begrudging of £ 30 , 00 . 0 o-year to lead the mass of the people out of the gross ignorance and darkness in which they live ¦ JBear , hear . ) My friends , it is useless complaining Where everything is wrong , any one at landoiu " can find fault , and find fault justly ; but I hold * that it is
the next thing to useless to find fault with that whacb is wrong , until we have discovered the means by which that which is wrong may in » practical shape and manner be put right-put right not by force , notbf violence—right was never yet obtained by force and violence—but put right in such a ¦ manner ihatrio one of any class , or sect , or i « rty , iniany country , shall Loin , jured by the , change as it , takes pla& ' ( Hear , hear , and applause . ) My friends , you know / another of Ion * fundamental principles is , that man is the creature of circumstances in which' he shall be placed from the time of his birth , through childhood , andj through life . And yet were we to go through the greater part of this town—nay , were we to go through the greater part of all the populous towns and cities in the worldwhat
, should we find ? Why , we should ittnfl aconibiaatioa of the most vicious , degrading and injurious extapal circumstances surrounding the great majsaif . ti ^ jpo pulation in every one of these town *¦ . * Whfle ^ p ^ yfso * phers through past ages have acknowledged tiaV . ma » is the . creature of circumstances , thei British Gofens * ment , the moat advanced in dvilujatibn , tae weaithk «| state , of which we have any knowledge , bos foruo * tunes past permitted , within a mila and . a half oit , it « court , of the centre of its power , a cpmbinatic » n > of fix cumstances existing in a h ^ jdlil ^ ^ ed ^ SL ' j ^ M'it and while . these external drcuBjsfc ^ s . bayo forced every infant from its birth ^ tWn . ^ he « e , jM «< wtt | to have the most inferior " . language , ' - ' . ] tb $ \ . wont habits and manners , and -io . h » ve tW 'wont
possible character . formed for them—1 « say / breed by these circujrisianceB—that It id a gseat chance if , before they attain ^ faiL maahood * they are not tried and imprisoned many Vtfanes * or transported , or hung . And yet what has boea ^ M reason of all this—that the British Govenuflontahoabl have permitted such wretched , degrading external fii * cumstances to have continued for centuries , creating those inferior human characters , when every ffoM t fniS has been born in St Giles ' s for the iatt fiOOyearami ^^ under other sjrnmgements , havebeeofotm « diirtomeiiSD women far snperior to any men thai bave lived duriu the same period ? My friends , is sot this past bttriagl Can we go on day after day , yea * after yet * , nay * esa . tury after century , and allow these- wretched dream .
stances to exist , when we acknowledge that man is the creature of those circumstances in which ne to placed ( No , no , no . ) " No , my friends , look there ( pototin * to the picture of the New Moral Worid . ) and ^ look on oaek side of you , ( pointing to some plana iUnrtxattve ot Uh > community system ); there is hope for you yit Continued in our fourth page . )
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. So The Glasgow Universal Suffrage Association'.
. SO THE GLASGOW UNIVERSAL SUFFRAGE ASSOCIATION' .
Untitled Article
'. THE NORTHERN BTAB . ' ' ""¦ . Mmtet fl ,. . 3
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Citation
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Northern Star (1837-1852), June 13, 1840, page 3, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse.ac.uk/periodicals/ns/issues/king-y1kbzq92ze2688/page/3/
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