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Northern Star (1837-1852), 4th January 1845, Edition 2 of 4, Page 7

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  • Departments (4)
    • Cwre^oiHrenw
    • \ f v'Wanc»* 'dtofcittheiitff*
    • *Sattfcruut0, &c
    • MARKET INTELLIGENCE
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    • Note: This text has been automatically extracted via Optical Character Recognition (OCR) software. The text has not been manually corrected and should not be relied on to be an accurate representation of the item.

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      Past And Pre Set Aspect Op The , ; .,: C...

      PAST AND PRE SET ASPECT OP THE , ; .,: CRIMINAL CODE ; OB . " PBOSKESS " Bt . TCBISPBUDEXCE . ' The growth of a reverence for human life is one of the surest indications of advancing civilisation . In p roportion as we find this sense ofthe sacredness of iunianity characterize the Criminal Code of any country , may we calculate its progress towards the ideal of associative existence . In the earlier stages of society , and at this moment , in - semi-barbarous countries , the sword or the hangman are the " rough and ready" instruments which cut the Gordian knot of all difficulties . " Off with

      Ms head ! " is a summary , and , in its way , a most effectual reply to all rebellious doublings or "risings " against "thepowers that be . " The policy saves a world of arguments , which , if called for , might , like Glendower ' s " spiritsfrom the vasty deep , " not come when wanted . The gradations from this stage to that in which higher and sounder principles of jurisprudence are recognised and acted on are numerous . How iar has Great Britain advanced—what is its present position withreferenceto thiavital question ? The answer will enable us to judge of the moral progress of the nation , as our former essays have of the political , economical , and educational .

      Up to a comparatively recent period the laws of England , with reference to crime , were of the most sanguinary character . They seem to have been based on the declaration of flic celebrated Draco , who said that " the lightest crime was deserving of death , and he could not find any worse punishment for the greatest . " In fact , retribution , or vindictive punishment , not thc reformation of the offender , seemed to be the main object of the legislator ; and this begot a reckless disregard of life on all hands , the reaction of which was of the most injurious description .

      Great and important changes have , however , been made in our criminal law duringthe last thirtyyears . Jake other improvements , they have not been achieved without numerous and continuous struggles on thc part of the advocates of humane and enlightened principles j but since ihe year 1808 , in which thelate Sir Samuel RoniUly brought forwarding first motion for the reform ofthe criminal laws , there has been a gradual advance . In that year a law was

      repealed , by which the common pickpocket—the man who filehedfive shillings from his neighbour ' s pocket was doomed to be hanged . Till the year 1 S 12 a law existed , which made it a , capital offence for soldiers and sailors to be found begging in the streets , and it cost Sir Samuel ten years of effort to abolish copiial punishment for the crime of shoplifting , notwith standing he showed that in r < S 5 there were ninetyseven executions for this offence in London alone .

      Tothepersevering and benevolent efforts of Roinilly , Mackintosh , and others , the late Lords EUenborougli and Eldon , backed by their party , offered the most bigotted and determined opposition , because "they introduced an innovating spirit into the criminal ' ^~^ sIation . ' They instinctively felt that the slightest + bJ 3 "innovating spirit" would impregnate "is , and speedily destroy the gigantic hed and injustice they desired to maint maintained them . In the year 1811 , were introduced for the abolition of neat for stealing to the value of five iop—for stealing to the value of forty

      dwelling-house , or on navigable rivers coaling from bleaching grounds , Lord isaid— "these bills went to alter laws itury had proved necessary , and which j be overturned by speculation and modern / . " And again— "he trusted that laws century had proved beneficial , would not be for theillusory opinions of speculatists . " Lord said— " Hang them , hang them ; for it is so nominated in the bond . " Christian bishops supported the same views ; and the bills were consequentl y lost . It was not until fifteen years afterwards that the punishment of death was abolished in these cases , by

      MDs introduced by the present Prime Minister Indeed , the conduct of Sir Robert Peel oh this , as on many other questions , may be taken as a tolerably accurate barometer of the growth of public opinion . In the year 1819 , Sir J . Mackintosh , after thc death of his friend Bomilly , moved the appointment of a committee " to consider so much of the criminal law as related to capital punishments , and to report their observations and opinions to the house . ' The previous exertions of himself and friends had so far gained the ascendancy over thc narrow and cruel opposition of the Eldons and Ellenboroughs , that the motion was affirmed by

      a majority of 19 in a house of 275 members—too small for practical purposes , but large enough to show the wary Peel " which way the wind blew . " Accordingly , in 1623 , he began hia career aa reformer of our criminal code ; and it has been evidently character istic of the man , that he has , at every step of his progress , to use one of his own expressions , "cautiously felt his way . " He commenced by abolishing the punishment of death in cases where the offences were either obsolete , or where the juries had so nnequivocally shown their determination to resist the severity of the laws by returning verdicts of acquittal , that milder enactments were a

      matter of absolute necessity to prevent the commission of crime with impunity . He has pursued the same course ever since ; at all times waiting till tho public voice was so well and unniistakeably matured aa each particular reform , that there was no danger of risking the support of his party by stepping forward to do its bidding . In three cases only does the punishment of deathnow remain on the statute-book . One by one the sanguinary edicts of past times have been swept away . Experience proves they have been 80 beneficially ; and that , so far from thc relaxation of our criminal code stimulating to the commission of offences , thc contrary has been the case . There are

      infinitely fewer forgeries committed now , than when it was a capital offence ; and when it was customary before breakfast to hang some dozen or sixteen poor wretches in front ofthe Old Bailey , for forgeries on the Bank of England . These wholesale murders are now numbered with the nose-slitting , ear-iutting , hand-chopping , and pillorying of tho days of " Good Queen Bess ; " and we should as soon think of returning to them as to the practice which also obtained in the times of that famous " "Virgin Queen , " of exposing human heads , and quarters of human bodies , to fester and rot above city gates , and by our public walks , as "terrors to evil-doers . "

      The inefficacy of such means to restrain from the commission of crime , and thc fact that the multiplication of executions has generally been found coordinate with thc multiplication of the crimes for which this penalty was inflicted , is well shown by Sir Edward Coke , when writing ofthe times to which we have alluded , and during which it is quaintly said , ' •' Rogues were trussed ! up apace , " so that there was not " one year commonly wherein three or / our hundred of them were not devoured and eaten up by the gallows in one place or another . " The total number of victims during Elizabeth ' s reign was not less than

      19 , 000—yetitis observed , " That at the time of domg execution on such ashad been attainted of any murder , felony , or other criminal cause , ordained chiefly for example and terror to cvilrdoere , people persevered is their rswxiocs siEiGHTS am > devices . " This ancient testimony is corroborated by the modern evidence of Mr . Gibbon Wakefield . " Wluar I entered Newgate , " says he , writing on the basis of an expc rience of several years within its walls , and summing up an elaborate argument on tins very point— " I had not a doubt of thc efficacy of public executions as deterring from crime . By degrees I came firml y to believe just the very contrary . "

      The general experience of society confirms this statement . At thc present moment the office of Jack Ketch is almost a sinecure . Tet , when were life or property better protected or more secure ? It is not only in the matter of capital punishments that a more humane and enlightened spirit is observable . It extends to secondary punishments also . The savage lex talionis , tlie law of retaliation , which Constituted the princip le of all early codes , has

      theoretically , at least , been abandoned . Eventhcmore modern justification of punishments for the commission of crime—that of , by its means , deterring others , and preventing , through the medium of example , the spre » l of criminality among the population—is gradually waningin its influence . The idea of puntihmtnt is giving way to that of reformation . The offender against thelawsand well-being of society is regarded in tlieli « btofafeUow-CTeatnrewhohasgonewron 2 undcr

      Past And Pre Set Aspect Op The , ; .,: C...

      strong temptations , but who may nevertheless be reclaimed by being subjected to better moral influences . Hence , the institution of a reformatory hospital for adult criminals , at Pentonville ; and for juvenile offenders at Parkhurst , Isle of Wight , by the Government ; for in that light do we regard both of these establishments . We rejoice in their formation , as proofs of the introduction of truly Christian principles into our legislation , and as heralding the advent of thathappy period when the principle of love , the grand and distinguishing doctrine of Christ ' s Gospel , will supersede in human institutions tho principle of fear , on which they have in all past ages been based . Concurrent with this manifestation of an improved moral feeling in our jurisprudence , may be noted the appearance of symptoms of a more kindly feeling

      among the different sections of the community . No doubt they are yet too much estranged from each other , and , so long as they occupy their present relative positions , must continue to be so . But if we look from the strife of contending parties to the great mass who take no part in such struggles , wc think we perceive evidences of an extending sympathy and good will . Every party is less virulent than it used to be . It is—as it ought to be , if honest—as bold as ever in defending its own position and views ; but it is less disposed to attack , criminate , and abuse its opponents . On many points the two extreme political parties of the nation hunt in couples—and that , too , without the slightest surrender of independence or the least admittance of compromise on either side . When W . Ferrand and T . S . Dtocombe walk out

      into the lobby together , on a "Short-time" or "Poor-Law" question , they show not that either they or the parties they represent have abandoned any peculiarity or doctrine of their respective political creeds ; but that they are agreed on measures as essential to the welfare of the industrious classes . This brief sketch of the prominent moral phenomena ofthe present epoch must suffice . Yoio tg Exalasd .

      Cwre^Oihrenw

      Cwre ^ oiHrenw

      Buncombe And Trades' Onions. The Followi...

      BUNCOMBE AND TRADES' ONIONS . The following correspondence between Mr . Drury , secretary of the Trades of Sheffield , and T . S . Buncombe * Esq ., will , we feel assured , be read with heartfelt delight by every man who lives upon labour . Sheffield , Dec . 19 , 18 W . Respected Sib , —Bvery-day occurrences convince me that the cause of labour has arrived at a crisis , when it Requires a most vigorous course of action to be pursued by all those who feel interested in Lato » - ' s emancipation ; this has been the impression on my mind ever since I received your kind note in answer to that of mine , wliich accompanied the reply to lord Pitzwilliam ; from the tenor of that note , " it appears that you apprehend another insidious attach upon Trades Unions , and 1 am confident that tbe working classes generally feel themselves under great obligations to you , sir , for having given them

      timely warning . As the trades of Sheffield ( in common with the working classes of the country ) regard you as the veritable representative of the working millions , I feel emboldened on their "behalf , to request your opinion and advice on the following subjects : —First , I have long been of opinion ( and every day ' s experience serves but to strengthen it ) , that it is essentially necessary that tbere should be a thorough organization and consolidation of the various trades of this country , and that to effect so desirable an object , they should meet by delegation at a conference to he holden in London , when the wise and the virtuous from the various classes of wealth-producers , might be enabled to devise , aud perfect , a plan for the more effectual protection ofthe working classes from oppression and persecution , whether , emanating from the Legislature , orfromeaptiaUsls , with , whom they are more munediately and individually connected .

      Secondly . It is with feelings of the greatest pleasure that I have seen it suggested that a demonstration should take place in London , to escort you to the House of Commons on the same day on which her Majesty opens the Parliament . This , 1 conceive , is well . calculated to arouse the working classes to increased exertions in defence of their rights , and will at once call forth the masses to rally round you , their champion , and inspire them with a confidence to battle by your side , in such a manner as

      no other movement can at present effect . It will congregate delegates from all parts of the country , hearing testimony of the respect entertained , and thc confidence reposed in you , and , at the same time would teach this moral lesson to those whoare enemies to Labour ' s rightsthat the producers of aU wealth , a ' refvUy alire to any attempt that may be made to prostrate Labour stm further at ( he shrine of capital . That demonstration , sir , you must aHow to go forward , as it is eminently calcttlated to produce morally a great amount of good .

      Thirdly . I have seen by the public prints that you intend originating a motion for the Repeal of the " ratepaying clauses in the Reform Act . " As I believe that the efforts of hon . members to effect any measure of reform may be greatly assisted by the support which they receive out of doors , I wish to know if numerous petitions in favour of that object vjUI not' be advisable ? In short , as it is necessary to strengthen your hands on various questions that may arise , in which the rights of Labour are concerned , I would wish to know how it can he most effectually accomplished . I have the honour to remain , on behalf of tho Trades of Sheffield , with the greatest respect , Your obliged and grateful servant , John Dbobt . To T . S . Dun . c « mbe , Esq ., M . P . The Albany , Dec . 23 , 1844 .

      Deab Sib , —I am much pleased if any information that I can afford to the working classes should lead them seriously to reflect upon their true position ; for you may rest assured ' , that thought in ( he right direction , and acted npon wisely , is all that the Trades and industrious classes require , to obtain for them not only political emancipation , but some of those practical remedies wliich the men of Sheffield have so sagaciously adopted;—I allude principally to their plan of restriction , to which my attention was more immediately directed during the discussions of last session upon the "Factory" and "Masters and Servants" Hills . If my former note , in which I an nouneed to you . the probability of a similar attack upon Labour being made next session , shall have forewarned the

      Trades and working classes , by stimulating them to such means as through union may make their opposition irresistible , I sliall consider myself amply repaid . I think we may draw some conclusions as to the tactics likely to he pursued in Parliament by the representatives of wealth from certain speeches , letters , and publications that have recently appeared , and which leave little doubt in my mind no time should be lost by the working classes to prepare for a bold and vigorous stand . I fear you over-rate my powers of resistance—I am only strong when I represent the organised strength of your order ; and from my limited knowledge of the machinery by which Trades Unions are managed , I cannot venture to give you an opinion that should carry

      weight with it , upon the subject of an improved organization and consolidation of our various national trades , but if such an object is required , I know of no course ( excluded as the working classes are from the Parliamentary franchise ) better calculated to give effect to that object than that which yon suggest , viz ., that the wise and virtuous from aU parts of the empire should meet by delegation at a conference in London , where , co-operating with the metropolitan trades , they shall endeavour to devise such means as shall not only obtain protection to the sons of toil from that oppression and persecution of which they have so long-and so justly complained , but shall also tend to disabuse the public mind of those prejudices , which I regret to see are now so industriously encouraged against every combination hut that of capital and of power .

      As to the time when this conference should be held I should recommend about Easter , as by that time all ministerial measures , whether affecting trade , commerce , or labour , either will or ought to be before the country , and it could not then be said that it was either premature to discuss them , or too late to resist them . As to tlie contemplated demonstration on the opening of Parliament , I know nothing of it beyond rumour , and what'I read in the public prints ; but if it is solely intended as a compliment to myself , and a mere parading through tlie streets , npon the same day as the Queen , -without any definite Object or possible benefit to the working classes , I beg- to say that , as far as I am concerned , I will be no party to it , and no man shall leave his employ , or lose his day ' s wage , on my account .

      I am rejoiced to find that yon attach some importance to my intended motion for tha repeal of the rate-paying clauses , and I certainly think that petitions , numerously signed , and presented by the members representing the localities from which they emanate , will have a most beneficial effect , for I have yet to learn why borough electors— - men whom I have always found , if not superior , at all events equal in intelligence and education to county electors—should he compelled to pay their taxes by a certain day as a condition of their registration , while the small freeholder , and the sen-He tenant-at-wiU of an aristocratic landed proprietor , is exempted from any such condition . I beg to conclude by assuring you that my untiring and unflinching advocacy of the rights of the industrious

      Buncombe And Trades' Onions. The Followi...

      classes shaU he continued , until , vrith their assistance , Labour , which is their property , shall be placed upon a perfect equality with the property of all . other' classes in the state . I have the honour to be , dear . sir , ' . , i Tours , very faithfully , Thomas S . Duncombe . To Mr . John Drury , Secretary to the Committee of the Central United Trades of Sheffield . ' . - ' ^ CHEAT EXCITEMENT IN EDINBURGH . —DR . HAflDTSIDE'S SYSTEM OF PAINFUL EXTINCTION . —THE MURDERERS OF THE POOH SHOWN UP .

      TO THE EDITOR OP THE NORTHERN STAB . Sib , —We , the undersigned , are requested by the committee ofthe working classes to send you a report of matters connected with the report of the commissioners for inquiring into the state of tlie poor of Scotland , a subject that is engrossing much public attention in Edinburgh . .. It is the more necessary for us to apply to you to make the British public , especially the . people of Scotland , . acquainted with what is going on , as one local press , with a partial exception , maintains a culpable silence on the matter , notwithstanding its vast importance . "!

      The origin ofthe inquiry now exciting so much interest here , and which through your aid we hope will soon extend over Scotland , was the appearance of a paragraph in tho Medical Times , published about six weeks ago , stating , that Dr . Handyside , of Edinburgh , had sworn before the commissioners that a man could be kept in food at tho rate of sixpence a-week , and that a man , his wife , and four children , could live on two shillings and Sixpence , and that they might live comfortably on three shillings or three shillings and sixpence .-This statement appeared so absurd that it was disbelieved , but on inquiry it turned out to be substantially correct ; and further , that the commissioners , eager to patch the lowest possible expense of . supporting thc poor , have , in their recommendation to Parliament , laid corisiderable stress on the Doctor ' s evidence .

      It behoves us , then , to rise in opposition to such a monstrous and iniquitous proposal ; for , in the event of its being allowed to pass unnoticed , it will , like a devastating pestilence , ' spread its baneful influence through tho lcnSth and breadth of the land ; for surely it foUows , if the poor of Scotland can live on sixpence a-week , it ' is legitimate to infer tlie same for the English poor . A number of working men called a public meeting of the inhabitants of Edinburgh , to adopt such measures as the interests ofthe people demanded in reference to this matter . The meeting was held in Richmond-court Chapel , and although the evening was very wet , and the Chapel somewhat out ofthe way , yet it was a crowded house . The evidence of Dr . Handyside was read , and after addresses by Messrs . Brown , Baker , Peddie , Cummings , and others , who were listened to with profound attention , resolutions condemnatory thereof were moved and unanimously carried .

      A memorial to tho House of Commons , cautioning them against paying attention to such evidence in forming a legal provision for the poor , was also unanimously carried . A numerous and respectable committee was also elected to watch the question , and they were , by the meeting , instructed to . procure a full copy of the Commissioners ' Report , and to call another , meeting to consider . what further steps might be necessary .. In pursuance of their instructions , as soon as the report was obtained , they called a public meeting , which was held in the South Bridge Hall , on Tuesday , December 24 th . Immediately on the doors being opened the hall was crowded to suffocation , and such was the interest excited , that , had the hall been four times as large , it would have been filled .

      Mr . Walker was caued to the chair , and opened the proceedings with a few pithy remarks . Mr . Peddie read the whole of the evidence of Dr . Handyside , and commented upon it with weU-merited severity . This man ' s sworn testimony produced a feeling of abhorrence in the , meeting seldom witnessed in this city ; which may easily be conceived when we tell you that the Doctor swears that nearly all the diseases , especially typhus fever , and many ofthe deaths , might he attributed to tlie destitution ofthe people . Nay , that he himself had witnessed many deaths from , starvation . Tet , with these awful facts before him , he recommends siXp & iit a-weili / or food ! After Dr . Handyside ' S , Mr . Peddie read the evidence of Mr . Wright , a shopkeeper , formerly a journeyman mason , the tenor of whose evidence proves that the relief given to our destitute poor is an insult to suffering humanity , and that

      numbers of them , to live , must become street-beggars , thieves , and prostitutes ; and further , that our managers of the poor descend to the most flagitious trickery , meanness , and deceit , to get rid of their claims ; for instance , he gave the case of a widow with three children , who applied for relief ; two of the children were above ten years of age , and so not admissible to the poor-house . They supposed this womanWould not come into the house , and leave her children , and although they had no accommodat ion for any more , they made her an offer of the house . This she refused for her children ' s shke , who , if separated from her , would have no friend or place of refuge , and be left to starve , or take to the most vicious habits . On the woman ' s refusal to part -with her children , our most Christian . managers refused , her all relief , thus leaving them to live or die , as chance might determine .

      The Commissioners , in the queries put to the witness , evidently wish to get up a strong case against Trades ' Unions ; and he swears that much of the stagnation of trade in Edinburgh , and destitution consequent on it , may bo traced to tho existence of Trades' Unions . This part of his evidence met with the most marked disapprobation . After Mr . Peddie finished his comments , Mr . Green read tho evidence of Mr . Aitken , coffee , house keeper , formerly . a ' journeyman tailor . This man ' s evidence was simUar to Mr . Wright ' s . Ho swears that Trades' Unions universally produce the worst consequences , to thc workingmen themselves , and that they were beginning to he convinced of this , and were dissolving their unions , and , amongst others , the Curriers' Union was " broken up . The reading of this statement called up Mr . 'Brogden , who stated that , so far from this being fact , he . was prepared to prove it a direct falsehood .. He had been a member of the Curriers' Union for eighteen years , and so far from its being dissolved , it is now in a very prosperous condition .

      The meeting considered the report so important , that they requested their committee to publish extracts from it in a cheap form , to place in the hands of the people wittumt delay . This will be done on the 1 st of January . The meeting then adjourned till that day fortnight . - On Monday , 23 rd of December , a public meeting was also held in the Cordwainers' Hal ) , Leitb , on the same subject . Mr . M'Rca in the chair . Tho meeting , which , was a most enthusiastic one , after listening , to Mr . Peddie from eight till half-past ten o ' clock , adjourned till that day week , when they will again meet to petition Parliament on the subject .

      As the importance of this report justifies its length , we trust you wiH give it insertion , so that the attention of the Scotch may lie directed lo the watching of any legislative measure that may be based on the evidence contained in this report , Robt . Peddie , James IfiSBET . Edinburgh , Dec . 29 , 1844 .

      To Patrick O'Higgins, Esq., Dublin. Dear...

      TO PATRICK O'HIGGINS , ESQ ., DUBLIN . Dear Sib , —I return you my sincere thanks for the candid truths contained in your letter to Mr . Webb , ' of Stockport . It is indeed disgusting to hear a man declaiming against Government , and complaining ' of want and oppression , " with a pipe stuck in his jaw . " I have been smoking tobacco since I was fourteen years of age ; and I assure you , sir , there was not a week since that period in which I have not paid from sixpence to ninepence for that infernal stinking weed ; but after reading your admirable and truly patriotic letter ( in . the presence

      of several other supporters of excise and oppression ) , I broke my dirty old sooty pipe in pieces ; for I grew ashamed of myself , and looked upon myself as a traitor to the sacred cause of Chartism , and a hypocrite , inasmuch as I contributed nothing to that cause—the cause of the oppressed millions in every region of the globe—while at the same time I was contributing unthinkingly to swell the coffers of those who enslave , plunder , and cheat us of our rights . Thank God , you have made a reformation in me , at any rate ; but , what is still better , hundreds have promised to follow my example by never using tobacco again in any shape or form , . *

      A vote of censure should be passed npon you for having remained silent for the long space of six months , when you can dp so much good by writing . There is not an honest man in the British empire who does , not feel delighted when he sees your name in the £ tar . It is a pity that you have been put . to so much expense by the promotion of a cause in which you have no interest , except that of humanity and philanthropy . You have the elective franchise already , and you go to great expense to put others o * a political footing with yourself who will not come forward to promote their own imme . diate interests . Wishing you a happy newyear , and that you may soon see the object nearest your heart accomplished—the complete triumph of Democracy in all its just rights , I am , vours respectfully , Ballyliaunes , Dec . 2 d , 18 U . John Lowest .

      Bradfom> Election!—Notice—Five Pounds Re...

      Bradfom > Election!—Notice—Five Pounds Rewauo . —Rumours are afloat that Mr . John Hardy , Tory M . P . for this borough , is . seriously indisposed j and that he intends applying for the Cbiltem Hundreds . The various electioneering staffs are in motion . Several candidates are spoken of—Wilberforce ; Rand , and Col . Thompson .. The first a Tory , the second a Tory and Freetrader , and "Old Betty" a philosophical Whig-Radical Chartist Free-trader . This is a queer squad to choose from . . Five pounds reward for any sterling John Bull Duncombeite , to be " ready to start" on the 4 th of February ' . A preliminary meeting , to choose a non-electors' committee , will be held at Butterworth ' s Buildings , on Sunday evening next , at six o ' clock .

      Holloway ' s Oistsiest and Pills . —James Little , a blacksmith , residing at Cuckold ' s : Point , in May last , was going to Guy ^ s Hospital , to undergo the amputation of his leg , which had been bad lor seven years ; there were upwards , of twenty ulcers on it , . and mortification had commenced just under the knee . In this alarming state he was recommended to use Holloway ' s Pills and Ointment , wliich in a very short time cured tho limb , to the great astonishment of all . If the two medicines arc used together , tho most dangerous wounds and ulcers may , to a certainty , be cured by their means .

      \ F V'Wanc»* 'Dtofcittheiitff*

      \ v'Wanc »* 'dtofcittheiitff *

      ' , " . ' . ' .To; .The Trades Of Englan...

      ' , " . ' . ' . TO ; . THE TRADES OF ENGLAND . ' { Organize' ! ' Organize I ! ¦• ' Organize ! ! . ' ¦ To , tie : contemplative mind , the events of the pro ; sent time are fraught with instruction . They speak in language that cannot be understood ; and proclaim " trumpet tonguedj" that the battle betwixt labour arid ' capital has commenced in earnest ; The Messrs . Chambers ^ tract is the precursor of that onslaught which capital is about to make on prostrate labour ; It is looked upon in this light by the conductors of the "Northern Star , " who nobly sound the alarm from John O'Groat ' s to the Land ' s End , and it will be well if the warning be properly attended to by the Trades of the country . The enemy is already in the field ; and it behoves the Trades of England to perfect their organization without delay . There is no time to be lost ; for even whilst the Trades ! , are perusing this , the battlers raging in deadly strife in

      various parts of the country . The'present crisis is one bf vital import to the Trades , as the following facts will show . The struggle is not one sought bv the working men , They have not struck work for advances on their present wages , nor to prevent present reduction . ' No ! onslaught is the masters '; and the men arc obliged to acton the defensive , or become worse much worse "than Russian serfs . Tlie capitalists , having failed to cany Ladour ' s Degradation-Em , ! , last Session of 'Pai-liiamoht , aro detonninod , if possible , to crush everytliing like Trades' Unions ; and whatl they coidd not accomplish by legislation , they are determined to achieve by the power of that weattb : which they have extracted from the sweat and toil ' of those who they now wish to trample tinder their feet . In order to do this effectually , they are

      determined to employ no men that belong to the Trades' Unions , nor even sick clubs , 'if they arc connected . with the ' Trades ;' and in order to gain then " point , they havej in many instances , turned the men of several Trades out of employ because they would hot sign a declaration to that effect . The Manchester Dyers were turned out by the masters the week before last , and upwards of seven hundred meii are now walking the' streets . They have posted the town '' with . large p lacards , stating that in 1843 the masters reduced their wages two shillings per week , from twenty-one to nineteen sliillings , at which time the masters stated that when trade revived they would advance the two shillings back . A few weeks ago they reminded the ' masters of their promise , when eleven of them ' gave them the two

      shillinp , but tho others would not , The consequence was that the two shillings were taken off when they had received tho advance for one month . Week before last the' document was presented to them to sign . This , of course , the men refused to do ; and they are now out , determined to starve rather than siifier tyranny to ride rough-shod over them . ' The Moulders of Liverpool have also been turned out because they would not give up their Union , and break up a Sick and Burial Glub wliich they had in connection with their trade . -The iron masters of Manchester have , in some of tho largest shops , given their men notice that they must cither quit the Union or leave their employment . We have much pleasure in saying , that out of the six Mechanical Trades in this town , in the aggregate a very numerous

      body , the masters have not got one to sign the declaration . At one firm the master sent for tho men , and informed them ; that after their notice was up ; they must either leave the Union or leave their work . They answered that they required no notice , under the circumstances : they could leave then if ho thought proper . He then sent for his nephew , who is the foreman , and asked , '' If tho men left , would ho remain and instruct those that he might get ? " To this the man replied : " I would « ee you d—d first ;" At another very large - establishment , the master called the men together , and after a good deal'of humming and hawing said , that if they , did not sign the declaration ' they would have to stop work at the week's end : and ho thought to stop the works for a week , whether they signed or not , in order to repair the boilers and

      the engine . One oi the men asked—Were they to understand that if they did not leave the Union that they were to leave work on Saturday night ? Tho master said " yes ; that was what he wished them to understand . " "Then , " said the man , '' . you will have to mend tho boilers and engine yourself , for we will not do it for you-: and then you will see how you like ' working . " A number of tho Coal-Kings in the neighbourhood of Wigan have also given their , men notice , that at the end of fourteen days they must either leave the Miners' Association or . leave their employment . Thus the Trades will see the necessity of at once casting away their culpable apathy , and at once get the organization complete . They may rest assured that this is but the beginning of the ond . Thenext summer will either place the Trades of England in a proud and honourable position ; or destroy that independence they hare so Jong made their boast . Let them rally round each other , and form such an union

      of Trades , on a national scale ,, as will frustrate every attempt of unprincipled capitalists to . trample on the rights of tho industrious producers . —Jfoncto & r Correspondent . P . S . We have just received the information from a source that may bo relied on , that the firmness of the men in refusing to sign the masters ' declaration , and the knowledge that tho whole of the six Trades were united ; together , has made the masters withdraw their notices , and tell their men to take no notice of them , but go on as usual . If proof waswantingof the necessity of general union amongst tho Trades , this circumstance is sufficient to convince the most sceptical . Had the six Iron , Trades not been united mono body , the masters would have taken them , a trade at a time . and if they had not beaten thcin , they would have caused the spending of avast amount of money , and entailed a serious amount of suffering and deprivation . This fact is worth something ; therefore , let the Trades look to it .

      MINERS , BEWARE . ' . MORE COAL-KING TTRANST . Messrs . Daglish , Blundell , anda few other of the coal proprietors of Wigan and Pemberton , have made proposals to the men in their employ to sign a document , binding them hot to leave the pits until they liave earned four shillings aa » remuneration for the labour of thc day . K ow this might be well enough . 'if these gentlemen paid ' suchprices for the work performed as would enable the men to earn anything like the above amount : but " no , " say they , " we will not give ' you any advance on your present prices ; . but wc insist on your not leaving the pits till you can legally demand from us four shillings for your day ! s labour . You will now perceive who iare your best friends ; the fellows who

      perambulate the country , denouncing what they please to call "Coal-KingTyranny , " or ^ ve , whoso interests are bound up in yours , and who , as a proof , offer you tho chance of making yourselves and your families comfortable , by insisting that yon shall not get less than four shillings per day . . . : This is a precious " dodge , " when it is known that the wen , at present prices , must at the least work ten hours for two shillings and sixpence ! But the coal-kings see that the strength of the Miners consists in their determination to restrict their hours of labour , and thereby keep the supply andthedemand somewhateqnal . This plan has . succeeded wherever it has been acted on ; and the masters know full well that unless they ; can put a stop to it , the day of the Miners' redemption is at liand . Therefore they have given notice that theymust earn

      four shillings a-day clean ; and that om-third of the men must be discharged to give the other two-thirds an opportunity of working from twelve to fourteen hours a-day , and the engine be able to wind their coals to the bank . We trust that , the Lancashire Miners will be cautious how they proceed , and let no step bo taken that would in any way weaken their present position . Let all eyes been the coal tyrants of the Pemberton district ; for if they be allowed to cany out this attempt , it will be a vital blow to . the Miners' Association . Let them break up the system of restriction , and away goes the strength of the Union . We are aware that the men in Lancashire have asked of their employers to give some little ad-Vance , which in a great number of instances has been complied with : wo are also aware that the

      masters have advanced the coals one ; shilling and eightpence per ton to the consumers ,. whilst the men only ask for an advance of twopence-halfpenny a ton ! In fact ; the coakwncrs have advanced the price of coal in the Manchester market ; three shillings and fourpence per ton ; and if the poor Miners had all they ask for , it would but amount to fivepence per ton ! leaving the coal-king two shillings and elevenpence more profit than they received last year . The advance on forty tuba of the best coal in the Oldham district , within the last twelvemonths , is no less a sum than ten shillings . The Working Miners have had no advance out of that , they being paid the same as they were twelve months ago . And a Miner gets for his labour in producing forty tubs the splendid sum of four shillings and fivepence ! out of which he

      has to find candles , powder , and tools . The public will now see that the coal-king is putting into his pocket five shillings and sevenpence on every forty tubs that he sells . It may now be seen who are '' exorbitant in their demands ; " the coal-kings , who have so many apologists in the Press , or the Miner that has but one paper , the Northern Star , to defend bun from his calumniators . This one fact will be sufficient to open the eyes of the public , and let them see who it is that is "taxing them . " We caution the Lancashire Miners to beware what they are about at the present moment . On no account strike until the Pemberton men have got out ofthe struggle . There

      can be no doubt that wages are important to the working man ; but it is more important to defend that which alone will enable them to get wages , the restriction . Let tlie Lancashire Miners look to this , and avoid strikes . ' , and the victory is certain . Soon will they have , what every working man ought to have , " a fair day ' s wage , for . a fair day ' s work . " Again we say to the Laneasltive Miners , rally round thc Miners of Pemberton . Let old Sam Sharnot and Jackcy Douglass know , that although they have been considered the greatest tyrants in Wigan for the last twenty years , with all their chicanery , the Miners of Lancashire are more than a match for them . —Manchester Correspondent .

      ' , " . ' . ' .To; .The Trades Of Englan...

      ¦ -. •¦ . i ¦! : (; ,- ; : : ., ; . v : -: i . < - - -. ; u . ; '! : ;¦• ; . -: " ' i Tub Leicester Framework-knitters AnDKESS . — TO'inE IN 1 IAB 1 TAST 8 ( 0 F THE rToww axd Cota . or Leicester . —The Frameu'orkfkiiitters , of the town aud county beg to inform you , that' , they ^ have , for " a long time been in a most depressed condition , . arising from the heavy deductions made by the manufactu , rers and middlemen from their wages , in " the _ shape of frame-rent , standing , , taking-hi , profits for giving out , andper centage . lbr . being . employed , to the amount of nearly 170 per cent ., on our gross earnings . In addition to the above , ' the Framework-knitters have to purchase needles , candles , coal , winding , & c , & c . ; so that when men are ill ,- oronly partly : employed , they have nearly all their real wages deducted , as they have to pay the same on all occasions , with the

      exception of a few better disposed masters . Men and women have been driven to the parish for relief , to eke out amiscrable existence , in consequence of these severe stoppages on their labour . About the year , 1835 , our wages were much higher aud charges much lower . Masters then could live comfortably , and men the same . Now , . masters can accumulate riches , while the men , the .. first . week of ' si depression in trade , are 'driven to the rate-payers for support . To alter this dreadful state , of things , the poor men have resolved , ' with your assistance , to bring their case before her Majesty ' s Justices of the" Court of Queen ' s Bench , to try whether it is lawful to make these deductions . Several , respectable attorneys hold an opinion that it is illegal . Counsel ' s opinion has been taken , who state that it is contrary to law ;

      and should their opinion be established in tlie Court of Queen ' s Bench , the present system must be altered . Gentlemen , we ask you , as men , and as christians , whether it is right and just for the Stocking-maker to have . all these deductions made , any more than the journeyman printer , who uses his waster ' s type / cases ,, galleysj . press & e . ? Or the man who works in the lace machine ? Or other machinery ? Or the ihan who works his master ' s ploughs , harrows , thrashing and winnowing machines , or any implement ? . In bringing this case before you , we do not suppose that men ought to purchase machines and receive no interest for the capital embarked : but wc do , think . it reasonable , and just that a sufficient profit should be laid on tlie articles manufactured to pay for , the wear and tear of machinery , die . The alteration would , be highly beneficial to the meii and rate-payers in general , if

      the manufacturers would act any way honest to the men . It would do away with a vast' deal of that unprincipled competition carried on by bagmen and others , to the injury ofthe honest manufacturer , and the workmen . For instance , a manufacturer having fifty or one . hundred frames under his ' own roof , receiving from 3 s . to' 4 s . Od . per week from each frame , in addition to the regular middlemen ' s profits , can , and does go into the market with lus goods considerably below the manufacturer who only receives one bare Is . Cd . per week ; and such is the case . Manufacturers have found , when they have gone into the market ,, these very bag hosiers underselling them , and ' they will and can do it until the system is entirely swept away . Signed , on behalf of the Committee , Joseph Johnson , Chairman . Thomas Winters , Secretary . —Committee-Room , Upper George-street ' Leicester , October 30 th , 1844 . '

      Misers ' . Meeting ix Yorkshire . —Mr . Septimus Davis has visited the followingplaces : — -Monday night , Dec . 10 , Gildersamc-street . After the lecture thc rules ofthe Miners' Mutual Benefit Society were read to the meeting . The union la going on well at this place . —Tuesday night , 17 th , Adwalton ; the cause of union is going on well at this place also . —Wednesday , 18 th , Cargate , near Wakefield .. It is disgraceful to the men of tliis place , that since they have got an . advance , they have given , up paying . to the union . But we are . informed that tlie coal-king is going to put the riddles into the pit again—perhaps this will bring them to their senses . —Thursday night , 19 th , Crigelstone . —Monday night , Dec . 23 rd , Birchenclifle , near Huddersfield . Therb are some stanch union mon at this place . —Tuesday night , 24 th , Ossct-strcet Side . The men of this nlace arc paving

      a shilling a week to raise a fund . It would be well if all the men in Yorkshire who have got an advance of wages would follow their example . —Wednesday , 23 th , Christmas Day . The Colliers of Gildcrsome had a . grand dinner at the house of Mr . John Smith , GiMersome-street Side , when between seventy and eighty of the , hardysons of toil sat down to a good dinner of beef and pudding . Dinner over , a meeting was held , when Mr . Davis delivered a lengthy discourse on the benefits of union . A lengthy discussion followed regarding , the Miners' Mutual ' Benefit Society , when it was resolved that the Miners of Gildcrsome commence a fund , exclusively for accidents in the mines . A little before eight o ' clock , p . m ., thc meeting separated highly pleased with the proceedings of the day . —Thursday night , 26 th , Mr . Davis lectured to themen at Adwalton . —Saturday night , 28 th , Mr . Davis again lectured at Osset-street .

      NoKrnAMProjr . —Root and Shoe Makers' Mutual Assistance Association . —At the . last meeting of this ' body the Mowing resolution was proposed , seconded , and carried unanimously : "That the journeymen Boot and Shoe Makers of . Bradford are entitled to our best support , for the part they have taken in -their present struggle against a reduction of wages . And we pledge ourselves to continue that support until they have achieved their just objects . " . Tub Oidham . Miners . —At a meeting of tho Coal Minora of Oldham , held on Tuesday , the 24 th inst ., at the Old Messhouse , Oldham , the following resolution was agreed to : — " That the statements already given in are right and just ; and wo pledge ourselves to stand by them ; and wc trust that the Colliers of the county will hot be duped by the falsehoods of the masters . " The men here are standing out for their just rights . They return their sincere - thanks for the kind support the Mo wins : places have rendered

      them—viz .: Gathered , per Richard Siddall , 10 s . 7 Jd . ; Downing , 10 s . 2 Jd . ; Mr . Garnet ' s men , Is . ; Bailey and Co ., Lees , 4 s . lid . ; Copperas House Pit , £ 3 3 s . ; Ireland Pit , £ 1 3 s . Cd . ; Home Pit , £ 2 0 s . 3 d . ; HighUrampton , Gs . 10 Jd . ; Groaves Factory , Ts . Sid . '; George Hirst , Fitton Hill , 5 s . ; John ' Robinson , Bull ' s-head , 2 s . Gd . ; George Knight , Three ( / rowns , 2 s . ; Modern Druids , No . 201 , Bull ' s-head , 3 s . 3 d . ; Spence ' s spinners , 5 s . ' ; Two Friends , Bull ' shead , 2 s . Id . ; A Few Friends of Bottoni-of-Moor and its Neighbourhood , £ J Is . Cd . ; Park Bridge Forge , 14 s . OJd . ; Broad Oak New Mine , 16 men , 16 s . ; Rochdale District , ' £ 313 s . Id . ; Hole Bottom Colliery , 19 s . ; A Few Friends , Is . lid . ; Broad Oak , New Pit , and Black Mine , 8 s . 3 d . ; Whittaker ' s Shade , 2 s . 2 d . ; Ditto Tobber , Cd . ; Edward Brierly , Is . ; Foundry Mill , 7 s . 8 d . ; Royton Foundry , 5 s . 6 d . ; Hart ' s .. Head , 2 s . Cd . ; Strange , Royton , Is . lOd . ; also the I . 0 . of A . D ., Gladwick , 7 s . ; Union Mill , 4 s . | 4 d . ; A Few Friends , 5 d . — Samuel Kitson , Treasurer ; Joshua Hirst , Secretary .- '

      ¦ A Miners : District Meeti . vo was held at tho Horse-Shoe Inn , near Bardsley , Ashton district , when the following resolutions were agreed to : —1 st . " That the demands of the Miners of Oldham are justifiable inasmuch as the masters have not advanced their wages . " 2 nd . " That we , the Miners of Ashton and Rochdale , pledge ourselveato support thc Miners of Oldham , as far as lies in our power , through their present struggle . " Bradfoko . —The Mechanics are on the alert concerning tho " clearance" proposition of the Lancashire masters , and are resolved not only to resist it , but assist their Lancashire brethren to the utmost . The Shoemakers' Strike continues without change , both parties being resolved to win . Tho sons of Crispin hold out as stout as lions . They have an excellent committee , composed of steady , clear-headed men and it is thought that tho struggle must , ere long , terminate in their favour .

      Tub Woolcomhers' Society has been inactive for the last few months , but as some of . thc manufacturers arc encroaching a '" lectle" too much , they are beginning to exert themsolves . Barnsley Weavebs . —Two men engaged ' by thc Union have this week -measured tho warping mills belonging to Mr . Frudd , one of which was six yards too long , and the other five and a half . However , he readily agreed to have them made right . Mr . George Smith was next visited ; but would not allow his mills to lie measured . In justice to the other masters it is to bo hoped that he will set his mills right , if not , steps will be taken to compel him . Mr . Benjamin Horsefield was next waited upon , who distinguished himself by that conduct which always characterises a p etty tyrant ; but ho may depend that he will not bo suffered to filch away the rights of a whole town with impunity . A branch lodge of the Union has been opened' at Dodworth , which is likely to do well . Weekly meetings will be held at the Chandlers' Anns .

      *Sattfcruut0, &C

      * Sattfcruut 0 , & c

      Bankrupts. (From Tuesday's Gazette. J Ge...

      BANKRUPTS . ( From Tuesday's Gazette . J George Bartlett , "Wellington-street , Goswoll-street , manufacturer of plaster ornaments— "William Ellis Gould , Finsbury-place South , City , caiTeftn-Prederick Dudley Rocliford , Essex , builder—John Tralpr ,. Market-street , May-fair , carpenter—Ralph EUkidge , llletchmgly , Surrey , innkeeper—Thomas William Burforcl , nryUges-strect , Covenfegarden , victualler—Emil y Sarah Ann Findlay , Grafton-street , Fitzvoj-square , lniuinev .

      declarations op dividends . J . Hilton , Tipton , leather-seller , second dividend of lid in' the pound , any Thursday , at tlie office of Mr . Christie , Birmingham . L . Flersheim , Birmingham , merchant , first dividend of Td in the pound , any Thursday , at the office of Mr . Christie , Birmingham . " ' J . Wicks , Trowbridge , clothier , first dividend of 2 d in the pound , any Wednesday , at the office of Mr . Acraman , Bristol . •'•¦' ¦ .. ¦ - . ' ! It . G . Roberts , Liverpool , timber-merchant , fourth ,. and final 'dividend of 3-16 ths of a Id in . the . pound , on new proofs Is 4 M and 14-lCtliS of id in the pound , any Monday ; at the office of Mr . Turner , Liverpool . . ¦ : J . andB . Sugden ; Huddersfield , fancy cloth manufacturers ' , first dividend of 10 s in the pound , any Tuesday , at the office of Mr . Feame , Leeds ..

      J . Harford and W . W . Davics , Bristol , iron-masters , second dividend of lOd in the pound ( No . 1 to 200 ) , Thursday next , and ( 200 to 401 ) Friday next , and any subsequent Wednesday , at the office of Mr , Hutton , Bristol . S . Hadfield , Manchester , file-manufacturer , first dividend of 10 s 7 d in the pound , any Tuesday , at tlie office of Mr . Stanway , Manchester .

      Bankrupts. (From Tuesday's Gazette. J Ge...

      - DIVIDENDS ; 11 ' ' ¦ ' •'" toj ' ,.. . - ; d . Tan . 21 , E . L .-Xarons , St . Jnmce ^ s-place , ' . Aldjinte , CU-. Oil-merchant— 'Jttw ; 17 jK . , R . fo-Br ^ ssey , I \ Ifarr , h-mI G . Lee , Lombard-street , City ,,,. Ua »^ ei ^^ -Jan . 21 , F . IIosldns . Bimiingham . wine-msrcuant ^ Jan . 21 , F . " Barry , llye , Sussex , -miller—Jan . 21 , R . " AVtSfield , Kini | street , Clieap ' sidc , City , hutton-manufactiirer ^ ' Jan . 21 , El Grahiim . 'Doverlstreet , Piccadilly , singing-master—Janu 22 , C . Mann , Bomford ,- Essex , hanker—Jan . 22 , T . Pearson , Liverpool-road , Islh > gt . on ,. buildor- ^ Jftn . 23 , E . Turmame , Canterbury , poi-tcr-inerchant—Jan . . 23 , J . V . Davis , Bromley , Kent , innkeeper—^ an . ' 23 , ' "JV . Read , King-itroet , Covent-garden , engraver—Jan . 23 , J . Stonebridge , TVivcnhoe , Essex , covn-mefchniit—Jan . 28 , L . Fennet ? Fenchurch-street , City , merchant—Jan . 23 , C . Robinson ,-High Holborn , tailor—Jan . 23 , W . Fenner , 'Fenchurch-street , Citvvmerchant-Jaa . A C . Terry , Shoe-lane , City , oufllniOVClllint—Jan . 28 , IV . Espivent , Coleipan-sti-eet-biulduigs , Citv merchant—Jan . 24 , R . Lang , Millbridge , Yorkshire , tallowJihandler-Jan . 23 , T . Eyre , Gainsborough , Lincoln shire , corn-mercliaiit-Jan . 21 , J . Metealf , Liverpool , grocer -Jan . 22 , H . Ward , Stafford , builder . ; i CERTIFICATES to BE , OBANTED , CN 1 K 88 CACHE BB SHOWN TO

      THE CONTBABT ON THE DAT OF MEETING . Jan . 22 , ' W . Scovell , jun ., Chilworth , Hampshire , brickmakor—Jan . , D . J . Mackenzie , Chambers-street , Minorics | provision-nievchant > -Jaii . 23 , H . Bragg , Jlontaguocloso , Southwark , bottle-niorehant—Jan . 21 , C . S . Harvey , George-street , Hanover-square , drcss-Uiaker—Jan . 21 , M . and li . Lee , Duke-street ,. 1 'ieciun'IIy , tailors—Jan .. , J . Dyson , Sheffield , scythe-manufacturer—Jan . 21 , B . Franklin , Liverpool , merchant —Jan . 21 , 6 . 'Winning , Dover-street , Piccadilly , upholsterer—Jan . 21 ; T . B . Andrew , Ashton-undcr-Lyne , tea-dealer —Jau . 21 , L . D ., II ., and G . F . Smith , Gutter-Jane , City , crapo-manufacturers .

      PABT . VEBSnirS dissolved . - .., J . KeUy and J . II . Law , Itolcombe-moor ,. Lancashire , coal-proprietors—C . Cauniug and B . Evans , Birmingham , iron merchants —J . Ii'cdale' and J . Oxley , Rothurham , Yorkshire , tanners—IV . Gresham and J . Lecto , attorneys —J . It . and . J . Hayward , Manchester ,-wholesale booksel lers—H . T . Wright and J , wYlSazalgetie , Great George street , Westminster , architects — R .- Watson , S . Droom , and A . Grumbold ,, Kidderminster , Worcestershire , woolstaplers ; as far as regards S . Broom—F . O'Brien , and J . Kevan , Liverpool , corn merchants—W . Fairbairn and J . Uethcrington , Manchester , machine-makers—W . "' and J . Fairbairn , Manchester , engineers—J . Gadd and H . Iluskisson . Nottingham , Iacc-inaiiufacturcrs—J . 1 'ickard , W .

      B . Earl aud 11 . Dickinson , Couside , Durham , brick-manu facturers ; as far as regards J . Fickard—H . Stoddnrt and J . Knight , Bolton , Lancashire , engineers—W . Caswell , J . Callow , and W . Caswell , jiin ., Paradise-row , Chelsea , builders— "W . Boutchcr , W . Mortimore , II . Bowden , ' aiul S . Linniiigton , Liverpool , liide-ngents—A . Spottiswoode and H . R . Yizctelly , newspaper proprietors—W . Jones -and A . llcatli , New-cross , Old Kent-road , omnibus proprietors—E . Ramsay and ' C .: Greenwood , Bruton-street , Hauovcrsquare , dress-makers—G . Walworth and T . Robinson , Congleton , Cheshire , silk-throwsters—W . and J . Yaughan , and E . Sheldon , Austin-friars , City , merchants ; as far as regards W . Yaughan—H . C . Kempson and T . S . Lea , Kidderininster , millers—J . Ainsworth and II . Ward ,: Blackburn , Lancashire , cotton-spinners .

      Market Intelligence

      MARKET INTELLIGENCE

      Losnox Cons Exceasoe, Monday, Dec. 30.—I...

      Losnox Cons Exceasoe , Monday , Dec . 30 . —ihe supply of all lunds of grain from our own coast aud Scotland was small during the past week , aud there were no arrivals from Ireland , whilst from abroad tho receipts consisted of a lew small parcels of linseed and rapeseed . At to-day ' s market there was a small show of . wheat by land carriage ; samples from tho home counties . Only moderate supplies of barley , beans , and peas , and a few cargoes ot Irish oats fresh up . The weather has for several days been very damp , and the samples of grain were consequently not in very good order , this morning . The demand for wheat was far from active , tho inferior condition rendering niillcrs unwilling to buy ; and in this position of affairs , some difficulty was experienced in making , sales at last Monday ' s quotations . The inqniry for free foreign wheat was likewise of . a retail character , but holders were very firm , and the little business done was at fully previous rates . . ; Flour

      moved off somewhat slowly , but neither town nor country manufactured was cheaper , parley excited little attention ; choice malting qualities were scarce and quite as dear , but the ordinary kinds were very unsaleable . The transactions in malt were on a restricted sale , and quotations remained precisely thc same as last week . Oats were held at rather enhanced terms , neither dealers nor consumers showed any disposition however to buy beyond what they required for immediate use , and business closed languidly . For beans the demand was rather sluggish , but former rates wero about supported , and the value of peas also remains much the same as on this day week . In bonded articles there was little or nothing passing . Clover seed continues to be held at too high price , ? to allow of much business being done . Canary seed met little attention to-day , and was rather easier to buy . Linseed and rapeseed supported tinner prices , aud there is no change to notice in other articles .

      CURRENT PRICES OF GRAIN , PER IMPERIAL . QUARTER . —British . s s s S Wheat , Essex , & Kent , new & old red 12 48 White 50 64 Norfolk and Lincoln . ... do 42 41 ! Ditto 48 58 , Noi'tbum , and Scotch white 41 45 Fine 46 50 -Irish red old 0 » Red 40 U Wldte 45 49 Ryo Old 33 3 » Kew S 3 3-t Krauk 30 38 Barley Grinding .. 27 29 Distil . 30 32 Jfalt . Jt 38 Malt Brown .... 54 50 Talc 58 63 ttare 34 65 Beans Ticks old & new 31 84 Harrow 33 38 Pigeon 3 R 42 l ' eas Grey 32 33 Maplo 33 35 White 30 40 Oats Lincolns & Yorkshire Feed 22 21 Poland 23 2 G . Scoteh Angus 23 ' 25 Potato 25 28 Irish White 21 23 Black 20 22 Per 2801 b . net . s s I Per 230 lb . net . s s Town-made Flour ... 43 45 Norfolk & , Stockton 33 34

      Esses and Kent 34 35 j Irish 34 35 Free . Bond , . Foreign . BBS Wheat , Dftntgie , Koiiigiburg , & c .,..,, fiU fib 80 35 Marks , Mecklenburg 48 51 34 35 Danish , Jfolstein , and Friesland red 45 47 SI 82 -Russian , Hard 45 46 Soft ... 45 47 31 32 Italian , Red . . 4 G 50 White . . . 50 52 84 3 G Spanish , Hard . 40 50 Soft .... 48 52 34 36 Kye , Baltic . Dried , ... 32 33 Uinlried . . 32 33 24 20 Bailey , Grinding . 27 2 !) Malting-. . . ' !;» 85 24 30 Beans , Ticks . . 32 34 Egyptian . « 2 3 t 2 ( 5 3 a Peas , White . . 30 33 Maple . . 34 35 28 32 Oats , Dutch , Brew and Thick 24 25 19 20 Russian feed , 20 21 14 1 G Danish , Friesland feed 20 22 14 1 ( 5 Flour , per barrel 2-5 28 23 24

      London Smithfield M ^ nnET , Monday , Dec . 30 . — As is almost invariably the case at this season ofthe year the supply of beasts brought forward here to-day waa but limited , and of very inferior quality . The attendance of both town and country buyers being small , the demand for all kinds of beef was in a veiy sluggish state , at a decline on hist week ' s quotations of 2 d . per 8 lb ., tlie highest figure realised for the few prime Scots offering not being more than 4 s . 2 d . per 81 b ., and : it which a clearance was not eflected . Since this day se ' nnight , the imports of foreign stock have been miserably small , in consequence of the severity of the weather in Holland ; and very few beastB _ or sheep arc ; expected for our market for some time hence . Tlio bullock droves fresh up from Lincolnshire , Leicestershire , and Northamptonshire , were composed

      of about . 800 sliort-horns . From Norfolk , Suffolk , Essex , and CambridgesMro , we received 400 Scots , & o . ;' from thc Western and Midland districts 000 Hercfords , Dcvons , ' runts , & c . ; from other parts of England , 400 of various breeds ; and from Scotland 1 S-5 horned and polled Scots . The numbers of sheep worn sufficiently numerous . The very primest old downs were in fair demand , at late rates ; but tho general trade was extremely dull , and it was with difficulty that last Monday ' s prices were supported , a clearance of tho supply not being effected . Notwithstanding the supply of calves was small , the inquiry for them was inactive , at about stationary prices . Upwards of 200 pigs were on sale from Ireland ; while the pork trade was in a sluggish state , at our quotations .

      By the quantities of 81 b ., sinking the offal . s . d . s . d Inferior coarse beasts . . . 28 2 10 Second quality . . . . SO 3 4 Prime large oxen .... 3 6 3 10 Prime Seots , & c 4 0 4 2 Coarse inferior sheep , . . 2 10 3 4 Second quaUty .... 3 G 3 8 Prime coarse woolled . ¦ . 3 10 i 0 Prime Southdown .... 4 2 4 4 Large coarse calves . . . . 3 4 4 0 Prime small . . . . . 4 2 4 4 Suckling calves each . . . 18 0 31 0 Largo hogs 3 0 3 6 Neat small porkers . . . 5 8 4 0 Quarter-old store pigs each . . 10 0 20 0

      HEAO OP CAT'fLB ON 9 AIE . ( Prom the Books of the Clerk of the Market . ) Beasts , 3003-Shcep , 24 , 510-Calve 3 ,-75—Pigs , 280 . Liverpool Cobx Market . —Monday , Dec . 30 . — The week ' s imports of grain , < fee ., are again of very . moderate amount . The , only change in the duties on foreign produce is an advance of Is . per quarter on barley , being now subject to an import of 4 s . per quarter . With tupj . interruption of thc holidays , the week ' s busuiess generally has : been more than usually limited , but for wheat we hare to quote

      previous rates as quite maintained ; new has been m scanty supply , and Cs . 9 d . to 7 s . per 70 lbs . obtained for the . best " Irish , red . Nc- change in the value of flour . The arrival of two or three , parcels of oats for last Friday ' s market , anda very low , demand , rendered them rather easier to purchase ; good mealing were to be bought at 3 s . 2 d . per 45 lbs . Oatmeal has met a tolerably fair demand ,, at 24 s . 9 d . io 25 s . Cd , per 240 lbs . for old and new . : There has been little passing in either barley , or beans , aud we hare to note previous rates as barely s ustained for either article . No alteration as respects peas . , .

      ' Manchester Cons MAiiKETl—Satutiday , Dec —The business transactions of the ' Week havp confined to the actual demand for cdnsuriiptif articles , * and no change in prices can b-There was but little passing ; in wheat at or this mbrningj and we repeat the quotation se nnight . Flour was in fair rcque *' effected' were without change fror rency . ' Iii the value of oats or • can be noted ; and ,, although article was but limited , ' pr scarcity to pay full prior Liverpool Cattle ' We have had a Iar , to-day than for somi dull sale at lower pri 5 Jd . to 8 d . Cattle it 23 rd to thc 30 th of : 2098 sheep , 3579 pigs .

  • Citation
    • Northern Star (1837-1852), Jan. 4, 1845, page 7, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse.ac.uk/periodicals/ns/issues/ns2_04011845/page/7/