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tne Jam torn of irUJrU2f£RAL OBSEQUIES OF GENERAL Jackson: —--'^ ~ ~~ rrt-.—t*-«41,,, Y**» V^Jt. TT. .»j » _i» -r W^.. ' • ;
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IFMHFrom tne Jam torn jferatd of June 25...
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A themfelvesform a monument to ^k^^^ ^^^...
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. ¦ ..¦;. # NATIONAL TRADES' JOURNAL. cj...
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that were the ground VOL. VIII. NO. 403....
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PERSON AND CHARACTER OF GENERAL JACKSON....
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PROCEEDINGS AT WASHINGTON. Similar proce...
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that war, of themf-elves, form a .^" ^ ^...
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Transcript
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Note: This text has been automatically extracted via Optical Character Recognition (OCR) software. The text has not been manually corrected and should not be relied on to be an accurate representation of the item.
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Tne Jam Torn Of Irujru2f£Ral Obsequies Of General Jackson: —--'^ ~ ~~ Rrt-.—T*-«41,,, Y**» V^Jt. Tt. .»J » _I» -R W^.. ' • ;
tne Jam torn of irUJrU 2 f £ RAL OBSEQUIES OF GENERAL Jackson : — -- ' ^ ~ ~~ rrt-. —t * - « 41 ,,, Y **» V ^ Jt . TT . . » j » _ i » -r W ^ .. '
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Ifmhfrom Tne Jam Torn Jferatd Of June 25...
IFMHFrom jferatd June 25 tb , we give «« foll <« following interesting account of the proceedings JXewXewTork on tbeSlth , on the occasion of consignzz to h to Hie tomb the remains of him who was emphaaally ally & e . " savour of his country . " It was thus aat a at a free people did honour to the general , the liitcsnitcsman , and the patriot . ! IThe The very heavens appeared to smile on the endraimus tints of the residents of this city to do honour to him bbo Uto has recently gone ' « To " To that bourne from whence no traveller returns . " lilie iJie weather , which for the two previous daVS aassaas somewhat unfavourable , cleared up at davlicUt _
KKlcrfc-tenlay morninf . the genial showers of the Heviqrevious day and night made the atmosphere cool and r « nd refreshing , and preventing dust to any great exeat , ent . The morn was ushered in by the discharge If a If a pi «* « f ordnance from the battery , wlueli was ttsputspunded to by another on the Brooklyn Heights . CThesflese were continued at intervals throughout the naorniorniiis . - About eleven o ' clock the troops ordered sm dim M y assembled on the Battery . They consisted }} f ttf tlic whole of the force mentioned in the pro-^ n ar ^ as " - ' ^ -e ** c ^ 'was k * I * by the troops of the ( GeiCeiuian Legion , while the United States troops vtreuweut tlirougli their exercise . About twelve o'clock ItLcstksc were joined by different companies from
Brooklni , lni , Jersey , tviuiamsuurg , and the parts adjacent , in fin the whole , it was said " amounting to 10 , 000 . At tiisriis time a discbaige of minute guns were given , concorrcsponding with the asc of the deeeased—78 Ah About one o ' clock , when the word was given to fall in , in , we never saw such a mass of persons assembled tetxecilier before—men , women , and children , of al ! coi'coiours , grade and character . To such an extent wa was the space covered with spectators , that it was wilwith dlEieulty that the troops could fona in line to nu march to the Park . This , after soma little delay , wa was accomplished , and upon reaching the last named spi spot , the troops took up their several positions in frc front and around the City Hall . Here the mass was n ; neater than ever .
rinsj division . A few minutes after two o ' clock the city authority ties made their ' appearancc iu front of the City Hall , w when the discharge of three pieces of orduancias announced the movement of the procession . The (] German Legion troop of horse formed the advances g guard , in open rank three deep , in thc rear of which w was General G . Hopkins , accompanied by sonic a six or eight special aids ; those were bwsisght up In { Col . J . li . Stevenson . These were succeeded by th < 1 troo ;» s as mentioned in the protrramnic under tht
t temmand of Maior-Gencral ( J . W . Sandford , am ! i other *> S cere . The troops having fallen in , the cor-; potato body took up their position , and the procesi sen moved off . . The fourth , fifth , and sixth regimests ted ; up the line cf march twelve deep , led by the American Brass , llauil . Tlic ninth regiment -w = 3 nine deep . The martial appearance of the German Fusikers , ten ahreast , had a , very imposim appearance . The first- division consisted entirely oi military . The rear of the first division was brought mi by a body of Dragoons five abreast .
sccexo DIVISIO . V . This division was led by Major General G . II . Striker , and George G . Hopkins , Esq ., aids to the Grand MaishaL The Xcw York Brass Band followed . Then followed some twenty-five open cmrinzes , in which were the officiating clergyman , orator of the day , ox-President Van Buren , and others according to the programme ; Gen . Scott hcadutrthc U . S . troops , seven companies of artillery aii'l one company of mounted horse artillery . These werefollow-edjiyaboutthirtvnaval veterans in unijbiro . Ti : c trii , covered with crape , was drawn bv
fonr beautiful horses , led by abtc-bor . ied coloured men , dressed a la Turk . On the Um were the names of * ' Washington , Hamilton , Lafayette , Harrison , and Jackson . " These were followed by the Mayors of Xew York and Brooklyn ; the authorities of Jersey City and Newark ; followed by the common councils of these places as mourners . The Council of this city bore tfceir wands of oiSee covered with crape . TMs ' divisiou was closed by the Washington Greys of Jersey City , the authorities , clergv . civic societies , and citizens . In the whole of this division there ccniu not be fewer than 5 , Wi 0 persons in line .
THIKD MVISIOX . Sow came the third division , with General Wm L . Morris , and Benjamin S . Ilart , Esq ., as aids to the Grand i ! : irak-ii . ** The Senate and House oi Assembly" of the State were in fail attendance , ami pTcsratcu an imposing appearance . There were also the "Members of the Senate and House of Reprts . ntatives of the United States . " The members o ! t ' . » " Sosicty of the Cincinnati , " composed of venerable and highly esteemed citizens , were out in full strength , as mourners on the occasion . A few " Revolutionary soldiers , " in carriages , were next i :. i order—old " HIGH with wound * suidsears—deep furrow ? loa their eaw-woni brow , aud the silent tear coursint \ their manly checks , at the thought of him who
walalso a soldier aim a warrior—a nation ' s benefactor , aud greatest ornament and pride . "The Grant bidgeaf the State of New York , " in lull uressof tin order attracted coabiucrab ' . c attention . The exjliayors , ex-Aidenuen , ar . djex-Assistants of the citits of Xew York and Cvoiikiyn , were all present , in carriages . TkcIIcadsofD . partmcutsofthc City Gt > - hrcniment were ail in attendance . The Cousui IGcucrals aud Vice Consuls for the Governments o [ England , Fiance , Belgium , Bavaria , Holland , Por iuxi ' , fexony , Aasvau , Sweden , and Xorway , in tht Court dresses of tUtir rcsjicetivo govcrunjenJs , no « ffiiusred in splendid carnages . Their appearand attracted the attention of the hulics on the balconies , Wiio waved their handkerchiefs in tuken of theii
admiration . The Judges of the Uuitcd States , Stan and City Courts , were an imposing and i « spectaW < i ) Mh ; churning universal attention and respect . Tin J were attended by the learned and honourable men .-Ik ,-s of the bar . The Sheriffs Of the city aud count j ofXcw York , sail under sheriff a « d deputies wit J . tueir staves of oince , dressed iu mom niug . presentee a formidable find ihie appearance . Xext came tht PoJirtj . Magistrates and OJiicers , with their staves vi o . 'Hie , and the Register , County Clerk , aud Corouer The Collector , . Naval Officer , and Surveyor of th =. l'urt , accompanied by civil officers tsf the TJnitco Slates and State of Xew York , were also here . Tht "American Art Union , " "American Academy oflWign , " " Ghaja ' x-r of Commerce , " aud " Bonn of Trade , " ail furnished meinbcais for the procession
roeuT . 1 ntvisiux . Xext came the Fourth Division , with Major Gen F . l ' cutz and Major G . il . Stiikcr , jun ., as aids to the Grand Marshal . This division consisted of the Fire Uepartment of the City of . New York , ami Xxcmpt Firemen , aud was , perhaps , the largest ii ; the j . rtiKasion . Tl . ey were alt stalwart manly looking fellows , sevc-ia ] tuousaud strong . XIFIH 1 UVISIO . V . Xow came the Fifth Division , with Hon . Isaac L . Variau and Major Robert B . Boyd , as aids to the Grand MaKkih The venerable society of "Tammany , or Columbian Order , " with banners represent ing the thirteen old states of the confederacy with
the dashing and efficient corp 3 of the " Independent Tnci-ikiu's B ; u-. ti" for an escort , won the praises of ail beholders . The ' De : nosrafic RepnWican General Cdannittcs" ami the " Democratic Young Men ' s General Committee , " accompanied by ward committees and ' citizens with appropriate banners , also presented an imposing appearance . Xext came the [ celebrated " Empire Ciub , " with Capt . Isiah Ryndcrs ' at their head , and a splendid baud oViuusie , foiiutved ; b y the roagnif ; e nt banner , on which were the litirtraits of Washingioa , Jackson , Jefferson , -and Van Buren , and the grand car and tomb drawn by ft-ur elegant horses dressed in mounting , and on which the simple inscription " Jacesux" appeared .
sjxra mvisioy . This Division commenced with Societies of the Odd Fellows , which mustered about six thousand , eat-lt lodge hearing their badges of office . The luerihsats Ledge , which was ccmmnitded by Lieut . CVoacl Crasto and O . W . FitzRandolph , aids to the Gnu ! MaKlial , headed the whole group of the SsdiDlvuioa ; the l ^ ear being brought up by the " Giaud Iiodge . " Eath member wore a white scarf , primmed with scarlet , to which was attached the por-^ ftiit of Genera ! Jackson , trimmed round , in rosette St vie , with irajie . ¦ Several of ihe lo . ' ges had bauds attached m tfiei ;? , which now and then played the iauend dirge , with great solemnity . _ . SEVEXTH MVISIOX .
; Tns division was headed bv the Brooklyn Lift tjuaitu ? , flM ( i uu < icr the command cf Captain C . U . ican » n , asan estvrt . GcneirJ Rgbcrs Xichclls i ? , f I : ' ! I &! i ; l ! i having as aids Alexander Bergen , J . !• - Amg , X . I ) . Morgan , E . W . Fisko , R . R . , *"" » | ! «< i Suniiti Engle , Esquires , which were foliowtd Inr the " Wjlliamdmre ArtilWrv , " the "Jamaica ^ i , ! uutceK =, " "Union Blues , " and " Columbian suhes ; a ! - ter wj ; : - i f „! Joiec < j tjie urocklvnshi « [ i ; ive _ tcKjfflnics , in thefollowins order , viz : —The ion »« r /^" , f " Klua ' u , " "Empire , " "Wasliingpn , J-jigh > , sr , d "Jackson . " lliis latter com f « ny camed a Bier trimmed with crape , on ^ 1 * aood ? te * fthcpartriflt « l the late General K 3 , Ah ™ i f * ar o ' clock this division formed L . . . ' . *• ai , u auer passing thrcugh the prescribed ^ . V * " tiiC CIt - ^ a " . cntei-ed at the end of East r iS ^ " , t ! ie - ' huitsof Grand-strcet . The crowd fcnS , ha ? ^ sm . and though most exceJE « rJ ^? * ss « 's » nr « i it was with difiicuitv the
Sl bW ^ i '" "r f- Tiees . Meonks , roots BK riSJSw . ¥ •' every ^ whm ( Dec * - id f ^ Jaunucd , was one living mass of to tiVi-S 7 ' ? wL 5 dl uughtwellbccomparca ^ Srf Ifa *? t ms - w" «^ bs were completely Vt JH > i ^ t rf ^ SUid I & rt & nnserected on every SVX ' ^^'' aili ^ those wlio were in the £ Sm ; SS ^ ^ ^ ^ ° ? 1 'jn-croH " «!•• . * .. Mounssng drapery hung ¦>» o Vp-,. ~ ! JC ! i , r 0 ! a "ic windows iu all " direciionsV Ui w "«^' w sniirorts in front of . the houses ..
fi :. y . . l «^} illl DIVISIOX . vir * i i ?** 0 : < i c * t numbC 1 'so manv S 3 cieties a ? . -vft ; cu t » iXi--tv-t ironi the programuic , hut those
Ifmhfrom Tne Jam Torn Jferatd Of June 25...
that were on the ground were numerously attended and their hanners most tastefully arranged with crape and the various insignia of mourning . —Thcv were marshalled by Col . R . 0 . Morrisand E ? Shortii c - * * V / e first society was the "Italian Benevolent Society , bearing their banner representing the landing of Columbus . After them followed the "Hibernian United Benevolent Society , " with banners dopictmg the same scene , another one of "Washington and a gilt harp wreathed with crapc-tlicrc were up . ' wards of two hundred members walking «* Tln Shamrock Benevolent Society" appeared next-ont of the most prominent of their banners was alamc that . ir » n > nn < lunw ,,, »^ .. .. , _ - .. - , . .
green one edged with gold fringe and bcarin" the motto " Justice to Ireland . " This society also mimbercd about tiralmndred . " The Hibernian Benevolent Society nwet followed , and turned out quite strong , there being upwards of fivehundrcd members they were most tastefully decorated with green scarf * and their beautiful banners were all emblematical oi the character of the society , the visits to the sicl ; and the consolation and assistance to survivors bchvall depicted . These banners , like those of the otlw societies , were hung in mourning . " The American Institute . " The members of this institute followed in carnages , but there were but few , and with them closed this division .
sum Division . This division was under the able charge of Col . Grant and G . B . King , Esq . The numbers here also were somewhat diminished ; the first that led oft ' was the "Journeymen Tailors' United Benevolent Society , " which mustered a large force . Their isiuncrs contained the appropriate motto of "Ye were naked , and we clothed you . " and several other minor banners . The various literary associations , ' The Xcw York Society of Literature , "
"Mercantile Library Association , " . " American Society of Young Men , " "Kew York Metropolitan Association , " "New York Society of Letters ; " shipmasters and mates of vessels in port ; all made a most imposing appearance with their appropriate banners . In the part of the city where we observed the passage of the procession , some of the societies had fallen off f rom the plan laid down in the programme , but this was owing , we believe , to the fact that from the intense heat of the sun , several of them wereobliced to withdraw at Thirteenth-street .
" m . So early as eleven o ' clock this Division began to assemble at their place of rendezvous , Ceatrc-strcet The Division was placed under command of Cols i'hiibrick and Hough , aids to the Grand Marshal . The "Ironsides Association , " with Mr . Andrew Thompson iu charge , took the lead ; and took up itsposition immediately in front oi' Chamber-street , down Centre . "Fourth Ward Jefierson Association "Mr . James llagan at the head of this Association , followed next in order . "I ' olfc-Wright Association . " The banner of the society , bearing an appropriate device , made expressly for the occasion , was hung in deep mouniiii < r . Air . Joseph Elliott , supported by Mr . J . D . U . Putman , led off the society , who took their p ' acc in the regular order in the celebration , such as was assigned them . The " German Democratic Association" followed . The " Sbifiler Club " next followed ; and were succeeded bv the * " City Watch , " headed by their Grand Marshal ( Miller ) .
ELEVEXTH DIVISION ' .... The " Journeymen Stone Cutters of New York and Brocldyn , " in full force , ledotf this Division , headed by Mr . Mullen . Their banners were beautifully executed , and were hung with crape " . The " Journeymen Granite Cutters' Association" next followed , under Messrs . Michael Paige and Jeremiah Leroncy . The entire body consists , generally speaking , of stout "Hibernians . " The "Operative Masons ?*— a good muster—succeeded them . They were followed by the "Labourers' Union Society , " under Mr . John fJLcary . The " New York Benevolent Society of Operative Masons" succeeded them in order . They were followed by the " Benevolent Society of Operative Tailors . " '! he " Cordwainers of the ' City of New York" next followed .. Their banntrs bore appropriate devices ; and they made a line appearance in the procession . They were followed : \ v the " Bookbinders of New York , " who formed ¦ he wind-up of the eleventh Division ,
TWELFTH DIVISION ' . Major Thomas K . Kellinger , Captain C . S . Storms , aids to the Grand Marshal , took command of this Division . Long before the hour appointed , several yf the societies had taken up their position at the jilace of rendezvous iu Franklin-street , fronting on Centre-street First came the " Ancient Order oi Odd Fellows , " headed by John PkMord , Right Won -hipful Grand Master . Following these came the " Perseverance L « idge , " No . 3 . G 13 , L 0 . of 0 . F . — Jesse Jackson , Grand Marshal . " Independent Jrder of Rechabites , " New York District No . 1-City Tents , lto 37—Wm . Jay Hasket , Grand Mar-• hal . The banners of this Society were very ' large aid beautiful , with very appropriate devices ,
TmitTEEXTH DIVISION ' . John Colgan , Esq ., and Captain II . M . Graham , aids to the Grand Marshal , took command of tin ' s division . At about twelve o'clock , the " New ^ ork Pilots' Association" were at their place of rendezvous i " u City Hall-place , fronting on Cliamber-strcct . On -: mc of their banners was " The People , the only competent Pilots to govern the Nation . " Following these came the "New York Watermen ' s Society , " rive abreast . These were followed by the " City Watchmen , " who came marching along six abreast . Next came the " Citizens and Associations" of the ft-nth "Ward , with band playing and banners waiving . Next came "The Sons of Herman , " a German society , mourning in common with their fellow-citizens iu ti . 'e loss of the " Old Hero . " They had a line ijaud of music , and several beautiful banners .
At the hour previously mentioned the grand procession left the park and moved up Chatham-street , which was thronged with dense masses , all animated with one spirit , and all eager to view the parade in honour of the memory of him whoso bravely , so gallantly , and so learlessly defended and maintained his country ' s honour and his country's rights iu the dark :: oiir of danger , peril , and distrust . The balconies and windows in Chatham-street were tilled with lovely and bewitching forms . All was hushed and still , save the low , deep , mournful tones of the muffled drum , and strains of martial music from full and effective bauds , which fell like a kuell upon the ear . The procession acain moved up East Broadway . The balconies , windows , and even the tops of houses in
tius highly-fashionable street , wcic full ot ladies and gcntfeinen , who waved their handkerchiefs as the procession passed along . Wreaths . of fresh and beautiful flowers , wound into garlands , were from time to time thrown by lovely hands to the weary troops who , by looks , at least , thanked the givers for this mark of their approbation . All "the pride , pomp , and circumstance of glorious war , " was here . With such a ceremony for a closing scene , who would not live , % Ut , and " die for his country—who would not serve long years of toil and hardship if such a fate might be the-reward . Never have wc witnessed so imposing , brilliant , and solemn a spectacle . The appearance of the Bowery and Union-square was most livclv . All along the line of march the windows and
streets were crowded with people , who took up thenposition at an early hour . The mansions in the € Qiiare presented a lhost animated sight . This spot was fcCiiidouly the most favourable one for witnessing the procession as it passed round and defiled down Broadway . For upwards of three hours one continuous march of military and societies , with their banners , was kept up . It was the most impressive and grand display that has ever taken place in New York . The nocessioa then reached Broadway . The appearance in this vast thoroughfare , from Union Parle to Canal-street , awl down to the City Hall , so carlv as half-past three o ' clock , baffles description . Every window—every step—every nook from whence could " lie c-aucht a cHuinsc , were literally jammed up
to suftocation . The intense heat was almost intolerable , vet it did not keep the anxious crowd ? , who flocked from the adjoining streets , from blocking up the sidewaJks at either side . The coiy ; d'ail , as tintwo first divisions had passed down Broadway , from Union Park , was truly imposing—animating—when viewed from an elevated spot . There was an immense ' concourse of people of both sexes , and al ^ classes , assembled along Broadwav on both sides , ants it iv . is utterly impossible hr auypcrsbn to cross sonu cf the streets . There was not one political banner in the whole procession . One spirit appeared to pervade the mass , to sink all political fc-cliiigand aid in doing justice to the memory of one who had served long ' and faithfully for his country's weal .
THE ORATION . Shortlv after seven o ' clock , the Hon . B . F . Bupn mounted " the platform , and after silence had been obtained , pronounced a most eloquent oration , which was listened to with the most marked attention , anu at the conclusion there was a strong but solemn tone of approbation from those around . Prayer was now offered up ; and when concJiided , the New York Musical Society gave a piece ot music in honour of the departed , which was ably executed . The choir consisted of upwards of'fifty female and male peribrnicrs .
THE BENEDICTION ' . The F . ev . Mr . Waixweight then appeared on tue ii'ont of the platform ami said— , , " The bleWa of the Father , of the Son , and ot the IKv Gi ;< sfije with you , and all the Israel oi God . jimenandp . nien , " ¦ . ¦ ; .. , '_ . '"
Ifmhfrom Tne Jam Torn Jferatd Of June 25...
¦ The different military and civic companies then filed off in regular order , and in a few minutes afterwards the whole scene in front of the City Hall was changed .
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. ¦ .. ¦; . # NATIONAL TRADES' JOURNAL .
That Were The Ground Vol. Viii. No. 403....
VOL . VIII . NO . 403 . ¦ * ¦ LONDON SATURDAY - ' AUGUST o isi ^ i vBica \* mivB « cx : or ^^ OAlUttJJAI , i ^ AUVJU 01 ^ , 1040 . fffre Shilling ., ami Sh . pc . icr per Qunmr I ¦> 'L • T "^ mmmm ^^ ^^
Person And Character Of General Jackson....
PERSON AND CHARACTER OF GENERAL JACKSON . "We are naturally curious to know something about the mere person of a man who has performed wonderful exploits . Philosophers may say what they will about the man consisting solely of the mind . Human nature will not l : avc it so . It will , in spite of philosophers , j . i \ c a good deal of weight to the person by whom a thing is dor . e . Jackson had this advantage . His friend and brother senator , and neighbour , Mr . Eaton , tells us that he had nothing of the robust or the elegant ; that he was six feet and an inch high ; that he was remarkably straight and spare ; that he weighed not move than a hundred andforty-fivepounds ( what a poor thing compared to our GwgG the Fourth . '); that his conformation appeared to disqualify him for hardship ; that , however , accustomed to it from early life , few were capable of enduring so much fatigue , or with so little injury ; that his dark-blue eyes , beneath his high and broad forehead , and loaded with brows somewhat heavy , when excited by any cause , sparkled with peculiar lustre of penetration ; that in his manners he was pleasing , while his address was commanding ; that in his deportment he was easy , affable , and familiar ; that during his whole life it had been his study to honour merit , find it in whom he might ; that honest poverty had always been respected by him , while he had turned his back on dishonest wealth ; that he was never known to discover the existence of distress without seeking to assist and to relieve it' , that no man ever saw him irritated on account of a selfish purpose ; and that ro man evev saw his bosom swell with rage or with angsr , except against the enemies of his country , open or secret .
Proceedings At Washington. Similar Proce...
PROCEEDINGS AT WASHINGTON . Similar proceedings to those at New York , were engaged in by the citizens of Washington . In the Capital of the States countless thousands assembled to do honour to the memory of the departed Hero and Patriot—the Hero , because he was a Patriot . With breathless attention did they listen to the following oration , pronounced by Mr . Secretary Bancroft . Its natural , forcible , and unaffected eloquence won on every car ; and it will be read with deep and abiding interest by thousands and thousands into whose hands this journal funis its way .
MR , BANCROFT'S ORATION . Ihe men of the American revolution are no more . That age of creative power has passed awny . The last surviving signer of the Declaration of Iudciiendence lias long sillCC left the earth . . Washington lies near . lib own l ' otomae , surrounded . b y . his . family aad his servants . Adams , the colossus of Independence , reposes in the modest grave-yard of his native region . Jefferson sleeps on the heights of his own MunticeUo , whence his eye overlooked his beloved Virginia . Jladison , the last survivor of the ' men who made our constitution , lives only in our hearts . But who shall say that the heroes , in whom the image of God shone most bwghtly , do not live for ever 1 They were filled with the - . ast conceptions which willed America into being ; they lived tor those conceptions ; and their deeds nxaise them .
' . are met to commemorate the virtues of one who shed his blood for our independence , took part in forming the early institutions of the Wt-st , nad ivas imbued with all the great ideas which constitute the moral force of our country . On the spot where he gave his solemn fealty to the people—here , where he pledged himself before the world to freedom , to the constitution and to the laws—we meet to pay our tribute to the memory of the last great name , which gathers round itself all the associations that form the glory of America .
South Carolina gave a birth-place to Andrew Jacltson . On its remote frontier , far up on the forest-clad banks ot the Catawba , in a region wlicra the settlers were just bcginning to cluster , his eye first saw the light . There his infancy sported in the ancient forests , and his mind was nursed to freedom by their influence . ' He was the youngestson of an Irish emigrant , of Scottish origin , who , two years after the great war of Frederick of Prussia , tied to America for relief from indigence and oppression . His birth was in 17 C 7 , at a time when the people Of Our land were but a body of dependent colonists , scarcely more than two millions iu number , scattered along an immense coast , with no army , or navy , or union—and exposed to the attempts of England to control America by the aid of military force . His boyhood grew up in the midst of the contest with Great Britain . The first great political truth that reached his heart , was that all men are free and equal ; the first great fact that beamed oil his understanding , was his country ' s independence .
The strife , as it increased ,, came near the shades of his own upland residence . As a boy of thirteen , he witnessed tins scenes of horror that accompany civil war ; and when but a year older , with an elder brother , he shouldered his musket , and went forth to strike a blow for his country . Joyous era for America and fer humanity . ' But for him , the orphan boy , the events were full of agony and grief , llis father was no more . His eldest brother fell a victim to the war of the revolution ; another ( his compnnion in arms ) died of wounds received in their joint captivity ; his mother went down to the grave a victim to grief and efforts to rescue her sous ; and when peace came , he was . alone in the world , with no kindred to cherish him , and little inheritance but his own untried
powers . The nation which emancipated itself from British rule organises itself : the confederation gives way to the constitution : the perfecting of that constitution—that grand event of the thousand years of modern history—is ascomplished : America txists as a people , gains unity as a government , and takes its place as a nation among the powers of the earth . The next great office to be performetl by America , is the taking possession of the wilderuess . The magnificent western valley cried out to the civilisation of popular power , that it must be occupied by cultivated man . Behold , then , our orphan hero , sternly earnest , consecrated to humanity from childhood by sorrow , having neither father , nor mother , nor sister , nor surviving brother , so young and jet so solitary , and , therefore , bound the more closely to collective man—behold hiin elect for his lot to go forth and assist in laying the foundations of society iii the great valley of the Mississippi .
At the very time when Washington ' was pledging his own and future generations to the support of the popular institutions which were to be the light of the human race—at the time when the institutions of the Old World were rocking to their centre , and the mighty fabric that had come down from the middle ages was falling in—the adventurous Jackson , iu the radiant g-m and boundless hope and confident intrepidity of twentyone , plunged into the wilderness , crossed the great mountain-barrier that divided the western waters from tlie . Atlantic , followed the paths . of ' the early hunters and fugitives , ami , not content with the nearer neig hbourhood to llis parent State , went stilt further and further iv * b « west , till he found his home in the most beautiful region on the Cumberland . There , from the first , he was recognised as the great pioneer , under his courage , the cominjj emigrants were sure to find a shield .
The lovers of adventure began to pour themselves into the territory , whose delicious climate and fertile soil invited the presence of social man . The liunter with hi * rific and his axe , attended by his wife and children ; the herdsman driving the few catlle that were to multiply as they browsed ; the cultivator of the soil—all came to the inviting region . Wherever the bending mountains opened : i pass—wherever the buffaloes and the beasts of the forest hint made a trace , these sons of nature , children of humanity , in the highest sentiment of personal freedom , came to occupy the beautiful wilderness whose prairies blossomed eviryiihere profusely with wild flowers—whose woods in springput to shame , by their magnificence , the i-uliivatcfl gardens of man .
And now that these unlettered fugitives , educated only by the spirit of freedom , dcslitute ' of dead letter erudition , hut sharing the living ideas of the age , had made their homes in the west— what would follow ? _ Would tliey ( It grade themselves to ignorance aiid infidelity ! Would
Proceedings At Washington. Similar Proce...
they make the solitudes of the desert excuses for licentiousness ? Would the doctrines of freedom lead them to live in unorganised society , destitute of laws and fixed institutions ? ^ At a time whin European society was becoming broken in pieces , scattered , disunited , and resolved into its elements , a scene ensued in Tennessee , than which nothing more beautifully grand is recorded in the annals of tht race . ' - These adventurers in the wilderness longed to conntogether in organised society . The overshadowing geniut
ot their time inspired tlicin with good designs , and fillefl them with the counsels of wisdom . Dwellers in the forest , freest of the free , bound in the spirit , they came up by their representatives , on foot , on horseback , through the forest , along the streams , by the buftalo craccs , by the Indian paths , by tlte blazed forest avenues , to Meet in convention among the mountains at Kuoxville , and frame for themselves a constitution . Andrew Jackson was there , the greatest man of them all—modest , bold , determined , demanding nothing forhimself , and shrinking from nothing that his heart approved ,
Tiie convention came together on the 11 th day of January , 179 ( 1 , and finished its work on the Gtu day of l ? c \> . ruary . How had the wisdom of the Old World vainly tasked itself to frame constitutions , that could , at least , be the subject of experiment ; the men of Tennessee , in less than twenty-five days , perfected a fabric , which , in its essential forms , was Uriast for ever ; - ' They came to . gether , " full of faith and reverence , of love to humanity , bf confidence ni truth ; In the simplicity of wisdom , they framed their constitution , acting under higher influence ' s than they were conscious of . They wrought in sad sincerity , Themselves from God they could not free ; They builded better than they knew ! The conscious stones to beauty grew .
In the instrument which they framed , they embodied their faith in God , and in the immortal nature of man . — They gave the right of suffrage to every freeman ; they vindicated the sanctity of reason , by giving freedom oi speech and of the press ; they reverenced the voice of God , as it speaks in the soul of man , by asserting the indefeasible right of man to worship the Infinite according to ins conscience - . they established the freedom and equa-Hty of elections ; and they demanded from cvory future legislator a solemn oath " never to consent to any act or thing whatever that shall have even a tendency to lessen the rights of Ihcpcoplc . " These majestic lawgivers , wiser than the Solons , and LycuvgusfS , and Numas of the Old World—these prophetic founders of a State , who embodied in their constitution the subliinest truths of humanity , acted without reference to human praises .
They kept no special record of their doings ; they took no pains to vaunt their deeds ; and when their work was done , knew not that they had finished one of the subliniest acts ever performed among men . They ' left no record , as to whose agency was conspicuous , whose eloquence swayed , whose generous will predominated ; not should ive know , but for tradition , confivaied by what followed among themselves . The men of Tennessee wove now a people , and they were to send forth a man to stand for them in the Congress of the United States—that avenue to glory—that home of elotpicncc—the citadel of popular power ; and , with one consent , they united in selecting the foremost man among their law . givers—Andrew Jackson . The love of the people of Tennessee'followed him to the American Congress ; and he had served but a single term , when the State of Tennessee made him one of its representatives in the American Senate , where he sat under the auspices of Jeff .-rsou .
Thus , when he was scarcely more than thirty , he had guided the settlement of the wilderness ; swayed the deliberation of a people in establishing its fundamental law . 5 ; acted as the representative of that people , and again as the representative of his organized State , disciplined to a knowledge of the power of the people and the power of the States ; the associate of repub'ican statesmen , the friend and companion of Jefferson . The men who framed the constitution of the United States , many of them , did not know the innate life and self-preserving energy of their work . They feared that freedom could not endure , and they planned a strong govermiuut for its protection .
During his fhort- career in Congress , Jackson showed his < juiet , deeply . seated , innate , intuitive faith in human freedom , and in the institutions of freedom . He was ever , by his votes and opinions , found among those who had confidence in humanity ; and in the great division of minds , this child of the woodlands , this representative of forest life in the west , was found modestly and firmly on the side of freedom . It did not occur to him to doubt the right of man to the free development of his powers * , it did not occur to him to place a guardianship over the people ; it did not occur to him to seek to give durability to popular institutions , by giving to government a strength independent of popular will .
From thchrst , he was attached to the fundamental doctrines of popular power , and of the policy that favours it ; and though his reverence for Washington surpassed his reverence for any human being , he voted against the address from the House of . Representatives to Washington on his retirement , because its language appeared to sane tion the financial palicy which he believed hostile to republican freedom . Dur ing his period of service in the Senate , Jackson was elected major general by thc brigadiers and field officers of the militia of Tennessee . ' -Resigning his place in the Senate , he was made judge of the supreme court in law and equity ; such was the confidence in his integrity of purpose , his clearness of judgment , and his vigour of will to deal justly among the turbulent who crowded into the new settlements of Tennessee .
Thus , in the short period of nine years , Andrew Jackson was signalised by as many evidences of public esteem as could fall to thc lot of man . The pioneer of the wilderness , the defender of its stations , he was their lawgiver , the sole representative of a new people in Congress , thorcpieseutative of the State in the Senate , the highest in military command , the highest in judicial office . He seemed to be recognised as the first in lore ' of liberty , the first in the science of legislation , in judgment , and integrity , / . -.- .. ¦ - ; ... Fond of private life , he would have resigned the judicial office ; but the whole country demanded his service . « Nature , " they cried , " never designed that your power ? of thought and independence of mind should he lost hi retirement , " But after a tew years , relieving himself from the caves of the bench , he gave himself tothcacti VitV and the independen t Hie of a husbandman . Do carried into retirement the fame of natural intelligence , mi
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was cherished as "a prompt , frank , and ardent soul . " His vig ' ourof character constituted him firstamongal ! with whom he associated . A private man as he was , his name was familiarly spoken round every hearth-stone iu Tennessee . Moa loved to discuss his qualities . All discerned his power ; and when the vehemence and impetuosity of his nature were observed upon , there were not wanting those who saw , beneath the blazing fires of his genius , the solidity of his judgment . His hospitable roof sheltered the emigrant and thc pioneer ; and , as they made their way to their new homes , they filled the mountain sides and valleys with bis praise .
Connecting himself , ( or a season , witti a man . of business , Jackson soon discerned the misconduct ol his associate . It marked his character , that he insisted , himself , on paying every obligation that had been contracted ; aud , rather than endure the vassalage of debt , he instantly parted with the rich domain which his early enterprise had acquired—with his own mansion—with the fields which he himself had tamed to the ploughsharewith the forest whose trees were ' as familiar to him as his friends—and chose rather to dwell , for a time , in a l-ude ' log ; cabin , " in the pride of independence and integrity . ¦ * dsf all great occasions , Jaekson ' s » Wttuence was deferre < Vto- When Jofferron had acquired for'tlie country ' the whqlepf ^ Louisiana , anil there seemed some hesitancy " on the pai't of Spain to acknowledge ourpsssession , the services tof Jackson were solicited by the l ^ tioifal admiiAstration , and were not called into full exercise , only from the peaceful termination of the incidents that occasioned the summons .
In the long scries of aggressions on the freedom of the seas , and the rights of the American flag , Jackson was on the side of his country , and the new maritime code of republicanism . ' ' In his inland home , where the roar Of the breakers was never heard , and the mariner was never seen , he resented the continued aggression on our commerce and on our sailors . When the continuance of wrong compelled the nation to resort to arms , Jackson , led by the instinctive knowledge of his own greatness , yet with a modesty that would have honoured the most sensitive delicacy of native , confessed , his willingness to bo employed on the Canada frontier ; and it is a fact that ho aspired to the command to which Winchester was appointed . Wc mayask , what would have been the result , if thc command of the north western army had , at the opening of the war , been entrusted to ft man who , in action , was ever so fortunate , that his vehement will seemed to have made destiny captive to his design- ?
The path of glory led him in another direction . On the declaration of war , twenty-five hundred volunteers had risen at his word to follow his standard ; but , by couvitermanding orders from the seat of Government , the movement was without effect . A new and great danger hung over tlic West . The Indian tribes were to make one last effort to restore it to it , solitude , and recover it for savage life . The brave , relentless Shan-noes—who , from time mmiemeiinl , had strolled from the waters of the Ohio to the rivers of Alabama—were ammntedby Tecnroseh and his brother the Prophet , who spoke to them as with the voice of ( he
Great Spirit , and roused the Crock nation to de . pcratc massacres . Who has not heard of their terrible deeds , when their ruthless cruelty spared neither sex nor age ? When the infant and its mother , the planter and his family , who had lied for refuge to the fortress , the garrison that capitulated—all were slain , and not a vestige of defence was left in the countrj ! The cry of thc West demanded Jackson for its defender ; and though his arm ivns then fractured by a ball , and hung in a sling , he p ' . aecd himself at the head of the volunteers of Tennessee , and resolved to terminate for ever thc hereditary struggle ,
Who can tell thc horrors of that campaign ? Who can paint rightly the obstacles which Jackson overcamemountains , the scarcity of tenanted forests , winter , the failure of supplies from the settlements , the insubordination of troops , mutiny , menances of desertion ? Who can measure thc wonderful power over men , by which his personal prowess and attractive energy drew them in mid-winter from tlicir homes , across the mountains and morasses , and through trackless deserts t Who can doscribe the personal heroism of Jackson , never sparing himsilf , beyond any of his men ; encountering toil and fatigue , sharing every labour of the camp and of the march , foremost in every danger ; giving up his horse to the invalid soldier , while he himself waded through the swamps on foot ? None equalled him in power of endurance ; and the private soldiers , as they found him passing them on thc march , exclaimed , " He is as tough as the hickory . " "Yes , " they cried to one another , " there goes Old Hickory . "
Who can narrate the terrible events of the double batties cf JBmuckfaw , or the glorious victory of Tohopeka , where the auger of thc general against tho faltering was move appalling than the war-whoop and the rifle of the savage ? Who can rightly conceive the field of Enotochopeo , where thc general , as he attempted to draw thc sword to cut down a flying colonel who was leading a regiment from thc field , broke again the arm which was but newly knit together ; and quietly replacing it in the sling , with his commanding voice arrested the flight of the troops , and himself led them back to Victory ! In six short months of vehement action , the most terrible Indian war in ouv annals was bronghtto a close , the prophets were silenced , the consecrated region of tho Creek nation reduced . Through scenes of blood thc avenging hero sought only the path to peace , Thus Ala-Iwma , a part of Mississippi , a part of his own Tennessee , and the highway to the Flotillas , were his gifts to the Union . These were his trophies ,
Genius as extraordinary as military events can call forth , was summoned into action in this rapid , efficient , and most fortunately conducted war . Time would fail were I to track our hero down thc watercourses of Alabama to the neighbourhood of Peusncola . How he longed to plant tho eagle of his country on its battlements ! Time would fail , and words be wanting , wcro I to dwell on the magical influence of his appearance in New Orleans , llis presence dissipated gloom and dispelled alarm ; at once he changed the aspect of despair into a confidence of security and a hope of acquiring glory . Every man knows the talo of tho heroic , sudden , and jx-t deliberate daring which led him , on thc night of the 23 rd of December , to precipitate his little army on his foes , iu the thick darkness , before they grew familiar with their encampment , scattering dismay through thc veteran regiments of England , and defeating them , aud arresting their progress by a far inferior force .
Who shall recount the counsels of prudence , the kindling words of eloquence , that gushed from his lips to cheer his soldiers , his skirmishes and battles , till that eventful morning when thc day at Bunker ' s Hill had its fulfilment in the glorious battle of New Orleans , and American independence stood before the world iu thc majesty of victorious power . These were great deeds for the nation ; for himself he did a greater . Had not Jackson been renowned for the vehement impetuosity of his passions , for his defiance of others ' authority , and the unbending vigour of his selfwill ! Behold the saviour of Louisiana , all garlanded with victory , viewing around him the city he had
preserved , thc maidens and children whom his heroism had protected , stand in the presence of a petty judge , who gratifies his wounded vanity by an abuse of his judicial power . Every breast in the crowded audience heaves with indignation . He , the passionate , "the impetuous —he whose power was to he humbled , whose honor questioned , whose laurels taruished , alone stood sublimely Bcfcne ; and when the craven judge trembled , and faltered , and dared not proceed , himself , the arraigned one , bade him take courage , and stood by the law even in the moment when the law was made the instrument of insult and wrong on himself—at the moment of his most perfect claim to the highest civic honours .
His country , when it grew to hold many more millions , the generation that then was coming in , has risen up to do homage to the noble heroism of that hour . Woman , whose feeling is always right , did honour from the first to thc purity of his heroism . Tho people of Louisiana , to the latest hour , will cherish Ms name as their greatest benefactor . The culture of Jackson's mind had been much promoted by his services and associations in the war . His discipline of himself as the chief in command , his intimate relations with men like Livingston , tho wonderful deeds in which he bore a part , all matured his judgment and mellowed his character . Peace came with its delights ; once more the country rushed forward to the development of its powcts : once more the arts of industry healed the WOV . nds that Witt had inflicted ; and , from commerce and agriculture and manufactures , wealth gushed abundantly under the free activity of unrestrained enterprise . And Jackson returned to his own fields and his own
pursuits , to cherish his plantation , to cars for his servants , to look after his stud , to enjoy the affection of theaost kind and devoted wife , whom he respected with the gentlest defercneff , and loved with tenderness . Ami there he stood , like one of the mightiest forest trees of his own West , vigorous and colossal , sending its summit to the skies , and growing on its native soil in wild and inimitable magnificence , careless of beholders . From all parts of the country he received appeals to his political ambition , and the severe modesty of his wellbalanced mind turned them alLaside . He was happy in his farm , happy in seclusion , happy in his family , happy within himself .
But thc pulsions of the southern Indians were not allayed by the peace with Great Britain ; and foreign emissaries were still among them , to inflame and direct their malignity . Jackson was called forth by his country to restrain the cruelty of the treacherous and ' unsparing Sem ' moies . It was " in the train of tht events of this war that he placed the American eagle on St .-Mark ' s and above \\ w ancient towers of St . Augustine . His deeds in
That War, Of Themf-Elves, Form A .^" ^ ^...
that war , of - , . ^" ^ ^ er , xoM ^ msms ^ . ^ mmm ^ of Vis resources , his intuitive sagacity . As * pam mta * - juikmcnt , had committed aggression , he , « oM have emancipated her islands ; of the Havana , ta «« - »«?• reconnoissaiiceto be made ; and , with an armj of five thousand men , he stood ready to guaranty her reflemp-. tion from colonial thraldom . " „„ - ; Hut when peace was restored , and his office was m- < complished , his physical streng th sunk tinder the iiesulential influence of tho climate , ami , fast yielding «^ sease , he was borne in a litter across the swamps of t iorh ' la towards his home . It was Jackson ' s character that : he never solicited aid from any one ; but he neyeriorgot * these who rendered him service hi the hour of need . Ata time when all around him believed him near his end ,-his wife hastened to his side ; and , by her tenderness and ; nursing care , her patient assiduity , and the soothing in . :
ttuence of devoted love , withheld him from the grave . He would have remained quietly at his home in repose ,, , but that he was privately informed , his good name was tobe attainted by some intended congressional proceedings ; he came , therefore , into the presence of lite people ' srepresentatives at Washington , only to vindicate his--name ; and when that was achieved , he was once more communing with his own thoughts among the ' groves of ' the Hermitage . It was not his own ambition which brought him again to the public view . The :, il ' ecrion , of Tennessee compelled him to resume a seat on the floor of iliu Anwvicaa-Senate , and , after years of the intenstst political strife ,. Andrew Jackson was elected President of tlic United-States .
Far from advancing his own pretensions , he always kept them back , and had for years repressed thc solieitaviwiis of his friends to become a candidate , lie tdt sensibly that ho was devoid of scientific culture , aud littto fumilinr with letters ; and he never obtruded his opinions , or preferred chums to place . But , whenever his opinion was demanded , he was always ready to pronounce it ; and whenever his country invoked his services , he did not shrink even from the station which had been tilled by the most cultivated men our nation had produced . Behold , then , the unlettered man of the West , the nurs
ling * of the ; , wilds , the farmer yf the Hermitage , littleversed in bo ' aks , unconnected by scieifce with the / tradition of the past , raised by " , the will of ftie people to the Oflfchest pinnacle of honour , to the central post in the civil , i ' sation of republican fifetlom , ; to the station where all thc nations of the eai-lh ' . would " wal & Tiis actions- —where his words would vibrate fhrinigh thc civilised world , and his spirit be the moving star to guide the nations . —What policy will he pursue ? What wisdom Will ' " lie bring with him from theforcslf Wlmtrulus Of duty will liC evolve from the oracles of his own mind ?
The niiinofihe West came as the inspired prophet of the West : he came as one free from ihe bonds of hereditary or established custom ; he came with no superior but conscience , no oracle hut his native judgment : and , true : o his origin and his education—true to the co : ditions and circumstances of his advancement , lie valued right more than usage ; he reverted from the pressure of established interests to thc energy of first principles . We tread on ashes , where the fire is not yet extinguished ; yet not to dwell on his career as President , wcro to leave out of view thc grandest illustration s of his mag . nanimity .
Thc legislation of the United States had followed thc precedents of thc legislation of European monarchies ; it was the office of Jackson to lift tho country out of tho European forms of legislation , and to open to it n career resting on American sentiment and American freedom . —• He would hare freedom everywhere—freedom under tho restraints of right ; freedom of industry , of commerce , of mind , of universal action ; fraeiiom unshackled hy restrictive privileges , unrestrained by thc thraldom of mo . uopolies . The unity of his mind and his consistency were without a parallel . With natural dialectics he developed tho political doctrines that suited every emergency , with a precision and a harmony that no theorist could hope to equal . On every subject in politics—1 speak but a facthe was thoroughly and profoundly and immovably radical ; and would sit for hours , and in a continued flow of remark make the application of his principles to every question that could arise in legislation , or iu thc interpretation of thc constitution ,
His expression of himself was so clear , that his influence pervaded not our land only , but all America and all mankind . Q'hey say that , in the physical world , the magnetic fluid is so diffnstd , that its vibrations arc discern !* blc simultaneously in every part of the globe , . " to it is with the clement of freedom . And as Jackson developed its doctrines from their source in the mind ut humanity , thc popular ' sympathy was moved and agitated throughout tho world , till his name grew everywhere to be the symbol of popular power . Himself the witness of the ruthlessness of suvage life , he planned tho removal of the Indian tribes beyond tho limits of the organised States ; and it is the result of hig determined policy that the region east of thc Mississippi has been transferred to the exclusive possession of cultivated man .
A pupil of tho wilderness , his heart was with the pioneers of American life towards tlic setting sun . No American statesman has ever embraced within his affections a scheme so liberal for the emigrants as that of Jackson . He longed to secure to them , not pre-emption rights only , but more than pre-emption rights . He longed to invite labour to take possession of the unoccupied fields without money and without price ; with no obligation except the perpetual devotion of itself by allegiance to its country , tinder the beneficent influence of his opinions , the sons of misfortune , the children of adventure , Ami their way to the uncultivated west . There in some wilderuess glade , or in the thick forest of the fertile plain , or where the prairies most sparkle with flowers , they , like the wild bee which sets them the example of industry , may choose
their home , mark the extent of their -possessions by driving stakes or blazing trcce , shelter their log cabin with boughs aud turf , and teach the virgin soil to yield itself to the ploughshare . Theirs shall he the soil , theirs the beautiful farms which they teach to be productive . Come , children of sorrow 1 you on whom the Old World frowns ; crowd fearlessly to the forests ; plant your homes in confidence , for the country watches over j-oh y your children grow around you as hostages , aud the wilderness , at your bidding , surrenders its grandeur of useless luxuriance to the beauty and loveliness of culture . "Vet beautiful and lovely as is this scene , it still by far falls short of the ideal which lived in the affections of Jackson . His heart was ever with the pioneer ; his policy ever favoured the diffusion of independent freeholds throughout the labouring classes of our kind
It would he a sin against the occasion , wen-T to omit to commemorate the deep devotcdness of Jacks .-n to the cause and to the rights of labour , It was for the welfare of the labouring classes that he defied all thc storms of political hostility . He longed to secure to labour the fruits of its own industry ; and he unceasingly opposed eveiy system which tended to lessen their reward , or which exposed them to be defrauded of their dues . The l .- ibourer may bend over his grave with affectionate sorrow ; for never in the tide of time , did a statesman r . iist more heartily resolved to protect them in their rights , and to advance their happiness . 1 ' or their benefit , he opposed partial legislation ; for their benefit , he resisted a-i artificial methods of controlling labour , and subjecting it to
capital . It was for their benefit that he loved i ' -. wde-m in all its forms—freedom of the individual in p-rsonal independence , freedom of the States its separate s . ji- creignties . He never would listen to counsels whicb t-mk & tt > the centralisation of power . The true AmerU-i-. it system pre-sup ; toses the diffusion of freedom— oi'goui < - life in all the parts of tho American body politic , as . here is organised life in every part of the human systt in . Jack , son was deaf to every counsel which sought ; o subject general labour to a central will . His vincUcatU' ; of the just principles of the constitution derived its s-. th-imity from his deep conviction that this strict consu mstion is required by the lasting welfare of the great b . ' jourhuj classes of the United States .
To this end , Jackson revived the tribunicial i-owerof the veto , and exerted it against the decisive N'tion oi both branches of Congress , against the votes , ' ¦ ' .: wishes , the entreaties of personal and political friends , " Show me , " was his reply to them , " show me an cxp .-w ; clause in the constitution authorising Congress to take the business of State legislatures out of their hatn ! s . " "Von will ruin us ail , " cried a firm partisan friend . " you will ruin your party and your own prospects . " " Vk \ vlence , " answered Jackson , " will take care of me - "and he perse , vercd . In proceeding to discharge thc debt of thc United States —a measure thoroughly American — . JackK . jn followed the example of his predecessors ; but he foll . iv .-od it with thc full consciousness that he was rescuing ihe country from the artificial system of finance which had prevailed throughout the world ; and with him it forme ; a part of a system by which American legislation was to separate it . self more and more effectually fron European -o : - '"• edents , and develope itself more and more , according > . o the vital principles of our political existence .
The discharge of the debt brought with i :, of neces ^ sity , a great reduction of thepublie burdens -and h-oughty of necessity , into view , the question , how far America should follow , of choice , the old restrictive sys . ' rm of high duties , under which Europe had oppressed America ; or how far she should rely on her own freed mn and enterprise and power , defying the eomprti- ' son and seeking tho markets , and receiving- the produi rs of tho world . The mind of Jackson on this subject reasoned clearly , and without passion . In the abuses of the system of revenue by expressive imposts , he saw evil ? which th « public mind would remedy ; and , iucliniii' / with tho whole might of his energetic na ture to the side of revenue duties , he made his earnest but trnnyuil appeal to the judgment of the people .
The portions of country that suffered mo '' , severely from a system of legislation , which , in its exltvme charac ter as it then existed , is now universally acki " .-v . li-dged to have been unequal and unjust , were less tr .-i » qui ! , and ' rallying on the doctrines of freedom , which made our government a limited one , - they saw in thc oppressive acts an assumption of ' power which was nugatory , i-eeause It was exercised , ns they held , without authority from tho people . The contest that ensued was tho most momentous hi our annals . The greatest minds of America engaged tu the discussion . Eloquence never achieved subiimer triumphs in the American Senate than on ( h ow occasions' , Thc country became deeply divided ; and tho antagonist elements were arrayed against each other under forms of clashing Ruthovity menacing ' civil-war ; tW freedom of the several States was invoked against tin power of fContunterf in otir mondp & gt . )
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Citation
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Northern Star (1837-1852), Aug. 2, 1845, page 1, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse.ac.uk/periodicals/ns/issues/ns2_02081845/page/1/
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