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ggritumitt ana ftorttialtnw
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FIELD-GARDEN OPE RATIONS. For the Week c...
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Potatoe Cmno.-'When yon dig up your pota...
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LONDON. City Locaiitv.—Mr. Cooper's eigh...
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To the London Coudwainers.— Shopmate?,— ...
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ihe lianlvcrs receipt . uu given onon -u...
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Note: This text has been automatically extracted via Optical Character Recognition (OCR) software. The text has not been manually corrected and should not be relied on to be an accurate representation of the item.
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Ggritumitt Ana Ftorttialtnw
ggritumitt ana ftorttialtnw
B _____ TOE NORTHERN S'TAR . _______ __^ E 2 !^ - ± _ J ^
Field-Garden Ope Rations. For The Week C...
FIELD-GARDEN OPE RATIONS . For the Week commencing Monday , Oct . Dl / i , 1 S 43 . ( ExtractedfromaUiAKTofActiial Owrationsonfive small farms on the estates of the late Alrs . D . Gilbert , near Eastbourne , in Sussex ; and on several model farms on the estates ot the Earl of Dartmouth at SJaithwaitc , in Yorkshire , published hy Mr . Nowell , of larnley Tyas , near Huddersfield , in order to guide other possessois of lield gardens , by showing them what labours ought to be undertaken on their own lands . The farms selected as models am—First . Two school farms at Willingdon and Eastdean , of
five acres each , conducted by G . Cruttenden aud John Harris . Second . Two private farms , of live or sis acres : one wrorkc-d hy Jesse Piper , tllC Other by John Bumbrcll—the former at Eastdean , the latter at Jevington— -all of them within a few miles of Eastbourne . Third . An industrial school farm at Slaithwaitc . Fourth . Several private model farms near the same place . The consecutive operations in these reports will enable the curious reader to compare the climate and agricultural value of the south -with the north of England . The Duuvis aided by " .-Votes and Observations" from the pen of Mr . ftowell , calculated for the time and season , which we subjoin .
" It is a very pleasant sight to see children engaged in useful and healthy labour upon a spot of ground wliicli tliev can caU their own ; they slinll tic 3 ; ept apart from the vice and folly of the young men of the city . " KoiE . —The school farms are cultivated ly hoys , w / w in return for tlires hours' teaching in the morning give three hours of their labour in die afternoon for tite master ' s benefit , which render * . ifie scliools selfsrrponnso . 11 c Idicve dial at Famly Tuas sixseveutlis of the produce of the scl & ol farm will be assigned ta lite lout , ynd one-seventh to tlie master who veitt receive the uitivl schoul-fces , help the boys to cultivule tlicirland . end teach them , in addition to reading , vsriii » g , S : e ., to convert their prodtKi iillO Imon , lijatUuidhig to pig-keeping , uhich at Christinas may he divided , after , pamny rent and levy , amongit llitfii in proportion to their tcruiccs , and be j « 2 < fc tlius bidirecdy to reach their />« r « ito in a way tlie most gi ateful to their feelings . !
SVSoEX . IfosDAT— VTtttngdon School . Roys digging for winter tares . Eastdenn School . Sixteen boys digging up , and gathering potatoes . Piper . Turning dung heap , and emptying lank . Bumbrcll . Thrashing oats , sowing rye and tares . Teesdat—IfiBjiiytfoa School . Boys-thrashing two bushels Of Wlie . lt , to ? o to Yorkshire for seed . Eastdean & : hool . Doys digging , < fcc , for rye . Piper . Chalking the potatoe ground for wheat . Bumbrcll Harrowing ' , digging , thrashing oats . WEDSESDAT—WilHiigdon School . Wet weather , tying up straw in the barn . Eastdean School . Boys digging up stubble , manuring , and sowing winter tares . Pijjcr , Sowing rye . MmLnU . Thrashinsr
oats , trussing straw . TacitsDAv—WiUiugdon School . Roys diggiii " for winter tares . Eastdean . School . Emptying tank ! and piggery , gathering potatoe haulm . Piper : Digging wheat ground for tares , is very particular in taking Wit \ Tteds . Damlrell . Thrashing oats , trussing straw . -Fbiiut—Willingdon School . Roys digging for winter tares . Eastdean School . Roys carrying manure for wheat , inching out weeds . Piper . Sowing tares hy hand in the drills . BumbrclL TuvaswV oats , digging . SxrcitDAY —Willingdon School . Roys sowing winter tares . Eastdean School . Roys emptying portable pails , cowhouse tank , school cleaning . Piper . Sowing tares . Jjumhrdl . Winnowing oats .
COW-TEEUIXS . WUUngdon School . Cows feeding on white turnips , clover , and a little chuff . Piper ' s . Feeding as before . Bumlreli ' s . One cow stall-fed till Tuesday , with Italian rye grass , and cabbage . On Wednesday , with inaiigel wuvzel leaves , turnips , and oat chaff . Thursday , potatoes , turnips , mangel wurzel leaves , { rreen rye , oat chaff . Friday and Saturday , with Italian ryegrass , oat chaff . One cow and heifer , on Monday , stall-fed on white turnips and tares . Tuesday , staked out on the young clover , and fed morn and even with carrots , tares , and straw . Wednesday , stall-fed oa potatoes , turnips , carrots , and oat chaff . Thursday , staked out in clover , stall-fed with turnips , carrots , fares , oat chaff . Today and Saturday the same .
Potatoe Cmno.-'When Yon Dig Up Your Pota...
Potatoe Cmno .- 'When yon dig up your potatoes , do not neglect to dig the space between the rows , by doing which your ground will be quite clean and ready for dibbling the wheat as you proceed with the _> oi 2 K > e getting , as follows : — Wheat , after Potatoes . —Clear away two or three rows of potatoes at once , draw your drills as before directed , and sow or dibble the wheat as you proceed ; on the latter plan let your seeds be placed six inches asunder , two and a half or three inches deep , coyer up aud tread them in Avell .
Potatoes asd Wheat is Succession . — "On Sir G . CayJcy ' s allotments , it is usual to have one half in wheat , the other half in potatoes , changing the crops every year , the pari in wheat of one year , feeing cropped the year following with potatoes , and vice vena . On this short . rotation the Jand has not duTiinMicd , but actually increased in fortuity . For the last ten years the produce of wheat has been forty bushels to the acre , in same cases fifty-four , while for the twenty years preceding , thirfcv-six bushels was tlie average . The half acre of potatoes , and others sullied by the garden , are usually consumed by the pigs . Cottagers have been known to sell twenty pounds worth of pigs , besides their families being well supplied with bacon 31 And some cottagers , whehave the happy fortune to be blessed with careful wires , aud good ' eows , have sent 121 bs .
of butter to market per week / during the flush of the feed . " Another instance of a quick succession of crops is that of S . Bridge , of Stock Green , near Feekenham , Worcestershire . He cultivates four acres of poor land entirely by the spade . His crops for the mostpartavesuecessivcly'wheatand potatoes . Thishe has fallowed with great success for twenty-four years . As soon as the wheat is off , he breast-ploughs his stubble ground , raking up the stubble to litter the pigs , lie then digs it over with a fork , and plants on it potatoes in the following spring ; this crop being kept dean , the land needs bo further preparation for wheat . His average produce has been forty bushels oi wheat per acre , and twelve tons of potatoes per acre . The source of manure is the pigs which , he keeps upon a part of the produce ; the potatoe haulm , stubble , and straw are , of course , carefully husbanded for this pai-pose .
Un . Jonxsox ox Agkiccltcke . —The lahourofthe farmer gives employment to tho manufacturer , and yields asupportfor the other parts of the community : it is the spring which sets the whole grand machine of commerce in motion , aud tllC sail could not be spread -without the assistance of the plough . Of Dations , as of individuals , the first blessing is independence . ^ Neither the man nor the people can be liappy , to whom any human power can deny the necessaries m- conveniences of life . There is noway of livimr without the need of foreign assistance , by ihe product of our own land , improved by our" own labour . Every other source of plenty is perishable or casual . Dy agriculture only can commerce be perpetuated , and by agriculture a ' lone can we live in plenty without intercourse with other nations . This , therefore , is the great art which every government ought to protect , every proprietor of lands to practise , and every inquirer into nature to improve .
CpxnvATiox or Cottage Aixoihexis . —The follow ing is a short account of the system 1 consider best adapted for the most profitable cultivation of one acre -oflandjtosuit the cottager ' . —Divide the land into three equal parts , containing 53 } perches each . Separate these portions by small alleys of such a size as will permit a wheelbarrow to pass along with manure , and also for weeding the crops , or applying liquid manure to them . The liquid manure to be collected in a well-constructed tank suited to the cottage . One portion , or boh perches , should be planted with early potatoes , to be succeeded by turnips , broccoli , savoys , lettuce , andmangold-wurzel transplanted . Ihcsecond division should be planted with potatoes , lnApril , forthenextsumnier ' ssupply .
-ixie suoaiviswns ot me tuiru , or reuiavmng portion , should be as fdilows : —20 perches planted with early Wellington and Battersea cabbages , to be succeeded hy transplanted Swedes ; 2 with carrots ; 4 Avith parsnips ; 3 with , beans ; 3 with peas ; 1 with onions ; s of a perch Avith leeks , lettuce , ic . ; 2 perches sown with , various small seeds , such as broccoli , early York , lettnee , and savoys , to afford a supply of plants * ° -i ? c i ancies tliat may occur ; £ perches sown mth Swedes , which , whentainned , wBlgire a supply of plants -for dibbling after the 207 percb . es of early cabbages ; 4 percues sown with mangold wurzel for transplanting ,. aftertho early potatoes mentioned in tha first division . Ten perches should be sown with whwt , whicuwill supply the family iritlt nice bread aud hotcake for Christmas . The maneolds . sw «!«
and cabbage stoppings will afford excellent feeding for pigs , and will produce excellent pork when " properly attended to . There should also be planted either as standards or espaliers , 12 dwarf apple trees 4 plum trees 4 pear trees , i dozen of gooseberry bushes , and 4 dozen currant trees . By adopting this system the cottager and Lis family will enjoy the sweets and comforts of their labour . - The three portions m which the land is divided can underdo a-teruate changes or rotations of cropping , and one of aem should be trenched each succeeding jear . f fSlf ' iffr' *****»! Imd Steward . Abridged j ™ We Bullm Farmer ? Gazette . - * £ § ta £ ^ 3 P Ta ?» - ] J « n ( the husk , of * i & CSTamSvT ^ - in comparison tte field sbdraied ^^ * . aere , and the part of fe r « fivecrSS ™ tto use more dered therehy shoidd desW « ° fe ™ ati ° n enginat its present Talue , JK ^ SlZ ** '• «* entity - as © ot 20 a ' ^ a-. and as the
Potatoe Cmno.-'When Yon Dig Up Your Pota...
bran could be obtained at any time from the nearest miller , its whole expense would bj its first cost—a point of great consideration in the midland counties . We need not send to South Africa for guano to be sold at £ 10 per ton , if we had sufficient manure at our own doors to be purchased at £ 5 per ton , more especially as by taking the bran out of the market , it has the twofold benefit of producing greatly increased crops , and indirectly by allowing us to obtain a better sale for the hay " and oats , which must be substituted for the bran so used . — -Agr i . Gaz .
Important DISCOVERY . —In tho Geological Section of the British Association for the Advancement of Science , a communication was made by Professor lleuslow that promises to be of great importance to the English agriculturists . In the red crag , London clay , and green sand , there abound nodules which have been found on analysis to yield 50 per cent , of phosphate of lime and phosphate of iron , and these nodules arc in great abundance . Phosphate of lime is the most valuable manure ; and as the supply of bones , from which it has hitherto been chiefly obtained , is diminishing-, the importance of the discoi'cry wiil be seen . So important , indeed , was it considered to have a new source for the supply of
phosphates , that Dr . Daubeny visited Spain , to examine a reported natural phosphate formation in Estremadura , but he found that it was confined to a small space , and difficult of access . It now seems , however , that the agriculturists of the eastern counties possess an abundant , quantity of this manure under their lands . A discussion arose as to tlie nature of the nodules , it being the opinion of Professor llenslow and Mr . Solly that they arc formed of the exuviaj of animals , as fragments of animals are found among them ; but Or . Buekland contended that they arc aggregations , and that the phosphates they contain arc derived from the iron which enters into their composition .
Prolific Wheat . —In the harvest of 1 S 10 , Mr . C . Spring , of Scham , Cambridgeshire , gathered from one of his fields , eighteen very fine ears cf wheat ( which were five , six , and seven set ) , the proceeds of which filled a common wine glass . The above were planted the following autumn and produced one peck , which was again planted November 3 , 13-11 , and produced seven bushels and one peck ; planted tllC same Novembers , 1813 , the produce 10 S bushels and 2 pecks ; which was again planted in the autumn ot 1 S 13 , and produced l . SCS bushels . Thus the increase from the IS ears , in the short space of four years , was the enormous quantity of 467 coombs !
lo Make Ckeaii Cheese . —Take one quart of very rich cream , a little soured , put it in a linen cloth and tie it as close to the cream as you can . Then hang it up to drain for two days ; take it down , and carefully turn it into a clean cloth , and hang it up for two or more dais ; then take it down and , having put a piece of linen on a deep soup plate , turn your cheese upon it . Cover it over with your linen ; keep turning it every day on a clean plate and clean cloth until it is ripe , which will be about ten days or a fortnight , or it may be longer , as depends on the heat of the weather . Sprinkle a little salt on the outside , when you turn it . If it is wanted to ripen quick , keep it covered with mint , or nettle leaves , TllC size made from a quart of cream is moit convenient , but if Avished larger , they can be made so .
Guaxo—By Professor Johnson . —Guano is the name given to the accumulated dung , chiefly of sea-birds , which is found upon the rocky promontories , and on the islands , that skirt the coast of South America , from the loth to the 21 st degree of south latitude . In that part of America , the climate being very dry , the droppings of the birds have decomposed with exceeding slowness , and upon some spots have continued to accumulate for many centuries , forming layers , more or less extensive ) of 10 , 20 , and at certain places it is said even of 60 feet in thickness . In some places , the more ancient of these deposits are covered by layers of drift sand , which tend further to preserve them from decay . In our moist climate , the dung of the sea-fowl is readily washed away by the rains , so
that even where sea-birds most abound , no considerable quantity of guano can ever be expected to collect . The droppings of birds and fowls , however , particularly when they can be collected before being decomposed , form one of the most powerful of known manures . This arises , in part , from the circumstance , that , in the economy of birds , there is no final separation between the liquid and solid excretions , as in animals . Both escape mixed together from the same aperture . The immediate effect of this kind of manure depends upon the quantity of soluble matter it contains , and this varies much according to its age , and to the circumstances under which it has been preserved . The soluble matter of recent droppings consists of uric acid in small quantity , of urate ,
sulphate , and especially of carbonate of ammonia , common salt , and sulphate of potash ; the insoluble , chiefly of phosphate of lime ( bone earth ) , with a little phosphate of magnesia , and a variable mixture of sand and other earthy matters . The uric acid and urea gradually undergo decomposition , and are changed into cai-bonate and other salts of ammonia . If applied to tho land when this stage of decomposition is attained , they form an active , powerful , and immediately operating manure ; but if allowed to remain exposed to the air for a lengthened period of time , the salts of ammonia gradually volatilize , and the efficacy of Avhat remains becomes greatly
dirai-1 nished . Hence , the guano which is imported into this country is very variable in quality , some samples being capable of yielding only 7 per cent , of ammonia , while others are said to give as much as 25 per cent . When the dung of birds or fowls is intended to be kept , it should be mixed with dry vegetable soil , or made into a compost with earth and sawdust , with a portion of pulverised or charred peat , with charcoal , with gypsuni , or with burnt clay , broken tiles , for instance , reduced to powder . The dung of hens and eeese often accumulates , decomposes , and runs to waste about farm-yards , Avhen , with little care , it might be collected in considerable quantities .
Guano , as imported into this country , is very variable in its composition . Dr . Urc gives the following as the average result of his analysis of genuine guano ; Per cent . Organic matter containing nitrogen , including urate of ammonia , and capable of affording from 8 to 17 per cent of ammonia hy slow decomposition in the soil 50 Water 21 Phosphate of linie ..... , 25 Ammonia , phosphate of magnesia and ammonia , and oxalate of ammonia , containing from 4 to 9 per cent of ammonia 13 Siliceous or sandy matter from the crops of the uirus •••••••• . *••••¦ . ,,.,,,, , 1
100 It may , however , almost be taken for granted , that very little of what comes to this country is so rich in soluble matter , containing ammonia or its elements , as is ' represented by this analysis . Still there can now be no doubt , that any of the samples yet brought to Britain may be advantageously applied as a manure to almost any crop . From the most remote period , guano has been the chief manure applied to the land on the parched shores of Peru ; and at the present day , it is not only applied for the same purpose in the provinces which lie along the coast , but it is also carried across the desert of Atacama , many leagues inland , " on the backs of mules over rough mountain paths , and at a great expense , for the use of
the agricultural districts of Peru and Bolivia . " It has been estimated that 100 , 000 quintals ( equal to lOJibs . flvoirdupoise each ) , are at tho present day annually sold in Peru . There , also , the quality and the price vary , therecent Avhite guano selling usually at 3 s . 6 d „ the more recent red and grey varieties at 2 s . 3 d . per cwfc . In this country , the latter , the only variety yet imported , sells at present at about 10 s . per cwt . In regard to the effects of guano upon various crops , many important experimental results were obtained in 1812 . These results seem to show , that guano is more uniformly successful with root crops than when applied as a top-dressing to com and grass . The unusual drought which prevailed in 1842 no doubt materially diminished its action , when used as
atop-dressing ; and the results upon the corn crops , in a more moistseason , may probably prove more generally favourable to itsuseasaneeonomicalmanure . In respect to turnips and potatoes , the results are very gratifying since they seem to show that this light and portable manure may be substituted with safety and great advantage for farm-yard dung . Some experiments seem already to indicate , that the favourable influence of guano does not cease Avith the first season . If the phosphate of lime which bones contain operate in any way prolonging thoir fertilizing qualities , the large , though var iable , quantity of this phosphate contained in guano , shoidd render this' latter substance also capable of permanently improving the soil . By exposure to the air , guano gradually gives off a
portion of its volatde ' constitucntB ; it ought , therefore , to be kept in covered vessels or casks . It also , in our climate , absorbs moisture from the air , and therefore should be purchased as soon as possible after importation . When applied as a lop-dressing , it may be convementlymixed with an equal weight- ' of gypsum or wood ashes , with charcoal powder , or with fine dry soil . With , respect to artificial manures , particnltily bones and guano , another writer says : " The farmer must see that he buys the genuine material ; Let him buy from a first-rate dealer , who . Will warrant the manure genuine , and let him pay a fair value for it , or he need not be surprised ifke lose his crop , and
what money he lays out for the adulterated cheap stuff , IFe by no means disparage artificial manures . Some of these are very good . Bones have teen long tried , and proved to be of substantial benefit in agriculture . Their effect is lasting , and their chemical action , as manure , will , we have no doubt , be greatly felt in the breaking np of lands wl . ich , years before , had been sown down after a tump ' crop manured with bones . In this way we think ii very unlikely that bones will be entirely given up and guano substituted ; while , however , we have as little doubt that guano will also be extensively and successfully used as a cheap and efficacious manuie . As to guano , if the farmer is resolved to try it , let him see that he pays a fair price , that he gets it from a respectable
Potatoe Cmno.-'When Yon Dig Up Your Pota...
dealer , and in applying it to the ground with a turnip crop , he ought-to ' have the manure nicely mixed with a certain proportion of ashes , to make it sow more easily ; aud , above all , the land should bo thoroughly cleaned and pulverised , and the weather and ground dry , when the manure is put in and the seed sown . "
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Ctottet Melltgeitce . » ***¦* ' **••***• J * r r if ** *< f S * f * ' * * ** * * * ***; ' ** fffj ,
London. City Locaiitv.—Mr. Cooper's Eigh...
LONDON . City Locaiitv . —Mr . Cooper ' s eighth lecture , last Sunday evening , was more throngly attended than any former one . Mr . Overton was chairman , and , aftor one of tli-i " i »«> j > ie-Songs" bad tieon sung , introduced the lecturer . Mr . C . ' s . leading themo for tlie evening was the English commonwealth ; .-but ho introduced it by a picturesque description of tlio 'Gunpowder Plot in the reign of James I ., and a somewhnt humorous portrait of tlie English " Solomon" himself ... The hypocritical and tyrannical Charles 1 . was also boldly shetclied ; and when , after describing his wilful and despotic ruts of eleven y « avs without a Parliament , his levying of war upon his subjects , and , above all , the finding of his vile and murderous letters in the messenger ' s saddle , while he was promising peace and good-will—when the lecturer came to ash " What could he done with such a man ? " a general
echo of the query go throug , the trial and execution of the despot were detailed with a feeling amongst the audience that seemed to proclaim that was the natural end of such a course . The govern , mentof Cromwell was also honestly described to have been vigorous and politic , and to have displayed far higher monarchic qualities . than the feeble and wavering course of many "bom kings : Yet the hypocrisy ot much of tho Protector's course was unswervingly opened -, and amidst the more interesting features of the lecture , was tho picture of the fanatical , but high-minded and unsuhduablo George Fox , the Quaker . The immortal patriots Hampden , Eliot , Fym , SUdeo , St , John , HollU , Haslcrhj , Fleetwood , Ireton , Bradshaw , JIarten , Algernon Sydney , and , above all , the incorruptible Hutchinson , were energetically depictured ; and ths lecture closed with a very brief sketch of the characters aud reigns of Charles II . and James II .
Greenwich & xn Depti'mib Localit y . — Mr . Cooper lectured here , in the large room of the George and Dragon , Ulackheath-hill , last Tuesday evening . There was a good attendance , and 31 r . Shaw , of London , was chosen , chairman . One of tha lecturer ' s " t ' eoplg-Songs" were sunj ; and the chairman then made some very suitable observations , concluding with the introduction of the lecturer . Mr . C . ' s subject , according to announcement , was " the true character of the insurrection under AVat Tyler , in tho reign of llichard the Second . " He first described the state of the country preceding the insurrection—the spirit kindled by AVickliffe—the reports of the doings of the Jacquerie in France , and the success of the insurrection under Tan Avtaveldt , the brewer of Ghent , in the low countries—the villainage or serfdom which had so long existed—and lastly , the grisvous and unjust poll-tax . The extent of-the insurrection in Norfolk , under lister , the tanner—in Suffolk , . under
AVestbrooni—in Essex , under the priest who took the name of Jack Straw—and in Kent , under AVat TvhT and John Ball , the AVickliffe or Lollard preacher—was graphically described . The assembly of 200 , 000 men on IUackheath —the march to London—the beheading of Simon of Sudbury , Archbishop and Chancellor , with other of the young king ' s ill-advisers—the boldness and craft of the king hiinsalf , and the treacherous massacre of AVat Tyler , with tho falsehood of the king aud his counsellors , who broke their word after promising charters to tho people , were severally narrated ; and the insurrection , in spite of its failure , was shewn to have had the effect of commencing tho abolition of villainage ( whereby tlie serf could be sold with the soil ) although the king and parliament , at first , declared it should not . Mr . Cooper concluded with a fervid exhortation to zeal among working men , and to a more hearty and persevering union for tho People ' s Charter .
iaMMEKSMrrn . —At the weekly meeting held at the Dun Cow , Brook Creen-lane , the members took into consideration the distressed circumstances of our brother Llewellyn , caused by the villanous persecution to which he has heen subjected , on account of his firm adhesion to the principles of the People ' s Charter ; and it was unanimously agreed to present him with five shillings from the fund , at the same time recommending his case to our Chartist brethren .
STOCKPORT . Lecture .- —On Sunday eA'ening last , Mr . Thomas Clark lectured in the Association-room , on the " present state and future prospects ot' the people ' s cause . " The meeting was a numerous one , and strict attention Avas paid to the lecture . At the close of the meeting , a handsome collection Avas made for the tunds of the Association . Several large firms in this itown have their iveavcrs working short time ( four days a avccIc ) . The reason assigned by the omployers is , that they cannot get a remunerating price for cloth . They are manufacturing twist yarn for exportation , to be ivovcn abroad , whilst the weavers at home are walking about only half employed . In a short time foreigners ' * will be able to make their own twist , " and then both spinners and weavers will be out of employment .
LANCASHIRE . The South Lancashire Delegate Meetixc was held in the Working Man ' s Hall , llorsedge-street , Oldham , on Sunday last—Mr . John Burdekin in the chair . Delegates from the following places were present : —Manchester , Mr . Donovan ; Oldham , Mr . Burdekin and Mr . Homier ; Rochdale , Mr . Bake ; Ueywood , Mr . Bell . Tho minutes of the previous meeting were read and confirmed , after which the following sums were paid to the secretary for the Executive : —Oldham , 7 s . 7 d . ; Hcywood , for three months , 13 s . Gd . ; Rochdale , 13 s . 2 d . ; ditto , a friend 3 d . ; ditto , a friend , Cd . Total sum for Executive ,
' * . ! 7 s . Proceeds of levy for camp meeting for tho County Fund , 8 d . The following resolutions were passed unanimously : — " That we , the county council of South Lancashire , do sympathise with Wm . Dixon , late reporter of the Northern Star for Manchester , and do recommend his case to the country , but most particularly to the Chartists of South Lancashire and North Lancashire , * and we earnestly hope that every Chartist will respond to the appeal made by Mr . O'Connor , and which we now most sincerely repeat in behalf of Mr . Dixon . " " That a levy of one penny be levied for the next month . " " That our secretary ' s travelling expenses and bill for postage ,
London. City Locaiitv.—Mr. Cooper's Eigh...
& e ., ho paid . " " That our next delegate meeting be held tlie hist Sunday in October , at . ten o ' clock a . m ., in the Chartist Association Room , Mill-street , Rochdale . " " That Ave adjourn until the last Sunday in October . " , LIVERPOOL . Public Mkbtixg . — On Tuesday evening , Mr . 'M'Grath addressed a spirited meeting in the Theatre , Christian street , on the Charter and Land . Mr . AV . Jones presided on . the occasion . The proceedings of the evening gaye much satisfaction *
COCKEllMOUTH . Public -Meeting-. — -A numerous meeting of the inhabitants of this town assembled in the Town Hall to hear a lecture from Mr . M'Grath , on the " Land —its capabilities , and the AA'ay to get it . Mr .- Feat was appointed to the chair , who very appropriately introduced the all-engaging subject . The lecturer gave universal satisfaction . The society here is going on prosperously .
WIGTON . Public Meeting . —On Saturday evening we Avere favoured with a visit from Mr . M'Grath , for tlie purpose of expounding the rules and objects of the Cliaitist Co-operative Land Society . The use of the Primitive Methodist Chapel was granted for the meeting . Tho lecture , which lasted upwards of two hours , frequently elicited the applause of the meeting . Several copies of tlie rules were taken , and twenty persons enrolled themselves members of the society .
D ALSTON . Punnc Mjsetixg . —On Sunday Mr . M'Grath addressed an out-door meeting of the inhabitants of this little village . The result was the formation of a branch of the society , which bids fair to prosper . CARLISLE . Public Meeting . —According to announcement by placards , a meeting was held in the theatre , to afford Mr . M'Grath an opportunity of addressing the inhabitants of the town on the Land , and the plan propounded by the National Charter Association for its obtainment . Mr . Richardson was unanimously called to the chair . The lecture , which was long and lucid , gave universal satisfaction . The spirit of inquiry was indicated by a large number of the rules being purchased by the audience . We hold weekly meetings of the branch , and are steadily increasing its numbers .
OLDHAM . Lecture . —On Sunday last , Mr . T . Tattersall delivered a very energetic Lecture on " the Land , " in the Working Man ' s-hall . The audience listened with great attention , and the address gave general satisfaction .
To The London Coudwainers.— Shopmate?,— ...
To the London Coudwainers . — Shopmate ? , — Although nearly eighteen years of varied fortune and misfortune have gone over my head since I "bent over the last and wielded the awl , " I still deli g ht in the old familiar word of fellowship by which it is the pride of all jolly lads of " the gentle craft" to hail each other . I shall indeed be proud and glad to assist in carrying out Mr . Shute ' s suggestion , which I observe in the last number of the Cordimineri Companion , i thank Mr . shute for his very friendly and flattering expressions of regard ; and shall say no more , in conclusion , than that I shall look forward with pleasurable anticipations to the approaching feast of " Crispin Crispian , " in the hope that I shall pass the evening surrounded with many happy hearts and joyous faces of our honourable order . —I am , shopm ? . tes , yours right heartily , Thomas Cooper . —13 L Blackfriars-road , Oct . 1 st , 181-5 .
Noktu Lancashire Mixers . —The Belthornc and Broadfields Colliers are still out . They thankfully acknowledge tho following sams received for their support : —DarwetiCollier . * , £ 10 . Baxendaleditto ' , £ -i . Swinsham ditto , £ 2 . Blackburn Spinners , £ 1 9 s . Od . Funden ditto , 0 s . Cd . Enfield ditto , 5 s . Gd . Marsden friends , 5 s . Ilaskinden ditto , 3 s . Richard Kales , Od . Duckworth-hall Colliers , 4 s . Brookside , ditto , £ 1 2 s . Gd . Darwen Spinners ,. 3 s . 9 d . Bottom district , £ 1 . Blaekuvn corn-millers , Gs . Mr . Bettersly , Cd . Oliver Bolane , draper , 2 s . 6 d . Beivj . Whalcy , Is . T ; omas Livescy , Is . George Wright , Gd . llichard Proudlove , Cd . Macharis order , 2 s . M . Ditto , honcstmen , 5 s . GeorgeDunbury , Is . Garbot ' s men , lis . Friend , 2 s . Cd . Mm Bicup , Haworth , tailor , 2 s . Cd . Little Leaver district : Farmers ' Arms , 10 s . Ditto , Rose Tavern , 2 s . 0 d . Ditto , Horse-shoe , 3 s . 3 d . Ditto , Robin Hood , 2 s . Cd . Ditto , Bull's Head , 3 s . Cd . Wigan district : Johnston ' s men , 10 s . Dean Church , 10 s . Chorley District , 103 . Little Hutton No . 3 Lodge , 10 s . Friends ,
F . II . B ., £ 1 . A Delegate Meeting of the United Tailors ' Protection Society was held on Sunday , the 21 st instant , in the Hose and Crown , Bolton . The following delegates were present : —Mr . Douglas , No . 1 section , Bolton ; Mr . Barrett , No , 2 , Bolton ; Mr . M'Cann , Manchester ; Mr . Richardson , Leith ; Mr . Mitchel , Ashton-under-Lyne ; Mr . Leonard , Staleybridge ; Mr . Hall , Glossop ; Mr . Leach , Hyde , district secretary . The Executive money was paid to the secretary by each delegate , in proportion to the number of members in the district . Tho following resolutions were agreed to : — "That all relief shall be stopped on all cards belonging to the Spread Eagle
Society , Manchester , until they relieve protection cards . "— " That this district is prepared to pay for the support of a lecturer , if other districts will join them . "— " That a levy be made throughout the district to defray the expenses of calling a public meeting in Ashton-under-Lyne . " -- " That the names of all dishonourable members of the trade be reported to the district , secretary , and that Mr . Leach he re-elected to the oilice of secretary . "— " That a brief report of the meeting be sent to the Northern Star for insertion , also to the Bolton Free Press and Chronicle . " Thanks having been voted to the president , the meeting was adjourned to the White Lion Inn , Hyde , to take place in December next .
Fortifying Sueerness . —The fortifications of this garrison arc to be considerably strengthened , and seventy guns arc to be immediately placed on the old batteries . A detachment of the Royal Sappers and Miners has commenced work on the SOUtll side , near the drawbridge , by throwing out the mud and clay from the adjoining moat , also raising it higher , and a large number of masons has also been set to work to complete the job . The greatest activity prevails throughout the whole of the official departments , which leads the inhabitants to think that a " Storm is hrnwin . "
Ad00609
THE GREAT EUROPEAN RAILWAYS' COMPANY . [ The portion of the Earth comprehended wider this title covers an extent of 3 , 700 , 000 Enqlt ' sh square miles , and embodies a population of 230 , 000 , 000 souls . No pan of England , however , will ba included in the operations of tho present Company ] ( PROVISIONALLY REGISTERED PURSUANT 10 7 th AND 8 th TIC , Cap . 110 . ) TIIE ACTUAL PAID UP CAPITAL WILL BE ONE MILLION STERLING . ; IN SHARES OF £ 100 EACH . Deposit , 10 s . per Share , being the . highest amount allowed hy the Provisions of the Tth and 8 th Vic ., Cap . 110 . OFFICES OF THE COMPANY , ST . HELEN'S PLACE , LONDON . [ A more detailed Prospectus , containing the names of the Trustees , the Board of Directors , and a most powerful Provisional Committee , with , a complete list of the Bankers , ' Counsel , Engineers , Solicitors , Secretaries , Share-brokers ( London and Provincial ) , with all the officers of the company , is in course of formation , and will shortly be ready for delivery . ] PRELIMINARY ANNOUNCEMENT . AMID the many and the mighty records of man ' s discoveries in tho arts and sciences , which owe their existence to the unceasing energies and boundless wealth of this commercial empirci posterity will search in vain the historical monuments of departed ages , to discover one more wonderful or valuable in the annals of a nation ' s greatness , than the iron roads of the nineteenth century—those magnificent highways of commerce , which , extending in every direction their gigantic trunks and literally countless branches , and intersecting in its length as in its breadth the entire Kingdom of Great Britain , are , to the exteut of some thousand miles , momentarily traversed with almost lightning rapidity , by the potent agency of Steam . Most truly has it been observed that " the philosophy , of railroads is only now beginning to be comprehended by the universal world ; daily and rapidly they are developing new and important views of society ; they arc , in fact , self-sustaining * social instruments , that by cheapening innumerable commodities , and diminishing the cost of transit , are not only increasing consumption , but creating , as it ; were , in savings new enterprise , new capital , new wants . " If any changes yet await them ( and , doubtless , there are some ) , they are changes merely of progression from one stage of improvement to another : but sooner or later the adoption of railroads must become universal , though the broad guage , by reason of its supposed increased safety , with increased speed , should ultimately clash with the narrow , and the maximum of our present velocity should become the minimum of speed hereafter , for while an engine manufactured in 1814 cannot accomplish the distance between London and Liverpool in less than six hours , we behold another constructed in 1845 traversing tho same space in less than four . The assertion may appear , at first mention , astounding to those quite unacquainted with the fact , and in happy ignorance of the great advantages of railroads , even as investments , yet so highly remunerative has been the actual interest only , paid by Railway Companies on the amount of money called for up to the present time , that the effect has positively been to create ' a new and independent property for Railway Shareholders , over and above the gross amount of capital advanced by thorn , of upwards of ONE HUNDRED MILLIONS STERLING . The primary and the principal , ' object of this Company is to accomplish , on the more extensive field of continental Europe , as well as in our British possessions throughout the world , what England , with all her wealth , and all her energies , has , from her very limited extent alone . only succeeded as yet in carrying out comparatively in miniature , viz ., the construction of Railroads ; in other words , to accomplish'by steam power a still more gigantic scheme of passenger traffic oh land than those extensive fleets of steamers , known as the various Foreign Steam Navigation Companies of England , have hitherto maintained at sea . _ . \\ ith such important views , and national as well as individual interests sincerely at heart , accredited Dn-eetors , Avith ample resources at their . command , in several instances most favourably connected , in all practically and intimately acquainted with the various localities they are destined to proceed to , will be specially delegated , on behalf of the Company , to enter into negoeiations with Continental States , and British and Foreign Governments , and by contracts of the most favourable nature for the interest of Shareholders in the present Company , to secure the concession of the many exceedingly valuable lines of railway which to the extent of several thousand miles throughout the world , still await the immediate application only of British enterprise , combined with British capital , to llO effectually and successfully carried out . An engineering staff , on a scale of liberality sufficiently great to meet the magnitude of the undertaking and as perfect in its several appointments . as the very highest order of merit ( supported by unexceptionable testimonials ) , can constitute it , will accompany a chosen body of the Directors throughout their travels to guide their judgment on scientific questions , and to report on engineering matters , such as earth-works , costs of construction , and the precise nature of the several soils and gradients . The Directors purposely omit all mention of engineering difficulties , because , with the single exception of physical impossibilities , experience daily proves that they resolve themselves into the simple question of ex pense , and consequent amount of interest , and are therefore , more properly speaking , matters for the special consideration of financiers ( rather than of engineers ) , by whom they will be fully debated and disposed of , -. • - * --....... With a view to ensure not only names of high commercial standing , and possessing likewise extensive in , fiuencewittiYoreign States , hut also practically efficient working Directors , the Executive of this Comnanv lias been constituted liberally remunerative ; thus every Director will feel that in his own personal services lies the secret power of rendering the present project only the first of a scries of eminently successful under ' takings , in the interest oi allot which he must nccessaril ) participate . ¦ Every grant for a Railroad secured by the successful negotiations of this Company , will be constituted a separate and distinct Railway Company , and every holder of Shares herein will be entitled to thei call at par of a proportionate number of the new shares in every Company , according to the number he mav nosse « s in tho present one : such claim to be made by the production of the original shares at the Comnanv's ofiieA seven clear days previous to cveiy allotment of shares in each Company . vw ^ Hijaimuw I i i I I .
Ihe Lianlvcrs Receipt . Uu Given Onon -U...
ihe lianlvcrs receipt . uu given onon -un u . n .,, » , ..,. - nine * exchanged for a certificate at the Office of the Company Within twenty-one days alter the date fixed ibr ti payment of such deposit . The non-compliance with this condition will subject the Subscriber to the f " feiture of his or her deposit , and of all interest in the undertaking . V 1 * No further call , under any circumstances , will be made in this Company , beyond the first payment of if , per share ; nor in any other Company until such time as the Directors shall have actually obtained the p ^ Jiminarv ministerial concession of some foreign line of Railway , and _ then only when such second ' pavnL , I shall have become necessarv , either for replacing and releasing the original deposit money , or for the imJ ' diatc progress of the public works of such Railway due notice oi which j . ayment will he . given in » ' London Gazette , the Daily Morning and Evening London Papers * and m the Public Journals ot" the Country contributing the grant . . ' ., ' ,,. ¦ ,. ... - From the period of the concession of any line of Railway obtained by this Company , and until such cntiiv , line is opened , interest at the rate of 4 per cent per annum will be paid halt-yearly to the Subscribers on tho amount paid up by them in every such subsequent Company . _ . Subsequent to the opening of each and every entire line lor traffic , tllC pi'OluS IN eVOl'V Company but tlm present one ( wherein the deposit money is expressly guaranteed to uc returned when the several lines o > - Railways for which it is advanced shall be obtained ) will be divided as follows : —First , a suilicieut sum sliaji ' be set apart as a sinking fund , for the gradual return of the entire capital to the Shareholders ; secondly ' \ dividend of 5 per cent , per tuinum will be paid to the Shareholders on the amount of the respective Shares ' - thirdly , the surplus will be divided into twentieths , of which lT-20 ths will belong to the Slum-holdm , nmi be divided among them in equal proportions as a further dividend , and the remaining o-20 ths will be paid as follow ; 1-20 H ) will go to the formation of an accumulating fund , to be annually divided and placed to the credit of all Shareholders in tho present Company , and the remaining 2-20 ths will be paid as an annual remuneration to tbosc individuals through whose services such concession shall have boon chiefly obtained , or each'of these annual bonuses may bo commuted for a single payment , the amount of each t ' o be determined at the first general meeting of the Subscribers to Mich Company . Each Director in the present Company will be eligible for a seat in the Direction of every new Compamthc capital of which shall he subscribed by the original Shareholders , provided always that he possess h ' ij share qualification therein . The entire management of the a / Fairs of each Company will be vested in a Board of Directors , and win consist . of ii Chairman , Deputy-Chairman , and twelve other Directors ( trieniiially elected ) , who shall have power to appoint one of their body as Resident or Managing Director ( under certain restrictions ) in tha various countries contributing the several grants , and the foreign interests of all such Companies will lie again represented by twelve Resident Directors iu each foreign country ( giving ft majority of two in invutii ' of English interest ) . ' The deposit of 10 s . per share will be invested in approved securities , and the interest arising f herefrom will be carried to a fund for defraying iu part the expenses of the Company connected wiilfits genera ! management . Although the act of subscribing for shares in an ;; of the subsequent Companies which may fCStllt from ( lie present one , has been expressly stated as being quite optional on the part of a Subscriber ' hereto , it is , per-Imps only proper to state , in addition , that on any occasion of an original Shareholder declining io takesuch new shares , and relinquishing his right of claiming shares in every new Company , he will be at perfect liberty to withdraw-his original deposit money on giving thirty-one days' notice to that effect ; and tho Directors expressly guarantee that the total deduction for expenditure ( at homo and abroad ) shall not ultimately exceed from five to ton shillings on each deposit ; these expenses , llOWCVCr , will bo defrayed , -, \ S they are incurred , in equal proportions by the various Companies cstablised from time to time through the successful negotiations of the present one , and thus the full amount of the original deposit will be returned , lot only without any deduction , but with the addition of the various bonuses . The bonus ( annual or commuted ) given by ' every Foreign Company for each separate act of concession will io carried , as before explained , to an accumulating fund , for the benefit of the Shareholders in this Company through the aid , in fact , of whose capital the caution money deposited with Continental States for sccurinn-; he concessions of such foreign lines will have been primarily , although temporarily , advanced ) , and will * , vhen all the various lines are conceded for which the Directors intend to propose the necessary advance of sapital , be divided in proportion to the amount of deposit money advanced by each original Shareholder ivhich deposit will then be returned in full , together with all accumulations . A ' subscription for one or more shares in any Company will carry with it and imply an adhesion to the statutes , rules , and regulations of such Company , and to all rights and privileges thereto attaching ; but it ias been rendered optional on the part of Shareholders herein CO accept 01 ' decline SUcll shares previous to lis or her act of subscription . . Negotiations of a highly important nature with several Foreign States will , in a very brief period , be fully md unreservedly communicated to the Shareholders ; and , without a more direct reference at the present ime , to the objects actually contemplated , it may , perhaps , not be considered premature lo stn c that a ihort time only will elapse " before the announcement of some most important accessions to the in terest of the iresent Company . I ' iie A ( \ . vi ; , YED Statistical Summahy of all the Nations and States comprised in Europe ( England alone excepted ) , carefully and expressly compiled from Oilieial Sources , containing the Names 6 ' f the great European Countries , their Capitals , their Superficial Area in English Square Miles , the Ainoant of Population to each Square Mile , the Population of the Chief Cities , and the Annual Revenue of each Country in Founds Sterling , will convey some idea of the Extent of Territory from which the Directors win Select tlie Choicest Portions on which to pursue their Operations .
| . s ^ § . § p ? |! b . Jfeveime Countries . dpitals , '•?> s ~ s ; ^ 2 ? Iji in i'ow < k ¦ . M' ^ ' l 1 L ^ l l ° - ' - so C * c jt , i $ i a , ( France Paris ~ \ The Kingdom of France ...- ^ including > 204 , 000 3-t , l-3 ft , fi 77 IC 7 3 9 « 9 , li ( i 1-12 , 000 , 000 ( Corsica Ujaccio ) ( European Russia ... . Petersburg J ( 470 , 000 , The ltussian Empire . ) including > 2 , 110 , 000 50 , 500 , 000 2 ii- < \ j Ki . OOO . ( Poland Warsaw j WSO . OQfij Austria Vienna 01 , 3 . 50 13 , 034 , 5 ( 15 GSl ! , ( M 0 \ Hungary , lUulu 100 . 855 13 , 117 , 000 10 , 000 , The Austrian Empire ,..,.. J Bohemia .... Prague 20 , 23 : 1 4 , 128 , 000 12 o , uao u , QOiyw >> Transylvania Clauscnhurjj ... 21 , 082 l , yfi 3 , ,,, „ , 21 , 01 ) 0 : Austrian Italy Venice is , ouo 4 , 707 , 000 ...... lo : yioo / Totals 258 , 000 § 0 , 050 , 000 U 3 " - ' The Kingdom of Prussia ... Prussia Berlin 107 , 804 15 , 203 , 271 141-7 272 , 000 S . OOil . OflO The Kingdom of Spain Spain Madrid 1 S 2 . 75 S 12 , 2 tiS , 7 T 4 fi .-T i-io . mw Vw ^ w Tho Kingdom o £ Norway \ Sweden Stockholm 170 , 715 3 , 107 , 77 : ' IS : } S 4 , llll 0 . and Sweden - J Norway Christiana 121 , 725 1 , 101 , 827 O'S 23 , 000 - > > Totals 292 , 440 4 , 302 , 590 14-3 Tlic Ottoman Empire European Turkey ... Constantinople ISO , 000 ' lo . 'X'O . OOO ss-u 500 , 000 s . oc . yw The Kingdom of Holland ... Holland * ... „ Amsterdam lo , 5- >?> - ^ l-J . &' olil-f * 21 : l , 0 mi r >( mtty » 0 The Kingdom of Uelgium ... Uolgium jilrussels / 23 . 2 u 4 ,: 4 : \( M 321 lon . ooo : ) , wi , a 3 ' . i The Kingdom of Portugal ... Portugal Lisbon iVJ .-HOi 3 ,-54 : 0 , 420 07 2 mi , i > i ) o I , 5 ui > , mOO The Kingdom , of the two \ N ' nples ;>' apUs (' .,, „ . „ ! m ....... / 330 , e 00 , . ,., ' ,. Sicilies / Sicily Palermo \ - ^ 0 , 000 190-4 { ^ 4 , ois , « w The Swiss Confederation ... Switzerland ; llenie 15 , 233 2 , 188 , 009 143 2 o , inHV a . TOiywO The Kingdom of Sardinia ... Sardinia jTurin 2 U . 102 4 , 050 , 308 IliO 114 . 000 2 , 9 ! 1 , 000 The Kingdom of Denmark ,,. Denmark ....... Copenhagen 2 J , 83 o 2 , 333 , 2 C 5 . 03 12 o , m j 1 , 053 , 702 3 ERMANIC CONFEDERATION' , * I'he Kingdom of Saxony ... Saxony Dresden 5 , 759 1 , 030 , 100 2 S 4 70 , 000 j l , o 0 i ) , 000 l'he Kingdom of Wirtemburg Wirtemburg Stuttgard 7 , 000 1 , 049 , 839 217 38 , 000 1 , 000 , 001 ) Che Kingdom of Hanover ,., Hanover , „ ..,.. „ . „ .. Hanover 1 ± , 72 « 3 , 088 , 230 111 ? 28 , 000 1 , 320 , 000 rhe Kingdom of Havana ... Dararia .. ' Munich 29 , 537 4 , 315 , 41 ) 9 145 107 , 000 2 , 500 , 000 iraud Dukedom linden Carlsruhe 5 , 851 1 , 231 , 319 210 20 , 500 820 , 115 jlrand Dukedom .. Hesse Darmstadt 3 , 858 721 , 550 187 23 , 000 410 , 112 Electorate Hesse Cusscl 3 , iMS 793 , 130 24 i 0 ! , » oo 4111 , 1 : 01 ! 3 rand Dulicdom Luxemburg Luxemburg 2 , 700 l § 4 , 7 o' 0 0 S 11 , 00 ( 1 100 , 214 Grand Dukedom .... { ^ SchwS * So , m'orm *> *& 478 , 800 99 13 , 000 20 S , 333 Brand Dukedom 1 ^ 1 ?^" ° V Strelitz 097 87 , 820 88 10 , 000 59 , uu « Brand Dukedom -j ^ ninhafweiil ,,... } 0 Idenbl" ' 2 '" ' M ! lU 6 - m m 3 i < a « d Dukedom ..,,,.., Saxe-Weimar Weimar 1 , 421 247 , 003 174 10 , 000 202 . 0 * 3 Dukedom Ifolstoin ' ,. Glucstadt 3 , 710 470 , 950 128 5 , 030 204 , 403 Dukedom Nassau Wisbadcn 1 , 802 391 , 05 ) 217-1 7 , 000 Vf ; i ; , iiii « Dukedom Urunswick Brunswick 1 , 520 251 , 000104 30 , 000 SGl . UuJ Dukedom Saxe-Cobourg Gotha Gotba 810 140 , 000 171 14 , 000 10-3 , 8-jS Dukedom , Saxc-Altouburg ,,,,,, AltCllblirg SOJll 122 , 717 2-11 12 , 0110 C 5 , 2 ( . 'S UttUttdom ;„ ,, 5 ase-Mciningen MeUungen . sss 152 , 040 171-6 « , 000 S 1 . 0 SS Dukedom Anlialt-Dessau Dessau 31 s « 1 , 4 S 0 193-1 11 , 700 70 , 833 Dukedom Anhalt-Bernburg ... Beruburg | 297 iO ' , 920 257 0 , 000 50 , 000 Dukedom ...... Anhalt-Koetheu Koethen 254 10 , 200 158 0 , 000 2 !) , lGtf Principality ....... { ^ SillS ?^!^ . } 8 onder * «<» 318 55 , 810 175 4 , 000 2 , 8 , 123 FrintipaUty Sehwartz-Ruaolstailt Ruuolstadt sio 00 , 130 154 4 , 100 33 , 333 Principality ,. { ^ Iechingen } IIeehiu & 11 ™ * V-M > 159-7 3 , 000 12 , 500 Principality . - / s ^^ " ^ \ Sigmarlngeu ... 275 42 , m 100 } , i ; o » 27 , 083 Principality i . Liechtenstein Liechtenstein ... oi 0 , 520 101 1 , 800 l , i-A IMncipnlhy .,,,, Lippc-Schauenburg Uuckelmrg 212 ] 27 , 000 130 2 , 000 21 , i »; Principality Uppe-Detmold ...... Dermoid 445 82 , 070 ISO 2 , 500 55 , 333 Principality fteuss Greitz 143 31 , 500 212 « , H ) 2 19 , 035 Principality Iteuss 2 Selileitz 297 72 , 050 212 u . ftOu 4 H , 8 S > Principality Wahlech Korhach 4 ce 5 , 080 12 2 , 200 lo , l- 5 iandgraviate Hesse-IIoiuburg H 0 ml ) Ul'g 10 ft 24 , 00 ( 1 220 3 , 001 ) 17 , 705 r » ett ( % ..... Hamburg Hamburg ,. 143 153 , 000 104 121 , 000 iiiO . i ' ree City .................. Bremen Bremen loo 42 , 000 306 11 , 000 40 , 000 ' roe City Lubcclc Luhcck 127 20 , 000 204 2 * 000 40 , ud'J 1 ,-. .. ,. , / . . Frar . lifort-on- 1 .. ' <* < , ity Frankfort the Maj , }• Su 03 , 036 752 49 , 000 « si , < WW She Papal States Italy ... Rome 17 , 218 2 , 732 , 030 158 154 , 000 2 , 000 , 000 ( rand Dukedom Tuscany ... Florence . ' . 8 , 381 1 , 430 , 785 17 G 07 , 500 lukedom . Parma Parma 2 , 200 405 , 759 205 30 , 000 275 . S 31 ) ukedom . ModenaaiidMassa ... Modena 2 , 090 403 , 500 102 27 , 000 113 , 000 ) ukedbm ........................ Lucca . ' . Lucca 416 108 , 900 401 2 i , 0 Q 0 70 , VU <) ' rincipality ... Monaco .. „ , ..... Monaco 52 . 7 , 000 134-G 1 , 200 5 , « W ! he Kingdom of Greece Greece Athens 15 , 000 900 , 000 00 17 , ' ooO 2 , 489 , 550 tepublic Ionian Islands Corfu 1 , 033 208 , 041 20 * 1 17 , 000 147 , 507 tepublic Cracow ( in Poland ) Cracow 430 132 , 402 267 ST ^ OOO 43 , 000 tepublic Andorra ( in Spain ) Andorra 102 8 , 000 41-1 s ' , 000 tepublic San Marino Marino 22 7 , 000 3454 3 , 700 2 , 90 *
• ' | Uie Directors of the Company are unwilling for a moment it should be imagined that thev contemplate negotiations for such numberless concessions as tlie vast extent of territory embraced within ' its sphere of action might pre-suppose , although they have selected almost illimitable boundaries , on which to pursUO their already careful ly defined course of Action ; tliey distinctly state , that the choicest and most cligiMo portions only of judiciously selected countries will , at any time , be suffered to receive their deliberation , that the decisions of each Director will ever be based on financial deductions , and that no ultimate judgment will be carried out ( having reference to the application of railroads to particular countries or localities ) which shall not pass the entire Council Board with' perfect unanimity , and without the presence or tlia protest of a single dissentient vote . . * . The brief but successful history of railroads has not hitherto presented such a combination of favourable circumstances as the present Company offers tor the consideration of capitalists . The merely nominal depose of one-half percent , on all original shares-the highly important fact of the first deposit money on aH such shares being fixed as the final payment thereon—the consequent impossibility of * aiiv second call heing made on ihe ^ ngma IS hareholders-the vast extent of territory embraced within its sph ' ere of action -the ta amount of - capitoUt the command of the Directora-the solid , safe , and sound nature otto ConJDany as an mvestnient-the guaranteed return of any deposit at 31 days' notice-the great advantages I , jS f { berS f y S / W 1 d W ^ 'f ° t cftIi # «» nm sMres « l P « r > " wMi the option of wjcciimr W portion thereof—the high and influential character of the Board ( practically efficient worlcin- Directors K ? rt 5 SS ? iJSi ^ W ?^ " ^ -inmate - rBturn of all deposits without any deduction whatever , a n « J lasply , the almost certain division oi very many accumulated bonuses among the Shareholders by way o * SSJLS , ^ ' ^ ' ^^ combine to constitute this undertaking one of the most sterling combinations , of capitalists ol " the present day . ° . One-fouvthof the shares in the present Company will be reserved for landed peoprietors and cap italists pSn « \ : en , entries , but with special preference to those countries contributing the several concessions ; a second fourth will be taken by the English Directors , the Provisional Committee , -and tl'f SSiSft S ?? two-lourtlis will be divided among that portion only of tho English publm Kf-if' T ! , J ! 1 . * Y ^ om " ft ' ho shaU iully succeed in satisfying the Directors and Provision ^ Vonimitteeof their just claims to Mdsuch shares , both in right of actual unencumbered property and most undoubted respectability , such shares to be allotted according to priority of application , but tfitu <* P . ?" ciaf reference to the number of shares therein solicited , and likewise to the position in society of the app hvitiii so soliciting . The detailed Prospectuses , containing the names of the Trustees , the Board of Directors , and a lllosl ^ Ivoffif ^ lf ^ Lr " ™ ^ ' t " i a 11 *!* ° ^ ? f the Oompany , will shortly be issued from the Company s Offices , St . Helen s-place , London , where toreign noblemen and gentlemen , connected with imp ** yourts , may communicate with the Directors . ' By order of the Board , .. - ' •¦¦¦ . - .--JOHN SINNETT , \ Secretaries . St . Ilelen ' s-place , August 30 th , 1845 , ALFRED EASTON , | Sccie { a m !* l »? V « B f l n ^ , r ? ny application for shares unaccompanied by reference either to a Director of _ tho Bank of England , a Director of the Hon . East India Company , ' a London or iwuf " Banker , a Director of the present Company , or Member of the Provisional Committee ; andao app lication I will be receiyedon other than the printed forms issued by the Directors , which will shortly bo ready w « i the Prospectuses . . i Responsible parties desiring Prospectuses may rely on having conies fovwavdedto their addresses , citbtf I by entering , previously , their names in the Prospectus Book at the Offices of the Company , or by written I intimation ; but the Directors , desire it should be distinctly understood that indiscrimiiaate distribution * . not intended to be resorted to .
* In an official statement of the capital embarked in Hallways in Geimany , it is shown tfcat tbeliues already >>*' E /^ m ^ Ml fn ° ^ avs ' thirt tUo sliav ? s of tllc ^ TOdwtaWngs , in 45 eases oub of every loo , m at s *<» r * auums , m only three instances av & any lines below par
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Citation
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Northern Star (1837-1852), Oct. 4, 1845, page 6, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse.ac.uk/periodicals/ns/issues/ns2_04101845/page/6/
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