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MrtVEMBEB 1, 1845. THE ^ORTHXRy SffAR. -...
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fflxtiw ffitoW*
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" «Anai wulwar,at leastmwords, rV-jMrnia...
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Axdover, Oci. 27.—Blyth, the newly-elect...
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agriculture anfr horticulture
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FIELD-GARDEN OPERATIONS. For the. Week c...
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•'¦» Inl9-20ths of the ; heavy undrained...
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CouRA6E.~It is a popular error to suppos...
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; iflapt
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London Corn Exchange, Monday, Oct. 2?.— ...
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AVERAGE PRICES Of the last six weeks, wh...
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. Lonbon Smithpikld Mabket, Monday, Oct....
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" ' Manchester Corn Market, Satcbday, Oc...
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Bankrupt, &u
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BANKRUPTS. (From Tuesday's Goxette, Octo...
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The Venezuelan Minister.—We regret tojha...
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Transcript
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Note: This text has been automatically extracted via Optical Character Recognition (OCR) software. The text has not been manually corrected and should not be relied on to be an accurate representation of the item.
Additionally, when viewing full transcripts, extracted text may not be in the same order as the original document.
Mrtvembeb 1, 1845. The ^Orthxry Sffar. -...
MrtVEMBEB 1 , 1845 . THE ^ ORTHXRy SffAR . -- .- -. ' ; ' [ : V-T
Fflxtiw Ffitow*
fflxtiw ffitoW *
" «Anai Wulwar,At Leastmwords, Rv-Jmrnia...
" « Anai wulwar , at leastmwords , rV-jMrnia my chance so happen—deeds , ) ci wuh ^»^ rwith Thon 5 lItr . ^ ihhiklbear a Bttie hW , who sings Thepecp 16 by and by wfll be the stronger » -3 BraoH TTALT AUSTRIA , AM ) THE POPE . c- nce we last addressed onr leaders on the affairs f italv another unfortunate effort has been made nhtain « onie amelioration of existing evils , hut * i ** d & rt having failed , will for the present be * -Jm > tfre of additional suffering to all the actual or ? I Se dfri eDd 3 of progress on whom the Italian j « Ltisius can lay hold . Such intelligence concern -Vthe late movement as the French and English "" irs rTaiiershave afforded us , wehaveduly laid before readers . X ™ have abstained nntil now from WflriaBv noticing the aflair at Rimini , it has been Wanse ffe had hoped to have acquired more accuoi auair
7 j » infonn auon uuu , man xne . Lonuon ? 1 r ionrna ls have furnished , on which to ground Our iSjSrfcs : butwehavewaitedinTain . ' ffith the particulars ot the insurrection , or outbraik at lliniini , our readers are already familar , a ^ petition of those particulars is , therefore , not necessary- Our . readcrs will remember that we gave L ^ j -foe Morning Chronicle an abstract of an address L . , aaaifesto issued by the patriots , arid addressed j „ the name of the people of the Roman states to ^ Sovereigns and people of Europe . That abstract , lo ^ evcr , gave lint a very imperfect idea of the con-Tents « f the manifesto , and in order that the grievances thereinset forth may be known to the people of this country , and that this appeal to Europe , of \ bc Italian patriots , may be recorded in the columns cfthis organ of "the democratic principles , " we here insert the manifesto entire .
¦ SiSIFESTO OF THE PEOPLE OF THE BOHAH STATES TO
THE PBIXCES AXD PEOPLE OF EUKOPE . When the Sovereign Pontiff Pius VII . was restored in the Iloman States he announced motu propria his inten . con to establish a regime analogous to that of the former ** iin * j 3 om of Jtaly , * and adapted to the -ftants as wellas flie progress of civilisation . In a short space of time , however , the publication of a civil and criminal code founded on principles which had become obsolete clearly showed that he was anxious to retorn to the odious past , and was unwilling to fulfil the promises made , and follow the councils -which the Congress or -Vienna , had given -to the Court of Home . The clergy were covered with dignities and privileges , and the laity were deprived of all offices of even the smallest importance . Notwithstand ing these cruel deceptions , public discontent did not manifest itself by acts of -riolence , even in the years 1821 and 1822 , when Naples and Turin set up the cry of "liberty !"
After the Anstrians had repressed the movement of those two Italian provinces , the Pontifical Court , when it had recovered from its fright , Instead of evindnggratitude to the people fox the quiet attitude they had preserved during the disturbed state of public feeling , wished to take vengence npon the thoughts , the sentiments , and the secret wishes ef the people through the instrumentality of a political inquisition , which cast forth the seeds ef its party hatred , and of which we may expect at a late period to reap the sanguinary fruits . Pius TTJ . oiea in 1823 , and he was replaced by Leo XIL , who declaimed against the friends of civil liberty , and sent as Governor of Romania one Rivarola , who , at once accuser
and judge , incarcerated or exiled the people without paying the slightest respect to condition , age , or previous exemplary life . At the name time that the new Pontiff thus persecuted the opinions of the people , he applied the axe to the root of civilization in re-establishing and amplif y ing the privileges of mortmain , completing that system by the abolition of the district tribunals , and by putting in active operation the tribunal of the Holy Office . He granted power to the priesthood to try and decide upon the cause of the laymen—he ordered the Latin language to be used in the courts and universities—he intrusted exclusively to the priesthood public instruction and all the civil establishments of beneficence .
As if Sivarola had not thus sufficiently compressed siid afflicted the provinces , be gave him for assistance an Extraordinary commission , composed of priests and officers , who desolated and oppressed the people for many years to such a degree that the sad recollection of itis vivid at the present day . T » Leo XIL succeeded Pius Yin ., who , following in the footsteps of bis predecessor , never dreamed of removing the public grievances . Shor tly "before his death the French revolution of 1830 took place , followed by similar movements in several of the European states . During the vacancy of the apostolic chair the people of the Iloman States thought the occasion propitious to seek an amelioration of the forms of the Government . The arbitrary authority was destroyed Scorn Bologna as far as the capital , and it fell without any efforts or violence on the part of the people . The Government certainly would not have been able to
re-establish it without great modifications , had not Austria instantly come in with her troops to render it a helping hand . Nevertheless this power , at the same time that it compressed the popular movement , addressed itself to Trance , England , and Prussia , to concur in persuading the new Pontiff ( Gregory XVI . } to improve the form of Government , and secure its tranquillity for the future . To this end the Ambassadors of the four powers , on the 51 st of May , 1 S 31 , presented a diplomatic note , in which , among other reforms , they proposed that laymen should be admissible to all civil administration and judiciary dignities and employments ; that certain electors should appoint the municipal councils , and the latter the provincial councils , which , in tine , would elect a Supreme Court , resident at Rome , intrusted with the regulation of lie dri ] and military expenses , as well as the service of the public debt .
Upon the publication of this important act , the ponti-£ cal subjects allowed hope to germinate in their hearts . The Pontiff himself announced that these ameliorations woniaprovethe commencementofanewera ; but the hopes of the people , which had been raised , were very soon dispelled , when the edict of the fifth of July made its appearance , in which no mention was made of the municipal elcc-Son , nor of the Supreme Council of S tate , nor of any of the institutions suitable to temperate monarchies . However , the Anstrians being yet in Lombardy , the guardianship oi the towns and the maintenance of order remained
contided to the citizens organised under the approbation of the Government , and tranquillity reigned everywhere . It was deemed expedient to institute a legal proceeding . The provinces sent to Home deputations composed ef men of great talent and . consideration , and the most recommendable , to entreat the sovereign to grant the institutions which had been promised , and which were calculated to establish harmony between the governors and the governed ; bnt the court , which detested all innovations , no matter how moderate they might be , paid no attention to their request .
At that period Cardinal Albani assembled a troop at iunuhi , composed of men capable of committing every acess , and with this assistance he was instructed to install despotism in the provinces . This was the reign of those gross and ferocious men who , under the title of Pontifical voluntaries , were ready to murder all persons designated as Ii'erals . Tor ten years it was neither the Pontiff , nor Some , nor yet the Cardinals who governed the legations , but this crutalanasanguinaryfaction . The military commissions ( cou rts-martialj yet continue to exercise their functions , passing " sentence without form of procedure , without allowing the assistance of counsel , condemning a vast number of people to prison , exile , death , and confiscation .
Is it t o be wondered at , therefore , that the people have cried oat against such grievances ? "We are reproached for demanding civil reforms having arms in our hands , but we supplicate all the Sovereigns of Europe to conader thathnperious necessity has driven nsto it ; thatwe have no l ^ gal means of manifesting our wishes , possessing no public representation whatever , nor even the simple ri ght of petition , and are reduced to such a state ofservitudethattomahea demand or complaint is regarded as an act of high treason . Our wishes are pure . They have for their object the
uigaify of the ApostoHc throne , as well as the rights , of be country and hnmanity . TVe venerate the ecclesiastical hierarchy and all the clergy . We hope that his Holiness will acknowledge the noble essence of civiliza tion which CathoUcity implies ; and also that our wishes may notbeinterpreted in a sinister manner by Italyand Europe . We proclaim aloud our respect for the sovereignty of the Pontiff , as head of the universal church , Hilhout restriction or condition . As to the . obedience which be has aright to expect as temporal Sovereign , the following are the princi ples which we give him for basis , and the demands which we make known :
That he give an amnesty to all political prisoners or accuBedfromtheyearl 821 nptothepresentperiod ; that fie give a civil and rahninal code modelled upon those of other nations « Europe , embracing the publicity of debate , themstrtution of the jury , the abolition of confiscation , and likewise that of the pain of death for crimes of high treason ; that . the tribunal of the Holy Office shall exercise no jurisdiction npon laymen , and that the latter no longer submit to the jurisdiction of the ecclesiastical teounals ; that political offences shall always be judged by the ordinary tribunals and according to the ordinary forms ; that the municipal councils be elected freely by the citizens , and the choice approved by the Sovereign - that these councils elect provincial Councils upon a triple list presented by the Municipal Councils ; that the
Supreme Council of State be named by the Sovereign from the lists presented by the Provincial Councils ; that the Supreme Council of State , resident at Home , have the SuneaTanee of the finances and thepublic debt ; that it moreover have a deliberative voice upon the receipts and expenditure of the State , and a consultative voice upon other general subjects ; that an civil and military employ ments be granted to laymen ; that public instruction no longer be confined to the bishops and clergy—religions instruction being their exclusive right ; that the censure of the press he confiued to preventing outrages of the divinity Of the Cafholie religion , of the Sovereign , and of private individuals ; that the foreign troops be dismissed ; that a crne - and rural guard be mstitated ^ wMch-vrill'be charged with the maintenance of public order , and the observance of the laws . ¦ -..- ; - ¦¦¦ , --,. :-: '<
lastly , that the Government enter npon aU social mnelibrations which the spirit of the age" demands , and which are practised by the other European Govern mentar : l » - . / 5 . . . " ¦ ..,. ; . . ; .... ..- "• The above document has . been praised , for its "temperate language" asd : '' HWd ^ te ' demands-f
" «Anai Wulwar,At Leastmwords, Rv-Jmrnia...
even the Times , ever ready to demand a " resolute AuBtrianintervention '' to . ! . * maintainorder , " (!) even that ferociously anti-democratic journal , has praised the above address for its "moderation . " Moderate , indeed , must be the demands of the Italian patriots iftheymeet with the sympathyof the Times , Now , it ia jprecisel y this moderation of tone , this "lame and impotent conclusion" of an otherwise excellent document which displeases us . The first seven paragraphs in which the patriots narrate the history of the wrongs they have endured , am the treacheries through which they have suffered , from the period oftherestorationofPopePiusVII . tothepresenttime ,
are unexceptionable ; but when they come to state their present demands , their ' moderation" excites our condemnation . The authors of the manifesto say , " Our -wishes are pure . They have for thenobject the dignity of the Apostolic throne , as well as the rights of tlra country and humanity . We venerate the ecclesiastical hierarchy and the clergy . * * * "We proclaim aloud our respect for the sovereignty of the Pontiff , { as head of the universal church , without restriction or condition . " This is strange language for men to use in the selfsame document in which they have detailed a series of perfidious and bloody enormities perpetrated by their precious Popes , sufficient to
"Damn to everlasting fame " the " cowl'd and hypocritical monks , " base imitators of the Csesars in their crimes , without one spark of the redeeming qualities of Rome ' s old tyrants in their composition . How can these men couple in the same breath respect for the sovereignty of the Pontiff with their desire to establish the rights of the country and humanity ? The two cannot co-exist . In the Pope ' s eyes , humanity has no rights , the country has no rights , he rules by a " right divine , ' as the representative and vice-gerent of the Deity ; his government must , therefore , be perfect . If his sovereignty as " head of the universal church without restriction or condition" is admitted , it is folly to dispute his sway , or to call on him to ameliorate
his rule . We may be told that we are confounding the Pope ' s temporal with big spiritual authority ; even so , but does not the Pope confound the two ? does he not hold his temporal in virtue of his spiritual authority . The sword of his authority is two-edged , and he will no mere consent to blunt the one than the other . See the falsehood , villanry , and treachery , which the authors of this manifesto charge the Popes with , only during the last few years . / See Pope Pius VII . voluntarily promising to establish a regime similar to that of the "Kingdom of Italy , " and then so soon as he was firmly seated inthe Pontifical chair , violating his promise , and persecuting the friends of progress , labouring to " take vengeance on the thoughts , the sentiments , and the secret wishes of
the people . See Leo XII" oppressing" the people by incarceration , ' exile , and death ; restoring the infernal inquisition , and otherwise endeavouring to utterly uproot civilisation . See Pics VIII . " following- in the footsteps of his predecessor . " See the present Pope , Gregoey XYL ; after the people had declared their wishes , by an unanimous revolution , see him announcing his concurrence with the new era , and then as soon as the Austrian legions had put down the popular power , see this same Pope first treating with contempt the respectful and moderate petitions of the people , and then establishing a ten years of "terror , " not yet extinct , during which this same holy monster has waged a war of extermination against all suspected of liberalism . Confiscations ,
banishments , and murders by wholesale , have been the means used by him to destroy those who allowed themselves to be deceived by his holy perjuries . Let it be remembered too , that when the kings of Naples and Sardinia desired to -violate the oaths they had taken to maintain the constitutions achieved by the people of those countries , and to which constitutions they had given their own solemn assent , they found the Pope ready tosabsolve them from their oaths and willing to sanctify their perjuries . So for himself his Popeship , in the day . of his tribulation , will take any oath , or swear to give or assent to anything , but once let him acquire his lost power again , and he will immediately declare his promise and his most sacred oaths null and void : —
when the devil was sick , the devil a saint would be ; When the devil got well , the devil a saint was he . Andean his devilship—we'beg pardon , his Popeship we mean—can he do wrong ? Certainly not . He is the head of the church " without restriction . or condition , " and as " God ' s vicegerent" he may take or break what oaths he pleases ! The "temporal reforms" demanded by the authors of the manifesto are verj " moderate" indeed , but we will not criticise them . It may be that those demands , together with the ultra-veneration for the Pope , are put forth to conciliate the ignorant , prejudiced , and priest-ridden amongst the Italian people , by men who are more liberal than they dare , or deem it prudent to avow . If so , the necessity for so acting is to be lamented . It may be taken for granted that while the Pope continues to rule as a priestly despot , he will never be induced to relinquish his temporal tyranny .
A letter from Home of the 18 th of October mentions that the Government was still uneasy respecting the disaffection of its subjects . The state prisons were filled with Y , 000 prisoners , many of them of the first families . We wonder what these unhappy prisoners , many of them , no doubt , destined to be slaughtered , think of the " dignity of the Apostolic throne ? " Woe to "humanity , " and "humanity's rights , " when Pontiffs rule " withoutrestriction or condition ' . "
Axdover, Oci. 27.—Blyth, The Newly-Elect...
Axdover , Oci . 27 . —Blyth , the newly-elected mas ter , has not yet arrived . Mr . "Westlake is to resign on Saturday next , November the 1 st . Dr . Hammond is to succeed him , he paying a formal visit to the house this day ( Monday ) . 1 'he unfortunate woman , Mary Barrett , who gave her evidence first in this inquiry , died in the union house on Friday morning last , and was buried at twelve o'clock this day in the parish churchyard , having never recovered the cruelty exercised towards her since her admission , though every attention and comfort had been administered for the last six weeks . She had wasted to a perfect skeleton . The greatest insubordination prevails in the union at the present time . Price not seeming to care for the inmates , and they not caring for him , knowing he is so soon to give place to
another master . To show to what extent such feeling is carried by the men and boys in the union , no less than 48 panes of glass have been wantonly broken within a week , and the only punishment inflicted on the paupers so offending was that only seven ounces of bread should be given them instead of their usual quantity of meaton Saturday last—thecaseisnoteven taken notice of by the guardians , or at least the complaints were not brought before . them . Mr . John Lywood , of Upper Glatford , guardian , states that the bone-crushing would not have been continued after the first complaint , had not Mr . Westlake stated before the board , on the 16 th of' August , " that his opinion was , it ( the crushing ) was " neither overlaborious nor injurious to the health of the ablebodied paupers , and that the stench so complained of by Mr . Mundy was not true . "
Death of a Convict in the Compter . —On Mon ^ day night Mr . Payne held an inquest in the governor ' s room of the Compterprison , Giltspur-street , on the body of Henry Moffat , aged 37 » a convict in that prison , whose death occurred under the circumstances subjoined : —It appeared in evidence that the deceased was married , hut had not resided with 1 bis wife for the last two years . Since then he had been in the employ of Messrs . Burls and Co ., Manchester warehousemen , Wood-street , Cheapside , where he committed an act of felony , and was brought to Ithe aboveprison on the . 27 th of last August . Having
been convicted of the charge ,: he was sentenced to four months on the tread-mill . By immoderate drinking , deceased had contracted a disease of the heart , which was severely acted upon by his imprisonment , and , on the 18 Qi instant , he . became so Hi that it was found necessary to place him under the care of the prison surgeon , who stated thathis malady was dropsy-of the pericardium , of which , notwithstanding all the attention paid to him , under the express orders of the governor of that prison , he died on Saturday evening , about nine o ' clock . Verdict—Deceased died from long standing dicease of the heart .
MelakchoiiY and Fatal CoAirHi / Accident . — Bristol , Oct . 27 . —On Saturday last the greatest consternation prevailed at Kingswood , in consequence of a report that several men had been Mlled in a coal-pit . Thereport proved but too true .. It appears that on Saturday , at one o ' clock ; the men engaged in the Upper Souhdwell Pit , Kingswopd , the property of S . ISHrittack , Esq ., were leaving their work , five of the number had entered ; the basket , or " cart , " as the colliers call it here , for the purpose of being drawn up" to the top , when the rope broke , and they were precipitated to the hottom of the pit—a distance of twenty-six yards . Besides the five Who had entered the bucket , a sixth was about g etting into it , and was also dragged down , with it . tnree
Four were killed instantly ; a Mth lingerea quarters of an hour , and then died . - The man who fiad not entered the basket was dreadfully mangled ; his arm , which was fractured , has since been amputated , and he lies nowinaverydangerousstate . Is sooh as a rope could be ^ ftom ^ # IPvfi bodies were drawn up , and presented a frightful spectacle . The scene at this moment was beyond descriptions-children calling for their fathers , anu wives deploring ; in the most frantic manner , the loss of their husbands . The names of the killed are-William Harris , aged about 60 , leaving a wile and
We family , most of whom , however , aremarned ; WilliamBassett , between 60 and 70 years ; Thomas Bird , about 40 , leaving a wife and five children ; Benjamin Wilshire , 33 , leaving a wife and . three children ; and John Porter , 30 , leaving a wife and six chiMren . The wounded ' manV name is George Bntteri ;; uefcasalsoaW ^ A melancholy coincidence wprth . recording ; , has . ha £ pen ^; , through this accident , to the ^ wife . of the | deceased man Wilshife . . She'had been previously married ; and' her former husband was Mlled iii apit by the breaking ' of a ; rope . Shei had ' also ; , the same numhiriOf children ( three ) by ea « h husband . f i
Agriculture Anfr Horticulture
agriculture anfr horticulture
Field-Garden Operations. For The. Week C...
FIELD-GARDEN OPERATIONS . For the . Week commencing Monday , Nov . 3 rd , 1 S 43 . - LEitractedfromaDiARYofile ( M « Z Operations on five small farms on the estates of the late Mrs . D . Gilbert , near Eastbourne , in Sussex ; and on several model farms on the estates of the Earl of Dartmouth at Slaithwaite , in Yorkshire , published by Mr . Nowell , of Farnley Tyas , near Huddersfield , in order to guide other possessors , of field gardens , by showing them what Labours ought to be undertaken on their own lands . The farms selected as models are—First . Two school farms at Willingdon and Eastdean , of
hve acres each , conducted by G . Cruttenden and John Harris . Second . Two private farms , of five or six acres : one worked by Jesse Piper , the other by John Dumbrell—the former at Eastdean , the latter at Jevington—all of them within a few miles of Eastbourne . Third . An industrial school farm at Slaithwaite . Fourth . Several private model farms near the same place . The consecutive operations in these reports will enable the curious reader to compare the climate and agricultural value of the south with the north of England . The Diauy . is aided by "Notes and Observations" from the pen of Mr . Nowell , calculated for the time and season , which we subjoin .
"Can you keep a pig ? You will find a pig the best save-aU that you can have about a garden , and he will pay you well for his keep . " — The Sev . It . W . KyWsUcture . Note . — The school farms arc cultivated by boys , ivlio in return for three hours' teaching in the morning give three hours of their labour in the afternoon for the master ' s benefit , ivhich renders Hie schools SEW supporting . We believe that at Farnly Tyas sixseventJis of the produce . of the school farm will be assigned ta the boys , and one-seventh to the master " tvhowill receive the usual school-fees , help the boys to etdtivute their land , and teach them , in addition to reading , writing , dec , to convert their produce into bacon , by attending to ' pig-heping , which at Christmas may be divided , after , payiny rent and levy , amongst them in proportion to their services , and be made thus indirectl y to reach their parents in a way the most grateful to their feelings . ' ]
SUSSEX , Monday— Willingdon School . Boys digging-for wheat Eastdean School . Sixteen boys , weather being wet were platting straw for making hats , and thrashi ing wheat over a barrel . Piper . Digging up potatoes . Dumbrell . Kainy day , no report . Tuesday— WilluigdohSchool .- "Wefcday , boysinschool . Eastdean School . Wet day , platting for hats , thrashing wheat , or in school . Piper . No report . Dumbre ll . Wet , digging a few potatoes . Wednesday -j Willingdon School . Boys digging for wheat . Eastdean School . Boys digging for and sowing wheat , or pulling carrots , oneof them 6 lbs . in weight . Piper . No report . Dumbre ll . Digging np carrots and potatoes .
iflURSDAT—WiUingdon School . Boys carrying out - manure for wheat . Eastdean School . Boys emptying tank , pulling carrots and storing them . Piper . Spreading dung on his grass land . Dumbrell . Digging up carrots and potatoes , heifer carrying dung and potatoes . Fbtday— Willingdon School . Boys carrying out manure for wheat . Eastdean School . Boys drawing manure for wheat , digging , sowing wheat , and picking stones . Piper . Pulling carrots , turnips , and mangel wurzel , and storing them . Dumbrell , Rainy day , no report . Saturday— Willingdm School . Boys digging for wheat . Eastdeqn School . Taking in a wheat rick , emptying portable pails , pigstyes , and cleaning school . Piper , Raking , and clearing away leaves , and all lands of rubbish near the house . Dumbrell Burying potatoes , drilling wheat , heifer carrying dung and potatoes .
COW-FEEDING . Willingdon School . Cows fed on white turnips and DumbreU ' s . One- cow fed with carrot tops and straw for one day ; with turnips , mangel wurzel , and straw for two days ; with turnips , carrot tops , and straw for four days . Cow and heifer fed : all the week on turnips , carrot tops , and straw . "Wheat Dmlung . —On light land , driU your wheat about three inches deep , the seed being well under the surface , is less the prey of birds , and less in danger from the frost , and by rooting more and deeper before it rises above the surface , the stalks obtain greater nourishment for the ears , the corn is more plpmp , and the stems resist the wind and weather better , and stand more erect ; on wet stiff soil , however , it is not requisite to put it in more than one and a half or two inches deep .
ON THICK AND THIN SOWING , > The question of thin sowing is a most important one , individually and nationally , involving the consideration whether we do not bury in the soil every year wastefully and prejudicially three million nuarteis of corn . I have endeavoured to bring my mind quite unprejudiced totheexamination of this question , and present , for the consideration of my brother agriculturists , some facts and reasonings with a view to stimulate unprejudiced experiments , which , I hope ,, will be fairly tried on a moderate scale , for an average of seasons , in every district . . Before proceeding to the general question , I would propound as theories , supported by facts observable within my own knowledge on my own farm . —
1 . That the tendency of thin sowing is to increase the size , vigour and perfect development of the stem , ear , and kernel , prolonging its growth , and consequently delaying its maturity . ^ 2 . That , on the contrary , thick sowing hastens ripening , but renders the plant in every respect more diminutive and less productive . 3 . That a large quantity of seed will . not produce so large a crop in a short time , as a small quantity of Seed in a longer time ; the supply of manure , soil , and climate being alike to both . 4 . That dibbling delays the maturity of a corn crop , but promotes its tillering .
o . That drilling and broadcasting hasten its maturity , but diminish its tillering . C . That the propriety of thick , moderate , or thin sowing must depend on the nature , quality , and condition of the soil ; the comparative temperature and moisture of the climate , and the period at which it may be most convenient to the farmer to put in his seed . The quantity that would be judicious in the luxuriant soil and moist warm climate ' of the south and west of Ireland and England , would most probably be quite insufficient in the highlands of . Scotland , or in our cold and dry northern and eastern districts , with long winters and short summers .
7 . That neither a large nor a small quantity of seed"Tvill produce a full ' crop if the soiljcontains only foodenoiighforhalfacrop ^ ,. ; . 8 . That a small quantity of seed sown at aproper early period , with deep and frequent cultivation between the widely-placed rows , will produce a much larger return than an abundantly-seeded close-sown crop in which the horse-hoe , could not be worked . Tillage here supplies an equivalent for manure . 9 . That by varying the quantity of seed we sow in our different fields , we can cause an interval of succession in their ripening , and so prevent their all coming ready for the sickle at the same time . This is convenient at harvest time .
10 . That on land that has been subsoiled or trenched for the previous root-crop ,, the wheat crop is delayed in its maturity at least one week . This is worth noticing—the , fact being , obvious in several of my fields this season . The cause is a more vigorous and prolonged growth ; which instructs us that in well-drained , deeply-cultivated soils we may expect greater bulk , and should therefore give longer time for growth byearlier and thinner sowing . I am convinced that thin sowing must rank with deep drainage and deep tillage as one of the bases of bur agricultural structure . To Jethro . Tull in ancient , and to Mr . Hewitt Davis in modern times , belongs the honour and credit of this discovery . The latter gentleman ' s essay ( rejected by the Royal
Agricultural Society , ) , supported by long and well-proved Sractice , is one of the most important agricultural ocuments ever promulgated—second only to deep drainage and deep and frequent tillage , on which it is dependant . The mere rejection of this document is a great honour to Mr . Davis ; for it proves his practice to be so far in advance of his own times , that cautious men are afraid to go with him , even in his facts . It was no doubt the fear of a great responsibiliiy * that caused Mr . Davis to lose the prize to which he aspired ; but his honour will and must , nevertheless , soon come , -and be ; followed by an amendment of our , at present , wretchedly defective system of tillage . I will now proceed to give reasons for the opinions I have expressed . In various portions of my fields I have dibbled and drilled wheat at the rate of two pecks and three quarters , four pecks , andfive pecks per acre . These have been sown m
December and January . ItwiilbereadUy aamitxeu that if I can , obtain a crop from such / ate and thin sowing in a winter like the last ( which . has been almost a continuous frost since the time of sowing until May ) , the experiment has been tested under the most adverse circumstances . Infact , so severe has it been that , on the north side , or rounded edgeol the stetchesin one well drained field , some , portion oi both the dibbled and drilled thick and thin sown have each perished where the snow was blown off , and the birds were most persevering in their . attacks . . _ So thin ( but not yellow ) have , looked my wheats , that we have been most abundantly pitied or blamed by our numerous visitors , until mjr late tenant ( who manages for me ) absolutely fancied they must be right , and quite desponded . 'Tis true , here and there a visitor has remembered that his wheats , which , he had half determined on ploughing up in early spring owing totheir wretched appearance , have
Field-Garden Operations. For The. Week C...
always turned out his best crops . And we have been occasionall y consoled by a stray remark , " Oh ! it will get together , there will be wheat enough ;"J ™ * "he more than people expect : " and so on . Whilst another has remembered that his luxuriant crop Of April has , in a cold and wet July and August , been laid , matted , and rotted , or destroyed . Howl ever , amid this storm of conflicting opinions , I have calmly and confidently looked on as an unprejudiced observer depending on facts and common sense , and not on opiniohs . The most interesting way of viewing thin sowing would be to consider—Its effects on the whole course of rotation . Its increase in the quantity of food . Its diminution of the waste of food . Its substitution of corn for weeds . Its progressive and continuous amelioration of the soil .
And by all these its increase of profit to the tenant and landlord . I have taken some pains to ascertain how results , adverse to the principle of thin sowing , have been obtained . The Mowing are illustrations amongst others : — Well , you-sowed three pecks per acre : how did it answer ? We did not get quite so much as with eiphtpecks . Did / you give it more than usual hoeings ?—No , we gave it two hand-hoeings . Were there not many weeds ?—Oh , yes , a great many more than usual . It did not occur to you that the ground being so much less covered in the plant ' s early growth , that it was necessary to prevent entirely the growth of weeds
by additional hoeing ?—jS o , it did not . " Ana-do yon consider this a fan- trial ? -We do . Why is wheat an exhausting crop ? and why are roots not considered a scourging crop , although they really are much more so than wheat ? We may satcly compare the undisturbed shaded cold and sour ground under a dense wheat crop to soil shaded by trees . Ihero is a foul fusty smell in soil that has been long excluded from light , very different from the healthy nosegay of a summer tilth . In one case we see the result ; ui the other we only seethe wheat . We adrtut that the benefits of light , air , and evening dews are great ; nobody'denies the excellence of a clean fallow . That atmosphere which has disintegrated and reduced ' to dust the solid marbles and cities
of antiquity , will alike chemically decompose the particles of earth we expose to its influence . Freuuent tillage and comminution is our best and cheapest manure ; and yet we obstinately decline followi » £ t JetnroTull ' s and Mr . Hewett Davis ' s plan o f & fallow amongst the growing com crops . This is the great secret of Mr . Davis ' s subsequent good crops . The soil is ready to receive them . Were we to treat our turnip crop as we do our wheat crop , where would be the following crop ? Imagine a crop of turnips on the ground ten months out of the twelve , not thinned , and only a couple of scratchings , called hand-hoeings , bestowed on it . Oh ! but a turnip swells so . Weil , does not a wheat plant swell into a giant if you will but give it space and time .
with deep and frequent cultivation and ample food ? Would you have grown into your well-developed form had you been cramped in the clothing of your boyish daysj and had not more room been given to you as you advanced in size ? The struggle for air , light , and food is quite as great amongst a crowded wheat crop on poor land , as it was amongst our unfortunate countrymen when confined in the blaekrhole at Calcutta . Like them , many perish in the struggle . The puny ears , shrivelled kernels , and spindling stems , are caused by the plants striving to get their heads above their companions , whose pressure on their sides forces them up to a longitudinal decrepitudfe . Here let me quote the truthful , eloquent , and impressive words of Professor Johnstone : — " The light
ot the sun , in the existing economy of nature , is indeed equally necessary to the health of plants and of animals . The former become pale and sickly , and refuse to perform their most important chemical functions when excluded irom the light . The bloom disappears also from the human cheek , the body wastes away , and the spirit sinks , when the unhappy prisoner is debarred from the sight of the blessed sun . In hit system , too , the presence of light is ne cessary to the performance of those chemical functions , on which the healthy condition of the vital fluid depends . " . Who after this will advocate the exclusion of light by thick sowing ? A blanched sea-kale is a powerful illustration of the effect of the absence of light . I do not consider the system of thin sowing can be profitably carried out with the ordinary hand-hoe . My plan is to use Garrett and Son ' s horse-hoe ,
which covers a whole stetch , seven feet two inches wide , and will , with two horses , disturb deeply ten acres per day , and remove all weeds from between the rows . I shall use it weeds or no . weeds , whenever the ground is dry , for the purpose of fallowing the land , and facilitating the escape of moisture and change of air by percolation and evaporation ; whilst the warm night dews are in summer admitted into the ' open comminuted surface . Unless this is done thin sowing must prove a failure , The horse-hoe should precede and succeed such little hand-hoeing as may be necessary between the plants . It is a singular corroborative fact that bur dibbled wheat ( on the heavy land , not the light land ) , which looked best all the winter , during the spring rains turned yellow ,
which I attribute entirely to our being unable to horse-hoe between the rows . The thin sown drilled , which had been horse-hoed , looked beautifully green on the same description of soil . I am having Newberry's dibbling machine altered to cover the whole stetch , seven feet two , with foot distance between the rows , so as to enable me to use Garrett ' s horse hoe . I am not aware there was any other cause for the yellow appearance of the dibbled portion . Horse-hoeing , or opening of the soil , I consider indispensable with' all crops / but especially dibbled wheats on heavy land : being deeply reoted , they are deprived by a tenacious surface of a proper supply of oxygen , < fcc ., without which the roots cannot perform their functions .
In light or mellow soils there is no such risk . In such soils all corn should be dibbled ; but until I have an opportunity another season of trying dibbled wheat on heavy land , well horse-lioed , I am not prepared to say , whether dibbling with a machine in a late cold and wet season is advisable on heavy lands . I am convinced drilling is tobepreferred to dibbling , it ' we get a cold wet spring and cannot use the horse-hoe . Such soils ( even though recently drained ) in wet cold weather become so much | solidified , as to prevent evaporation and consequently percolation , and the circulation of air , unless the surface is frequently opened by cultivation . Even in drained heavy land the surface should be kept well open , for when the surface is sodden or , solidified , the internal water cannot
descend to the drains . As an illustration , liquid will riot flow , out of a cask unless we let in air above by removing the vent peg . The deeper the roots the more they suffer . It may be admitted that , in such rare seasons as the last ,-dense . crops were productive , because from the extraordinary drought , innumerable cracks or fissures were the means of permitting extensive percolation and evaporation , but against such a season must be balanced those more commonly wet ones , which cause loss by mildewed and laid crops . But even , last year , I know of thin crops being the most productive on well cultivated soils . The deficiency in the number of stems is compensated by the length , size , and uniformity of the ears , and the greatly increased number of kernels , 110 of which I have
freauently counted from one wheat ear .- The blade or ag leaf is also of course much larger . It is well known that on poorlightlands wheats never tiller or branch so well as in heavier soils ; there is a tendency to a more rapid or surface growth ; In order to prevent this , they should , in such soils , be well rolled when sown , and as soonas they are above ground ; and again shortly after , as well as in the spring . This checks their upward growth , and obliges the tap root to descend into the subsoil , out of the way of frost and excessive drought , for there are two roots to wheat , a fibrous surface root and a downward tap root , which are connected by a neck between , them ( varying from one to six inches , according to the depth , at which the seed is placed . )
For wantoi this autumnal rolling , many thousand acres of light land wheats have this severe winter been killed by the frost which perished the roots ; especially on the north-side of the stitches . A farmer who lost fifty acres told me to day , that where he rolled in autumn he saved his wheats , having previously observed that where cart-wheels had passed over the land , the plant was vigorous . No implement answers so well for this purpose as CrosskilTs clodroller . Of course , inheavyland such rolling cannot be required in a wet autumn ; in a very dry one it might be useful , although such land would seldom require pressure . Supposing we are satisfied to receive as a crop five quarter ^ or 160 . pecks of wheat per acre , —what ratio of increase ^ do we require from each kernel , assuming that we sow two pecksper acre ? Why ' eighty kernels
or one mil sized ear . ( I saw some ears last season containing 100 kernels . ) ' ¦ ' . "" Now where is the man to deny that the average produce from each kernel may be , instead of eighty kernels , from ' 500 to 2000 or more , with ample space , absence of weed ^ , wire-worm , and game . . " . It is quite clear , that on the tillering or branching of wheat , depends the whole questiori ~ that branching or tillering is indicative of vigour in the roots , both tap and fibrous . That vigour can alone be produced by deep drainage , early sowing , frequent , deep , andclean . cultivation , a totalabsenceofweeds , occasional top-dressings of manure , if the land is not of rich quality , ortheplant be weak ; and on light land , ample rollings . With the present defective system of farming , thin sowing mustbe & failure . 'Vl-ici * " T . J . Miche . July 1845 . ., ¦
•'¦» Inl9-20ths Of The ; Heavy Undrained...
•'¦» Inl 9-20 ths of the heavy undrained , weedy , halfctilled lands of this country , thin sowing wbtdd be in wet winters a ruinous affair , because we well know in such seasons , on such lands , much of the seed rots or perishes . " In fact , I have often heard farmers say . the water lies in ; or follows the line of drill , and yet such men never dream of drainage . Butonchalks , limestones ,, sands , gravels , other setf-drain ' ed soils , thin' sowing ( or , in preference , thin dibbling ) cannotiail to ; be profitable , provided ] the horseshoe and handihoe ( wiffibeavy autumnal and spring rollings ) keep the intermediate surface ' open and free .- "It was ; no , doubt , a consideration-of these cir ' evunstances that caused the society to decide as they did , .
Coura6e.~It Is A Popular Error To Suppos...
CouRA 6 E . ~ It is a popular error to suppose that couragetoeans courage in ' everything ; Put a here on boar ^ shio at . a five-barred gate , and if he is not used to nuntinghe will turn pale ; Put a fox-huntei on oneof the * Swiss ^ chasms , ' over which the mountamejerspririgs ' like a roeiand'His ^ hees will kn ock under him ; Pe ~ ople arebrave'inthe'dahger to which they accustom themselve ^' either' jn imagination or ma , < A \ Mi—Bulwer , ' ¦¦ ••• ' ¦ ' - ' ^ =- , - ¦ - ¦ ' -- '
; Iflapt
; iflapt
London Corn Exchange, Monday, Oct. 2?.— ...
London Corn Exchange , Monday , Oct . 2 ? . — The past week's arrivals of English wheat for our market , coastwise , were large—viz ., nearly 10 , 000 quarters ; but by land carriage very little came to hand from any part . The receipts of barley , oats , beans , and flour , were limited , but those of peas good . From Ireland and Scotland comparatively few parcels of any kind of grain reached us , while the imports of foreign produce were not to say extensive . Fresh up to-day comparatively little wheat came to hand from the neighbouring counties , yet the stands were somewhat largely filled ; many parcels appearing on the market left over from last week . Notwithstanding the attendance of buyers wasnumerous .
the demand for all descriptions of home produce was somewhat inactive . However , the finest parcels of both red and white were mostly taken at prices quite equal to those obtained on Monday last ; but those of the middling and out of condition sorts had , in some instances , a downward tendency . The favourable weather experienced during the last ten days caused the wheat to come to hand in much better condition than for some time past . The show of free foreign wheat was small , but fully equal to the wants of the trade . Selected qualities moved off freely ; other kinds slowly , at last week's currencies . , In bond very few transactions took place in wheat , but several speculative purchases were made in oats , beans , and peas , at extreme rates . The barley trade , though the arrivals have been rather limited , was not to say brisk , nevertheless malting parcels commanded a rise of Is . per quarter , and the value of grinding and distilling sorts had an upward tendency , At the close of the market nearly the whole of the supply was
cleared off . For superhne season-made malt the sale was rather active , at fully previous rates . Other kinds quite as dear . The show of oats was very small , owing to which , the extensive . 'demand , and the high rates ruling in Ireland .. together with advices having been received to the effect that very few shipments are making from the principal Irish ports either to London or Liverpool , the quotations ( which rose quite Is . on Friday ) ruled 2 s . to 3 s . per quarter higher than on this day se ' nnight , . and at which , a total clearance was effected . The supply of beans was far from extensive . All kinds moved off freely at rather more money . As has been the case for some time past , peas commanded a brisk inquiry , at a rise in the quotations of from Is . to 2 s . per quarter . For export very little was doing . The supply from our own coasts was again large , and of good quality . Flour was in' fair request , and the best town-made was selling at 60 s . per 280 lbs . Canary seed was Is . to 2 s . . per quarter dearer . Linseed was in requestat more money . Other kinds of seeds supported late rates .
CURRENT PRICES OP GRAIN , FLOUR , AND SEED
IN MARK-LANE . BBITISB OnAIN . Shillings per Quarter . Wheat .. Essex & Kent , white , new .. 62 to 72 .. 67 to 76 Ditto , red . 58 68 .. 60 72 Suffolk and Norfolk , red .. 60 65 white 69 71 Lincoln and York , red .. 61 67 white 66 71 Nortliumb . and Scotch . . . 61 69 Rye .. .. .. 29 32 Barley „ Malting " 33 36 extra 38 — Distilling .. .. .. SO 35 Grinding 25 27 Malt .. Shin .. 54 58 Ware GO 62 Malt .. Ship .. 8 * savrareuo oz
Oats .. Lincolnshire and Yorkshire , feed , 26 s Od to 28 s 0 d ; potato , or short , 27 s Od to 81 s Od ; Poland , 26 s 6 d to 31 s 6 d ; Northumberland and Scotch , Angus , 29 s 6 d to 31 s 6 d ; potato , 32 s 6 d to 33 s 6 d ; Irish feed , 25 s Od to 27 s Cd ; black , 25 s Od to 27 s Od ; potato , 26 s Od to - 23 s 0 d ; Galway , 24 s Od to 25 s Od . Beans .. Ticks 38 42 Harrow , small .. .. 38 44 Peas .. 'White 41 48 boilers 50 54 Gray and hog .. .. 39 . 42 Flour .. Norfolk and Suffolk .. 45 51 Town . mado ( persackof 280 lbs 48 fi 6 Buckwheat , or Brank ...... 30 32
ENGLISH SEEDS , & C . Red clover ( per cwt . ) .. .. . .. 40 to 70 White clover ( per cwt . ) .. .. .. .. 4 74 Eapeseed ( per last ) .. ... .... « £ 26 28
FOREIGN GRAIN . Shillings per Quarter . Free . In Bond . Wheat .. Dantsic and Konigsberg 68 extra 70 .. 53 — 58 Ditto ditto .. 65 — 68 ... 50 — 53 Pomeranian , & c ., Anhalt 59 - — 67 .. 43 — 55 Banish , Hblstein , & c . . ' . 57 — 63 .. 43 — 53 Russian , hard .. .. 53 — 57 Ditto , soft .. .. 53 — 50 .. 40 — 52 Spanish , hard .. .. 59 — Ditto , soft .. .. 61 — 65 „ 44 — 48 Italian , Tuscan , & c ., red 62 — 48 Ditto , white .. .. 64 — 70 .. 46 — 54 Odessa & Taganrog , hard 54 — 07 Ditto , soft .. .. 51 — 59 .. 39 — 45 Canadian , hard .. . 57 — 60 Ditto , fine .. i . 61 — 63 Rvc . Russian , Prussian , & e . 28 — 30
Barle .. Grinding 26 — 31 Ditto , distilling .. .. 31 — 34 .. 19 — 26 Oats .. Dutch , feed .. .. 22 — 25 Ditto , brew and thick .. 24 ¦ — £ 7 .. 17 — 21 Russian 21 — 24 .. 15 — 19 Danish & Mecklenburg 20 — 23 .. 14 — 17 Beans .. Ticks , 33 to 39 , smaU .. 37 — 44 .. 32 — 43 Egyptian .. .. .. 30 — 35 .. 28 — 34 Peas .. White , 40 to 56 , gray .. 42 — 40 Flour .. Dantsic and Hamburgh ( per barrel ) , fine 28 32 , superfine .. .. 31 — 36 .. 21 — 24 Canada , 31 to 34 , United States .. .. .. 32 — 38 .. 21 — 26 Buckwheat 30 — 35 . Mustard seed , brown ( per bushel ) 9 s to 14 s ; white , 10 s to 15 s . Linseed cakes ( per 1000 of 31 b each ) £ 11 to £ 1110 s . .
FOKEION SEEDS , & C . Per Quarter . Linseed Petersburg !! and Riga ( free of duty ) .. 42 to 44 Archangel , 40 to 43 , Mcniel and Konigsberg .. .. .. .. .. .. 42 44 Mediterranean , 40 to 46 , Odessa .. 44 46 Rapeseed ( free of duty ) per last .. .. £ 24 26 Med Clover ( 10 s per cwt . and 5 per cent , on the duty ) .. .. .. .. .. .. 40 02 JIThite ditto .. .. .. .. 45 68 f ares , small spring ( free of duty ) 31 to 33 , large .. 40 — Linseed cake ( tree of duty ) , Dutch , £ 710 s , £ 810 s , French , per ton .. .. .. .. .. £ 715 , £ 815 Rape cakes ( free of duty ) ., „ „ .. £ 5 £ 5 5
Average Prices Of The Last Six Weeks, Wh...
AVERAGE PRICES Of the last six weeks , which regulate the Duties from the 23 rd to the 29 th of October .
Wheat Barley Oats .. Rye . Beans Peas . . „ . , v s . d . s . d . s . d . s . d . s . d . s . d . Week . ending Sept . 13 , 1845 .. 54 1 31 0 22 3 33 . 2 42 10 36 5 Week ending Sept . 20 , 1845 .. 54 1 31 0 22 3 33 2 42 10 30 5 Week ending . Sept . 27 , 1840 ., 52 6 39 9 21 7 32 8 42 5 37 0 Week ending Oct . 4 , 1843 .. 53 . 2 30 2 22 2 33 1 42 5 38 9 Week ending Oct . 11 , 1845 .. 56 0 31 1 23 4 33 8 43 1 42 6 Week ending Oct . 18 , 1845 .. 57 9 31 3 23 4 34 . 2 43 . 1 44 4
Aggregate aver . age of the last six weeks .. 54 11 31 0 22 7 33 4 42 8 39 3 London averages ( ending Oct . 21 , 1845 ) 63 4 34 4 25 0 37 5 40 . 8 46 7 Duties .-.. .. 18 , 0 7 0 6 0 9 6 10 3 6
. Lonbon Smithpikld Mabket, Monday, Oct....
. Lonbon Smithpikld Mabket , Monday , Oct . 27 . — The past week ' s imports of foreign stock into London have been only moderate , viz ., ' 51 oxen , 87 * cows , and 300 sheep from Rotterdam , together with 25 oxen from Hamburgh , and . about 40 small pigs from France . To-day only about 30 foreign beasts and 120 sheep were on offer , the whole of which found buyers at full prices . At the ^ outpbrts about : 200 beasts and sheep , have been received , chiefly from Holland . From our own grazing districts the arrivals of beasts fresh up this morning were very extensive , the time of year censidered , and , on the whole , of improved quality . The attendance of buyers being very numerous , the primest Scots , Devons , Herefords , runts , & c , commanded a very steadg sale , at prices fully equal to those obtained on Monday , last . The middling and inferior kinds were not quite so
active as on that day ; -nevertheless , previous rates were well supported , and a good clearance was effected . From the northern counties we received about 2000 shorthorns ; from the eastern districts , 300 Scots , homebreds , shorthorns , & c . ; from the western . and midland' parts of England , 700 Herefords , Devons , runts , & c . ; from other parts , 400 of various breeds ; from Ireland , ' 90 beasts ; and from Scotland , 120 horned and polled Scots : ; The number of sheep were again small , owing to winch the : mutton trade was decidedly brisk , and the quotations had , in . some instances , an upward tendency . _ The demand for veal was active , and rates were quite 4 d . per 81 bs . higher than on' this day se ' nnight ; , A 1-though we had a fill average supply of pigs on offer , the sale for them was firm , and the last advance in the quorations was well supported .
By the quantities of 81 b „ sinking the offal . :. B . d . . -. 8 , : ! d , Inferior coarse beasts . 2 . '¦ ' . 2 ; 8 Second quality . . 2 10 . . 3 . 4 Prime large oxen . 3 ° f . 1 Prime Scots , dsc . . . ¦ ; -2 1 i Coarse inferior sheep . . f" 2 ' 1 ^ 2 Second quality . . . * * 4 j i Prime coarse woolled . . * *> * ' {? Prime Southdown . * '" ¦* , " Large coarse calves . . ' ¦ " b •«¦ 0 ' 4 Prime small . . ¦ . ¦ ¦ . 2 - 30 ; « Suckling calves , each . ' I 10 4 6 Largehogs . ' . - . 8 5 : 4 Neat smaU porkers . . . ¦ - * ° „ ; : quarter-old store pigs , each Jib « U , V HEAD OF CATXIpE OH SAM . f . .
( Prom the Books of the Clerk of the Market , )^ BeasS ? 954 ^ heep ; 24 , 250-Calves , 65-PigS i 317 . Richmond Corn Market , Oct . 25 . ~ We had a large supply of grain in our market t < Mlay . Weliave had another week of fine , weather , and most oftthe corn in this neighbourhood has been got into , stack in good condition . Old wheat sold Irom 8 s , 6 d ! ; to Gs . 6 d . ; new . ditto , 5 s ; to 8 s . ; oats , 3 s . to 4 s . ; barley , 4 s . 3 d . to 49 , 6 d , j ' beans , § s , 3 d , to fe . 6 d . per bushel .- .- ¦ ' - ' ¦ ' , . ;
" ' Manchester Corn Market, Satcbday, Oc...
" ' Manchester Corn Market , Satcbday , Oct . 25 .-Th se reported in the ^ Whe « t tr ade at Mark-hne this week , combined with weather of a more favourable character , has caused the transactions in flour to be of a less lively nature , than previously , htill afair consumptive demand for the : article has been experienced , and the stocks in first hands being of moderate extent only , the currency of the preceedwg market day was fully supported . Oats and oatmeal , influenced by continued gloomy reports . relative to the Potatoe crops , were' much inquired for and realized a further improvement in , prices . . At our market this morning all descriptions of wheat met a slow sale atthe currencv of this day se ' nnight . Flour was in steady , but not extensive request at former rates . On oats an advance of fully 4 d . per 451 bs . must be noted ; and oatmeal , both old and new , being taken off freely , was Gd . to Is . per load dearer . Beans were without change .
Liverpool Cohn Mahkex , FsinAY , Oct . 23 . —At our market this day there was only a slow retail demand for old wheat , at Tuesday ' s rates . New Irish was offering Id to 2 d per bushel lower , and hot much disposed of . There was a good demand for grinding barley , at very full prices . Beans were held for rather more money , and peas for an advance of 29 to 3 s per qr . There was a steady sale for both old and new oats , at an advance of Id . per bushel Oatmeal was Is per load dearer , and very little of either old ¦ or new offering . There was only- a slow sale for Irish and Canada-flour , at barely Tuesday ' s rates . We hoard of no sales of wheat under lock . Flour in bond Was much sought after , and 31 s per barrel would have been freely paid . '
Leeds Corn Market , Tuesday , Oct . 28 , — The arrival of all grain is small for this day ' s market , but as the demand is slow and limited to immediate wants , the supply of wheat proves quite equal to the demand ; and for all but the finest samples , we note a decline in value , and new wheat is Is to 2 s per qr . cheaper 4 han on this day week . There is a good demandfor barley , and the best descriptions bring full prices .: Oats continue scarce . No alteration m the value of beans , or other articles .,
Birmingham Corn Exchange , Thursday ] Oct . 23 . —^ At this day ' s market' there was only a moderate supply of wheat , which sold at l sj per quarter more than this day' se'nnight . Barley , ef all descri p tions , 2 s . per quarter dearer ; and oats realized a similar advance . Egyptian beans sold at an improvement of 2 s . to Ss . per quarter ; old'English , Is . to 2 s . higher . The retail price of flour -was advanced 3 s . 4 d .-per sack . Peas Is . to 2 s . dearer . The complaints of the potatoes continue to increase . Wakefield Corn Market , Friday , Oct . 24 . — The arrivals of wheat to this day ' s market are good , a great portion of which is new in poor condition . The demend for fine old runts is brisK , at fully last currency ; all new samples of good quality remain unaltered in value . Barley is steady . Beans as fully as dear as last Week . Oats are id . per stone , and shelling Is . to Is . fid . per load higher .
Bankrupt, &U
Bankrupt , & u
Bankrupts. (From Tuesday's Goxette, Octo...
BANKRUPTS . ( From Tuesday ' s Goxette , October 28 , 1845 J James Summers , of Cambridge , cabinet maker—George Michael Von Dadelszen , of ' 16 , Mincing-lane , City , merchant—George Hoskins , late of Old Broad-street , City , but now of Peckham , Surrey , watchmaker—William Bel . lamy , of 4 , Clarcuce-place , Middleton-road , Kingslandroad , builder—Isaac Blackburn , of 128 , Minories , and Northumberland-alley , Fenchurch-sh'eet , City , engineer-Edward Lcmau and Thomas Kinsman Bryan , of Upper Thames-street , City , wharfingers—Henry Tune , of 102 , BlacM'iarS'i-oadj boot and shoe manufacturer-Sophia Smith , of Garboldisham , Norfolk , grocer—William Bums , of Khvl , Flintshire , draper—James Docker , Birkenhead , joiner—Richard Warr , of Beaminster , Dorsetshire , auctioneer—Thomas Howarth , of Itochdale , woollen , manufacturer .
DIVIDENDS DECtAIlED . William Hill and William Kemble Waekerbar'th , of Leadenhall-street , City , ship agents , fourth dividend of 7 Jd in the pound , payable at 25 , Coleman-street , any Wednesday . „ , ; , „ ,.., ' Thomas Seddon and George Seddon , of Calthorpe-plaee , Gray's-lmi-road , upholsterers , first dividend of 20 s in the pound on the separate estate of Thomas Seddon , payable at 25 , Coleman-street , any Wednesday . John Morgan Leader , of 361 , Oxford-strect , coach maker , first dividend of 4 s lud in the pound , payable at i 5 , Coleman-street , any Wednesday . Kobert Currie , of Newcastle-upon-Tyne , bookseller , final dividend oi ' Sid in the pound ( in addition to 4 s 8 d in the pound previously declared ) , payable at 57 , Grey-street , Newcastle-upon-Tyne , any Saturday . , : Thomas Brewer , of Liverpool , flax dealer , first dividend of 2 s 3 d iu the pound , payable at 11 , Eldon-chambers , any Thursday . ,-,,-. j . ^ George Byford , of Liverpool , wholesale grocer , first dividend of us in the pound , payable at 11 , Eldoii-chamhers , on Thursday .
DIVIDENDS TO BE DECLARED . At the Court of Bankruptcy , London , Isaac Hughes , of Chelmsford , shoemaker , November 19 , at twelve—James Welsh , of the Coach and Horses , King , cross , Holloway , and of Chalgrave , Bedfordshire , victualler , November 19 , at twelve—Charles Scholefield , of Kingston-upon-Tbames , timber merchant , November 10 , at eleven—James Clarke Crespin , of 81 , Eastcheap , City , shipping agent , November 19 , at half-past twelve—Archibald Morton , Archibald Itodick ; and Charles Morton , of Wellingborough , Northamton shire , bankers , November 18 , at naif-past one—George How Green and George Couvthope Green , of Bargo-yiu-d , Bueklersbury , wholesale Eta tioners , November 18 , at eleven .
Tn the Country . William Michael Onions , of Westbromwich , ironfounder , November 27 , at twelve , at the Court of Bankruptcy , Birmingham—William Scott , of Manchester , grocer , November 28 , at twelve , atthe Court of Bankruptcy , Manchester —WiUiam Summers and Nicholas Itae , of Strangeways , Lancashire , ropemakers , November ID , at twelve , at the Court of Bankruptcy , Manchester—Edward Thomas Jones and Henry Morritt Croskill , of Itochdale , booksellers , November 19 , at twelve , at the Court of Bankruptcy , Manchester—Gregory Seceombeand Samuel Seecombe ,, of Tavistock , Devonshire , and Bude , Cornwall , tailors , November 20 , at eleven , at the Court of Bank , ruptcy , Exeter—William John Jacknian Coall , of Exeter , at the Court of
grocer , November 20 , at eleven , bankruptcy , Exeter—W . Reay , of Walker , Northunibciiaod , ship-builder , Nov . 19 , at twelve , at tho Court of Bankruptcy , Newcastle-upon-Tyne—George Walker , of Newcastle-upon-Tyne , ship insurance broker , November 19 , at eleven , at the Court of Bankruptcy , Newcastlo-upon-Tyne—John Palmer , sen ., of Stapleford , Nottinghamshire , and Thomas Topley Barker , ofSandiacre , Derbyshire , cotton doublers , November 21 , at twelve at the Court of Bankruptcy , Bir . mingham—John Clarke , Joseph Philips , and Thomas Smith , of Leicester , bankers , December 5 , at twelve , at the Court of Bankruptcy , Birmingham—James Heaton , of Ludlow , stationer , November 21 . at half-past eleven , at the Court of Bankruptcy , Birmingham . Certificates to be granted , unless cause be shown to the
contrary on the day of meeting . John Guy , of 30 , ; Bury-street , Westminster , publisher , November 19—Isaac de Joseph Ventura , of 3 , White Hartcourt , '¦¦ ¦ Bishopsgate-streut , merchant , November 19 — WiUiam Soffe , of 380 , Strand , print seller , November 19—Hczekiah Dcnby Coggan , of , 39 , Friday-street , City , warehouseman , November 18—Richard Garrett , of llenfield , Sussex , linen draper , November 18—Edward Mallan , of Brook street , Bond-street , and of Oxford-street , dentist , November 19—George Tupenny Peers , of Ironmonger Jane , Cheapside , plumber , November 19-John Holman Suckling , of Birmingham , ironmonger , November 21 . Certificates to be granted by the Court of Review , unless cause be shown to the contrary , on or before November 18 . John Riky , " of Liverpool , merchant—John Braithwaite , of Morpeth ; Northumberland , innkeeper .
PARTNERSHIPS DISSOLVED . Jane Robinson , Martha MMgley , and William Midgley , ofLiverpooi ; milliners-George Stebbing , sen ., and Horatio Nelson Stebbing , of Portsmouth , opticians-Ann Fenton , Robert Marsdeu , and George ; Marsden , of Sheffield , merchants ( so far as regards Ann Fenton)—Herman Julius Marcus and John Naylor , of Leeds , stockbrokers—Thomas Bartle and John Jarvis , of 260 , Strand , tailors-George Mountain and John Mountain , of Manchester , -general warehousemen—Frederick Piggott aiid Thomas Francis Giles , - ' of Richmond , Surrey , coal merchants—Caroline Lowe , Emma Lowe , and Frances Oakley , of Ryde , Isle of Wight , milliners ( so far as regards Frances Oakley )—Ben . iamin Sauire . Nathan Clough , and Henry Leppingwell , of
Leeds , painters—Charles Bartlett and Charles C . Pilford , of Gloucester , commission merchants—John M'Whan and WiUiam Haughton , of Liverpool , taUow chandlers-Charles Binning and-WiUiam Hurman , of Bridgewater , Somersetshire , linen drapers—Joseph Cox , John P . Cox , and , WiUiam Cox , of Bampton ,. Cumberland , malsters ( so far as regards William Cox ) —George Beaumont and Alexander Moorhouse Beaumont , of Honley and Huddersfield , Yorkshire , manufacturers—John Scandrett Harford , Abraham Gray Harford Battersby , Thomas Kington Bayly , John William Miles ^ and William Miles ' , of Bristol , bankers ( so far as regards John Scandrett Harford)—Frederick Arnold and-Edward Cooper , of 9 , Budge-row , City , wholesale perfumers . i # -
The Venezuelan Minister.—We Regret Tojha...
The Venezuelan Minister . —We regret tojhayo to announce the sudden death of . M . ; Fortique , the Venezuelan Minister , at his residence in Wimpole . street , yesterday morning . M . Fortique had lately returned from a '; diplomatic mission to Sweden , and had complained for some time past of cough and difficulty of breathing , - but not to . such an extent as to excite the alarm of bis friends . J It is , however , the opinion' of Mr . Erichdeny the deceased ' s medical attendant , that the immediate cause > of 'the'fatal result was a neglected' cold and'inflammation"of the lungs . M . Fortique was : about ' * -45 ^ years of age , unmarried , and much and most deservedly respected by the dipldmatic ' corps in this country . ¦•^ , ;'
Piqua Plani . —The proof of , the efficacy aiid healthful effect of the plant in preference ' to ; tea pifcoffee —Let a nervous or djspepticpatieht . use ; twebrthree cups of strong tea upon- ' retiring to rest , and the effect will be mght-mare , disturbed sIeep ,, and ; other violent symptoms of . inuigestibn , & c . '' . ' The ; proof ;—Let the most debmtated , ' dyspeptic , astbmatici consumptive , and-nervous patients use two . ^ hree , or more cups of a , > ery / strong ; , infusion of , tne tiqua Plant , and inTthe morning ^ hey . will awake refreshed with their repose . '' It is ; hig hly ; i ; ecommended by physicians to invalids ; and : children ,. as a most inviadvertisement
gorating and pleasant beverage . T-See . - HollowaVs Oinimmi w Pni ? .- " Take nptny bed and walk . " Mary Rouse , aged 48 , residing at Tooting , had been . bed ^ idden for the last two years . Three years ago ( attteturn . of of life ) , her legs and other parts of her body " swelled ¦; most frightfully . Thig was . followed < by ; sores' and ; wouncl 8 , ' coveting nearly ' eyery part of her . persoril ;' which ' rendeKdlier helpless ; ' -By purifying ttie blood ; 'b ^ these woriderfuTpu ^^^ radically curedIn foiir ^ sleeks . : ; Pemales ' ought notto take ahyritlier medicine ' ^^' thantuesepuf ^ ying pills .
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Citation
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Northern Star (1837-1852), Nov. 1, 1845, page 7, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse.ac.uk/periodicals/ns/issues/ns2_01111845/page/7/
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