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FRANCE. The' Moniteur' contains a decree...
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Note: This text has been automatically extracted via Optical Character Recognition (OCR) software. The text has not been manually corrected and should not be relied on to be an accurate representation of the item.
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France. The' Moniteur' Contains A Decree...
FRANCE . The' Moniteur' contains a decree dissolving the councilgeneral of the Seine , which is also municipal council of Paris , and excluding from the new council all those members who have not given in their adhesion to the coup d'etat . On tbe proposition of the Minister of War the- distribution of France iato twenty-one military divisions , which prevailed before 1848 , is restored by a decree also . Each department will form a snb-division . The new arrangement will provide places for . tbe military clients of the Eiysee . The following are the numbers of the votes upon the ftrioua Constitutions which have been successively submitted to the French people since tbe first revolution :
£ " ££ « ° Sl . - " t , t" * 1 , 801 , 818 11 , 610 Gonshtabonoftbeyearlll 1 , 107 367 49 977 ConsWubonoftheyearYin . .. .. .. 3 , 013 , 569 1562 Senate Consnltnsof the year X . .. .. .. 3 , 568 , 335 8 , 374 SeMtusC pn sulms ofthe year XIL .. .. 3 , 372 , 329 2 , 569 Additional clauses .. „ % 1 , 300 , 000 4 , 205 The sycophanis of government publish these returns to
show that no Constitation hai ever been sanctioned by a number of votes approaching to that which will consecrate the Constitution that Louis Napoleon is about to give to France . This is true , bnt having regard to the increase of population , and more particularly to ttes increased facilities of locomotion within the last half century , the difference is not surprising . What the figures do prove in the most striking way is this : that an appeal to the people , backed by the whole fares of the executive power , and offering no alternative , mast ever be a farce .
It is historically evident that an enormous tatejorUy so obtained is no guarantee for either the excellence or durability of the thing voted for . There is , however , one remark -npon these figures which the - government advocates will take care not to make . Assuming tbe final state of tbe poll to be , in round numbers , seven millions for Louis Na ; ioleoB , and 600 , 000 against him , the protesting minority will he immensely larger in proportion than any of the minorities that said ' No' te the six constitutions above mentioned . Some days ago wes -published a letter-of M . Berryer to M . de Falloux , in which he complains * of the ' perfidy ' of M . de Montalemhert , and says tfet the legitimists ought to abstain and -reserve themselves for better times , that is , if France is 'not doomed to become a second
Portugal . The publication of this letter . in the Eng & h journals has drawn -upon M . Berryer e sally of spite from the government , which is equally mean and puerile . The legitimist chief was the oldest member and the reporter of the committee of surveillance of the 'Caisse d ' amortissmen etdes depots etwnsignations . The'list of the committee has been recently altered , and M Berryer ' s name struck out . It is said that the sarcastic suggestions of a likeness between the military revolution ^ of France and Portugal has produced * o small resentment among the cocked bats of the Eiysee ,
The « Moniteur Parisien" contains the following : — Whatever say be the opinion expressed in France and in England esto the probable ? causes of the fall of Lord Palmerston , vre can affirm that the real motive of it is the frank and spontaneous adhesion which the nohh . lord did not hesitatetb declare to tbe-great political act-sjhichwas accomplished in France on the 2 nd December : ' In fact , every ministerial paper contains-more or less praise of Lord Palmerston excepting the « * Jhivers . ' This organ of the Jesuitical petty looks upon his fall as a concession to the northern powers worthy of all-approbation .
A carrecpondent says : — I am informed from a certain source , that tbis morning the ' -Minislerof the Interior struck a leader oct of the proofs of a semi-ofiiciEl' « rgan of the Eiysee , because although generally favourabhrto Lord Pajmerstos , nt contained one passage , which it = was thought might he-offensive to him . ^ Since the * Univars ' attacks tbe fallen minister , we must conclude that it does not choose to do at this moment what is agreeable to the Eiysee 3 ' -end on the other band , that it is allowed in some measurer to diciate to the authorities . This is noted to-day as a symptom of what must in the natural coarse of things come to pass , namely , a split between the- ultra-montane party aid Louis Napoleon . Meanwhile the Eiysee is evidently chagrined at the retirement of Lord Palmerston ; and the stiictest orders are givea to keep everyparagraph out of the government papers that mav be in-the least offensive to him .
It results from an account recently taken , that the war msterml of France at the present time is estimated at the sum of-459 millions of francs , divided into seven categories —provisions , 22 millions ; hospitals , 17 millions ; clothing and camp equipage , 45 millions ; general remount for cavalry ( 72 800 horses ) , 52 millions ; forage , 15 millions ; artillery . 268 millions ; engineering materiel , 11 millions . France possesses 4 , 967 pieces of heavv artiHerv of different calibrein bronze , and 3 . 411 in iron ; 3 . 800 ffield pieces in bronre , and 2 , 975 mortars ; 4 , 382 howitzers for siege and field operations ; 17 , 674 gun carriages of different kinds and
sizes , and 229 swivel guns in bronze . There' are in the military arsenals 6 . 091 , 234-balls , 935 , 360 bombs , 1 , 600 , 000 8 helMl 2 , 215 grenades , 177 , 588 boxes of balls filled for cannon and h owitzers , M OOO OOO . kiloerammes of balls , 2 a 00 f > , fl 00 kilogrammes of powder , * 99 , 000 , 000 of cartridges ^ different kinds , S 6 . 000 bags filled -with balls for cannon and howitzers , £ . 522 cannon cartridges , 28 , 000 kilogrammes of powder contained in hollow shot and shells , and 45 (> . 000 kilogrammes of powder manufactured , and of the necessary ingredients for manufacturing it . In 35 years of peace the war materiel has cost I 3 i millions of
ftancs . ^ T he state besides possesses 2 , 903 ^ 01 flin t and percussion lock muskets , in the hands of the . national guard and the ^ r my ; 151 , 021 caifanes , and 184 , 336 pistols . An imitator of tbe atrocities of General Eynard has appeared in the Basses-Alpeo . This is a Colonel Parson , commander during the state cf siege of the arrendissement of Dauphin . He has published a decree declaring that any one who -gives either shelter or food , or assists ic any way a long list cf proscribed persons rshaII be treated ia every way as a rebeUgainst tbe government , and tried by . court martial accordingly . Meanwhile the detestable tproclamation of -General Eynard has been openly adapted by the highestauthorities of Park . As if in defianae-of public opinion M . de Maupas , has caused to be posted op all over
Pans a decree of the military-commander of tbe Allier , declaring thst-airery individual wbo ^ giv es refuge to M . Felix Matbe , proprietor , and to a long list of other persons , among whcmtfi gure several mote ^ proprietors and two physicians , and * ho are denounced . is insurgents , ohall be considered as accomplices of the insurrection . > Great Crowds of people , in silent indigna lion , were gathered . about these placards wherever they appeared . But this concentrated and mete . rebellion of the heart against such . execrable menaces ( gives the police authorities pleasure te behold , because they mistake that gr im protest of crushed feelings for terror , and announce in « he miserable jargon of their
reports , that * the decrees posted up to-day by order of the prefect are observed to produce a .-salutary impression * n the crowds that jfiock to read them . " The cynical tone » n which tbe sufferings and calamities , -and even death , of persons denounced as insurgents are pronounced , is of a piece with tbis callous surer of satisfaction at the progress Of terror . The * Moniteur' in recounting the horrible fate of ¦ M . Chateauneu ' , commissioner of the provisional government of 1848 in the Basses-Alpes , who was taken at Aups and shot in cold blcoJ , nicknames the victim Citoyen Chfiteaunenf , and adds , ' / Sic transit gloria xwndi ; ' thus concluding with a bangmaa ' s joke the recital of a horrible butchery .
The'Patrie' contains an article by M . Delamarre , which foreshadows the intentions of the government as to the working of the Carps Legislatif , This body is to be allowed no power of initiative ; in other words , all bills are to be brought in by the government , assisted by the council of state . 'Ihas 'the time of the legislature will not be wasted on the discussion of useless propositions . ' There is to be no tribune , or reading-desk , in the . centre of tbe semicircular ranges of benches : but each member is to speak , as in England , from bis place . The writer traces half tbe evils of parliamentary system in France to tbis use of the
tribune , which throws the management of tbe Assembly into the bands of two or three ambitious orators . The ministers are not to sit in parliament They are to be men of action , and their tenure of office is not to depend npon their power of talking . When orators can no longer make and unmake ministers by talking , they will not waste so much breath and pasjion . In conclusion , M . Dehmane says : — * the parliamentary regime was talking . The representative regime will be action . The reign of speeches is over ; that of serious business is to begin . Louis Napoleon will bave the glory of inaugurating it . '
It is reponed that one Cahaigne , a colleague ofSobrier ' s in the command of Caussidiere ' s montagnards , having used some harsh laneuage ' during bis conveyance as a cap tive from one fort to another against the officer who commanded tbe escort , was shot in cold blood , without ceremony . "Victor Hugo has been arrested by the Belgian police at Brussels , where he concealed hunself under the false name of Ganvin ( Jacques . ) Conducted before the procureur , Du Koi , for having assumed a false name , M . Tictor Hugo declared that he bad been obliged to fly with a false paisport from Paris , as member of the comite de resistance , appointed in the meeting of the Mountain on December 2 nd . The Chamber of Commerce at Havre has been dissolved for passing a resolution condemning the coup d ' etat of the 2 nd .
A correspondent says : —* In the letters of congratulation which have been forwarded to Louis Napoleon by the governments-of Butsia , Prussia , aud Austria , it is plainly intimated that the article in the treaty of Vienna , according to which no member ofthe Napoleon family can again come to the throne of France , most te strictly adhered to . Tbis " onkjndeBt cat of all" to ikised and embarrassed the
France. The' Moniteur' Contains A Decree...
President , that he at once enyoyed his most intimate friend and confidant , M . de PeHigny / tirSi . Petersburg , Berlin , and Vienna , to represent , in the " strongest possible , manner , in the first place , that the safety , of every throne in Europe depends upon the , speedy establishment of . ; an empire in France ; and in the serondplace , that . the only person who c « n found that empire is Louis Napoleon Bonaparte . . On M . de Persigny ' s return from this mission he is to be apr pointed Secretary of . State under the new constitution ; M . Turgot , the present Minister of Foreign Affairs ( which office is to be abolished ) being considered utterly'incompetent for any such position .. As a retainer ^ however , M . Turget is to be a member of the proposed senate . While these things are going on , the saloons of Paris are in a
state of the utmost excitement . Tranquillity there is out of the question . They are not even terrified . Party spirit runs higher and higher every day , and has already engendered much personal animosity . The Neapoleonists and the Assemblists are at sward ' s points . ' Reconciliation is impossible . The new constitution , which is already completed , and will be published in a few days , will , please nobody . It . will aim especiall y to concilate Thiers ' s " vile multitude ; " in fact , it will be a concentration and develop , ment of . what is now called " Napoleonistic democracy . " The legitimists will bite their lips over it until they are too sore for speech . The President ' s cant word now-a-days is lepeuple . He is to be the father of his people , the shepherd of his sheep , and will follow ,- fold , and fleece them to the death . '
' The mission of M . dePersigny to Brussels embraces three objects . He is to demand . —1 . The extradition of all insurgents ( as the government calls the citizens who rose against the coup d ' etat ) who bave taken refuge in Belgium . 2 . A strictly repressive law against tbe press . 3 . The sum which the Belgian government is indebted to France for the expedition against Antwerp in 1831 ; It is said that the secret treaty made with Russia , by Polignac , in the time of Charles X ., has been renewed by the present government . It is announced rn the ; ' Moniteur * that Louis Bonaparte will , on the 31 st nsst ., receive the consultative commission at the' Palace of the Eiysee , ' on which occasion they will
declare the number of votes . The same evening the diplomatic corps , the clergy , and consistories will also he received . On Jennary 1 st , at tea in the morning * ten discharges of cannon will be fired : at the Invalids for every million of affirmative votes . ' T" *^ W & 0 At half-past eleven a Te Beam will be chatmted at the Cathedral ofNotreDame de Peris . Louis Napateou , all the generals , & c , will be present at tbe . ceremony . The official receptions of tbe delegates of departments and arrondissements , of the civil and military authorities , will take place after tbe Te Deum , at half-past one , at the Palace of the Tuileries . This announcement has mafic a great
sensation . The correspondent of ( be 'Daily News' ssys : — 'There is but too much reason to Relieve that thott tumours which imputed to the president designs of foreign aggrandisement are not altogether unfounded . I am aware that in England a deal of scepticism is-espressed upon tbis point . 'But I am bounS to mould my-communications open facts which I tp » ceive from good and authentic sources , ^ without paying the least-attention to the'decree of probability which may be attached to such viewfi'on tbe other side-of the Channel . * Lefc me call your - attention to a mbst remarkable expression whicb appears in tbe ' * Moniteur , " and which has evidently not been put therefor nothing . In the preamble of the decree designatiBg » tbe new military division it is Baid , '« v ? Uh regard to tbe limits'of the 6 th division , whose bead quarters are at Strasbourg , " The 6 th division is that of Strasbourg ,
destined by Us form and position not to change , so $ tmg as the frontiers fkemsdves do not tbnange . '' The swords in italics are noted by every one as pregnant with meaning . In connexion with this subject , the following remark is reported to me , as having recently dropped-from Louis Napoleon : — ' * 'The Emperor" he is reported to have said , ""has bequeathed to me'a debt to France , Vae province of-the ^ Rhine . 'I will discharge it . "' On Monday it -was universally-reported that tm ^ ettempt , either sham or rea'l , would be mdte on the life of the President on his way to the ceremony of Notre Bame , or on s return , it'is ^ added that this attempt is an affair got Kip by the police . Whether arpsttempt be made-or not the -chances against itc success will be multiplied by every means -which preparation can divise . For tbe enormous guard , without which . Louis Napoleowcever moves , and the effec'tual fortification < of the cuirasses with which'he is
surrounded , indicate distinctly-the apprehension-of assassination . The following-decree appears in the * Moniteur ' : — ' 1 . The result of the votes delivered on the 20 th -and 21 st of / December , 1851 , in consequence of the appeal to the people , shall be proclaimed , published , and posted in > the communes of the Republic . 2 .. ^ 'national fete ^ sball'be celebrated Januarytlst , 1852 . in all the capitals of departments , -and on January ill th , 1852 , in all the communes of France . . 'A Te Deum shall be cbaunted'in all the churches ?
The following'decree is published : — 'No-cafe , tavern , or other place for the sale of drinks to be consumed on > the premises , can'be opened'for the future without the previous permission of the authorities . 2 . The closing of the -establishments designated in-the preceding article , whicb exist at present , or shall be authorised for the future , may be Nordered by the-prefect of-police as a measure of public security . 3 . Contraventions of the above provisions are . punishable by a fine , from 25 f .-to 500 f ., and imprisonment , from six days to air-months ' . '
/ Among the symptoms of tbe hour are to benoticed the cere with which the £ lysean writers collect—supposing them not to invent—cericin anecdotes of the election , ( tending to prove that France ie . already sigbing for the empire . One ofthe wine-growing electors otAJoze is said to have-dropped a--drawing of the little three-cornered hat into the box . Another elector addeito his'Xes' that he wishes ; to abdicate 'his share of the -national sovereignty into the hands of { Louis Napoleon . ^ Another wishes him to exercise royal authority , and to be invested with the pomp of-royalty . Many .-scraps of verses are cited-oetting forth how-mush the writere desire to be governed > by one man , who -knows better than themselves what is good for them . These straws bave their significance just aow . Toesoav . —The total number of votes in favour of Louis Napoleon given by the dast official returns is 7 . 43 S .-216 .
Wednesday . —Tbe Prefect of - - the Seine has , with the authority . of the Minister-cf the interior , placed 80 , 508 f . at the dispose ! of tbe mayors-of Paris for the relief of the indigent of the . capital on the proclamation of the votes of the 20 th and-51 st of December . The President of the Republic has addressed a circular < to the bishops . of France , requesting them to celebrate a T-e Deum in commemoration of the same event . Accounts from Algiers of tbe 25 th -of December announce that the colony was perfectly tranquil . M . Ronder-e-le-Noury , staff-officer of the ministry of marine , has beeiiidespatched to Brest on an extraordinary mis . sion . He is to-study the meant of accelerating the equipment of ships of vsar , which now take a couple of months in getting ready for-sea . It is believed that by abridging certian formalities this period may be considerably shortened . The transportation squadron is to be got ready for sailing to Cayenne with ail despatch .
M . de Montalembert has addressed to the - * Univers a letter , giving bis adhesion to tbe Catholic and Conservative press of Germany . He jays that tbe evils inseparable from the liberty of the press can only be attenuated by the energetic and disciplined efforts of religious newspapers . The committee charged to examine the lists of subscription -deposited by each of tbe five companies competing for the Railway from Lyons to Avignon , has held a meeting , and after having discussed the worth of these lists , proposed to exclude from tbe adjudication the company of the Messagelies Generates , the company represented by General Daulle , and the company of Jules Seguin and Co . If this proposition is admitted , the competition will lie between the company of MM . Seguin , Brothers , and Co ., and the company of iron masters .
GERMANY . PRUSSIA . —The publication in the' Kolner Zcilung' of two advertisements by the Peace Society has induced the Prussian government to proceed against that journal . The incriminated advertisements are translations of Kl'hu Burritt ' s « Olive Leaves for the People . ' The editors of the Kolner Zeitnng' bave consequently been condemned to pay a fine of fifty tbalers . The archives of the late German Parliament at Frankfort , its library , and other goods and chatties belonging to that defunct body , bare been seized by execution of tbe Frankfort police .
AUSTRIA . —Two Austrian officers who insulted a lady in the streets of Altona have been dismissed from the service . Tbis exemplary proceeding , however , does not pacify tbe people of Hamburg , who loudly remonstrate against tbe arbitrary conduct of the Austrian military , who arrested in Hamburg and carried off to prison in Alton two citizens who had a quarrel with an Austrian soldier , thns violating the rights of the city , and setting its jurisdiction at defiance . The Austrian general Goerges has been deprived of bis command , because one of his secretaries , it is said , supplied tbe Hungarian Refugees in London with full information respecting the Austrian measures . This affair , it is added , waa also the cause of much acrimony on the part of the Vienna Cabinet against the English Foreign-office .
The war against the press goes on here with the same ignorant zeal as ever . The non-official papers in Hungary are ordered not only to publish the names of their several editors and contributors , bat also a list of their subscribers . A censorship on a very carious and interesting -basis is also announced as about to be immediately established . A class of subaltern ( tic ) officials are to be employed , all fine ignorant fellows on salaries of £ 30 to £ 40 a year , whose sole occupation will be to read the newspapers before their general issue , not , however , as it might be supposed , to improve their minds or soften their manners and prevent them , ao
France. The' Moniteur' Contains A Decree...
cqrdfngHfo the ' prescription-nf ^ Terencerfronthecon ^ ingbrutail—but in order ibat' -theyVmiy . fgumma ' rUy arreai and imprison the writer of any artioio-eontaining objectionable sentiments or snehas they may . notjbe'able . to ^ nders . tarid ' . ' I AUSTRIA .- ^ A -great 'deal is . being-aaidjabont . thepresent tranquillity of Vienna , and this ^ facl appears more pr ^ ess to falsify the acconnti-: daily , received ; , in ; England : of : the disturb . ed . ahd discontented . state ; of ., Austria . ^ , . It'jmjjst ' by no means- be inferred , however , from . tne . apparent calm that
these accounts are incorrect .. The elements-iof . discord are fermenting beneath , the surface ; the next outbreak' wi ]] he a ! tremendous explosion , ' but till then the ' police are too slrong for any ' petty disturbances to show / ' themselves very of ten . Nevertheless , ' a few evenings since , ' on a play called the ] « Carlschuler ' 'being ; perfornied ; a' very decided ' demonstration was madein favour of the' republican princi ples it contains . They - were applauded to the echo , and the Emperor is said to have lefthis box . The-playhas been since forbidden . This is a tolerably -strong evidence of the state of public opinion , considering it can find no vent in the
papers .- ' : : . On the 18 th ultimo , it being the birthday of the Emperor of Russia , a solemn act of homage was offered by the Austrian court at the Russian -Embassy , every one except the Emperor himself appearing in the presence of Count Meyendorff , the Russian Minister , in . ; their uniforms of state . i The necessaries of life throughout Austria have risen nearly fifty per cent ., from the combined causes of bad government , and the depreciation of the currency . This is partly to be accounted for by someof the peasantry refusing ( to cultivate their land \ under existing regulation ' s . Large tracts . of . Und , 'formet ! y , devoted to the cultivation " of tobacco in Hungary , are especially lying waste from this reason .
HANOVER . —The Ring has very ill received the deputation which presented to him the addresses of the Chambers . It is stated that the Prussian envoy at the Federal Diet has received . orders to ; support the petition of the equestrian order . Upon the vacancy in the superior court of appeal of Hanover , tbe remaining judges have called upon the Diet of Calenberg to elect his successor ; thus recognising thelegal existence of that body , contrary / to . the law sanctioned by the late Sing . , ,,...
vitALY . TUSeANY . —The « Gonstituzidnale ' . of Florencepublishes a sentence , pronounced on the 9 tb by the Chamber of Accusation , annulling an acqvriUal , ; by the . Trihune of Siena , of a person named Citnballi , who bad been accused of . having adorned some cakes with the three Italian colours and other emblems recalling to'naind the convulsion of 1848 . On the l # th the Corte Regie of Florence condemed three persona convicted or high treason to hard labour in the prison of Tolterra for periods of six , twenty-eight , -and forty months . ¦ A letter from Leghorn states that the wmrt-martial of that town has condemned thirty-nine persons-Jo death for havmg belonged to a secret society , the object of which was the overthrow of the ^ grand ducal government , and the esWbTiBh ment of a republic in Tuscany . Eightspersons more , accused of tbe same crime , were acquitted . 'The punishment of death has , however , been commuted'into various periods of imprisonment .
Henry Stratford , calling himself ILord Aldborough , and his brotherjEnward Stratford , have beencondemned t todeath by the courUraartial , upon the charge of conspiracy to overturn the government , and the unlawful possession of -arras . The third brother , Charles ' Stratford , has been sentenced to a year ' s imprisonment , in chains . . But the punishment has in each case been ' cdmmuted . iHcnry' Stratford-is to suffer ten years ' -imprisonment , "Edward " Stratford six " years ' , and Charles Stratford has been set at liberty , the imprisonment previous to his trial being reckoned a sufficient punishment . ROME-. —It is said that some portion of the'jesuits- do not apfrove of Louis Bonaparte ' s coup d ' etdi , thinking it will not last long , but it-is-said that the'Pope ; felt reassured-after the very-flattering letter which was recently
delivered to him by General'Gemeau , from the president , beggingshis Holiness to be under no apprehensions whatever-a ^ to the result of the struggle , as the division of troops now ' occupying Rome would , at all events , watch over tbe safety and interests of the head of the church and . ths sacred college . ^ Lbuis Napoleon furthermore'explained that his coup < dtetat had been dictated by the imperious-necessity of preserving -order , and thct he desired to be considered in futHre ^ es-beretofore , a dutiful and- attached son oithe church . His Holiness had several-persons around hiraet the time the missive was read to him , and he is stated to have expressed himself as perfectly convinced of
theTresiderit ' s good intentions ; adding , that if Louis'Nepoleon only acted as well aa * he wrote all would go on-perfectly-well .. The ecclesiastical court certainly has-some interest in the result of ^ French events , especially in the destruction of republicanism ,-and it is currently reported at Rome that a large sum-of ¦ . money ( 300 , 000 scudi ) was for . ¦ warded from Rome to Paris shortly before the-President ' s coupi & ' Mai , in order to facilitate that important operation . The last exterminating blow has just > been given-to the monetary system of therRepublican government of = Rome , by a decree , prohibiting the . circulation of- copper money bearing the insignia of the Roman Eagle , -and -the hucription ' Dicw ! Popolo . '
• NAPLES . —Mors Teiaj-s . —Advices from Naples state that-the long-expected trials of the accused for the revolt of May 115 , 1848 , commenced on Friday . The celebrated President of the GrandtGriminal Court , Navarra , took his seat ; surrounded by those . judgcs who < have already proved themselves to be the political tools of the government . The prisoners , forty-five in number , occupied tbe same benches on which Poerio and his companions sat a few months since . The court presented precisely the same appearance—a strong body of gendarmes , and any-number of spie ? ,. placed at different points , to report the words and looks . of the crowd which filled the body of the court . Before tbe trials could commence it was of course necessary that all the acensedshould be present , one ^ of -whom ,
Archdeacon Cagnazzi , a man upwards of . eighty years of age . was reported as unable to sustain the fatigue . The president proposed that he should have a lawyer *) represent him , but the old man stoutly refused , and was brought into court in a sedan chair in the first place , it -will be necessary-to give the ori gin -of these trials . We shall , therefore , follow the printed accusation of the ProcnreNGeneral who acts for tbe crows . The 15 th of May , 1848 , was the day appointed for the meeting of the first parliament—of the new constitution . A difficulty had arisen about the form of the oath , when the members of the lower house illegally metiat Monte Olivato . A pernicious faction threw
up barricades—it was feared the King would not prove loyal to his oath ; the former perjury of the Neapolitan Bourbons wao-quotrd as an example . A street fight ensued ( a terrible dayj and eventually the royal authority was triumphant . Mare than 600 were taken with arms in their hands—more than 2 , 000 were killed or wounded . Then followed a royal amnesty . The King told the people that all should be forgotten , that new elections should take plaee , and that he would ever maintain the constitution . Ovily one of these promises was kept , namely , the calling of the new parliament , which sat jnst as long as the ¦ events of Europe were doubtful . No one everbelieved
• that the revolt of May frould be revived , and a monster trial grow out of it . It would appear , however , that the government thought it . en admirable opportunity to imprison and . clear the country of the members of the late parliament . This is the political aim of these trials . The number of the accused is 321 , and comprises one cabinet minister , one minister plenipotentiary , several deputies , persons high in the church , a few nobles and other persons of distinction and property . Of these only forty-six are brought to trial ; tbe rest are in exile , or ' liable to be called upon . ' Why so many who were actually taken with arms in their bands are not incorporated in the trial , is a Neapolitan mystery , to say the least of it . The general accusation runs thus : — ' Of conspiring and threatening
the internal security of the states , with a view of destroying or changing the form of government , and exciting the subjects and inhabitants of the kingdom to arm themselves vgainst the Royal authority , as well as , in fact , for having actually excited civil war between the inhabitants of the same population;—treason consummated in the capital , May 15 , 1848 / . Those who are not present will be tried , says the act of accusation , precisely as if tbey were in court , so that many exiles will probably find it impossible to return , as there can by little doubt about the intentions of the government . The printed act of accusation contains a variety of documents . The first is the programme of the first constitutional ministry ( approved by the King . ) Tbe lega Italiana is promised , and the royal banner is to wear the
Italian Jri-coloar ! Then follows a proclamation of tbe supreme magistracy of the kingdom , calling on the people to demand the constitution of 1820 . This paper declares the King will not observe his royal oath , but will destroy the constitution , as the Bourbons have ever done . That tbe then ministry must be changed . To arms ! and long life to the Pope ! finishes this paper . The next proclamation demands one chamber and no peers . Then follow the thanks of the deputies to the people and National Guard , dated May 15 tb , 1848 . Further on is found the protest of the chambers against the violence used by tbe Royal troops , and a declaration that tbey will meet again on the first opportunity . The royal amneatv followed .
6 ut that is not printed . The prisoners have naturally protested against , their being tried for , an act which , supposing they were accomplices , was forgiven ; by the King .. The court having been called on , in the . preliminary acts on which the accusations are founded , to show ' cause why the royal amnesty does not stand good says , tb & t as a commission was appointed to inquire into the criminal acts of May 15 th , the royal decree does not stand good . And that tha salemn words in fact of the King were simply momentary precautions . No one , I presume , will be surprised at this decision of a Neapolitan court , illegality is the rule , not the exception ; and as for royal promises and royal oaths , they are not only broken , but the Neapolitans have , as all tbe world knows , an authorised catechism to teach perjury
France. The' Moniteur' Contains A Decree...
td ' . thei youth of thff " conntryv *' - £ eopaai ; -late " Neapolitan minister at Turin , arfdlScialoja , a . cabinet minister ( two of the prisonerenqw ; under trial ) , bothput i n a pteaof incompetency , as 1 by law ) old 8 s well asrnewj - ministers . cannot be tried by the ordinary courts < of ; -iatv .- the , ' 'act , of acjCuiation , 'I need not say , puts-aside tne difficulty ' which is ; illegality No ? T . Illegality-No ; 2 , is the non . recogni' tion ' of ; tbe ' *' ^ 6 yat ; amneBty ! . Illegality No . 3 , is trial by a court whieh does ! npt admit of appeal . Illegality No . 4 , is the ri trials
the seizure 6 f documents , necessary to psoners' . Illegality ! No . 5 , js the / intimidation of lawyers to prevent their pleading . for the prisoners . ' Illegality Noi 6 , is the packing of judges . The proceedings of the criminal court are , if possible , more illegal than . vrhen Poerio was tried . At on e sitting the president would not allow the prisoners to speak ; refused' to register the fact in the minutes of trial ; and' finally ; on more than one occasion , objected to witnesses being called . It is very clear the whole of tbe prisoners nill be condemned .
TURKEY . : As the exact cause of , the misunderstanding between the French and the Porte does not appear to be generally known , a few words on the subject may not be out of place . The Oriental Catholics lay claim to nine places intimately connec ted with the life and death of our Saviour ; similar pretensions are made by the followers of the Greek Church . The French protect tbe former , the Russians the latter . The matter , was submitted 1 to a mixed committee of Catholics and Greeks , but the members beinn unable to come to a decision , referred it to a high Turkish Court , composed of the Sheik al Islam , ; Rifaat Pasha , two chief judges , and Fuad Effendi .
HUNGARY . The following narrative exhibits not only the disorganisation of Hungarian ' society ; but the utter uselessness for any good purpose , of the ' immense army now ' spread over the Auslrian empire!—Adolf Count Benilzky , a gentleman of rank and fortune , is amusing himself with his faniily , sometime between the hours of eleven and twelve in the merning . Suddenly a band of eight armed men ride quietly up , and having stabled their horses , enler the house and plunder it . They take 1 , 300 florins in . gold , silver and batik notes to a considerable amount , a service of silver for thirty-six persons , which they pack up leisurely , jewellery
of great value , three pairs of pistols , and two guns . They then request the pleasure of M . Benitzky's company as far as the village notary's where he has some more money , and which , it not being his . that functionary immediately gives up with many expressions of respect and politeness , and so the affair e nds > and the eight gentlemen having , taken some refreshment- disappear , -The ubiquitous police are not here '; ft is none of their business to prevent or punish mere crime . They are going about 'cress-questioning servants about the habits of their masters ; prying into private letters ; using skeleton keys to open writing desks , and feeing the proprietors of the brothels , and the waiteis of 'public houses to coin lie ; .
SWITZERLAND . The Federal Chambers have terminated their labours , after having ordered a new coinage to be made in silver and copper to the extent of lour millions , the figure of -Helvetia stretching out her arm in the old coins not appearing very symbolical , and , in "feet , having led to a considerable share of'ridicule . The-sit ' tings are not to he resumed before July next . ; The note of the French government has caused some excitement , but . no doubt exists that a compliant reply will be returned ^ although the canton of Bale-Campagne has proceeded'to complete the law complained of . The conatitution of the'federation only secures to Christians the liberty which Louis Napoleon now demands for French Jews , but the treaty on which he bases his clrlm is of date antariorto that settlement .
UNITED STATES . By the'Humboldt we learn that Kossuth ' s health is said to be much enfeebled by the excessive labour imposed upon him of receiving andresponding to the numerous addresses pouring in from almost-every town and association in the American ^ Union . Already , it appears by the ' New York Herald , ' the'Governor of Hungary has made no less than twenty-six orations since his arrival in New York . Tbe enthusiasm in his favourappears to be on the increase . On the 11 th ult . a grand banquet was given in his honour at the Irving-house by the Corporation of New York . The speech-of Kossuth on this occasion was said to be his masterpiece , it developed in tbe clearest manner his ' views and expectations regarding the action of the United States in reference to intervention in Hungarian affairs .
By the America we learn that the welcome to Kossuth had passed the Senate House of Representativ-ps by a large majority , and the ''New York Evening Express' says : — ' The President will send the resolution of Congress to Kossuth , accompanied by a letter written in the spirit of the resolution itself , The Gaest will be permitted to address Congress , if he desires to do so , and it is intended to appoint a committee of each House'to receive and introduce Kossutb , on his visiting the capitol . It is also contemplated to give him a dinner—the expense to be defrayed out of the tickets . In the ^ Senate . on'the 16 th ult ., a committee of three was ordered to waitontKossutb , on his arrival in Washington , and invite him totbe chamber of that august body . '
The -f New York Herald' of the 17 th ult . says : — ' We are informed that a . special messenger was despatched from Washington , last night , by the President , to invite Kossuth to the-national capital under the joint resolution of welcome passed by the two 'Houses . ' Thbre has beena ^ reat deal of destitution among the emigrants who landed late in the season , at the bead oi Lake Ontario . Many of them being Irish labourers , made their way to tfoe Great Western Railway , in hopes of being able to work . They arrived in a state of destitution , and the
disasters of 1847 recurred on a diminished scale . In that fatal year over seventeen hundred Irish emigrants were buried in one ^ rave in Tor onto . In the present season some seventy died in a very-short time in the village of Dundas . The abamies erected for the labourers along the line of the Great Western Railroad were crowded with these unfortunate beings , seventy of them , on one occasion , being stowed into one shanty . Tbe men would attempt to work ; in a few hours they would be-compelled to desist through sheer exhaustion , and next day they were sure to fall sick ,
The chief staple of the New York , papers is still the speeches of Kossuth at the various dinners given to him and his answere to deputations . The 'Herald' says : — 'The Kossuth excitement is increasing , deepening , and widening , in every direction . His mission , its objects , and its tendencies , cannot now easily be misunderstood . Tbey comprehend the grand enterprise of a universal revolution throughout the civilised world—a political , religious , and social revolution—radical , complete , and universal . '
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Dr. Edward Banks, Syndicusand Secretary ...
Dr . Edward Banks , Syndicusand Secretary to the Senate of Hamburgh , frequently employed by that city in important diplomatic missions , has died in Switzerland , where he was travelling for the restoration of his health . Madame Schroeder-Devrient , now Baroness von Beck , the celebrated prima donna of the Dresden opera , who was charged with being implicated in the last outbreak in that city , has been pardoned by the King of Saxony , on condition of her paying the costs of the proceedings commenced against her . The celebrated Italian poet , Giovanni Berchet , died at Turin on the 23 rd ult .
Tbe 'Giornale di Roma' of the 20 th ult . publishes a series of regulations for the introduction of postage stamps . There are to be stamps cf eight different values , varying from half a baiocco to seven baioccbi ( a baioccois about a balf-penny ) . The stamps represent the tripple crown and the keys . Letters for tbe interior may or may not be prepaid by means of stamps ; but letters for foreign states must . In every other respect the regulations are the same as those adopted by other countries . The civil and military governor of Bologna has issued a a notification , dated the 20 th ult ., announcing the condemnation of thirty-seven brigands , who infested the districts of Medicina , Budrio , and Imola , Five of them have been condemned to death and executed ; twenty-two condemned to the galleys for ten , fifteen , eighteen , or twenty years , and ten acquitted .
Tbe Sultan bas just issued a firman in favour of the Christian Protestants , allowing them to meet together freely , and permitting their marriages and births to be registered . An Austrian , Captain Kuecbeniiaecker , who deserted to the Italians in 1848 , was arressed in Paris among the barricade men on the 4 th of December lat-t , and delivered over by the French police to the Austrian authorities , who will now carry out the sentence of hanging , which they some time since performed in effigy .
According to decrees of the Berlin Postal Union rather a singular regulation will be in force , viz .: —Letters marked ' express ' are to be always forwarded on as fast as possible , and to have precedence of all others . It will be necessary , however , to pay double postage . It is not mentioned why all letters are not to be 'forwarded as fast as possible ; ' or , if we are to consider that paying double postage is to free people from the annoyance of having their private concerns laughed over at the post-office , if so a man , however poor , need not grudge the money .
An English architect is occupied in building a winter haven at Pestb . It is to be made large enough for 1 , 080 vessels . . Tbe encumbered estates commissions in Bohemia are also nearly as busy as in Ireland , property to the amount of 37 , 817 , 055 florins have lately come within the sphere of their operations .
Ah Awful Domestic Tragedy Occurred Near ...
Ah awful domestic tragedy occurred near Bt . John , New Brunswick , on . the 7 th ultimo . A crazy man , after calling his family to prayer , attacked and killed his wife , two children , and an aunt , and very dangerously injured four other pereoni . .
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Lord Pal ' Mersto^Aisd; The Foreign Offi...
LORD PAL ' MERSTO ^ AISD ; THE FOREIGN OFFICE . ( From ^ th b Spectator . ) '¦• ¦ "Lord Palmerston has ceased to be a member of her Majesty ' s government . " For this announcement the public were in some measure prepared by the rumours ofdi-. sensionsin the cabinet that have been current for a hw weeks . Thereis no great mystery about tho rupture . Tho story which would fasten it upon the personal animosity of the Colonwl Secret-irv meets with little credence . What with the broken health of the Home Secretary , the proved incompetence ofthe Chancellor of the Exchequer , and tho unpopular -waywardness of the Earl himself , tbe Greys have i-nougu to do to keep their own ground . . The cant « f n „ nr-ni w this exnlanation . Tho Foreign
, Secretary bad como to indulge his peculiarities to such an extent that his colleagues could no longer get on with him . Lord Palmerston had always been one of these men who engage in politics as sportsmen follow the fox , more for the excitement of the chase than from an . earnest desire to attain tbe object in pursuit . As Foreign Minister , he delighted in keeping controversies open , gratifying himself with the exercise and display of his own adroitness and resources , He had an unlucky turn for making his disputes with foreign Ministers personal quarrels . Though it is not desirable that this country should be entangled in alliances with despotic powers , our necessary intercourse with all foreign governments should at le . iat ' be civil and free front insult . Lord Palmerston sometimes forgot this rule . He repelled or discouraged any inteference of his colleagues in
his particular department ; be refused to submit his policy to the discussion of the Cabinet , and enforced the vaunted secresy of diplomacy almost as rigidly against tho statesmen with whom he waa acting as the general public . To be held responsible for every ecc'ntvioity of the Foreign Secretary—to bo obliged to approve and defend measures respecting which they had neither been forewarned nor consulted , was more than could be reasonably expected from his associates . Bad habits uain strength proverbially as men advance in years , and the complaint of colleagues that Lord Palmerston ' s wilfulness had become of late quit « ungovernable , has at least a semblance of profile secession of the Foreign Secretary from office cannot tail , however , to be productive of grave consequences . With respect to domestic afi ' airs , it is scarcely credible that
the changes in the administration can stop there . Lord Palmerston is not the man to acquiesce quietly m a relegation to private life . He is eminently quahfieu to act the part of a Parliamentary frendevr . There is no reason to believe that he has the powers required to strike out a useful line of policy , combine a party for its support , and form a strong government ; but he bas formidable abilites for attacking and annoying an incompact ministry . As a watchful , acute , and relentless cri ic , his familiarity with the practical details of business will render him a dangerous occupant of the Opposition benches . His antecedents , when last out of place , warrant the belief that he will not be scrupulous with regard to the weapons he employs . The unpatriotic eagerness with which he sought to thwart or embarrass tho negotiations by which Lord Ashburton
brought to a close that hurtful and protracted controversy with tho United States , which Lord Palmerston himself had found so extremely complicated and threatening , and which he rendered still worse , is well remembered—the never-ending disparagement— " the Ashburton capitulation , " and similar epithets of abuse—with which he assailed it ; to crown all , the unprecedented identification of himself with those attacks by attending a dinner of the contributor to the newspaper which was for the time his obedient organ . Nor is Lord Palmerston likely to lack followers . His pleasing manners and his adroitness in leading men to believe him 2 ealous in a cause , without committing himself by definite pledges , fit him to become the rallying point , of the most dissimilar and incongruous discontents . He is exactly the man to " ride iu the whirlwind and direct the storm" of aimless sigitation .
"With respect to foreign iiflairs , their present critical aspect is sufficient to cause uneasiness on account of the uncertainty which must necessarily prevail respecting the competence and the tendencies of his successor , even to those who are well enough pleased to have got rid of Lord Palmerston . The comparatively little that is known of Lord Granville is favourable and promising . TI . e misgivings expressed on account of his political inexperience , and his newness to the Foreign Department , are not without some countervailing suggestions . It bas been too much the custom to talk and think of diplomacy as a mystery , a trick of trade , that can only be understood by the initiated . At tho commencement of tho American war of independence , the Deanses and Carmichaels , who were selected from among their fellow citizens to negotiate with the Powers of Europe , showed that common sense , distinct notions of what they would be at , and an earnest determination to accomplish their sincere aims , were quite enough to enable chem to cope with the most veteran diplomatists .
Indeed , it may be suspected that the intimato acquaintance with the traoasseries and petty household intrigues of foreign Statej , which tempts to interference in their domestic affairs , is the reverse of a qualification for a good Foreign Minister . If the appointment of a statesman rather deficient in this branch of knowledge—more curious than useful—could have tbe effect of bringing our meddling with shabby foreign squabbles within narrow limits , the consummation would bo one devoutly to be wished . Still , the extended sway of military despotism in Europe , and the natural and avowed jealously with which England , 33 an asylum for political refugees of all opinions , is regarded by the great Continental Powers , " crave wary watching . " The Foreign-otfico requires at this time a Minister of rare singleness of purpose and cautious firmness ; for , however sound in theory the doctrine that a Premier ought to assert a preponderating voice in all departments of government , the personal disposition and habits of Lord John Russell hardly warrant a sanguine expectation that he will do so .
( From the Examiner . ) It is easier to say what is not to be thought than what is to be thought of Lord Palmerston ' s resignation , imperfectly informed of the cause as we are , and shall be , till tbe Par . liamentary explanations . It is not to be thought that any concession is mado to the personal enmity of despotic Powers . It is not to be thought that there is any truckling , crouching , or base propitiatory sacrifice . It is not to be thought that England strikes or shifts the colours of her Liberal flag . It is not . to be thought that the change of a single Minister involves the change of a single principle . It is not to be thought that our foreign policy will undergo any alteration in any essential of sub » stance and affinities .
It is only to be thought that the Queen ' s government has lost the services of an administrator , of abilities recognised and admired by all , friend and foe alike , combining qualifications seldom united in the same man—application , industry the most patient and laborious—debating powers the most varied and tho most brilliant—temper imperturbable , courage dauntless , withal forbearnnt and generous in all his superiorities . Among his opponents he had no enemy . Sir Robert Peel , in the last speech ha made , which was in opposition to his policy , cordially expressed the general feeling in the words , " We are all proud of him . "
It is not for us to pronounce him faultless , for we have had occasion to dispute the justice and wisdom of hia policy in several instances , especially the Syrian question ; but when Lord Palmerston did what was wrong according to our views , we had to confess that he did tho wrong thing with consummate address , and tbe evil consequences , the prospect of which made us tremble , were escaped , though by a hair ' s breadth . We still think , however , that the success , barren enough in itself , was not worth the risk . As an administrator , Lord Palmerston , with rare merits , seems to have had one not inconsiderable fault—he could keep anything and everything and everybody well in hand , except himself . His own jockey ship ran him often out of the course . The desk was his place of peril , his pen ran away with him . His speech never made an enemy , his writing has left many festering sores . The charm of manner and urbanitv which so served him in Parliament
and society was sometimes wanting on paper , and good counsels were dashed with asperity . The fault was probably unconscious . Lord Palmerston had become so familiar with tbe powerof England he had so long wielded , that he was possibly not always sensible of the weight with which words fell from his bi ^ h position . Certain it is that his best friends and admirers have often wished that the manner of his correspondence had been as clear of objection as the matter and object . Few men acceding to power have been greeted with so general an expression of admiration as has followed Lord
Palmerston ' s retirement . Few rising suns have been more gloriously fainted than this settingsun . His old opponent , the "Times , " has paid the handsomest and most eloquent tribute to many of bis high qualities . After having stood his ground against many afierce party onset , after having triumphed in many a pitched battle , this veteran statesman founders in tho recess , like the Royal George in harbour . That the rupture at this particular juncture is peculiarly unlucky , to say the least , every one must feel , inasmuch as the absolute Powers will construe it in a way highly satisfactory to themselves , but little honourable to the spirit and consistency of England ' s councils .
The cause assigned by general rumour we cannot affect to discredit , astounding and incredible as it may appearnamely , that Lord Palmerston , heretofore the stanch champion of liberty in every part of the world , has given the sanction of his approbation and enthusiastic admiration to the treacherous overthrow of the French constitution and the establishment of a military despotism . If this be the fact—and unhappily we have no reason to doubt 1 U it is another illustration ofthe hackneyed truth , quern dm vultperdere , prius dementat . Many extraordinary changea we bave seen in men , but none to compare with this ; fos of all the sympathies with despotism this is the most foul , strango , and unnaturul , as we have seen the immediate hideous generation of the thing-tlie congress of death ia sin—in treachery the most revolting to every sense of honour , and lawless violence the most repugnant to every semiment of humanity . The " Times states :-
'' Lord Palmerston ' s opinion , as expressed by the morning journal which is his exclusive organ , was that of unbounded approbation and admirationfor a successful coup d ' etat that annihilated the liberties of France ; the opinion of the Cabi « net is said to be one of regret at achange which transferee * the French people from constitutional government to military absolutism . Ihe former opinion expressed itself in terms of high-flown commendation '; the latter , though not unfriend ly to Franceunaer form of government , was disposed to adopt a ( one of greater reserve , caution , and expectancy , ' We ourselves have traced in our correspondence from Parig the existence at tho same moment of these two dictioctafil
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Citation
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Northern Star (1837-1852), Jan. 3, 1852, page 7, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse.ac.uk/periodicals/ns/issues/ns2_03011852/page/7/
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