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Northern Star (1837-1852), 2nd August 1851, Edition 2 of 2, Page 2, Thk Fugitive Slave '- ' Law.—The Congrpg...

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    • foreign intelligence.
    • ffitmi®\Mm\\z\\$.
    • THOMAS PAUK,
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      2 * The Northern Star. August2 I85i

      2 * THE NORTHERN STAR . August 2 I 85 i

      Foreign Intelligence.

      foreign intelligence .

      France. The Bjnapartibt Committee For Pr...

      FRANCE . The BjnapartiBt committee for pro moling petitions for the revision , have published a manifesto , urging the copntry to fresh efforts during the next three months , to make known through petitions the ^ rill of France . In the sitting of the Assembly on Friday last M . Leon rancher presented a bill authorising tbe City of Paris to contract a loan of fifty millions for the completion of the Rue de Rivoli and the construction of tbe llalles . Urgency was demanded for the bill and adopted . The remainder of the sitting was taken up with disposing of a string of motions without the least importance .

      Numerous arrests have recently taken place at Hantes for various offences , but more P" ™ , ^ for uttering seditious cries . On the night of tne 20 th twenty-two persons were arreted for the latter offence / One of them , » ^ ** *""? sinring the ' Charlotte Republican * exclawed , 3 ? he was beinK conducted to the Maine , ' If a JS ^ S 'SS . « «? -cttheguilloUne fndyoo shall no longer put us m prison . " Vive et Sociale 1

      la Republique Democratique A swarm of workmen of all sorts have been employed during the last week at the vast palace of the Hotel de Tille , to make preparations fox the great industrial / ete , which wil commence on the 2 nd of next month . These works are under the direction of M . Ballard , architect of the Hotel de Ville . The court of Lcuis XIV . is converted into a garden , and the statue of tbe ' Grand Roi , ' which was in the centre , has been taken down from its

      pedestal to make way for a handsome fountain , lull-grown trees are to be planttd at the corners of the court , aad the great gallery will be decorated for the banquet of 500 covers , which is to be served feyChevet , of gastronomic celebrity . Expeditions lave been undertaken into the provinces to cater luxuries for the distinguished Visitors . The meadows of Normandy have been ransacked for the finest oxen . -A pri " z 3 osis to be served whole , iu order to gratify the British relish for roast beef . The garde mevile of the state has opened its stores to the preiect of the Seine to furnish the most sumptuous

      gold and silver plate . Immense numbers of lustres cf rock crystal are to he suspended from the Ceding ? , The military spectacle on the 6 th August is intended to be much more than a simple review of the army of Paris . A series of brilliant raanteuvres are to be performed in the Champs de Mars and on the heights of Trocadero . The artillery are to throw A bridge over the Seine above the Pont de Jena . Arrangements are making to enable as large a number of people as possible to have a good view of tbe operations .

      Trial cf M . Cabet . —The great event of the iiay is the triumph of the Socialist party in the acquittal of M . Cabet , against whom the foulest find most unsparing abuse has been hurled , ever since the revolution , by the Royalists and friends of Older . M . Cabet , it may be remembered , induced a number of people to follow him and establish a colony in the primeval forests of America . Some ef the calonists who were discontented returned , and complained that M . Cabet had swindled them out tif vMi money , and as he was a prominent member

      Ot tbe Socialist party , and moreover at some thousands of miles distance , he was tried and -condemned by default to various fines and imprisonments . The noise of this reached him in " lis solitary abode , and hereturned to Paris to face his accusers , and after a long and patient investigation , he has been acquitted , all his previous con ' demnations have been quashed , he is freed from all costs , and his character has been thus pronounced unscathed . The following report of his defence we take from 'Galignani ' s Messenger * , of Monday last : —

      ' In the sitting of the Court of Appeal on Saturday M . Cabet delivered his defence to the indictment charging him with swindling . . He began ? by saying that if he had really been guilty of swindli ng , he was one of tbe vilest men living , and deserved the maximum of punishment . But no one who knew him could suppose him guilty , ehad been an advocate , a member of the Chamber of Deputies , a procnreur-general , and had enjoyed the friendship of some eminent political characters , and was it likely that he would have dishonoured himself by such a crime ? All Ms life had been passed in Study end . Iabour , and he bad published several Important works ; this also proved that he bad not

      tbe habits of a swindler . He had rendered great cervices in Corsica , and bad been dismissed from bis situation on acconat of his independence ; but if he had bsen fond of money , he would have flittered the government , and perhaps by so doing vould have became a minister , as many of his friends had been . W hen he was in England , Louis Napoleon had called on him three or four times , to endeavour to persuade him to support his cause * but he bad refused , and had thereby rejected the offer of honours and fortune made to him . This he would not have done if he bad been a swindler . He might have married his daughter to a wealthy man , but he had preferred giving her to an

      intelligent workman . If he had loved money , or been b swindler , he would evidently not hare done that . IThe idea that he could have sent his friends and brethren to die in a desert , in order to swindle them ont of a few sous , was an' outrage to reason . If he had intended to swindle them , would he not iiave made them pay their money , and then not have sent them out at all ? He was sure that if Louis Philippe now lived , and were asked if he thought him a swindler , be would say , ' Cabet is the most honest of men . ' M . Lafritte bad once said to some political men , that he did not know any one more honest or more silly than he was , for that be had offered him everything , and he had refused all . The accusation that he had swindled for thesakeof money could not be supported ; audit was

      said that he had swindled for the sake of ambition . . But if he had been ambitious , he would have been a revolutionist , and he was not . one , His doctrine ¦ wa s not revolution and violence ; it was love of order , peace , equality , and fraternity . In 1848 , lie had repudiated and combatted violent communism , immediately brought into practice , because he only wished communism to be accomplished by legal and pacific propaganda , by the free consent of all . No one more than he bad done bad combatted ideas of violence and revolution . No one loved the people more than he did ; no one believed less in victories owing to coups de main . If he had been of the violent revolutionary party , he might have become a member of the provisional government . That government had more than once offered him

      an important place , but he had refused it . When he was menaced by tbe demonstration against him on April 16 th , 1848 , M . Lamattine wrote looffei trim an asylum , and would bave given him an embassy in America . He then entered into an elaborate examination of the different charges against him With respect to tbe expedition to Texas , and tin : oladed that , under the circumstances , he could not have acted otherwise than he bad done , and that nothing whatever proved that he had been guilty 4 > i anything approaching to swindling . The speech

      of M . Cabet lasted four hours . The Court then retired , and , after deliberating , decided that the en . terprise of M . Cabet was not a fraudulent one ; that he had proved that he had a concession of land in -Texas ; that the Icariahs had not subscribed their money on the condition of a concession being obtained" ; that there had been no fraudulent man ' renfres ; and that tbe charge of having misappropriated cer tain effects-was not made out . It accordingly Quashed the judgment against him , and ordered him to be dismissed . '

      The Assembly has adopted , by 420 to 232 rotes , tae prorogation from the lOih of August to the 4 th of November . The Central European Committee has issued in the 'Volx du Present' another manifesto to the Poles , signed by Mazzini , Ledru Rollin , and others . The « Siecle' was seized on Tuesday last , and will « prosecuted for an article containing scandalous Illusions to the private life of the President , his iebts , amusements , & c , and the political intrigues -ims partisans .

      The * Moaiteur' contains the decision of the triunai of the first iustancft in the Cailier-Lemulier « se . The court decides that there is no wound prosecution against ' M . Carlier . . ° , o ^ accounU of the elections of the Nord fse 14 , 101 votes in favour of 3 f . Vaisse , ex-Mi'ster of the Interior , and 2 , 468 for M . Dslaro ' re . ¦

      IT \ LY Je learn from Borne that the scandalous cbroicie has furnished some details respecting the inseof MonsignorTizzani ' s fright , and the blowing } of his house i which , without answering for their irreetness , I consider sufficiently amusing to lav fore your readers . This prelate , who is said to f rather of a gallant disposition , was obliged to tve Rieli , of which place he was bishop , on scant of a rather scandalous affair . On" bis return Rome , although he belongs to tbe regular clergy

      France. The Bjnapartibt Committee For Pr...

      of St . Pietro in Vincoli , in his quality of bishop he lives ont of the convent , at the house of _ a lady towbose charms backbiters aSale that he is not in sensible . Recently this P " ' ate was appointed to preach to the political prisoners at St . Mwmm j Prison , bat these poor wretches were so enraged at beinz exhorted to repentance by a hermit of the So " Z long groans and hisses interrupt d his sermons , and some agent or accomplice of theirs carried the unfavourable demonstration so fat as to throw a grenade into the cellar of his house , which ! produced no other-mischief than that of inflicting a severe panic upon all the inmates . English journals are now virtually prohibited in the Roman States by the enormous postage people are made to pay for them . The priests take this mode of showing their admiration for the London

      press . Theanti-smoking demonstration -still continues . Fr om Milan we learn that the chief feature of Radetsky ' s proclamation , issued from Monza on the 19 ih ult ., is the threat to hold the entire municipality responsible for the acts of seditions citizens . He is persuaded that tbe state of siege is no inconvenience to peaceable citizens ; is resolved to abolish all the mitigations which have been introduced into that regime of military despotism , and declares in full vigour his proclamation of Match 10 th , 1849 . The « Opinione , ' of Turin , speaks of a rumou that 1 , 000 Aostrians are marching upon Naples .

      PIEDMONT . Advices frotnArona state that from Genoa to the Alps there is ' but one prevailing sentiment , with regard to the present political institutions of Piedmont—a feeling of sincere love for constitutional liberty , and attachment to the person of the King , ro whose firmness , in spite of the intrigues of the ecclesiastical and ultra . arlstocratical party , the preservation of the constitution in the midst of reactionary powers , is mainly attributed . This sentiment is certainly not unmingled wi th some slight degree of trepidation , lest the league of despotic , § w , reJpvButmlu finally triumph over this last stronghold of Italian liberty ; but great faith is

      placed in the enthusiasm of the country , and , incredible as it may seem , after the wretched part which Prance has acted in the affairs of the penin-8 ula ( hopes are still entertained by the majority of the people that the grande nation would not stand tamely by whilst Piedmont was again being reduced to the yoke of despotism . The traditional hostilities of France and Austria in ; thevast plains-of Lombard ? appear to have left a lasting conviction in the minds of the common people , that it is the destiny of the Teutonic . race to be swept ; out of northern Italy by the . Gauls , and , often as their hopes are deceived , they return to them again with inconceivable tenacity . ;

      The state of the country appears to he highly satisfactory with regard to . tbe material interests of the people ; and , when such is the case , the financial embarrassments of the government can only be of temporary duration . The taxes , although just now very heavy , are cheerfully paid , ' as the necessity of them is fully recognised ^ that of ten per cent , on the net incomes of hbdse ' proprietors , which has ' recently come 'into action ; '; as ' . well as

      that of sixty francs per annum on- commercial establishments of the higher order , will considerably increase the state revenue and allow the govern-: ment to diminish still more the duties . on articles of general consumption . The duties on colonial produce are now so low that this part of the country , bordering on the frontiers of Lombardy and Switzerland , is becoming a great , entrepot of that sort of merchandise ,, which gradually finds , its way into the " neighbouring stales . ... .. ¦ ' '"

      It is apparently the intention of the government , or the natural bias of the people , to give the whole country a military organisation , in the same manner that , in the Roman States , every public inr stitntion assumes a priestly garb . This is evident even in colleges , where the boys wear a semi-mili tary costume , are distinguished by military grades , and are daily exercised in military . manoeuvres i Whereas , in the Papal seminaries , all the lads look like priests in minature , and wear black , white or purple gowns , with little knee breeches and cocked hats . Throughout the country the national guard is full of enthusiasm , and rifle companies are being everywhere organised , and have regular days for practising ; nor does the spirit of the people appear much broken by their recent defeats . ¦

      SPAIN . : . The Senate has definafely adopted the law for the settlement of the debt by a majority of fifty-nine to nineteen votes . It will be promulgated oa Tuesday . CANADAV We learn from Toronto , July 12 th , that the parliament during the previous week has been occupied with matters of chiefly local interest , and a number of private bills have been advanced a stage . Among these the principal one has been a bill of Sir Alan MacNab , to incorporate a college , under the name of Trinity College , to be under the superintendence of the bishop of the church of England . This is the college that bishop Strachan intends shall run in opposition to what he terms the . ' godless' provincial university ; and it was to obtain aid for this that

      he recently visited England . This proposition of Bishop Strachan has caused a good deal of bitter feeling against the church of England on the part of the party who-are opposed to state endowments . of Churches . Not on the ground that this college is a state endowment , but that it is an attempt to break down the provincial university , which was rendered non-sectarian in its character by an act of last session , which excluded , all religious teaching from within its walls . The charter will be granted , as the bill has already passed its second reading , and been committed .. But , in place of the college being allowed to hold real property to the value of £ 10 , 000 per annum . as demanded , it will only be allowed £ 5 , 000 ; and a clause of the bill which provided for the incorporation of affiliated preparatory grammar schools all over the country has been struck

      out

      UNITED STATES . The royal mail steamer , Africa , Captain Ryrie , which left New York on the 16 th ult . afc noon , arrived in the Mersey on Saturday evening at halfpast nine , with tbe usual mails , ninety-six passengers , and upwards of a million dollars in specie . By this arrival , which is one of the quickest voyages ever made , we have dates from New York four days later than those received by the Hermann , which arrived at Southampton on Saturday morning .

      . The Tehuantepec Surveying Expedition . has re . turned to New Orleans . ' All the essential surveys , at least those which go to show the entire , practicability of " the railway route " , are now complete . A few parties bave been . left on the ground -to make ieCJMoisanefis and survey a line for the construction of a carriage road . The Coatzacoalcos river is reported navigable , for twenty-five miles above ita mouth , for ships drawing eleven feet of water . The climate is healthy , and the officers and men attached to the expedition contracted no disease .

      The overflow in the Upper Mississippi and its tributaries still continues , to the great damage of the inhabitants in the vicinity . Such a flood has . never been known before since the settlement of the country . Ilia now more than a month since the waters began to rise , and for hundreds of miles along the Mississippi , Missouri , and their tributaries , the bottom lands are completely submerged ; the growing crop has been entirely destroyed ; many bouses have been washed away ; a vast amount of live stock has perished ; and a wide extent of territory , which , promised aa . abundant yieldhas been

      ,, rendered barren and dessolate for the season . The levee , or dyke , at the city of St . Louis has been entirely overflowed , and the warehouses filled with water to the depth of several feet . During this period business has been almost entirely suspended , as boats could neither receive nor discbarge their cargoes at the usual landings . The river is now several miles wide opposite St . Louis . Great fears are entertained that when the waters subside , leaving a large surface of wet and swampy land exposed to the midsummer sun , the effect will be highly injurious to health . ' ¦

      The health of Mr . J . Finnimore Cooper has improved , and heis now out of danger . The political canvass for state officers continues to produce great excitement in Texas . Col . G . W . Hockley , one of the veterans of the Texas revolution , died at Corpus Christ ! on the 6 th ult . - Dates from Utah have been received to may 31 st . Tbe first ground was broken for the great Salt Lake and Mountain Railway on the 1 st of May . When this enterprise is completed , preparations will be commenced for the erection of the Temple . The condition of affairs in the new settlement is represented aa highly encouraging . i

      : General Talcott has been found guilty of the charges preferred against him by the Secretary of War , and dismissed from the army . His offence consisted in giving out ordnance contracts illegally , and concealing the / acts to avoid censure . It may m that there are circumstances worse than this con

      France. The Bjnapartibt Committee For Pr...

      nected with the transaction . He has a son in the army , a colonel by brevet , who has distinguished himself greatly both in the Florida and Mexican wars .

      INDIA . The Overland Mail having arrived , we are in possession of our usual letters and files in anticipation of the Overland Mail . The dates are—Bombay , June 25 , and Calcutta , June 12 . Our corres - pondent ' s letter ia as follows : — Durinj : the past fortnight there have been a couple of shipwrecks at the entrance of the harbour at Bombay , one of which was attended with fearful loss of life . The ships were the Atiet Rehoman , from Jedda , with pilgrims , and the English vessel Charlotte , Captain Douglas , from Calcutta ' to Bombay . The first went ashore on the island of Kenery , when upwards of 150 of' the pilgrims perished . The Charlotte was destroyed off Jingeerah , twenty miles south of Kenery—crew all saved but two . - ¦ -,

      On the 22 nd of May an extraordinary fall of ice occurred near Bangalore , during a storm of thunder , lightning , and rain ; the hailstones which at first made their appearance were about the size of limes and oranges , but broke through tbe tiles and roofs of houses , and destroyed gardens and fruit trees . Some of the hailstones found next morning were as large as goose eggs , some as big as pumpkins ; one block , found in a dry well . measured four feet and a half in length , three in breadth , and one and a

      half in thickness . It was probably the result of the cementation of several of the smaller pieces into one lump , although the fall of pieces of ice of this size is not unfrequent in India . In the reign of Tippo Sultan a piece was found the size of an elephant , which took several days to melt ; in 1826 , a piece of similar size fell in Candeish ; in 1838 ; a block of ice , apparently a mass of cemented hailsstones , was found near Dharwar , measuring twenty feet in circumference .

      The tranquillity of the Panjab has induced the GovernorrGeneral to direct the release of seventytwo political prisoner " , who had been sentenced to various terms of . imprisonment as rebels . An event , however , occurred at Umritsir , on the 10 th of Junej . which might , have . been attended with serious consequences .: A drunken European soldier who had been placed in eoufiaement lor desertion managed to get possession of a sword , and with it cut down Jewan : Singb , the . commander of a Sikh

      regiment forming part of ; the garrison . The death of their commander naturally occasioned much excitement at the < time in Jewan Singh ' s regiment , but the murderer having been imprisoned to stand his trial , all was quietagainby the following morning . Jewan . SinghwaSyB ' very-distinguished Sikh officer , who had done good , service to the British Government both before and since annexation , Jot which the government had rewarded him by trebling his pay and presenting him with a sword and dress of honour .

      ; The ' suspension of the State allowance to the temple of Juggernautb , and some cases which have been decided in accordance with the recently passed TolerationAet \( N 02 Vof . 1850 . ) have give rise to an anti-missionary movement , among the orthodox Hindos at'Calcutta . At all three Presidencies ail English education is considered by all classes of natives as the shortest road to wealth , and the only Heap English Education obtainable is that af-f forded ; by the mission schools . Many thousands " o native children . are accordingly educated at these institutions , and : now ,. and- then ( though such an occurrence is ' wonderfully rare ) a Hindoo youth is converted , much to . the . scandal of the native com

      mnnity .. ' Many . of these outcasts ,-on arriving at years of discretion ,, are desirous .. of , returning to the religion of their fathers , but they have hitherto been prevented from so doing by the impossible severity of the mode of expiating loss of ; caste ( wandering forty-eight years as' an ascetic ) hitherto insisted- onv A great meeting of orthodox Hindoos has accordingly been held at Calcutta , for the purpose of Substituting a ; milder form of expiration . It was stated at the meeting that there were fifty . Christian Converts at Calcutta , who would return to the Hindoo creed aa soon as the , milder form of penance , was assented to . There ia little doubt that it will he so eventually .

      THE SANDWICH ISLANDS . . Advices from Washington dated the 12 th inst . state that very important information has been recently received by the government in regard to the interference of the . Trench in the affairs of tbe Sandwich Islands . These dispatches show that the French ; have made certain very extravagant demands , upon the refusal of which they have threat * ened a resort to force . The commander of the British squadron ; had , it ia stated , applied to his government for orders , and was awaiting an order to exert his force . : '

      The , authorities of the islands have applied to the United States government for protection , The Cabinet have , it is said , agreed unanimously upon the course of this government on the subject , and the result has been a remonstrance against the interference of the government of France , ; and an assurance that the government will not permit the threatened hostile interference on the part of France . ' <

      -TURKEY . A letter from Constantinople , 15 th ult ., says : — It appears that all the members of the family of the late Mehemet Ali Pacha have ; decided on quitting Egypt , and taking refuge at Constantinople . By tbe last French packet two more of them bave arrived here—Alim Bey , son of , the old viceroy , and Moustafa Bey , son of the late Ibrahim Pacha .

      CALIFORNIA . ARRIVAL OF M ' mXNUS AT SAX FRANCISCO , The correspondent of the New York Herald' has the following : —Terence Bellew M'Manus , one of the Irish exiles , arrived in San Francisco on the 5 th of June , having made bis escape from Launceston , Australia , and been carried aw » y on board a British barque .. His arrival at San Francisco was celebrated by a public dinner , at which the Mayor presided , and which was attended by the 'senators , representatives , and many of the most distinguished men of the state . . M'Manus . looks in capital health and

      spirits . About the . time of his escape a like attempt was made by . Smith . . O'Brien , ; O'DouoghUCj and O'Doherty . ' The sum ' of £ 600 had . been put in tbe bands of an Englishman named Ellis , to purchase a brig , which was done , and after loading and clearing at the Custom-house , a concerted signal was to be given by the exiles on the . beach , ' when a . boat was to be sent on shore from the brig . The government officers ; however , received information of the project , and as soon as the signal was given for the boat , the exiles were Secured'b y the officers an 3 carried back .

      ALARMING NEWSFROM CALIFORNIA . By the Bahic , which arrived on Tuesday last , the intelligence from , California is of a most disastrous character .. Public order had been entirely lost sight of , lynch-law was quite prevalent , and in the excitement that had ensued , the police force had proved quite inefficient for the maintenance of peace .. The amount of specie received is 700 , 000 dollars . The commercial reports from the state are unchanged in tone .

      Ffitmi®\Mm\\Z\\$.

      ffitmi ®\ Mm \\ z \\ $ .

      The Diligence Between Vera Cruz And The ...

      The diligence between Vera Cruz and the city of Mexico was recently attacked a short distance from Puebla , by a small patty of whom . ThesVagelelt Vera Cruz on the 9 th ult .-with nine passengers in all .. Of these , two were Mexicans unarmed , one a Frenchman indifferently provided for defence , three were English . miners also , poorly armed , one was a Califbrnian with a trifling revolving pistol , but in

      the coach were two English gentlemen , S . T . Cirsoid and C . W . W . . Fitzwilliam , ; . who were armed and equipped as the law regulating safety on the Mexican-roads requires and directs . In addition to a goodly showing of Colt ' s revolvers , ' the best weapon we know of for any service , they , had double-barrelled guns , well loaded with buckshot , ' and for the latter in particular they found especial need . Everything went on smoothly during the first day ' s journey , and they reached and passed Perote without molestation from the swarms of ladrones who have

      long held travellers , as their own property . But while on the route between Acajete and Amosoque , about two o ' clock in the . afternoon of the second 'day , the Btage ' waa suddenly heleagured by a party of brigands , well masked but . better - mounted , who ridiiig up ordered the driver to halt . They , next , - and with great show of , courage , presented their pistols In " a way . to bring them to bear upon the passengers inside ; and were , about to charge bolt upon the stage , when Cli 96 o"d discharged a heavy load of buckshot directly into the breast of one of them . The fellow ' s head fell listleesiy , his bridle reins dropped from bis hands ; and he rras evidently about to tumble from his saddle , when one of his companions , seizing him by tbe collar an'd steadying him for a moment , turned hia horse ' s h . ead in an opposite direction . In another moment , * second

      The Diligence Between Vera Cruz And The ...

      charge of buckshot was lodged in the side of the second robber , while the Califbrnian , who was seated on the box with the driver , opened an ineffectual fire from bis little revolver . After the second shot from Clissold ' s gun , who was seated inside the stage and on the quarter upon which tne brigands made the onslaught , the entire party scampered off , and thus was a party of Mexican robbers completely beaten off with loss by two welldirected di 8 cha ? ges from a double barrelled gun . On arriving at Amosoque , a large village ten miles changed

      from Puebla , and where the stage horses are , Clisaold was advised to go to the alcade , and inform that functionary , of what had happened . He did so , stating that he believed he had killed one robher-if not two , when he was told itwas a pity he had not slain the entire party . It afterwards appeared that the " first brigand shot lived but a few moments ; and that the second , after lingering four days , finally exp ired , They were all described as new hands upon the road , their faces not being recognised . The affair created not a little stir along theroad . _ . .

      A table has recently been published containing an account of the railways in the United States . The whole number of railways is 335 , measuring 10 , 287 miles in length , and constructed at a cost of 306 , 607 , 954 dolls . The directors of the French Mint received , about twenty days since , 26 , 000 , 000 of francs in gold ingots from California , by way of the United States . A cession by the state to the city of Paris of the Bois de Boulogne is in contemplation , the city undertaking to make vast improvements , so as to add to the convenience and . beauty of the promenades .:

      The Friends Of Italy. 1 C Concluded From...

      THE FRIENDS OF ITALY . 1 C Concluded from our last . ) WHAT CAN WE , ASENGLISHMEN , DO FOR ITALY ? This is a question on which we have already touched ; it remains , however , to show , a little more in detail , what features there are in the present which should induce us to give our interest in the Italian Question some practical shape , and what the special means are by which our Society proposes to facilitate this end . ' ';'• . There are two stages in the growth of ideas such ; as that of the national Independence of Italy . . The first i when , uttered and preached by a few solitary

      thinkers , they do not find a sufficient echo ; in the heart ; of the masses ; . when , in eliort , they may be a prophecy , "hut are not in reality » fact . As spectators of the growth of such ideasi we can then admire , and sympathise with them-r-but ' v ? e cannot act for them ; We . mustbc prudent and preach prudence ' , even while our souls are moved ; lest we sjmSk'j , by iu \ ti > ied encouragement , provoke to pw ' _ :., attempts and to . bootless sacrifices . But t * V / v > T « k " ud stage ' , which follows on the first at Ei *^ ** : * interval .. ' . It is when the idea form ^ v * , /• . ¦ , ; the few has grown to be the hor y $ L £ " ^ . the niarty ) of to-day is replar ^^ Ss ^^ iS ^^ when a people ti ' I „„„„ in / i uv Kvnte ' ;' 4 wS * aeei « matedoyV ^ £ ^^ $$ S » geon , andex , l' ^" h SWeak and . ungene ^ state , carrier . ' " " "' -v "„ £ , £ , & atrneele . Reni " --- ¦•'•' ¦ ' ^^^ ^« &^ SSSiaSgS * fetei of bands , w ;* W , " ^ i « wi » of repeated ana ! ever stronf - ' ^ "sbotefni andon to' ^ ictory , When suc tempts , " ^^ XSrrMCh ' ed , - thenitis / . . stage . has ^^ een moonte ^ t 8 ° [ ie ^ the oneness . o-e i » Per fttlved p ut X ™ * e' noble as it isma ^ he human race , who recogn fl w h ( J profess to ; iie ^ ^ ^^ ftSh ind ^ usticevj

      bear witness fffj 1 -- \ ^'^ TJL « iAich this .. people-is contending autolce ^^ £ & just , one , to protest against its ^ K »«^ - ' 1 . - ^ 4 to shorten , as much as possible , and render asw »> ^ as possiblei that struggle which the law of histo —ifobe unavoidable . ... > - . ; . . ; : ' - . ~ - ] This second stage has evidently arrived for the national cause of Italy . A while ago it was . the cry-of shameless men : —* The Italians do not desire liberty . - ¦ they are very ha ' ppyas it is—were it not for a few conspirators , and demagogue ' s , and hot young spirits ,-they and the Austrians , and the Pope , and the . King of Naples , and all the rest of them , would get on very amicably together . " This was always fundamentally , a Ue , but , even had it been the truth , -what impression ought such a / act to have produced on us ? , We should then certainly , have , been . absolved from all duty of actively participating . in the cause , of Italian Independence . It ! is . not ' , for one people , to force liberty upon another , liberty is too grand , a . boon' to bo forced on those that do not feel the want of \ i .

      But surely it had been no Cause for congratulation had it been so . It had surely , rather been a cause for shame and sorrow that a people once so great as the Italians had fallen so low—that a people with eyes so bright and brows so majestic , should have hearts SO craven—that a people so gifted and impassioned with the universal genius of song and beauty , should have suffered so total an eradication of all moral principle . The Italians happy 1—to those who , had flaunted that phrase in our faces , our reply should have been" We despise them for being happy , would to God they were once well miserable 1 " And should we have seen a few men—young or old—miserable amid the general happiness , melancholy exceptions to the general mirth—should we have discerned here and

      there in the towns , or amid the mountains of Italy , a solitary manor two still nursing the dream of liberty , still thinking the thought of Dante , still knawed by the pain that leaves not the noble heart , and striving to communicate that pain to others—how then ought we to have , greeted such men ? With the name of conspirators , demagogues , hot and insubordinate spirits ? Despicable they who had done so'I It would have been the . duty of all to sympathise with those men , to admire them , to pity them ; to moderate certainly , if possible , their excessive impetus towards action , and to prevent them from rash enterprises , which would but sacrifice themselves and others , and compromise their cause ' , but , had that been impossible , to follow them at least to' the

      scaffold with respect , and to shed a tear over their unfortunate tombs . Aa each martyr changed his place , above , for his place beneath , the Italian earth , our thought should , have been— " One more for Italy . " And . as these martyrdoms became frequent and . numerous , we should have marked' the omen with interest , hailing . every fresh symptom that the struggle was' becoming ripe , and the " championship of the national cause being transferred from individuals to the , people . This is the law of all heroic movements ! There was a time in the struggle for the independence : of Scotland when the sole representative of that struggle , the one man of mark in all Scotland that had not taken paths , double and triple , to

      theEneliBhidward was the western chieftain Wallace . Yet Scottish Independence'was won nevertheless , and the , legitimacy of the process no one gainsays . Extend , then , the parallel to Italy . Strange that men should read history with other eyes than they , observe Contemporary events ; that they should malign and depreciate in the present those , very kinds and ways | of action . which form all that is poetic and valuable , in the past ! Success , success is still -. the test ; the worshipful thing is still tbe fait accompli ! \ Fortunately , however , that old cry of the happiness of the Italians iri their slavery , always essentially a lie , is now a-lie convicted . Never again can it be repeated , except by a sheer exercise of mendacious impudence . The cause of Italian

      Independence has openly and incontestably reached its second stage . . Since 1815 the Italian people have been always protesting against tbe arrangement imposed on the peninsula by the Congress of Vienna—have always pleaded and published their claims to . nationality . The attempts to assert these claims ; ih fact , at first put down by force , have been regularly gaining in power and unanimity . The memorable years 1821 , 1831 , and 1848 are epochs along which the growth of the cause in the Italian mind may be most easily measured . But between these epochs , aud . connecting ; the m :.- together in . a less visible manner is to bo traced a series of local and partial demonstrations evincing the propagation and acceptance of the

      national thought in almost every district of Italy . The forces of the misguided Italian princes were at first sufficient to . maintain the system of despotism ; the strength of Austria was then , required , in addition , for that purpos . ; more recently ' , even this lias been insufficient , and the recreant might of France has been called into the arena . A combination of , all cabinets and all forces is now scarcely powerful enough to keep down , for what , everybody feels to be but a transitory period , the strong Italian spirit . ' From Sicily to Venice the cry is one--Liberty , Independence , Nationality . Therb have been thousands of martyrs , thousands of , exiles . , The popular will has been so strong as ' to compel , Princes ' and Pope into the hypocrisyof liberalism . ' . Welcomed by , civilisation in this their new character , Pope and ! Princes were abandoned as soon as they . deserted its

      cause . We have seen a Pope Hying from the metropolisof the Christian worjd , his thunders of excorai municatiori falling scatheless and unnoticed , his tiara not finding a single defender among hi ^ subjects . We bave seen Austrian armies driven away from the Italian soilby almost unarmed populations * , we have seen a French army defied and . held in check by the valour and the extemporised military skill . of the first of Italian cities . Whatever . differences about the means , there Is not a , single Italian writer of hiffh repute , not a single intellectual man in Italy that does not belong really to the National Partv . In spite of military terrorism-in spite of all the * exertions of a pol . ee , ecclesiastical , secular , internal ! and foreiga-the struggle yet' continues . ' , The regular press » overpowered and extinguished ; aclandeS press mes up , as if by enchantment , which nb 2 e can put down ! A * ord is whispered by feXs' . Do not Boyke ; " not a single cigar « -Jwfffi

      The Friends Of Italy. 1 C Concluded From...

      streets of populous towns , except in the mouths of gensdarmes and hired spies ! A military foreign chief walks into a theatre ; instantly boxes , pit , and every other part of the house are deserted by the spectators ! . In tbe face of such facts , who will dare to repeat the old calumny ,, that the Italian movement exists only in the persona of a few restless conspirators ? It is evident that the national feeling has spread through the whole population ; that it is impossible to crush that feeling ; - that -what is afc work in Italy is not a factionbut an entire people—not an emeuto but a revolution—not the logic of a few dreamers , or the rhetoric of a few ambitious men , but the design of ;

      Providence , the will of God . And this is evident , too , from another infallible sign—the progressive self-improvement of the struggling people ; the purifying action which the work in which they are engaged is exerting upon their thoughts and character . The persecution is horrible , unceasing , and such as Englishmen cannot imagine ; the reaction , one might think , would be terrible and unsparing . The reverse takes place .- Wherever the people have been triumphant , there- has been clemency , magnanimity tolerance . At Rome , - at Venice , at Milan the behaviour of the people and of'their leaders , even at the hour wheu the temptation to retaliation was greatest , was exemplary and noble .

      Tbecause of Italian Independence is , therefore , just ; it has reached its full tide ; and the people are ripe for its final . victory . Bayonets—foreign bayonets , French bayonets—alone prevent this result . Remove other foreign troops irom the soil of Italy , leaving the Italians to deal with the Austrians , and Italy would be a free nation ere many months should have passed . " ' .- ' .... - ' - Is the inertness of Englishmen now in this cause to be forgiven ? Are we , the protectors of the black race , to see unmoved one of the most renowned portions of the white race trampled on and given over as a prey . to physical force ? And this even were it

      not true that we have a personal interest in the matter ; were it not true that the power that mainly rules in Italy pretends also to rule over our minds ; were it not true that it is chiefly in Italy that what remains of the great and all-interesting problem of Freedom of Conscience is to be worked out ; were it not true that Kernels the centre of that only partially broken web of error and corruption which still entangles multitudes ; were it not true that there is that in Italy which proves that , were she once emancipated , she might again start forward as of old in the cause of humanity , and amply discharge , by new intellectual ^ moraly and-political service ; all her debt to the assisting nations ? '

      : ' But .. what can . we do to assist Italy ? Many things . ; . .. , ..,. ; " -. " .: In the first place , we can take care to be wellinfcrrhbdin . au that pertains to Italy ; we can lay it as a duty upon . ourselves , individually and . collece lively to acquire and maintain a competent krioivledgof Italian affairs . - The great impediment , as we have already said , to any efficient activity on the part of Great Britain in the question of Italian Inde-r pendence ia the ignorance-= of British men and women as to the real state and views of the Italian people . ; Moreover ,, believing as we do that thoroughly correct action in any matter whatever must be based on' correct , lchbwledge ,.-, our earnest desire is that whatever ' course ' of conduct Englishmen may adopt with regard to Italy should proceed , not on a few generalities and never so amiable . enthusiasms * but on as thorough and intimate i an acquaintance with the whole case as it is possible for

      -- rifclislimen . 'io attain . We desiretbat'lingli f hrneri b ' uM » ldknow as many particulars as possible rfespect-¦ h"S '; ;* he , ' . physical , moral , intellectual ,, and religiqus - ^( Jitions of Italy and its inhabitant ^ . We , de . B « e , i . ' wi Englishmen should find themselves able to be BttCiiV yy pre ' gent , as it were ,, in the various c < ; ° tres . V ' m life and industry—in Rome , in . Milan , m i- ^~ jn Genoa in Venice , in'Florence , in Lucca , in ^ - ' , ; : 8 . not present as the mere tourist and pleasure S 6 . v .. ^ nfc . gtrkt j ^ ofwha . they s ee a w aland political critics . We fu ^^ ialB ftt ^ TnP BhouW haTC before tB « raaU the materia to ap ^ Ual dedgJon cf . lU ¦ ^ tion : 65 ^ "fwrn , Italian people and their rulers ¦*&&' ' i ' ual and numerous . Ispeci- . mens ! kiiejhature andTworking of the Austrian rule in Lombarby , the nature and working of . tbe Papal rule io the : Roman ; States , and the nature and working of the Neapolitan rule in the Kingdom of the ' Sicilies ; We qesirethat , of every Italian incident reported in the newspapers , or not reported there—¦ whether that incident tells in favour of the one side

      orin favourof the-other—they should be able to forma literally accurate , and not a vague or distorted impression . In short , we desire that the real and whole truth of the . Italian , case should be submitted to tfie lionest judgment and investigation of the British public ; confident that then the rightenthusiasms and the right ' geheralitieg will attain the sway which we seek for them . ¦ ¦¦ - ¦ - ' \"' Again , founded ion this correct -knowledgej and accompanying its growth , there may- be an expression-of national opinion . \ Vith all our insular habits , and all-our indifference towards foreign affairs , England is not yet so far sunk in reputation as not to be listened to when she . is evidently in earnest . Recent events ,: indeed , and the apathy of

      our government have robbed England of much of her prestige among the nations . Russia , and not England , is now . universally regarded on the Continent as the country whose will determines the balance . During the recent struggles in Hungary and Italy , English residents abroad saw their personal respectability evidently diminishing in consequence of the impression produced by the Conduct of the English government at home . Still Britain has some moral power left . Underneath the opinion of her government , and legally capable of an independent expression through the press , through conversation in social circles , and through public meetings , lies the opinion of tbe mass of the people .. That , . we ; believe , is , in the main , right

      and . generous , mere was something stoutly English , though the , demonstration : came too late to be of much avail , in the . cheers for Kossuth and Hungary , and those others for Mazzini land Italy , which rang through many a public hall in our large towns , not long ago . It is to be hoped that the fervour then excited has not cooled down , and that , on a fitting occasion being given , it may again , and more promptly than before , blaze forth in emphatic manifestation . And though , ; if bereft of its due outlet through . the special organ of our . government , this enthusiasm of the British people cannot do . all it might , still even alone it may do something . Even a bully trembles and desists in the presence of spectators who show ' by words or by gestures their scorii for what he is about ; and even the boldest man

      hnds his courage nerved to a higher pitch by the expressed sympathy of . ' those whom he honours . And , to some extent the same is true of governments and n ations . . So firm is our faith in the necessary interdependence of all parts , of . this physical , and moral universeJto which we belong ,. and ' in : , the power even of . silent thought ' and feeling , much more of opinion strongly expressed ,, to find a way for itself . into the general fabric of things , that ; we can believe X time might arise when , were we'Britons , standing on bur own soil , only ivishiny as vehemently the freedom of Italy , as the Italians , standing on theirs , are ready to act for it , the very , substance of the earth would lend itself as a conveying medium between , us , ' and the , wish of the Island would . shoot ,, as a decisive stimulus , through the act , of . the Peninsula .

      Feeling and talk , however , are small matters ; and he who , deeply moved by any wrong of which he hears or reads , does not avail himself of whatever way ; may he open of showing ' his feeling in appropriate action—nay , who does not strive to create a way , if none exists—isjbut ; a , sentimental poltroon . The last and chief duty , therefore , incumbent on England in the matter of Italy , is « course of appropriate national action . It is not much that individuals , . or even that corporate portions of- the community , can do directly and imiriediately towards this end . Something , indeed , may be done negatively . British capitalists of honourable feeling may refrain fromflending their money to the despotic Italian government ? , or to any that are in

      league with them ;• and British public opinion may exert itself , to multiply : such cases . On the whole , however , the , action , properly ao . called ,., that 5 s legally possible for Englishmen upon Italy , resolves itself chiefly into this—action upon Italy througb ; a prior ' constitutional Action upon our . ' . own British government . : ' In international affairs , ' the people may think and speak in their own name ; the power ultimately to decide'the mode of direct action ' on other nations—the' power , , by ship or , diplomatic message , to convey to , Austria , to Russia , ; . or to Portugal , as the case may be ,. the Yea . onNag . 6 ( England . in any ; rnatter England cares for-r-resfa withi the government . It is by constitutional action on the parliament and government of this country , therefore , that we can carry our national sympathies with the Italian cause to any effective practical issue . And , as ' preliniinary to this , it is ' above all necessary that we , should know what bur imvprn '

      mentis spontaneously doing . or . inclined to do in the matter . : it ig necessary that Englishmen should be aWe ?* was possible , to strip the veil of secrecy from the diplomatic conduct of their government in the Italian question ; that ; in a question so momentous , and in which to be dilatory is to be useless , they should not be left merely to form their opinion of the past behaviour of their government from Blue liooks a , year old * but should have avsharp and clear , insight into what government is doing or un . aomg from moment to moment . It is necessary toat , while all England maybe enthusiastically . saying ^ nag to the policy , of : despotism in Italy . Mglisnmen should have the / guarantee of . actual Knowledge to convince them that , in passing , through the organ of their government , this message ¦ is " not frittered'into , something that may Sound like a yea in the ears of foreign Cabinets . Thus informcid of what is actually done or mediated , by ^ overament , Englishmen may work by : the usual means up , on Parliament , and woikleaa in the dark . Opportuiiities for Parliamentary discussion may be made and ' turned to the best account .. And

      The Friends Of Italy. 1 C Concluded From...

      much , very much remains to be done in ^ T ^ How finally tbe will of England in . thft * * tt Italy ought io take ghapo in ftrliameni , ier if sions and in Ministerial dispatches , is a i " < leti , weighty question . It is hardly for vis , at i ?^ jm to pursue tho inquiry " so far . This onlv '"?* say that we cannot believe that circumstL * * il ' l such that Britain , - as a nation , may not M due diplomatic , prudence and all due zeaifJ * l a ! l find means for acting in behalf of It > jv Pcaco remptorily ,- more liberally , more hoieiti ? " " ^ more creditably than she hashitherto donp Ac < l on the narrow platform of tho non-intmif S ? « a principle how much could lie cffpotJf C (!

      time may come when again in the : * 0 of European events the Austrians n C ° a driven from the Italian soil by Kalian i . k when again the foot of an intrepid Roman t ^ J may be trampling , amid tho acclamation , "' " ? " ' * Italy , on the neck of tbe secular Papicv I ^ England may do a noble work and retr- ea former error . As a strong diplomatic woh ? ' might possibly have-kept tho French fl 0 r « shores of Italy , so a similarly small thin J - ^ have a like effect again , thus , were it but i ^' ^ intcference in behalf of non-interferonec-J / lr ' English resolve that Italy should have fiih i " * England might do much for Italy . Only l ? " " - ' rule of procedure , whatever it is , be hones ! t ! lQ sistent , and earnest as becomes a British s ° " man ; and let Britain be prepared to suddo ^ 'II " * rule with the whole weight of h 6 riDflu i „ 'i H conscience , and her character . ^ b"T ' The Society of the Friends of Italy has been j to assist in carrying out these view s . To nrn * a correct knowledge , of tho Italian question ! stimulate the expression of just puMie M \ Jn ' the Italian question , and to urge tho Parihm and the government of the country to an im " priate course of national action in tho Italhn nn l

      tion—such are the aims of this Society , n " , * poses nothing but what is strictly British , it if ' poses to act upon Italy by Btiring up Enaland % ' " upon Italy . It assumes no right of direct opcm tions upon the land in which it takes an interest Its funds are not to be expended in subsidies f 0 » war , or in any other way contrary to the snjKi and habits of . Englishmen .. It is to pv-onnuJ nothing , to dictate nothing , as to the form or form , of national government , which it might be desiraV . to seo set up in Italy . This question of the futij , internal organisation of Italy , it regards as beiojj . ing exclusively to the Italian people , It 19 Strfe a societ y of Englishmen , working within the ijj lish territory ; and according to English mi . 'thoC » for the freedom and independence of the Italia " ' nation . ;

      - . We appeal , theni to the British public in heMf of this Society . / We appeal -to all classes . } Ye ty , peal to working men ; we appeal to . the wealthv * we appeal to men in stations of official influence ' we appeal to ' journalists and ; men of letters . Wq appeal to clergymen , we appeal to laymen ; wean , peal to Churchmen , wo appeal to Dissenters . Coa . fident as we are that the question . of Italy js flno which may call forth a more general , a moro truly national enthusiasm in Great Britain than any Other foreign question that could be named , it a our earnest wish to avoid , in the constitution of our Society , all that is sectarian or exclusive . We in .

      vite all who can co-operate with us at once to do so ; we invite all who think they can co-operatq with us to try to do so . Nor do we ask too much , , Wo do not ask that you , as . Englishmen , should de ! vote your days and nights to the Italian questionthat you . should neglect other interests for thij , We only ask . that , as far and as strongly as you do feel for Italy when the matter , is brought ' befora you , so far and so strongly you will take a part in her behalf ; we only ask that you would give to this cause and question an amount of study and of actiro interest proportionate to its just and greaj claims .

      Thk Fugitive Slave '- ' Law.—The Congrpg...

      Thk Fugitive Slave ' - ' Law . —The Congrpgs . tional Union of England and Wales , at its last meeting , passed a resolution denouncingthe America Fugitive Slave Law , and refusing church fellowship to all who uphold it and slavery . Death ufon the Stag e . —During the performuitt of Jack Sheppard , at the St . Louis Theatre , on the Cth , a large flat iron , suspending a lamp from tho ceiling , slipped from its fastenings and fell to tho ground , striking Mrs . Shea on the top of the head . She uttered a faint" O ! my God J" and in a rop ^ ment fell dead upon the stage , which was sot ^ covered with her blood . Of course the performs 1 was immediately suspended and the money I turned / - Mrs . Shea came to America aa Miss Kmu " We * and is the granddaughter of Stephen Kemble , and the grand niece of tbe famous Mrs , Bidden ! , Her husband is at present in New , Orleans . —Tormm ¦ Chronicle .-¦¦

      ¦• The * Avenir , ' ofNice , ofthe 23 rd , ult ^ states thai : a * Piedmontese inspector of customs has visited tho French frontier of-th . it country , with a view toes * tablish a line of custom-houses . It adds , however , that the . nature of the country is so favourable 10 smuggling , that it is considered next to impoasibla to prevent it . - - The Danish Ministry has been reconstructed undti the presidency of Count Moltfee . iPBOnOGATION OF' PARLIAMENT . — -It iS her IBOjS gracious Majesty ' s intention to prorogue thcsea « sion of parliamentfor 1851 in person . Tho session

      draws rapidly to a close . Tho ministerial whitebait dinner is fixed for- Saturday next , at the Trafalgar , Greenwich—a feast rendered all tho moro pleasant because it signifies a release from the la > hours of the session towards the close of the fol * lowing week , or at all events early in the weekaftw that , as it was last year . —Observer . i ¦ Bell ' s Life in London recently states that a lady has lost no less than £ 20 , 000 on the Derby ! Tho Limerick Chronicle says the lady is the only daughter of the poet Lord Byron- " Ada , sole daughter of my house and heart ! " ' ' . .

      Dbeadfoi, Bad Iiegs Cored Bt Homoimt's O...

      Dbeadfoi , Bad Iiegs Cored bt Homoimt ' s Oistjiem Aim Pills .-Extract of . a letter from John Eastman , Esq ., Merchant at Buenoa Ajresi dated January 3 rd 18 a \> . To Professor Hblloway—My . dear Sir , your Tills and Ointment are ' in very great repute here , and many wonderful cures have been performed by " their use ; one in particular i will relate ' , A Portuguese - farmer , who had been confined to the house with sore legs for more than five years , whien rendered him . quite incapable of following any worK , is now so perfectly cured by the use of your tills and Offliment that he . ca , n follow the plough and attend . perto » ifj to the most laborious"farming occupations . .

      Thomas Pauk,

      THOMAS PAUK ,

      Pc00214

      Ad00215

      D A R R '' ¦ S . ' - " ' ' "' il ^ " E ' PILLS X | are acknowledged : to be" the . best Medicine in t » world . . ' 1-. 30 , 000 boxes sold weekly The fine balsamic and invigorating powers of this mcili cine are wonderhil ; a trial of a single dose will carry ' -, viction that they are all that Is necessaiy to invigorate m feeble , restore the invalid to health , and do good in " cases ' . The heads of families should always have tnem . 1 the house , as they may , ' with the greatest confidence , « resorted to at any time or in any case . ,. Bitioog Disouoers . —Parr ' s Life Pills are all pQ « " ^ in removing the , distressing symptoms attendant m , bilious obstructions , difibrdereS state of the stomacn , w bowels-such as pains in the head , dimness ofsignt , sa » nes ' s , bppressidh of the chest , lowness of spirits , disincui tion for active employment , and various otber syinpii * - at all times , troublesome , and notunfreguently danse row . By taking two . ov three dotes of these pills , tne 8 Jj » P * above . described , are apeedily , removed , an'unusn . il < i ^ of serenity pervades ' the mind , ' the stomach and buvrcis * restored to their natural function ' s , and returning W " is the result ; :- ' ' !"!'' ' ¦ . ' ¦ ¦ j host

  • Citation
    • Northern Star (1837-1852), Aug. 2, 1851, page 2, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse.ac.uk/periodicals/ns/issues/ns2_02081851/page/2/