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N who are about not only to be disinheri...
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TO TAILORS.
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orr a n THE NORTHERN STAR SATURDAY, NOVEMBER 1,1845.
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THE' CORN LAWS.—THE FAMINE.—THE RAILWAYS...
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FAMINE. - Howetbb subtle, shrewd, and in...
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THE CHARTIST CO-OPERATIVE LAND. SOCIETY....
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OPINION ON THE CHARTIST CO-OPERATIVE LAN...
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IMPORTANT SUGGESTION FOR THE PRE. SERVAT...
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THE "LEEDS TIMES" AND THE "NORTHERN STAR...
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, 16, Great Windmill-street, Oct. 30th, ...
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Transcript
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Note: This text has been automatically extracted via Optical Character Recognition (OCR) software. The text has not been manually corrected and should not be relied on to be an accurate representation of the item.
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N Who Are About Not Only To Be Disinheri...
THE . NORTHERN STAR ., November l , im . a , ii i ——^ - I --- ' - ii ii sL . ¦ ii ¦ " l I j
To Tailors.
TO TAILORS .
Ad00407
^ ' ^^ r ^ tte Autwnn 1 GOTO * and -MHW J * f J * g » fcanadUtee * m ^« t-glMet , London . T ^^^ t & sJl . Ue g „ . Kshed-Mfi ^« , « PJ « £ S ^ etotover-coats , bofh »»* , P" ^ " ^^ Stfernsofgarments-viz . *« le « atotfo £ ^ S ««* the Parisian style ^ ^' t fffSa ** o &* vest-, « U «« P « t * £ r ™ -r * . A ? Price Ids . 6 d . for the one season , or 20 s . jeport , ac , « c * intermediate report , summer S ^ r ^ S-esTary information throughout * AStaaM livery Plate , ^ rx ^ teaae most ^ tfnl in tte 2 . de ,- seven patterns of garment * , ttdI * J * Ok Of ? JcS tion , & c . Priceonlyias . Two Juvenile Plates-Sol for spring and summer , So . 2 for autumn and . win-?«¦ ' - price ( with the fashions or livery plate ) , 4 s . each . T fce work on CatfinR in-numbers at 1 » . So . each , as ^ . naL Scientific cutting taught , and garments or patterns cut for the trade . —Observe the address , as above .
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TO TAILORS . j . approbation of Her Most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria and HisRoyalHighness Prince Albert . THB XONDONand PARIS FASHIONS for Autumn and "Winter , 1845 and 1846 , ready early in October , ijBE AD and Co ., 12 ,-Hart-street , Bloomsbury-square , lendoBjBerger , Holywali-street , Strand , London , and » ay behad « f all Bookieners wheresoever residing ; a T « ry superb Print , representing the most splendid exhibition in Europe , an Interior View ef the Colosseum , Eegent ' s-park , Louden . This exquisitely executed and { caumnUy coloured Print-will be accompanied with fulltiieDre « s Froclc , andRidinsCoatPatterns ; aUo , Pattenis f theSfew Fashionable Polka'Frock , and Locomotive Siding Coats , and an extra fitting Fashionable Waistcoat Pattern , with every part complete , and a full explanation « fthe manner of cutting and malting them up ; also 9 exo-a plates , including 3 sectors / -4 for cutting fancy coats , i for waistcoats , the other for cutting Coat "Cottar patterns , in proportion , for all sizes , so that any person xssy complete the -whole in the most correct manner , without a previous knowledge of any system of cutting Tfhatever . Price ( as usual ) the-whole , 10 s ., or post free ioaaypart of England , Ireland , Scotland , and Wales , lis . System of Cutting , 25 s ; Patent Measures , Ss the set . Patterns , post free , Is each ; to be had of aU bookseUers , For particulars , see "Townsend ' s Parisian Costumes , " ' " Gazette of Fashion , " "London and Paris Magazine of Tasnion , " the " London and Country Press / ' & c .
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TO ALL WHO CAN'T PAT ! "IMMEDIATE Protection , and a prompt and safe final J . discharge , without the intervention of a Prison or . an Attorney . A discharge to Debtors is nowimperative , because Imprisonment forDebt is now penal , not remedial . —Debtors of aU grades will be benefitted by applying fonhwith to John S . Benstead , 22 , Basinghall-street , near the 'Court of Bankruptcy , Londsn .
Ad00410
flEEAT BRITAIN 2 uTJTUAL LIFE ASSURANCE U SOCIETY , 14 , " v 7 aTERIA > 0-PLACE , LoO TON . B 1 HECTOBS . The Chisholm , Chairman . ¦ Wiffiam Morley , Esq ., Deputy Chairman . Henry S . Barber , Esq . James John Kinloch , Esq . JohnBrightman , Esq . Henry Lavreon , Esq . Francis Brodjgan , Esq . Henry Penny , Esq . James Wm . Deacon , Esq . Robert Power , Esq ., M . D . Alexander R . Irvine , Esq . The Rev . F . W . Johnson 3 ohnlngns' 3 erdein , Esq . Viekery , A . M . ACDITOBS . C . B . Eule / Esq . T . C . Simmons , Esq . G . Thomas , Esq . MUSICIAN . John Caendinning , 3 LD ., F . R . S ., 10 , Wimpole-street . sohoiok . Walter Prideaux , Esq ., Goldsmiths' Hall . SASKEBS . Union Bank of London . ADVANTAGES OF THIS INSTITUTION . The -whole of the Prol-i * livided AjreiuAiiT among the Members , after payment of five Annual Premiums . An ample guaranteed Capital , in addition to the Fund ontinuaUy accumulating from Fremiums / uKy sufficient to afford complete security to the Policy-holders . HALF CREDIT RATES OF PREMIUM . The attention of Assubebs Is particularly directed to the 5 aK Credit Rates of Premium , by which means Assurances may be effected , and loans for short periods secured trith the least possible present outlay , and-at . a less premium than for short terms only , and with the option of paying up the arrears and interest , and the difference 'between the two rates , thus becoming entitled to participate in the whole of the profit of tte'inrfu ' irfwm . TrniirT FBOX THE SAXF CREDIT SATES OF PBEHIU 1 T . WITHOUT PROFITS . Age 2 o . Age 25 . J Age 30 . Age 40 . Age 50 . Age 60 . £ s . a . £ s . a . i £ s . a . \ £ s . a £ s . a . £ s . a . 017 6 018 9 J 1 1 ijl 8 2 2 1 0 3 i V WITH PROFITS . Age 20 . Age 25 . Age 30 . ' Age 40 . Age 50 . \ Age 60 . £ s . d . JEs . d . £ s . d . ; £ s . d . £ s . d . 1 £ s . A . 1 0111 3 0 1 5 8 j 113 11 2 . -8 10 ) S 15 11 Thus , for example : —A person in the . twenty . fifth year of his age , need only pay ISs . 9 d . -per cent , yearly for the first five yeara , and afterwards by paying up the remaining half with interest , and . the difference between the above rates , he wiU be entitled to share in the entire profits , Trhich it is expected win reduce the feture payments to little more than half the original Mutual rate . The Giieat Britain is the only Society in which this very great accommodation is given to the Assured . Transfers of Policies effected and registered ( without charge ) at the Office . Chums on Policies not subject to be litigated or disputed , except with the sanction , in each case , of a General Meeting of the members , to be specially convened on the Occasion Members Assured to the extent of £ 1000 entitled ( after payment of five Annual Premiums ) to attend and vote at all General Meetings , which will have the superintendence and control of the funds and affairs of the Society . Fun particulars are detailed in the Prospectus , which , ¦ wi th every requisite information , may be obtained by applicstionio A . R . IRVINE , Managing Director . Agents wanted in Towns not pre-ocenpied , and applications from respectable and influential parties addressed to the Managing Director , atNo . 14 , Waterloo-place , Lon-£ n , wiR meet with immediate attention .
Ad00412
SHEFFIELD AKD LINCOLNSHIRE JUNCTION RAILWAY . WHERE AS , Notices were duly published in the month of November last , in the London Gazette , the Sheffield and Sotherham Independent , the Nottingham Journal , the Derlysldre Courier , the Lincoln , Rutland , and Stamford Mercury , and the Lineoln Standard Newspapers , that application was intended to be made in the then next ensuing Session of Parliament , for leaveto bring in a Sill to incorporate a Company , and to give to such Company power to makeandmaintain a Railway , commencing by a Junction with the Sheffield , Afiuton-under-Lyne , and Manchester Railway , at or near Oborne-street , In the Township of BrightsideBierlow , in the Parish of Sheffield , in the West-Riding of the , County of York , and to terminate at or near a place known by lhe name of Whinleys , otherwise Welham Whinleys , in the Township or Hamlet of Welham , in the Parish cf Clarborough , otherwise Clareborough , in the County of Nottingham , and thence by means of two diverging communications or branches , one of such communications or branches to commence by a Junction with the said main Line , at or near the said place known by the name of Whinleys , otherwise Vf emam WbMejs , in the said Townsnip or Hamlet of Welham , in the said Parish of Clarborough , otherwise Clareborough , and to terminate at or near the Port of Gainsborongh , otherwise Gainsburgh , npon or near the Sank or Wharf , on the West side of the River Trent , in the Parish of Beckingham , in the said County of Nottingham ; and the other of such communications or branches to commence by another Junction with the said main lane , at or near the said place known by the name of Whinleys , otherwise Welham Whinleys , and to terminate at or near the High-street , in the Parish of Saint Mark , in the City ofLincob , and County of the same City . And also to make and maintain a Branch . Railway from and oat ef the said intended main Line of Railway , in the Parish of Handsworth , in the West Riding of the said County of York , to join the Midland Railway , otherwise called the North Midland Railway , in the parish of Beighton , in the county of Derby . And also to make and maintain another Branch Railway from and out of the said intended main Line of Railway , in tiie Parish of Aston-cum-Anghton , otherwise Aston with Aughton , in the West Riding of the said county of York , also to join the said Midland Railway , otherwise called the North Midland Railway , in the saidt Parish of Aston-cnm-Aughton , Otherwise Aston with Aughton . ' ¦ ' And whereas , such application was made in pursuance of the aforesaid Notices , and the Bill for making the said Railway ( save and except the said diverging communication or branch commencing by a Junction with the said main line , at or near the said place known by the nameof Whinleys , otherwise Welham Whinleys , in the said Township or Hamlet of Welham , in the said Parish of Clarborough , otherwise Clareborough , and terminating at or near the Bigh street , in the Parish of Saint Mark , in the said City of Lincoln and County of the same City ) , was ordered by tiie House of Commons to be engrossed , but by reason of the termination of the said Session , no further proceedings were had thereon . . Now , NOTICE IS HEREBY GIVEN , that it is intended , in the next Session of Parliament , to pre-***? aPefitipn to the House of . Commons for leave to w-mtxodu . ee the said Bill so ordered to be engrossed , i £ 2 i !& H ! i ? ceed Pass the samejnto a Law , with such 22 ** wib therein as to Parliament may seem gjaim AND'HTlcnT ? ' - * ^^ }? 2 &** iMLfer V oint Solicito re , AND GALNSFORH / 'J Sheffield . - i _* t
Ad00413
NOTICE TOjEHIGRAHTS . THE Undersigned continue to engage Passengers for First-Class Fast-Safling AMERICAN . PACKET SHIPS , which average from 1000 to 1500 Tons , for the following Ports , viz .: — KEW YORK , 1 BOSTOK , PHILADELPHIA , HEW ORLEANS , BALTIMORE , j BRITISH AMERICA , & c . Emigrants in the country ca > - engage passage by letter addressed as underneath ; inwluchcase they need not be 1 b Liverpool until the day before the Ship is to sail ; and ttrey "tnli thereby avoid detention and other expenses , besidts securing a cheaper passage , and having the best berths allotted to them previous to their arrival . For further particulars apply , post-paid , to JAMES B 3 CKETT & SON , /• North End Prince ' s Dock , Liverpool .
Ad00414
COLOSSEUM . PATRONISES and visited by her Most Gracious MAJESTY and his Beyal Highness Prince ALBBBT . OPEX DAILT from Ten tUl ' Six . PTOaounced by the Press , and confirmed by every visitor tobe ' tht most perfect triumph of Art in its various ranches , both by Day and Night , that has ever been achieved . Equal to six exhibiutns . The Glyptotheca , ontainiog works of the fint artists ; Mont Blanc and Mountain Torrents , Superb Conservatories , Gothic Aviary , Classic Ruins and Fountains , Panorama of London , re-painted by Mr . Parris , & c . Admittance , 3 s . Children , half-price . The Stalactite Caverns , the most magnificent of aU the temples which nature has built for herself in the regions of night , Is , extra , EVENING EXHIBITION , Open from Eight till Eleven , consists of an entirely new panorama of London by night , erected in front of the day picture , the largest in the world , comprising 46 / 100 square feet , projected and carried out by Mr . W . BradvreU , and painted by Mr . Danson and Mr . Telbin . The Caverns , Mont Blanc , and Torrent by night , the Glyptotheca and refreshment saloon , trilliantly illuminated , forming a promenade perfectly unique . The whole . exhibition designed by ilr . Bradwell . Admission at the door 5 s . each . Family tickets to admit four persons , at 4 s . each , to be had at the North Lodge , ' Colosseum , from Ten to Six : and at all the principal Lihrari- -i and UusicseUers .
Ad00415
TO THE EMBARRASSED . —IMPORTANT . THERE are thousands of persons who have struggled long against the force of misfortune , hut few are aware that Dy a very recent Act all small traders owing debts not exceeding £ 300 , farmers , and all others owing to any amount , can be entirely raised from their difficulties at a small expense , and without imprisonment or bankruptcy . All such Mr . "Weston begs-trUl apply to him at Moira-chambers , 17 , Ironmonger-lane , Cheapside , by letter or personally . Persons summoned for small debts should apply immediately , as they may thereby save themselves from frequent and lengthened commitments to prison .
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| TEETH . MASTICATION and Articulation Improved and Guaranteed . —Messrs . DAVIS , Surgeon-Dentists , 123 , PaU-maU , opposite , the Haymarhet , and 1 , New Bridge-street , corner of Fleet-street , continue to supply teeth , guaranteed never to discolour , break , or decay , and fixed without springs or wires , ' without extracting the old stumps , or giving any pain , A single tooth , 5 s . ; a set , JE 5 . Loose teeth fastened . Scurvy in the gums effectuaUy cured . Stopping decayed teeth . Price 4 s ., Davis ' s Hermastican : all j . ersons can use it themselves , as fall directions are enclosed , and can be sent per post .
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COALS . PROVIDE FOR -WESTER . PROVIDENT FAMILIES , subscribing Is . per week to the Metropolitan Coal Company ' s Shilling Club , can obtain four half tons annually , without further charge , fines , & c . The Company's price current is , Best Screened Wallsend , 23 s . per full ton ; Seconds , 21 s ., 22 s ,, and 23 s , ; Coke , 17 s . Gd . - Office , 279 , High Holborn .
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METROPOLITAN SEWAGE MANURE COMPANY . . { ProrisionaUy registered . ) ' Capital £ 1 , 500 , 000 , in 30 , 000 Shares of £ 50 each . Deposit £ 1 per Share . , THE object of this Company is to supply ( at a quarter of the cost of stable or farmyard manure ) the sewage water of the Metropolis to the surrounding country as manure by mechanical means similar to those employed by the Water Companies . A careful and moderate calculation has been made of the annual outlay and income , from which it can con * fidently be stated that the undertaking will realise a net profit of at least IS percent . Prospectuses , containing full particulars of the plan , and extracts from the reports and authorities npon which the estimates are based , may be had on application at the temporary offices of the Company , No , 5 , Berners-street , Or Trill be forwarded to any address . Applications for Shares to be made in the usual form addressed to the Provisional Committee of the Metropolitan Sewage Manure Company , at Messrs . Bailey , Shaw , and Smith ' s , 5 , Berners-street . '
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EQUITY AND LAW LIFE ASSURANCE SOCIETY , No . 26 , LINCOLN'S-INN-PIELDS , LONDON . Capital £ l , 000 , 000 , 'in 10 , 000 Shares of £ 100 each . TRUSTEES . The Bight Hon . Lord Monteagle . The Right Hon . the Lord Nassau W . Senior , Esq . / a Chief Baron . Master in Chancery . The Hon Mr . Justice Cole- C . P . Cooper , Esq ., ridge . Q . C ., L . L . D ., F . R . S . The Hon . Mr . Justice Erie . George Capron , Esq . DIBECTOK 9 . John E . Armstrong , Esq . Henry H . Oddie , Esq . Thomas Wm . Capron , Esq . Sir Francis Palgrave , F . R . S . Mr . Serjeant Clarke . J . Phillimore , D . C . L ., John E . Clowes , Esq . F . R . S . William I . Denne , Esq . George W . K . Potter , Esq . Sir Fortunatus Dwarris . P . Newman Rogers , Esq ., Francis Ewart , Esq . Q . C . Samuel I . Fearon , Esq . George Rooper , Esq . N . Hollingsworth , Esq . Nassau W . Senior , Esq . John H . Koe , Esq ., Q . C . E . Wilbraham , Esq ., Q . C . ADDITOES . J . T . Graves , Esq ., F . R . S . R . J , Phillimore , D . C . L . C . H . Moore , Esq . Eric Rudd , Esq . BANKEBS . Jlessrs , Hoare , Fleet-street , SOIICITOBB . Messrs . LucasandParkinson , Argyll-street , Regent-street , IHSfilCUJI . Robert Willis , M . D ., Dover-street , Piccadilly . SCBGEON . B . Atkinson , Esq ., King William-street , City , ACTUAEX and SECBETABT . J . J . Sylvester , Esq ., M . A ., F . R . S . Assurances are granted by this Society on thelites of persons in every profession and station of life . The Assuredhave the option of participating in the profits , or of effecting their policies without participation , at a reduced rate of premium . Four-fifths of the profits of the Society are divided everyfive years among the participating members , in the form of an immediate or reversionary bonus , or by reduction of premium , at the option of the Assured . Where a life assured by another has gone beyond the prescribed limits without the knowledge of the party interested , this Society renews the policy on the same terms as they would have required for its continuance had their consent been previously obtained . Assurances for which immediate despatch is required may be effected on the same day that they are proposed . The Tables of Premiums , founded on the Government returns of mortality for the whole kingdom , have been calculated on the lowest scale consistent with security . Prespectuses and information relative to Assurance in all its branches may be obtained by applying , personally or by letter , to the Actuary at the Office . Applications from Solicitors in the country desirous of acting as Corresponding Agents of the Society may be addressed to the Secretary . The usual commission allowed to aU Solictors . Ko shares will he alloted after the 5 th of November , except to members of the profession , who may be appointed Corresponding Agents of the Society , from whom the premium will not be required .
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JUST PUBLISHED , In one volume , foolscap 8 vo ., neat cloth , price 7 s . 6 d ., THE PURGATORY OF SUICIDES ' A Prison Rhyme : in Ten Books : BT THOMAS COOPER , THE CHARTIST . J . How , Publisher , 132 , Fleet-street . QT Orders from the Country to be sent through the Booksellers . - MR . COOPER'S NEW WORK . Just Published , in 2 vols ., 12 mo ., Price Fourteen Shillings , WISE SAWS Aire MODERN INSTANCES .. A series of prose Tales and Sketches , composed in Stafford Gaol : among which are i—Kucky Sarson the Barber ; or the Disciple of Equality . Raven Dick the Poacher ; or " Who scratched the BnU !" Tim SvraRow-whistle the Tailor ; or "Every dog has his day . " Master Zerubbabel the Antiquary ; and how he found out the " Noose-larning . " Dorothy Pyecioft ' s preaching ; or " Charity begins at home . " The Beggared Gentleman , and his crooked stick . . The nurture ofaYoniigSanor ; or thebistory of Cockle Tom . , - ; - , ; The last days of an Old Sailor ; or " Butter your shirt * -sing 'tantara-bobus , make shift J " The Man that brought his ninepence to nought , The Lad that felt like a fish but of watei * The Minister of Mercy . — " Merrie England ^ no more . Signs of the Times ; or One Parson and Two Clerks , fcc , & c . Published also by Mr . Hoiv , Fleet-street , about toremove to 309 ) Piccadilly * * ' < 1
Orr A N The Northern Star Saturday, November 1,1845.
orr a n THE NORTHERN STAR SATURDAY , NOVEMBER 1 , 1845 .
The' Corn Laws.—The Famine.—The Railways...
THE' CORN LAWS . —THE FAMINE . —THE RAILWAYS , AND THE LA * ND . ; The hurly-burly into which the sudden volcanic eruption of railway speculation has thrown us , together with the fascinating prospects that the importation of cheap corn from abroad may arrest the progress of famine at home , may probably furnish our experimental Government with a pretext for accomplishing a measure against which a more sober" state of society would protest—a total repeal of the Corn Lnws . It maybe urged by abstract reasoners and interested speculators that the present season of prospective scarcity is not only a fitting time , but the very time , at which the corn of other countries should be admitted free . ¦ ' •¦
As , however , we have at all times " devoted much care to the instruction of the working classes upon this all-important subject , we feel ourselves now more than ever bound to caution them against any participation in a change which must inevitably add all the horrors of revolution to the misery of famine . It is a fact admitted on all hands , thatevery country in Europe has more or less suffered damage in all the articles of food , while , at the same time , in order to gull the landed supporters of Sir Robert Peel , . it is
ingeniously argued that ' the general failure , together with the protective policy of other governments , would have the effect of raising the price of corn in foreign countries to a standard at which it could not be imported into England to that extent which would materially affect the price of com at home . Already do the several speculating journals furnish us with the market price of corn in the several wheat growing countries , from whence" it might , with prospect of profit , be imported into England .
Now never was there a greater delusion , inasmuch as the price abroad , however high it may rate , would furnish no scale whatever as to its value when once imported into this country . As with labour , so with labour ' s produce—it is the amount in the market that regulates its price . Suppose , then , that all the foreign speculators are at this moment engaged in anticipation of an Order in Council for opening the ports of England to the free importation of foreign corn , and suppose that anticipation to raise the market price in fore i gn countries , so that relatively to their distance from English ports they could not afford to
sell their produce at less than 70 s . or 80 s . the quarter , to hold out such an argument to those who may be thereby induced to consent to the experiment would be " a mockery , a delusion , ' and a snare . " England is now supposed to be capable of abstracting at a sweep £ 30 , 000 , 000 from the active capital of the country to invest in moonshine , while cotemporaneously her capitalists and manufacturers can boast of a roaring trade .
It is for such a market that the importers will speculate , should foreign governments allow the food of the country to leave their shores , it will be the amount of corn sent here upon speculation , and not the price abroad , that will regulate its sale in our markets . If we require four million quarters to make good our deficiency , foreign speculators will not arrange their supplies accordingly , but will com . pete for priority , and hence the richest market in the world will be drugged , not only with the spare corn of other countries , but with as much as can be pur chased in the hope of remuneration . The landlords and farmers will then discover the effects of Free Trade in such a reduction in the price of produce as will astound them . The first effect of such an order
would be precisely similar to that produced by Sir Robert Peel ' s cattle Tariff in 1841 . The effect of that measure was to create a panic so sudden , among the graziers and feeders , that in the anticipation of a supply from the Continent , which was not in existence , they glutted the meat market to an extent which reduced its price for some time nearly onehalf . This change was temporary , a few were partially benefitted , while the farmers , who sold under the apprehension of the panic , were considerably injured .
Such would be precisely the effect upon the grain market , of an Order ia Council to open the ports for the free importation of foreign corn . No sooner would the order issue than every thrashing machine and every flail would be put into active operation in order to anticipate foreign competition . Such would be the effect upon the farming interest , while , during the season of panic , not a farmer would be found sufficiently speculative to give employment to the agricultural labourers , and as a necessary consequence , this immense body of men would either be driven as competitors into the manufacturing market , or converted into free livers ( for . thieves we could not call them ) upon whatever they could get . Thus we caution Sir Robert Peel not to seize that
opportunity which an unhealthy public opinion , inflated with bubble speculations , may present for the accomplishment of a measure , the consequences of which the wisest cannot foresee . There is no policy more dangerous than that of seizing capricious opportunities for experimental egislation . The unhealthy state into which the Government has allowed railway and . other speculations to fall , must inevitably saddle it with much of the threatened disaster from famine . It is ludicrous to read of the nice mechanism , the chemical operations , arid . economical management , by
which the whole people , are told they MAY EXIST through the present calamity , while we assert , without fear of contradiction , that the anomalous position into which railway speculation has led hundreds of thousands of idle non-contributors , materially adds to the danger of the national malady , by the wasteful consumption of whole flocks of birds of prey , not one ef whom earns a morsel that he puts into his mouth . Yes , we assert that an ex-cat ' ameat railway director , with a family of five , will consume and waste more than five respectable families of five persons each .
If our Co-operative Land Association numbered half a million , and if the shares were paid up , we should then enforce a repeal of the Corn Laws from the Prime Minister , in order that we might thereby be enabled to repurchase the usurped Land of the country at half its present price ; and if the importation of the produce of foreign countries was THEN found i njurious to our agricultural Association of 600 , 000 , aye , or even 100 , 000 , each with his musket , they could then shut the ports , and open them at discretion ; or if we were now living under the provisions of the People ' s Charter , we might be induced to open
the ports , because we would be enabled to turn the change to national good , and to correctit if it became an evil . For all these reasons we bare come to the conclusion that the whole railway system which has hitherto worked so much injury to society , and so little good to the poor , where the managers can prevent it , must be placed under the control of Government . That the possession of the Land alone by the people can secure them against calamities , in producing which they alone are irresponsible—that the Government of the country , must be an emanation from the whole people , and not a kind of one-sided
ladder , with easy " rungs" for the slothful , the privileged , and the idle to mount by , and a soaped pole for the industrious to slip down . While we write thus despondingly upon subjects now controlled by irresponsible and thoughtless men , let us not despair ; the crash of their own creation is at hand , and its inevitable effect must be to throw into our ranks the discontented of all classes , and their name will be Legion . When an army trained in idleness , 'dissipation , lewdness , and luxury , is disbanded , they become
excellent weapons of agitation . They are not easily reconciled to their transition from the lap of ease to the field of labour—they complain , and are heard , or they strike , and are felt . And so with the . railway bubble when it-bursts—all the insects that now flutter gorgeously in it , and about it , will be loath once more , to return to the counter , the stall , the lapbpardjOr . the cat ' s-meat , and , as a busy swarm , will bui angrily about the ear of faction , and if not heard and attended , to , will sting the eyes of the wilfully blind ,. So / with tto : h 9 aest > gjiicto \ ffai ; ' iab 6 wers
The' Corn Laws.—The Famine.—The Railways...
who are about not only to be disinherited from their parish , but to be driven ruthlessly from the' field of toD where they were willing to slave without a murmur , so long as they were allowed to preserve a wretched existence for another hour of misery—they , too , will murmur , and their hungry . ravings will echo through the rocks and the caverns , while the valleys , wbn am about not only to be disinherited from their
will blaze with the light of their indignation . So with the pompous trades and proud mechanics , who are now willing forgers of their own fetters ; they , too , will wail , and though we shall have less pity for their sufferings , we will embrace them in the national regeneration corps , and admit ikem to a participation in the battle and its fruits , which must be the triumph of justice over injustice , of knowledge over bigotry and intolerance , and of liberty over tyranny , THE PEOPLE'S CHARTER . ""; ¦ ' ,: ¦ • .::: : AND ' ' " "' _ . " ...,.. ' ¦ ' . . THE LAND !
Famine. - Howetbb Subtle, Shrewd, And In...
FAMINE . - Howetbb subtle , shrewd , and ingenious the Prime Minister may be— and we do not mean to assert that Sir Robsbt P » st is deficient in any one of these qualities—there is an enemy now stalking to his house which cannot be stayed or arrested by the tardy process of Parliamentary inquiry . The slow and slugglish waddle of commission , committee , or even
adjourned debate , will fail to keep pace with the active bound with which famine is coming to our door . " Live horse , and you'll get grass I" has been the tempting bait offered by Sir Robert to the several parties upon whose fears of the coining of a greater hobgoblin he . has been sustained in office . If Catholics complain of exclusion from one college , lie tells them they shall have ibur colleges . If Churchmen complain of the "heavy blows and great discouragement" aimed at their power , he freely opens his own ' purse , in the hope that legislative defection may be allayed by individual benefaction . If the
landlords hang a murmur upon the rumour of his defection from their heretofore cherished and privileged order , the rod of Free Trade is shaken over their shoulders . If threatened with revolt from within , the prospect of a long continuance of office , and as long an exclusion from place , checks opposition and silences complaint . Large landed proprietors are ready to be ' 'dragged through the political mire so long as their countenance and support shows a balance in favour of patronage in account with reduced rents , while the colonies and home pickings
constitute a refuge for their destitute of & pring . All the means of Government furnished by those ready appliances will fail , however , when the 'Right Honourable Baronet has to deal with the great recruiting sergeant—hunger . Hence we find . that the blackflag has been suspended over that citadel which promises at once the easiest conquest and the most prompt relief . The citadel of monopoly is doomed , and must fall ; and if the ruin of the chief officers alone was to be the result , we should nothing mourn the crash .
However fatal the inevitable consequence of a repeal of the Corn Laws must be to the landed proprietors of this country , and all who , as creditors , have claims upon their estates , we could look tamely on whilethe shock was rousing them to a sense of their injustice , subserviency , and thoughtlessness / were it not that '¦; a -more innocent , meritorious , and much more numerous class must participate in the disaster . Such ever must be the case in a country governed without institutions , if a calamity occurs against which other nations can provide by a partial
alteration in their policy , and without inflicting permanent evil upon any party . The Government of England in like cases , is compelled to make an assault upon the weakest party , as an offering to appease what a just system of Government might have averted . Under another head we have distinctly shown the impossibility of repealing the Corn Laws without the certainty of increasing the famine ; and now we shall endeavour to direct the attention of our readers to that universal calamity which is marching onwards with rapid strides .
As early . as the month of July last ,- we announced the certainty of a defective wheat crop—a calamity of itself quite sufficient to disarrange our house of cards , but when aggravated by the failure , not . only ofthepotatoe crop , but of nearly every other crop , calculated to make the stoutest , heart quail . There seems to have been a universal blight . Throughout the great growing countries the vines have been extensively damaged . In Italy , its . effect upon the mulberry trees was such as to compel the great silk growers to destroy in many instances more than one half of their silk worms , and the blight struck the
leaf of the mulberry tree precisely as it struck the leaf ofthepotatoe . The turnip crop , will not only prove deficient in quantity but bad in quality . The wheat , and especially the late wheat , which has not been yet offered for . sale , will be incalculably deficient in yield . The oat crop is abundant in straw but inferior in quality . Hence we may reduce our prospects to almost arithmetical precision thus—if a partial failure of ^\ the wheat crop in England alone excites considerable alarm , what must be the effect of a failure in all the articles of food nearly all over the world—at least , over those portions of the world
from whence . supplies . can come within salvation reach . ? Answer , Famine—unless arrested by a measure which will compel those who have hoarded all the profits of labour in times of prosperity to . administer to the general want in the trying hour of adversity . ' And why should it not be so ? How often have we denounced the system which causes all the visitations of God to fall alone npon those who are least capable of . bearing them ? In this season of tribulation will the Queen surrender any of the luxuries of life ? Will the peer , the commoner , and the capitalist , who , by their own rules ,- laws ,
and regulations have amassed all that belongs to all , open their purse strings , or will they tempt the Almighty's . wrath and a hungry people ' s vengeance ? Do they suppose that the speculative resolutions of buyers and sellers and traffickers in human food will stay the monster ' s march ? Do they imagine that the chemical process by which a little starch may be extracted from rotten potatoes will save their order from that responsibility which now legitimately , legally , morally , justly , and religiously
devolves upon them ? We announced more than two months ago that nearly all Europe had sustained more than a one year's loss in the [ potatoe crop . We pointed out the difficulty , and were the first to do so , of procuring seed for the ensuing year , and now all admit the fact . We stated that it was an infection which would not cease when the potatoes were digged , but like a contagion would spread amongst them when stored , and that we were right each succeeding day furnishes additional and lamentable proof .
We shall now briefly show the value of the pptatoe crop as an article of human food as compared with the value of the oat crop , which comes nearest to it in degree ,, and is relied upon as a substitute for its failure . An acre of potatoes we will take at the low average stated by the Timet' Commissioner , in his letter of Tuesday last ( produced as a second crop upon reclaimed land ) at about 12 tons to the acre . Oats he estimates at ten barrels and four stone to the acre , Let us now see the amount of support afforded , relatively by the two crops . A * man , his wife , and three children , will consume two stone of potatoes a day . There are 160 atone in a ton , which , consequently , would supply eighty days'food j this ,
multiplied by . twelve , the number of tons , leaves 960 days' provision for the family ; add to which , the man will be able from the offal to support a pig from three to four months old , always selling him at four months , and replacing him with another of three months old , as the amount allowed for use would not feed one of a larger size . . The profit we allow npon ¦ the sale , of-each pig is 2 s . < 6 d . a month ; and there being about two years and seven months in the 960 days , leaves a gross profit ' upon the sale of £ 3 fa 6 d which , at , the ordinary price of potatoes ( 3 d per stone ) , - wouldprocurefoodfor about ISO daVs oi-five months . Thus , we show that a family of five can mt * m . m : m . M -vdm im-wn of
P otatoes of twelve tow , wMch ' is yery much below P otatoes of twelve " tonsrwhicn' ; is very much below the average ^ crop . The acre of iafeaj . producing ten barrels and four stone , at fourteen stone to the barrel , will grind into about eleven hundred weight of meals at eight stone to the hundred weight , when the spellings are taken off . If we allow three pounds and a half of meal to a family of five for the day , one hundred weight will serve for thirty-two days , and eleven hundred weight will serve for 352 days . Thus we find that an acre of oats will furnish food for a family for one year , in addition to the straw , while the produce of an acre of potatoes will support the same family for three years .
New , let it be borne in mind that flour and oatmeal are things always bought and never grown by Irish labourers , and only produced by farmers for the payment of rent , while the potatoes are more or less grown by the whole labouring class , and we find that the dreadful word traffic , steps into augment the grievance when the necessity for living upon bread or porridge arises . ' Again , in the South and West of Ireland , farmers usually have as many acres of potatoes as of wheat , as wheat always follows thepotatoe crop , and they
invariably have a greater number of acres of potatoes than of oats , as all the wheaten stubble is notjilways devoted to oat crops . . This rule will apply more extensively to all the small farmers and labourers upon the Continent of Europe , who invariably have a much larger portion of their land under potatoes than under oats . Thus we furnish an unerring table by which the loss of the potatoe crop as regards the labouring classes may be estimated , and we close our observations , for the present , . under this awful head , by reminding the wealthy , the proud , the arrogant , the thoughtless and over-secure , of the old adage , that " hunger will break through stone walls . "
The Chartist Co-Operative Land. Society....
THE CHARTIST CO-OPERATIVE LAND . SOCIETY . At foot we give the opinion of Counsel upon the Chartist Co-operative Land Association , and , however it may differ from our own prejudice upon the question of enrolment , we felt bound to submit the case to Counsel without the slight est reference to our own feelings upon the subject . We felt that dealing with the interests of thousands , who cheerfully confide in us , that their protection , their salvation and welfare alone should be our primary consideration ; and we rejoice to find that the attention of Counsel has been mainly directed towards the protection of
the shareholders . The opinion we feel convinced will be read by all concerned in the undertaking with equal delight as by ourselves . In the meantime we recommend the careful perusal of the opinion to every member of the Association , while we congratulate ? he working men upon the creditable and legal manner in which it appears the rules have been drawn up . It must be observed , that , while the principle of ballot , is discountenanced ,.. . it is not illegal , and for this reason , because it does not violate the statutes against gaming and lotteries , inasmuch as compensation , though deferred , is afforded to every shareholder of the Society .
And , further , when Counsel says tjhat , if not enrolled , the Society will come under the provision of a certain . Act of Parliament , he does not mean that its establishment is a violation of that Act , but that the non-enrolment would simply , under its provision ^ entail upon us certain expenses which the enrolment will save us . We are minute upon these subjects to show that the working men have not violated , and ; that we have not connived at the violation , of , any statute when we recommended the non-enrolment of the Society . Again—we have to . express a hope that the several localities will proceed with as little delay as possible to make the necessary
arrangements which we hereby appoint to take place at Manchester , on Monday , the 1 st day of December next , for the forthcoming Conference . Meantime we request that our good friends in other districts will not allow themselves to be so much alarmed by the-Manchester resolution , for this simple reasonthat even if the suggestion were prudent , the carrying it out would be impossible , for two very natural reasons— firstly , ibecausethedirectorswould not be | capable of performing the required duties , as it is not likely that practical agricnlturistswill be appointed , to the office . ; and , secondly , because they could not be in twenty places at the same time ; nevertheless , the
Manchester members , as well as those of any other district , have a perfect right to make such suggestions and pass such resolutions as they think proper ; while we beg to remind the Shareholders that their Conference must consist of members who will have an equal interest with all others in the success of the plan . No principle can be sacrificed , no member of Conference , let him act as he may , can be suspected of any greater crime than ignorance , of the subject , as each will be his own and his equal ' s representative .
All members joining between this time and the 24 th day of November , which , day we hereby appoint for the election of Delegates by Shareholders , must pay up the levy in order to entitle themselves to a vote for a Delegate . Feahcus O'Conxor . Philip M'Gbath . Christopher Doyie . Thomas Clabk . Thomas Marmw Wheeler , . Secretary .
Opinion On The Chartist Co-Operative Lan...
OPINION ON THE CHARTIST CO-OPERATIVE LAND SOCIETT . The object of this Society , though new in character is undoubtedly legal . It professes to give to the working man an interest in the soilof his country , by allotting to him , as a permanent property , a portion of the land on which he bestows his skill and labour . So far is this object from being illegal , that its attainment would be favourable to the maintenance of peace and order , the promotion of industry , and the diminution of crime . _ lam , nevertheless , of opinion that it is necessarv
lor the security of the shareholders , and the full success of the plan , that the society should be duly enrolled under the Friendly and Building Societies Acts , 10 Geo . IV . c . 56 , 4 and 5 W . IV . c . 40 , and 6 and 7 W . IV . c . 32 . Independently of the advantages directly afforded by those Acts , this Society , if not enrolled , will come within the provisions of the recent statute relating , to Joint Stock Companies , 1 and 8 Vict . c . 110 , whereby greater expense would be incurred , and more stringent regulations imposed . ?? u < . * « " * . benefltB to be derived from enrolment the lollowing may be enumerated : — 1 . The rules are binding , and may be legally
en-, ?; , Protection is given to members , their wives , and children , in enforcing their just claims , and against any fraudulent dissolution of the Society . 3 . Summary remedies are given for the punish-KheSwiet COmmitt € d with respect to the property arbitSn * " ^ be 6 n ^ Bettled by reference to 5 . Documents are exempt from Stamp duty , lhe rules , as placed before me , appear to have been drawn up with rauchcare , and scarcely admitof matenalaraendment . I think the election of occupiers by lot or ballot is open to some objection , which it may be advisable , though not absolutely necessary , to » vm inoaeoi election
,. pu « u : » would notprobablv bum infringement of the statutes against gaming and lotteries , ( 8 Geo . I . c . 2 , and 12 ( feo . IirC . 283 because each shareholder has a certain interest avan-S te /™ - ° i or anotuer ; but yefc - »«««» " o S ^ S ^ JP ^ *** ;*? ' ^ i ^ W" ?* Preferable course , that thev 2 ? J hWiL ? WHP the M amount of tS shares should . be . first entitled to the allotment I wus pian will , be attended with many advantages Tt Wanf 7 S & X « ****»«* o 4 oTK " draw SffSSfor l ^ al ^ i ^
and the accomplishment of the undertaking wm thni be more speedljy effected . There wS beKfficultv J Should suppose , in the purchasing of knd - Sen the f unds are ; once collected , and unuwi , dilw management , a rapid progress maVStS 5 If the priority of payment be adopted as tHJisof finally vested in the committees ' be i ^ ollh ^^ they should of course be sudi bSo ¦ v * * S $ # hers generally < - can * e * fef l « f * accounts - arid ' ¦ ¦' wimS- - - ^^^^ pJ ^ EfMtbtf of all feeresSn ffio & StflS
misapnrbpriation of the funds .: Bv section q ^ ,. misappropriation of the funds .. By section 3 of in Geo IV . c . 56 , these penalties should be JxprJ s 5 m the rules , and I have therefore added a ruff that effect . ( See Rule . lG a . ) euaruie to , By section 33 , of the same Act , a full statement „« the funds , ( fee , must be prepared * t least « £ ™ m and every member is to . be entitled to a coR paying a sum . not exceeding sixpence . This clam ? S ^ fomd ' ^^^ ^' «» 3 S J y section 10 the places of meeting must be speci fied in the rules ; and by section 27 the names of tt arbitrators should be entered in the book in whiS he ft n are , enHrid- , These sections arenowproS tor in rules 16 b and 21 . »« "ucu
By section 33 of the same Act the auditors should be members of the Society . ( See Rule 10 . ) d are rejuired ! ^^ ° ™ ^ ° ther altwation 8 Temple , Oct . 28 . 1815 . ^^^^ iiu .
Important Suggestion For The Pre. Servat...
IMPORTANT SUGGESTION FOR THE PRE . SERVATION OF THE POTATOE CROP . Since our notice of the threatened famine was written , we have gleaned more general information upon the awful visitation , all of which will be found in the following sad and melancholy list of Ireland ' s lamentations . Much as we may sneer at the " STARCHY" recommendations of scientific gentlemen , who live upon the fat of the land , nevertliele ^ g we are bound to assist by all means in arresting the spread of contagion , and to that end we call particular attention , to the plan recommended by tho Rev . W . Le Poor Trench , Rector of Killerenan . He recommends that the potatoes now in ground should
not bo digged ; but that they should have an additional covering of six inches of earth cast upon them . Now , tin ' s is a grain of wisdom in the sack of wild speculation , and is a plan which experience justifies . It is the custom , when potatoes are digged , to put them in a pit , and cover them over with dry straw , or fems , then covering all over with a heavy coat of earth . In this state they will keep from the middle of November till March , or April , the shoots growing long but feebly through the covering . When the pit is opened , the process of vegetation is found not to have damaged the potatoes from which shoots have grown , to any material degree , indeed , not at aU ,
We never heard a single complaint . If , however , those at present uncontaminated are pitted with the smallest portion of the infected , all will go , and the value of Mr . Trench ' s prescription over all those of the scientifics , is , that it will arrest the infection more effectually than any other plan yet recommended , while it will preserve the crop from the effects of frost . If this plan bo extensively adopted , the following must , naturally , be the result . Those potatoes now infected will rot in the ground , and those that have escaped will give cheering
notice of the fact by shooting above' the covering in due time . This is the best and cheapest mode of carrying out the packing : system recommended by the Netherlands' Soeiety . To this we add the follow ^ ing notice : — - "We would strongly recommend all who have straw or old hay , or dry ferns , or , what is still better , peat , to cover up their potatoes yet undigged , and allow them to await the process of vegetation , which will prove their soundness , while they will be effectually protected against frost . "
The "Leeds Times" And The "Northern Star...
THE "LEEDS TIMES" AND THE " NORTHERN STAR . " To Mr . M'GoWtm , Printer , 18 , Great Windmill street . Sir , —I beg to call your attention to the enclosed paragraph , which appeared in the Leeds Times newspaper of the 18 th of October , and to request an explanation of the statement from you . I am aware that it is going a great length with a tradesman with whose arrangements I have no right to interfere , further than as regards the proper execution and
timely printing of the Northern Star ; but , at the same time , I feel assured that your knowledge of my position with the working classes , as well as my fixed opinion upon the rights of labour , will induce you to set me right with the public ; while , at the same time , after an extensive connexion of ten years 3 as employer and employed , I crave your unbiassed opinion of my character as regards an employer . Again expressing regret that I should be so far forced to infringe upon your domestic concerns , I remain , sir , Your obedient servant , Fearuus O'Connor .
Ad00424
The "People ' s Paper !"—The Northern Star , which was established to uphold the rights of labour , has lately adopted rather queer methods of illustrating its sympathy with the elasses whose " rights" it advocates . Though , declaiming a ' gainst machinery as the enemy of the working , classes , the Northern Star did not hesitate to establish a steam press to print its weekly impression—dispensing with pressmen , and all hand labour that could he dispensed with . This , of course , we do not complain of , as we print our own paper by machinery , and could not print the number required without it . But then , we do not
, 16, Great Windmill-Street, Oct. 30th, ...
, 16 , Great Windmill-street , Oct . 30 th , 1835 . Sir , —I have read the paragraph in the Leeds Times respecting the mode in which the printing of the Northern Star is managed , and , in accordance with your wish , I make the undermentioned statement in contradiction of that paragraph . The editor of the Leeds Times , in allowing himself to minister to the malice of some unprincipled and dishonest workmen , and In his eagerness to damage a publication of opposite politics , has inserted in his paper a tissue of falsehoods .
It is untrue that the Northern Star is now , or has at any time been , printed exclusively , or nearly exclusively , by apprentices : it is untrue that there is only one journeyman employed npon it ; and it is untrue that any journeyman has been discharged from the companionship . Not only are these assertions untrue , but the contrary is so notorious to any one acquainted with tho office , that the informant of the Leeds Times must have been perpetrating a wilful falsehood in making the communication which the editor has printed . Since the Northern Star has been printed by me I have paid in wages to the compositors £ 82113 a . 6 d . ; Of which sum £ 534 2 s . 9 £ d . has been paid to compositors receiving the full amount of their earnings , and £ 28710 s . 7 id . has been paid to the apprentices .
There are at this moment eight persons on the companionship who receive the full wages , and those wages are calculated by the scale recognised ( indeed enforced ) by the men themselves : and of theseeight , I believe five belong to a society in London , whose members make it a special part of their business to keep the closest watch upon the movements of the employers . Some journeymen have lately left my employment , but have left of their own accord ; they have left me in the expectation of benefitting themselves by taking situations on the railway paners now starting up in such abundance on all sides .
Touching the question of apprentices generally , I do not believe there are more in this office than are to be found in most London houses ; and , leaving the % r companionship out of the calculation , Iknow of no office where there are so few . In giving this pointed contradiction to the asser tions of the editor of the Leeds Times ( a contradiction that can be confirmed by any one either now or heretoforeinmy employment ) , I hope it will be so far satisfactory to you , as ' to release me from any future necessity of occupying the columns of the Star by a detail of my private . business ..
I make this statement for your satisfaction , andin opposition to my own inclinations . I do not recog mse the right of anj . custonw of mine to call me to account for the manner in which the domestic economy of myoftce is conducted , J manage m business fo -
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Citation
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Northern Star (1837-1852), Nov. 1, 1845, page 4, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse.ac.uk/periodicals/ns/issues/ns2_01111845/page/4/
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