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Northern Star (1837-1852), 4th November 1848, Edition 2 of 2, Page 4, , A List's Daoanoi or _ Gxsr____. >.-Apo...

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      Not To >- >.J? .;. J-Irivox _ ,Hat8 Yikz...

      > - > . j ? . ; . j-irivoX _ , HAT 8 yiKZttVn DY ; n , 'T ¦ J" ¦ JjfrmWSPK ^ ^ — — - ^ ' THE ^^ KTHE RN S ^ T ^ It ^ " .:.-.:.: — - .- ¦ :: - __ ,- _¦ ,: ¦ ^— , ^ - . _ __^_____ ^^

      T< To The Working Classes. ' »Wo Rds*** ...

      T < TO THE WORKING CLASSES . ' » Wo rds *** 'Hngs . end a small drop ef ink ' . . Fslllaf—pri dew—opos a thought , produces ' . Thst which mak a ttcuiands , perhapa millions , thiak . ' Btacar .. LOUIS . BUNOSBBPLY TO THIERS . ' PEACE / tefwTpROPAGANDA . Brother Protj » arians ,

      Y Yoa will remember that when the declaration of rgb r » ghti prefixed to tbe ( new ) French Constitution was was under discussion in the Assembly , called 'Natioi tfcmal / the clause declaratory of the ' Bight to Labor , boor , ' excited a good deal ofspeech-isaldngvtbe end end of which was tbe rejection of the . clause , and file tbe substitution of a declaration of the 'r ight to asa assistance . ' On the occasion of that discussion , fiie the most prominent speaker , and most bitter opponen sent of the 'right to labour , ' was the notauoas intrig feigner Thiers . Yon will also , remember that tbe jou journals of this coantry , most renowned for their hot hostility to the working classes , were loud in their lau laudations of Thurs , for what they styled bis ' ad *

      mi mirable speeches' in'defence of property , family , and sot social order . ' Those journals also exulted that'the 3 f < Sfouatain' had produced no champion on the oppo-_ t ate side of the question worthy of being compared wi with their favourite Thiers , whose * arguments / th they declared , had not been replied to , and were , in hfatt , unanswerable . Of course , the Press-gang oi omitted notice of tbe important fact , that the most a aealons advocates of the 'right to labour , ' elected to tl tbe Assembly , were under proscription ; some bail m ' sbed , some in dungeons , and others silenced by tl the brutal hostility of the ' moderate majority . ' I But the omission of the truth is , to say the least , as ' 'easy as lying , ' and one or the other never comes

      i amiss to our 'best possible instructors . I remind you of the past , tbat I may fitly speak t of the present . The proprietors , of the Spirit affile . Age publifihed with tbat journal of Saturday last , a 1 translation of a small work just written by Lotus Biaxc , in reply to the much applauded nonsense and falsehoods given utterance to by Thiers on the Labour Question . I hope , to near of Loots Bute ' s work being published in a shape better adapted for general drculation—say a twopenny or three penny pamphlet . The enemies of Labour ' a rights take care to "widely diffuse the poison of their doctrines ; an example which should be followed by the exDormderssnd advocates of those wholesome

      truths , on the triumph of which depends the social novation of Labour ' s children . ' .. Lons Blxsc commences by declaring that he was sent to tbe Assembly by the votes of a hundred and twenty thousand electors of Paris , with injunctions to maintain the Bight to La 6 awr , an & point out the means of remedying social evils . Those electors ' share in the national sovereignty -was confiscated , 'when upon an accusation proved to be calnmnioos ,

      in contempt of a former decision of the Assembly , without a fair debate , in a single night , with indecent haste , and by a coup * etot , ' the enemies of Louis Blanc contrived to procure his banishment from the Assembly . The ' Girondists' will look queer if their proscriptioR of Bahbes and Aibert , Letns Blaxc and Catjssidieke , should hereafter be cited as a precedent to justify similar treatment of themselves ! But , as Louis Blanc remarks : — Political pasaois areblmd to consequences . '

      'Itis theheaght-of ignorance and c & Mshness , ' says Louis Bianc , * to attribute fee ruin of trade to the speeches at the Luxembourg . Those who refer all the distress and troubles of our present position to social reforms which have only been enunciated , hut never put in practice , are like the patient who after refusing the prescriptions of his physician , should charge him with . having made him worse . Questions of social reform bad agitated the proletarian population of tbe towns for a long time before

      fee February Revolution . The working , men ' enquired into the law of past social changes , to ascertain if civilisation had not yet another step to take ; and observing feat the lower classes had firetceased to be slaves , and afterwards to be serfs , irspired by noble aspirations , they asked themselves if they should not soon cease to be proletariaas , this being but a newerfortn of slavery . ' The political RepubuC ought have been tolerated , if not heartily supported , by the ooaryeoige , hut the people looked upon poli tical reform only as a means to obtain social reform .

      ' Tbii was evident tbe very'first day at the KepabUe when a working mas—bis eyes Awning fire , sad countenance pale with excitement — suddenly entered ' tbe cousd' -rooa , and mstiof hia musket ring upoa the floor , demanded , fa the same of the people , the aekndlr fedsment ofthe Right t « Labour . It wai evident also , when , on the 2 Sth tf _ fcbr _ ny , thousands «•* workmen , f trir dress ittTl soDtd with the dust of the-baxriead ** , filled the Place de Grew , with fltga inscribed witfath * words , Organisation ef Labour . Ky former colleaguEs « saot forget why they proposed a gcMrnmaUemaittio at the Luxembourg ; ner tbat it was for m long time opposed by me end Albert . ' A . conunMee of ingsirj . indeed 1-wifhoot a badger , or any other power * than speech ! 1 foresaw the conseqsenees of suehaprocaed lag . Besides , tne people rr quired a ^ nethtogfortbet ; __ tr demand was fcr'Aeiiumediate creattntefalU-¦

      —iter of ___ oar . ** ..--- - The ' conrmrsaon' was , m ftct , & tuo ; thrown to the whale . In the first revolution /' on the ever memorable day of fee taking of fee Bastule , the traitor Flesse _ t , ks wrote to Dsxadnat : 'Hold mi , while I amuse the" Parisians with cockades . ' Acting on the same policy , Lamabtisb amused fee proletarians with speeches , until he had once more Tictimised the eternal -dupes of A political impostors . Ot course Lamabtise , Auago , MABBASTjMd Co .. never intended to even attempt fee * Organisation of Labour . ' Tbe Luxembourg Commission was appointed to gain time ; doubtless with fee additional object of bringing the members ef that commission into discredit—by setting them speech-making without the means of reducing their theories to practice .

      One of the falsehoods of faction , current not long ago , was the assertieor ^ hrt-the * National Workshops' were experiments founded on Louis Blakc ' s scheme of association . The truth was the-reverse Of that statement . The ' workshops' tvere organised by Marie ia oppositinn to Lora Blikc . Only two establishments of workmen , the associations of journeymen tailors and journeymen saddlers , can bo taken as even partially illustrating fee ideas proclaimed at the Luxembourg . The saddlers' association ' is now on the high road to prosperity ; ' and the tailors' association , though the object of much __ umny and misrepresentation , ' made a considerable advance , completed several important orders , realised no mean profits , and showed how valuable is the practice of fraternal union to maintain order and activity in business . '

      Inow proceed to indicate the arguments addressed to Thiers . Louis Blanc shows and proves feat—When Thiers claimed to speak for ' society as it has been in all ages and countries , ' he thereby proclaimed his own ignorance or insincerity ; for society has not been fee same in all ages , and is not the same in all countries . Some nations have refused to allow of individual property in the soil ; others nave uot only allowed a few to monopolise t _ land , bat also to make property of their fellow creatures . Feudal society was very different to the present order of things . And even now . personal slavery and wages-slavery mark broad distinctions between society in America and in Europe . SeconoT y . itis not enough to proclaim with Thiers that ' the fundamental principle of property is Labour . " From this principle Sow two results : —

      'That all property aot derived from labour has no foundation in right ; is , therefore , unlawful . 'That all labour which dots sot lead to propeny recdresno indemnification-, is , therefore , oppressive . ' Tried by these rules existing society is condemned , for while the minority by monopolising the soil , implements of production , & c , are enabled to command the labour of the majority , fee mass of that oiajority arefoodless , clotheless , mid homeless ; although , to their labour the rich owetheirluxurious food , rich apparel , and splendid houses . ' So that * hen II . Thiers declares that in justice , 'the fundamental principle of property is Ubonr , ' . « ociety re-PBes that in fact , « the labour of one class is tke t ™™ o / jjrfffleriH to the other . "

      Tft ir % , it ia Br tTtrne , aa asserted by Thkbb , that ^ ty says to all men « Work , work , and the fraita ™ jour labour shall be for you and your children . ' via the contrary , fee majority in society finding the ° 6 ans of Ubour . monopolised by a few , can only * ork b y leave of . fee minority , and for theadvanwge of that minority . A variety of vicious laws and ^ tutions conspire to make tbe labourer fee mere ttitrarata t of production for fee benefit of Jris more for tunate feUoi . man . It is not the frurja of his * ° ourthat fee workman receives in exchange for « s to'd . but a nlary—a bribe to induce him to prorate those fruits for another . That salary reduced ? J Competition in the 'labour markefto a minimum , a barely srrfkieat to maintain life . Want of em-P'Oymeat or sickness , reduces the labourer to pau-Per ism « -often death . *&«« % , if property , i«—aa asserted by Thurs " t * right easeatialto aooiety , inherent in huu

      T< To The Working Classes. ' »Wo Rds*** ...

      _ atore , ' we should be careful not "to dehaee it by making . it . a privilege . * . . * * KM . Thubb ' s explanation of the rights of property be correct , His plain that every man without property fans short ofhis condition aa a man , since he wants feat which , is essential toUsmature . ' Hfi & fy , it is nstr tt _ e- _ s asserted , by THIEBathat the seeand prinejplaon which eociety is ta « ed ia Metal Ubittg , that a the following thst occupation which is best suited to one ' s talents ., On the contrary , the factoryworke * has bo ehoicelofoecn pation for hhchird , who equaBy without a voice In the decison which usually decide * hia career for life , must gp to fee factory , because the wanbi of hia parents , and his little brothers and sisters , command that step as a duty i There u no srjch thing aacb _ ice of occupation for the chOdrenof povertj . : The iron law of necessity—not fee neooasily which Nature has

      decreed , batfeat . which »? ieioB « social system haa created , " and perpetnataa ' . ¦ decide , the lot of fee worker * . 'Many a-man bas died on _ rnattress , after hiving lived in a garret , who had in him fee genua of an intellect that night hare governed empiree . * .. Siftify . it ii sot true—aa asserted by Thursthat it depends upon each man whether he shall be fortunate or unfortunate , rich or poof .. I am sorry I have not room to quote the eloquent tmiperfiet answer of Loots Busc to this impudent assertion of T _ i _ a »'; and I cannot bring ayaelf to be guilty of the desecration of attempting aa abridgment . But , indeed , brother Pruletaritna . it is . altogether unne cesnry to demonsbite to you the falsehood ofthe assertion feat by indnstry , prudence , he . ' yoa might aU become rich . Tour pnrations , in spite of yonr toil , sufficiently confute fee groundless assertion of yonr word-mongering enemy .

      Seventhly , tint unregulated competition , so much landed by Thixe * as the third great principle on which society is founded , ' produce calamities far exceeding these of war and pestilence . 'Forget net that competition is a caree straggle , in which every gain haa its corresponding loss , feat through every cry of joy ia heard fee groan of acme victim . Two men meet to fight a dneL There is emulation between them to cot each other ' s , throat ! Such is theemaUtionofccnipstitfon / . Ia oooBexion with thra part of his subject Loud Busc showi—unarisweraWy shows—that the dis ooveries in mechanical and chemical MJence , fee

      division of labour , freetrade , the extension of credit , and fee eantralisation of the means , of production all ojerata to the injury—at least for certain periods—ol the greater part of tfieMwurmg masses . , As regards wages fee positive improvement in one or two fortunate trades is no proof that the , mass of working men have advanced in their social condition . In other trades receiving wages nominally higher than in former year * , fee increased cost of food ; anc shelter swallows up more than fee additional mone > received by fee workman . In fee majority of occupations wages have enormously declined ; Irenes wt have increased and increasing-pauperism , proi stitution . and every variety of wretchedness ano

      enme . : -.. * . - ; . . And on the bourgeoisie the effect of competition is that' all small fortunes are . being swallowed opihy large ones . The ulturtate tendency > of this fine system is the vassalage of the mass of the bourgeoisieU < a very United ob ' garehy of powerful cspiUltsts . ' Finally , says Louis Bymoi 'Competition -tend ? to a- result contrary to fee troe Iawa of political : eco nomyrT ^ AH-rja - rMRD ^ paKSBs u th _ fowebs op r « 0 Dncjnpa rt » M ^_ c _ BB * 8 PasniHs dxcbkasi' rs the m __» or c _ S 5 UMirrow . ~ It is ufleleea to reply tbat tbe natural effect of cflBpetition is to . increaw consumption by cneapnt & s ; this is true within eer tain liraita only , namely , those which separate ; the salaried from the son-salaried chases . , One effect of s cheap market is to reduce fee jtmouht of wages , and fens fee labourer loses on the one hand what he would gain on tte otfcer . ,: " ' - ¦ ¦ "• ' : ' .

      In dealing wi _ i T _ n _ r « objection to the ' right to labour , ' Lou _ B _ ssc is equally -happy * . 1 must defer to another occasion « rtaiB commeatfllhad intended to have offered on ; Loms Buso ' i acheme of association , considered aa a . means , ef remedying the terrible evils ofthe preeent system . „ Brofeer Proletariins . - ^ Tou ar e aware of fee existence of a sect—half Quakers . balf echemers , delighting in tbe mission of expoohdingthe doctrine . of what they call ' permanent and-wntrersal peace . ' Most of the lecturers and agitatoTa of the ; . ' Peace Society' hare , been knows to . you for tome years past , as gentlemen who lirmghy ^ their . wits were net at all particular as to fee job they took is hand . so ' loog as it paid well . Aiti-Slavtry ita , '' Cheap Breaditm .

      Complete Sujfragtun ' , Chartun , Teetotditm , And-Hatigingism , < 5 anitory-2 fe / orTirf «^ . _ i , < fcc ., have all been tried in turn , aad •* ably supported '—aa -loag as themoney cane tmbJing in . f . Toth _ w worthiw the sentimental hnmhcg . 'Cf > Universal . Peaceim , patronised as that ism is . bya host of respectable oid women oi both sexes , who have more money than , wit , is a real . Godsend ; ,, and . thoseidisinterested ' 61601 x 111618 * will take care to keep the ball rolling as long as their paymasters eehtinne to find the needful . In September last fee peae » mongera held a Conference at BrntaeQs , the saw Confetenceconafsting of between three and four hundred self-elected ' representatives , ' of England ,. : Frasce , Germany . Italy , Be _ iam ^ A « neriea . * cv Qnehalfwere English

      * of whom , forty were ? ladies . ' . Their proceedings would have been . amuaingif . they had not been positively ridiculous . Almost . the only sensible man . amongst them waabneR _ B ) KD _ la Sabba , from Madrid , who , because he gave ntteranee to some common-sense sentimemls , was booted down ; and the Englieh majority refoeing to hear him in reply to seme gross attacks from a Btbrian priest , the . discomfited Spaniard shook the dust off hia shoes and quitted the . camp . Sundry resolutions were passed , which need not be repeated ,. and she proceedings CQnolad . ed trife . One of those tea-and-toast fettiyaJS , '" it WffiC & . 'Oflft JSoglish sentimentalists always show to 80 much ad 'twhg * . - ' ; - - - r - OnTue * daylastthar « aee-mdr _ ers , held a nublic mtcuvf ui icui |> id ui icuifc uuii

      ; *«» uuwnv _ » "u , Exeter Hall , under the presidency of thei Anti-pennyshaTe-of-a-Sunday ild . P . vfor . Afeton-uader-Ly & The meeting waa called to near areBOrt of ., the . proceedings of the Ccr _ rj _ y . aboTo spoken of . . In the course ofthe proceedings it was stated , that a deputation frnnthe Congress to Lord Jcnn Russell , had been received ' most ' courteously . ' ' It appears fee Premier , * expressed himself to terms of the deepest interest in reference to movementa of this kuid ; and in ( generaliermu , ) anxious to promote the peace of the "world i . .. -Tery ? general terms , ' I fancy I -1 thirk I see the little / ord wiihbia tongue in his cheek , when expressing himself arxious to promote thepeace

      of the world ! ' . When he ao expressed himself , how was it ^ hat the twaddling deputation , had not tot sense to ask ' ' his lordship' now it happened thai British soldiers are just now cutting throats in India and at the Cape ef Good Hope ? Tbe'deputatWD Bright also ha ? a IB attired why his peace-loving lordship arrayed police , ' spseaala . ' infantry , cavalry , and artillery against the working men of London , in April last , to prevent an unarmed aad peaceable assemblage walking through the streets of the metropolis ? The intelligence of tbe Exeter Hall audience will be understood , when it is stated that the report of the deputation ' s" interview wife Lord John Bussell excited ' cheers P

      Amongst the speakerf , of course , Mr Elthu Burbitt shone . . The 'learned blacksmith' came to this country to preach , peace , at the very time that his own countrymen were eommencing their unjnst and sanguinary war against the Mexicans . r ? hat business had he here ! If he . had been—to use the mildest term—a consistent man , he would have remembered fee old reproof , ' Physician , heal thyself . ' and would have staid as home to preach to his own cohnfrimen his 'tamal sing-song , ' Code is . loove . ' Why he has staid here so leng , hob-nobbing with the hypocritrcal enemies of Labour , he can best toll .. He is not fee- first quack who has found this country a capital pasturage . On Tuesday evening , be appears to have supplied fee usual dose of drawling cant he

      is ia the halit of administering to his unhappy hearers , ( fee may well be disgusted with tbe very word' philanthropy / when such a canting quack si this Yankee adrenturer mountebanks through the country in fee character of a ' philanthropist !' Dr Bqwsihg was one of the speakers . Dr Bowbikg , the nsisy champion of Polish nationality and Italian independence ! How can he reconcile his preachings of peace with his advocacy of Polish and Italian freedom ? Poland and Italy-can never be redeemed but by the aword . -This may be deplored , bnt cannot be disputed . Could these peace * mongers succeed in carrying out their , ideas , thf y would consign oppressed nations to irredeemable and boneless alaTery .

      Dr BowHnre , and other speakers , referred with great glee to the 'fraternal' visit ofthe French National Guards . This was not all A real , live ' Gnard , ' 'foUy accoutred , and wearing side arms , ' was . caught in the meeting , hoisted upon the plat form , and made to deliver himself of a speech . Why this fuss about fee French National Gnard ! The reason ia plain . : The 'Guard' riaugbtered fee proleiariaaa in Jtwt > Isat ^ tod , Aherefere , . the peaeepreaehifll Uvtgtoisie of JEzeter , Ball hailed fee visit oJafeeir 'fuUy-aeeMtre ^' ereferaofrooParif . Away with .-the cant : of these peace-Dohgers . At a time when Messina jk : in aahes , and Vienna

      threatened with—perhaps , while I wnfe sufferinga . similar doom , ' the man who goes about preach ing ' peaee'iseifeer ahypocriteora fooL . The doty of aii troe fnendiof humanity is to propagate feoprindpfcacf Deiaocraey . and to endeavour by every hoaoarahto means , to establish the ascendancy of those priscralet . When fee people have put an end to the rah ) of their tyrants , whea the fraternity of nations shaU . supersede the leaguoof Kings , then there will be peace ; bat , haa long as tyranny endures , there can be no peace between the oppressed and tbeir oppressors . I / Ami duP _ 0 p _ e . NoTember 2 nd , 18 * 8 .

      , A List's Daoanoi Or _ Gxsr____. >.-Apo...

      , A List ' s Daoanoi or _ Gxsr ____ . > .-Apoetia l _ dy sa-ya , ' A mtknsa tasvhuman being combining _ 7 i oman _ te _ aetn __ with » sum ' s oonraee . *

      Present And - Future State Op Europe. Pa...

      PRESENT AND - FUTURE STATE OP EUROPE . Part . VII . The disorder of Europe la daily becoming more complicated and alarming to all parties , without any one of them yet perceiving its cause , or having any conception of its only remedy . Until the cause shall be known te the public , and the true and only remedy shall be applied , the confusion of mind and suffering of all will increase . '

      It is evident to those who reflect and possess knowledge , that two factions , nearly equal in power , are in a conflict of extermination , and both ignorant of the cause of tbe contest in which they are thus engaged , for life or death . They know not that this is a contest of Nature to overcome errors and evils , which hitherto have reigned triumphant over the human race , and in their place to establish troth and goodness over all the regions of the world . It is a contest to destroy the princip le of repulsion among mankind , and replace it by the principle of attraction ; to destroy also that principle which creates the universal want of charity , and to introduce that principle which will ' create charity in all : that will destroy

      anger and ill-will , and fill the minds of each with genuine kindness and affection for the entire race of man . Until this change , from the repulsive to the attractive principle ; shall be made ; it will be vain and useless to talk of peace , when there caii be . Bo peace , for , now there is no knowledge , truth , or goodness , to create or support peace .- : ••• - •• : ¦• : . /¦ - =. It is impossible to have peacejOr a virtuous , prosperous , intelligent , and happy state of society , so long as society shall be based solely on a falsehood—itself the principle of repulsion , and containing all evil within its , necessary consequences . ' ¦ ¦ - ' : ¦>¦¦¦ ' ¦ ¦ ¦<¦¦ ' ¦ Y - » V

      Had it not been'for the Eevblutiort ofthe three days ' of February in Paris , the ' old falser hoods and , evils , of society might have 'tormented the human race with injustice ' and cruelty for many years ; but , rfortnnately ^ pr the world , Nature forced on 'that Revolution , which had become nec « sary' by the crimeaand oppressions : of old society , to which the industrious producers , of adl wealth could-no longer submit . ' , , ¦ , . " .-..- / . v : ¦

      • And of all the murders ^ bloodshed , and violences following , or which may follow , that Revolution ; old' society is the true cause ; the ire-action , as it is . called , h to iiphold the robbery , injustice , and murderous cruelty of this system of falsehood and- deception—a system in which the strong impose upon -and ' oppress the weak , and in which evil is called goooV , and goodeyfl , ; ' ; ' , : :. : . ' ; ' '¦' Thisglaring . ' injustice of the strimgi or wealthy members of old society , is called by them , liberty and justice . They are blinded to its injustice and crimes ,-and know not . the

      truth , or what is now their only safety , or for their happiness . . : '' ' * \ ' . '' It is tp be . hoped and reasbnar | [ y expected that men will -arise in this crisis , with mind and moral courage equal to- fee task now required ; men who' will stand between the . insane conflicts of aristocracy and democracy ; set both fa ctipna righ { , and . Induce perpetual p ^ eace , hereafter , between them . I ..,, ' . ¦ ' ¦ ' * . If this be , not done , and done speedily , woe

      to the present and to succeeding generations I With deep interest have the principles , practices , and proposed measures of all parties , iri Europe and America , been examined again arid aga _ j ;' , b _ t not one of them , after the fullest and most impartial investigation by the writer , appearsto have discovered 'the causes of good and evil ; or even yet attempted to descend td the true cause of human'folly and misery j and " without ' a .. k _ bw . ledge ' f of this cause , the remedy must remain unknown . / : '

      It is now too evident that a knowledge of rational principles or practices has been hidden from the ] present , ' as it has been from'all past generations ; and that the extreme and extensive sufferings , cteate'd by the igndrance and irrational practices of society , are / become unbearable , and : will soon force some great change npon all nations . [_' ¦ * ¦ ' j The . writer Kaving , diswyexed the cause ' . of the repulsive and ; attractive principles of humanity—of i good and evil—or of truth and falsehood ; land knowing that the abandonment of falsehood and-the introduction Of truth can 1 alone relieve fee world from the evils which all

      h ^ ohssufer ^ . or ajre atout to ^ experience ; he is most , desirous that tne : cause ' of evil should bei at once removed , and truth introduced for their permanent benefit . = -in ' - HeisawareVfrom the reprllsive character of falsehood and the attractive qualities of truth , that any attempt to unite the two principles under any arrangements , must fail , and disappoint whatever , expectations may be formed of ultimate success ; ' • ¦ '

      ¦ . He therefore proposes to the civil . and religious authorities of Europe aud America , as both have so glaringly failed to produce at any time , in any country ; truth , goodness ; or hap-, piness , that they shall openly abandon the gross , and ' most lamentable falsehood on which their civil and religious systems have been , based , and all the evil practices [ which have necessarily arisen to the human race , from a foundation so ignorant and injurious : And that they shall at once begin to reconstruct society on ' its true , foundation , by a new combination , of arrangement ' s for an improved practice over the world—a practice in accordance with the fundamental truthupon which society should be alone based . - : j ' ¦ '• • ' ¦ ¦ :

      But the civil and religious authorities of the world do not comprehend this truth , or . understand the practices wbicb < will emanate from it . For this want'of " knowledge , as , -like other men , they are-creatures of the unfavourable circumstances in which they have been placed they cannot justly he blamed , but are to be pitied for ' theierrors which they have been compelled to receive , and for the evils which they suffer themselves * and which they inflict so * severely oh bfeers .

      ifhe writer ; hy the uawftre--nat _ iai and a « yquired—which -have beetf given to him , without meritofhis own , has beenenaMed to make this glorious . discovery fok the permsaipnt happiness . of fee human race . In consequence , he is conscious that the onus , lies with him to make this knowledge soknown to the author ! ties , that they- shallnot ' only understand it , ' but be -indiiced ; 'to receive the principles and adopt the practices ., / .,, . '¦¦¦(¦ ,. ' ] This . e ' xpianatioh will account , ifor the opposition of his past life to the existing principles

      and practices of society ; and explain the reason why he has' addresSea * these ' papers to the / public , ' aud published his lkte . ' letters to , the Qd ^ of the Britkll Empire , ;( tThey ' are thus , given that the subjects , ! so-deeptyi-interesting for aU . Amay be :. more ' , fully , opened , to these authorities and to the worldl ~ * - ¦ ¦ % ; ! , ! i ;' "• Thjewritef being awarfe'tlSf ho parties ' ' y ^ comprehend how tfie / chang ^ fr bjnithe false principle to tie true ; from lie inferior and injurious practices to trje . £ upenor > and beneficial , is to be introduced and madeuniversaJ . he will , in succeeding addresses and letters , iWore amply explain this subject , ihits outline and

      detail * Hitherto the public has not been prepared to understand , that : there ! are two opposing systems of-society ; one .-based on falsehood leading to all kinds of evil , the'other based / on truth . leading"to good only : that the false sy ^ tem now exists as handed down to-us from our earliest and most inexperienced ancestors , and that , to this period , the system based on truth has been entirely unknown or imperfectly oomprehended . t " ,-- ' '' . '¦ ' * In consequence ofthe dail y increasing surV ferings arising from this false and unjust system , and especially for its cruel oppression of the industrious classes , Europe has become a volcano , and all nations are in a state of big h irrational ! excitement . In this state of igno-

      Present And - Future State Op Europe. Pa...

      rance and of feeling , France , Germany , Prus « sia , and Italy are attempting to form Constitutions and Codes of Laws , for which they are as yet totally unprepared—being without the requisite preliminary knowledge . They are wasting time and means in devising incongruities which they call constitutions , that will soon be ' as useless as waste paper . The parties engaged in making these new Constitutions and Codes of Laws , are yet unacquainted with the elements of society . They know not . human . nature ; they are ignorant of the causes of good and evil—of truth and falsehood —of repulsion and attraction ,

      among the human race . How , then ; can they understand , the principles requisite to enable them to make constitutions and Codes of Laws for the ri ght training arid governing of any portion of mankind ? Did they know the laws of humanity , the principles and practices of ioell forming character from birth , the . ekments of society , its rational construction , ' the . best mode of producing and distrir iuhng wealth , of governing locally and generally , and also possess a practical knowledge o f the

      science of the overwheUing influence cfdrqumstances over human nature ; then , indeed , they would have some ofthe elements of the knowledge requisite to give them true ideas of what a Constitution and Codes of Laws for forming the character and governing mankind should be . Yet with these acquisitions they would lack the / experience how to apply their theo » retical knowledge accuratelyandisuccessfully to practice . Experienced practical men can alone succeed in . uch enterprise .

      In the succeeding communications a rational Constitution arid Code of Laws for Europe shall be given , ; ' , " ¦¦ ' / > i .- ; " Robert Owen ^ London , November , 1848 .

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      Lambeth—Ektbhmvb R0»Beb7 6» 'P_»3_ _W> J...

      LAMBETH—EkTBHMVB R 0 » BEB 7 6 » 'P _» 3 _ _ w > Jiwiii , —_> J . TJurairi ; -jformsrly ' proprietor of the Greyhound Tavern ] Klng * ten . on . Tbar _« , was charged , on suspicion of being concerned 'id an ' extenalve rebb » ry of plate and jewtlSj from a house- ' -in Ellzafetith Place , Brixton Road . —Mrs Sneid , eirvaht to Mr and' lira Pierce , i aid tbat daring the abgincs' of rrar' master and mistress in tbe coantry abe had charge of thohoate . Ofle of her clecsB lived with ber , aod a gecoad' niece was tne prisoner ' s wife . Oa Sunday ' she spent the day at the boats of the prisoner . At about five o ' clock in the evening the prisoner went out ' , flaying he should be- baok in a few minutes . Witness remarked tbat it was odd be should leave jastaa the tea wai ready , bnt he replied that he shoald not be long , and left the hobse . He returned in about twenty nmmtoa ; dating bis absence she felt so anea * y , having a presentiment tbat all was notrlgl )* , 1 that on seeing 1 him ( he began to rcproaon herself ; for

      leaving her master ' s h * Hie unprotected , and the prisoner agreed with her , and said that it waa rattier nnfertunate her doing-so . ¦ Witness ' then went homo and fOO & oV the front do _ ¦ open , She hastened to her btdroom , where the plati chest was kept , and found it f < rced open' and its contents gene , and in her mistress ' s ' bedroom she found the-drawers In ^ which Mrs Pierce's trinkets and : jewels Were deposited forced open and emptied of their eonttnts : She sent for tbe police , and the prisoner on coming to the '_ owse we . * taken-into custody . Ser niece , the prisoner ' s wife ,- 'was aware that tba plate chest wbi deposited'in witness ' s bedroom ; and that the jewels ' of Mrs Pierce Were in a particular drawer In'her bedroom , and added tbat she , Mrs Hordes , was the only person ¦ out of tha family aware of the fact . In « ross . esamiBatlon by the prisoner's solicitor , the witness said she did not think tb ' e * prisoner had > bten absent from his house more than tweaty mlnates ';—The prisoner , who said' he knew nothing of the robbery , was remanded , - ' ¦ ' : ,.. ..

      < 80 UTHWARE —AtuatD Swihdlimo —J . Johnson , alias Moor , 'T . Bench , TV , DowdIdj , A Jacobs , and Gap * . H . Hodgson , wefereexamined , charged with swindling a great number of tradesmen . The -connexion existing between the prisoners to defraud tradesmen ef tbeir goods was first discovered in anskqaesce of the appreh-asion of Johnson , alias Moor , whioh took place in the early part of last month He had given- an' ordtr to a tradesman earned Daffsorifor etnerj BDdglBIR paper , and referred to Capt HodgSOD , whom he OBBDribid as ¦ hit uncle , for a character ,. and upon the faith of the latter person was Induced to part with bis goods . No sooner bad Johnson obtained the goods than he sold them ; and then absconded . Inquiries were subsequently instituted , when it was ascertained that Jobnsen was concerned with a gang of swindlers who bad for ¦ some length of time been . ' esgaged in acts of swindling , acting- as referjeMita , iaoa other . Several other , charges of the same ijitjd were gone into . The prisoners were remanded ) until next Hobday .:: ' . ' : ¦ . •¦ ' ;¦ .- ' . ' <¦ ¦ ' . ' '

      MARLBOROUGH . STREET . —TitJANT PoTiTO *!^ Eichard Plomo , a-journeyman , in tbe employ of Mr Artkur , baker , in Walker ' s Cjnrt , Sobo , was summoned for os : Dg ac-nslve ; and threatening language to Mr . T . Bishop , tbe keeptr of a ooffee shop , No . , Berwick iSireet , doho . The complainant stated that for the last three years he had been in the habit of sending joints of meat to ba . baked at tha oren of defendant ' s employer , On several occasions he had sent potatoes to be bafcfd ' underline-m _ at , vand many times when : the joint "* as brougbt bams : be . had / band the potatees shore in num « bars . On Toenday wo . k , previous to sending , tho' joint to be baked , he counted in . the dish . 107 potatoes jiwheai the defendant brought tho joint hnme he ( witness ) had the curiosity to count them again , and . found tbat only Slbad been returned ; j Witness thinking that some

      mistake bat occurred , wrote ai note to Mr Arthur , informing him-that 107 potatoes had been sent to this oven , ; bat only 81 had been returned . The defendant ^ aocomps ' njed by , » BOther aaas , shortly , returned , bringing with them the paper witness had sent to Mr Arthur . - The defend , ant , in a blustering manntr , asked witness if he had written the , note . Witaess . replied in the affirmative , and the defendant then called witness a liar . D-. fendant ' s language , according to , the dsscrlption of the plaintiff , was not only violent and threatening , but obscene'add disgusting . ; The defence was that , being orerbaked , the potatoes had fallen to pieces , - The magistrate said that might bathe , case , but such conduct as that of . the defendanticould not be allowed . He hm therefore . ordered to find sureties to keep the peace for a moathin fiaOeaob , , : , ; . - . < .. . . £ ¦ .. ¦! :... .-, i- ' : \ :: i \

      THAMES . — AtTEMrlED / SOICIDE IN . A POLIOB VBUi .: —OajWerfnesdBy . John Higglns , " a boy thirteen years qf i ge . -Well known to tha policafAs . as . associate of joaog / thkvea ,. was charged before Mr Tardley wi & ateaUag a ; ftoek . cpat , the ., property of Mr v " e » per ,: o 4 tho-. fijr * of Tespef and Coraer , pawntook ^ s , Ir ^ . thq-. CorStnetcleiV Road Bast . —Frflpcls Key , ; police : constable , ); No 61 oK , stated , that he was in plain clothe ^ ¦ on , ¦ Monday evening ) Jast . in tbe . Oommerciai . Road ^ ast , whe . ube saw thpprisoner , and knowing ; him to be a thief , watchedhls ptOf ceedlngs . tr The prisoner walked to Mr Vesper ' s shop and drew the , coat from off a bed which bad been placed out ., aide the . shop door for Mle . ¦ Tbe pritoner . immediately ran away , and . witness . pursned . blm aud , capt « red , bim with the ooat in bis possesslon . i-tAehopman ia tbeienploy of ; Mt . Vesper identified thecoatas belonging tohlsj

      muster . T ^ Rey said the , prisoner . bad been < in , custody iSeveral times , and waa summarily coBTio . ted in January last for ap offence of » similar , description—Mr . Yardley : said , he considered the prisoner , much . older . than betei , presented himself , and , ha had no doubt it-was for . the purpoia of evadlngt being sent for . trial . —The ; prisoner , made na defence , and was . committed to the < j House of Correction . for , three mon' . bB and hard labour . —Roche , ihe gasler , placed tbe prisoner in one of tbe | sells bftpita . self , and locke'C him up ., Rooha repirnea with . aMttu * prisoner shortly afterwards , and . op opening thajceU ; doer was ' surprised to find tho prisoner suspended by his Sicfca t handkerchief frijm , the wir ' ework over the dpor ; e was P ' erfeotlj' insensible , anu ' Roohe , wjth greaVSW-i eenceoi mind , drew oat bij ' pocket knife , end im , me r , dlfltelycntbim down . Beoheibstsntly sent . a messenger tbe

      for Mr Faffiner , lbe divisional surgeon , an , d ^ n mesnwhile obtained the assistance ' of Reelsnian , sergeant ^ , tfi ^ police van , and they both placed hjm before tb . e ; fire ih ' th ' ega ' o'ler ' a rp 6 m ., Mr FalbnerImmediatelyattend . e . d , ; and applied jtheusua ^ means ^ byeB . tor ^ suspended ^ sjril r m 8 t' ? n , Vi ® b ?? , ? °° s ^ fOwecV algn > . ' p f } lfe , and grftdu ^ ally recovered his ' sjqses . tie appeare . ' very weak , and Mr Palkne ' r directed that'Ve should . W well taksn ^ are , oiandstrictly * watched . ' ' ' Mr ' Sjaoaii tbe chief clerk ,, gave instractloai to Uspec ^ r Holmes , ol the X division , to , procure some " warm blankets ano place them round ™

      very skilfully made a rumiihg "Snot with'bUiSah . ^« jchlef , aridarter tylnglttd ' the wir ' ework which " oHJVere . d * ei wlndiow over ffie door , he placed the hana ' k ' e ' rohi ' ef rpan ^ hU' neck , and his Velght . ' caused ffie / jtnottb ' ba , y > ry Sf ^ Kio ^¦ het ' ,:,, ! 'i j > » a , . b ; eeo ' ; re ' Di 6 > efl ,, ma ) o » b 1 j WsfatbarJ iu . wkMyAtf m ^ m * wafting ™?«^ 7 |_ f . |?^ . « B Vff 6 a whlcli itiuBa that t ^ e _ v ' rsfa & 1 fi . m ^^ trfed all In his power io'brin ^ 'ttm b ' ac _' tbhonesty , bal . rTiftout ^ coeefi . .. The father was deepfy afeoted at . Vhe ' : ooc ' artenc *;;'' ' ''" ; ,: i - ¦ - ¦'¦'¦ - - ¦ - ¦ mif ; . ¦; ' ¦; . _; ' Tin : Swau : MoB | ji i Siitrit «_ . ^ . RiB ) iard tiuls' George Hankin , andQeorge , Edwaids , tnr ' eeidnn _; fellows wall 8 611 ?

      ? Z ' . r ? l ™ 2 v .- ••• - BW . jnorriraternity , , , «« charged by Jraitb , 220 jK , in active offie ' efi geaeralljmployed as one of the'deteotrte forcei ]* *& stated that about -half-past three o ' clock on Sunday" a | terriOo ' n he observed the prisoners ; of whose motions he had some previous information , gb ' dowW ' the narrow passage . »»«__ fctiTTittiopolice siatlon ' taBte ^ nej dbnreb . . tamrttateiyijioktfto WK . nhb'totiii woier at tbo atatfo ^^ fpjiowhini in ' pliin clothes , and hops ,., tha prisoners Wito & tnntlthetraicedtbeminto the obttjeh , wb » n W » pokelo " - '__ grave digger to have an ' eye ... pa them .. TlwBrisoner ^ ivla ' tooIt ^ 90 ^ B . ^ ( rhusjl the ; othe » 'tw \) went in arabn | st tne ' fe ' males in Jthe body of tne church , and where oomplalnta had . been aide _ atmany robberies ' had been pmlorilly com . mltted . When the congregation wis leaving theohurch

      Lambeth—Ektbhmvb R0»Beb7 6» 'P_»3_ _W> J...

      Davis g ot first to the door , butlos'amty went back into the crowd , and seemid to be at work with bis hand * , nponi which wltn _ B » eii-d him . When examined two kerchiefs , one sovereign , and 17 s . 8 d . in eiiver , with fourpeace in copper were found upon him . The otW two prUoner . were also taken into custody , bnt none of £% ^ \*? Z ' ? 0 * aiM by an ^ P e"onpresentat the time , A lady who bad witnessed their apprehen . W Z ^ ^ Md Hankin , said , « Tb « e S t JP % ! \^ li u ^ B" to "Wch Hankin . M t 2 ? Si tMo « quarts Wm . SL ?' : JS , _ J * AB \ 8 "'" n breast of it , has ho not a right to go to church ' u «___ i _ h ' ! Lro hf 8 r ; r ; !^* ^ d « d " e 1 " JfgS ^ Z ^ h ^ L ^ •*» . I belled , LMrsMarjAnne Brookbad been at

      . e the morning service ., and « w the prisoner Hankin lurking aboat Cap- - tain Young and bis , lady in so sosploious a manner that ¦ he was induced to ask them if they bad missed any . t iJL V ?' t had not -T * "y . tbe police gaoler , stated that after he assisted iu apprehending the pritmnershe heard them speaking ta each other from their separata cells . One said , ' It ' s all right : but we must have one . tsle or ' tis all up with us . ' ¦¦ Another said , « I was obliged , te shoulder George , three or four times be . fore hetook the office . ' Another said , 'If it . wasaot for that fellow in the plaid it would have been all goosey with us . Anothersaid , ' Yes , be . eametoo » oon , fo » l was Jaatgoisg te frisk a lady . '—Mr Tardley : What did ha meaa by all goosey , and how did he intend to frisk a lady ? ' ( Lungnter . ) Witness ; I oeiltVa 1 w ' iieoso'he

      meantlt would be ail opwitb'tbem ; and that to 'frisk ' meant to rob .- * Edw « dB do not alnd what he says your worship . It is all a made up parcel ef i nonsense . 'He ' do es , : not know a , word of what . ho is ( saying ^ Witness : Not so well as you I admit . ( L « f ghter . ) . The middle one your , wersbip spoke a gooddeal of ( langusge I could "ot understand . —Several constables of the H , and , R . dlrislobsrecegnisedtheprisonersasbeloegiogto a no-, t otioiis gang of . * mobsmen . ' Davis and Hankin bad been tried for stealing a watch , wit * others , who were transported for fifteen years , but bad the good fortune to ' escape that time . -Previous convictions , however , were proved against the three , and they were ench ; sen . tenced to three months ' hard labour .

      Asfioir . —Oeorge Thompson ,. a slight bat actirely formed ,, yoncj ? fellow , by profession a , tailor , but by practice a thief , arid a well-known associate of a well , known gang , was charged with assaulting several police ' constables Iri the following outrageous manner—H 222 : sto ' ted ' that on tbe previous day the prisoner was engaged in a row in Rosemary Lane , when witness remonstrated olvily with him , and ref nested him to go sway ; but , in answer to . his reawnstrance , the prisoner dealt him a heavy , blow on the nose , which felled him . to tbe earth , and the blood gashed out in a torrent . —Th » Prisoner : Yon He , you sir ; yon took trie by the throat and threw me into the gutter —MrYardley : Did you throw birainlo tbb mud f—Constable : No , sir . —Inspector Ellis stated that he had no sign of mud on him when brought to the station heose . —Rowley , 2 o 9 H , stated that , hearing a

      Yattlejhe made towards the direction , and saw the prlssner running at tbe top of bis speed , and calling out , 1 Stpp thief ; that ifellow has robbed me ef my handkerchief . ' Seeing nobody else running , but the prisoner , Rowley stopped him , on which 222 came up all covered wl hblbod and mud , and charged hira with the aisault , — Prisoner : There now , your worship ^ you see that fellow swears the other had mud as well as blood upon him . If he did not throw me down In the mud first , how could he have : mud ur » n him , ^ Policeman 212 :, Because you put me fiat into the mud , ( Laughter . ) Rowley pro . eeeded to state that when ho tried to secure . the prisoner he Meked at blm on the eUn * . and thighs in the most ( lavage manner . With the assistance of the constable eh the beat , whem he called , thinking two of them ; would be enough for the purpose , he endeavoured to take him to ^ be'atatioD-beuae , but without tffict , as they had to spring their rattles for other assistance . —Inspector

      Ellis said there was , another constable ; who had just arrived In a cab whom the prisoner had nearly disabled by , his violence . —7 » H , who walked with , much difficulty said that he went to the assistance of his brplher opneta . ble , and endeayoared ( o keep off the mob by Which the ; Were surrounded whilst conveying the prisoner to the station house . - '' When he came near ' tbe prisoner , the latter gave'hlm a desperate kick in" the'lower part ofhis persen , which immediately disabled him , and from which be . still suffered great agony , —Prisoner : Look at me , you sir ; Do you mean tqsay that f Why , if you do , you must ; have been , drunk , and dreamed it ., . Thefaot . is , from the time the first fellow knecked me down in tbe mud , they were all walloping ' m ' e . C . Mr Tardley senr tenced him to a month ' s imprisonment . —Thompson ' : ' Thank ybri , ' eir . It won ' t be long passing , I can daace the time out . oa my head : ' The fellow ,-who all this time betrayed the utmost ilevity iand recklestRess , was tben locked up- : i .

      • SMtoaewHO . — WilHom Suttoo , master and part . owaer of the , Mary , at present Jylag ia the Londonii > ock , Yfap . ping Basin , was charged , on a customs information , with running thirteen gallons of foreign brandy , —The ' defendent ' , by the ; advice ofblBsriloitor , Mr ' Pelham , ; pleaded ' not guilty . —Charles Case Powler , « ii officer of'excise said-he boarded the Mary on the 11 th nlt . j when the'defendant produced eleven gallons of brandy , which be said , was all he had en board and it had been entered ia bis ms . nlfe . rt , i - WUaeisloa rammagtog . fojfthei found thirteen gallons more , concealed in the bulkhead ; on discovery of which the deftndant said his wife bad purchased , it . at Brest without his knowledge , and bad stowed it away there ;—Mr Pelbam said his client suffered under a very peculiar impediment la bis articulation , which rendered him almost unintelligible , and he possibly . wannlsnndtr . stood by tha officer . It was true his wife had purchased i the brandy , but defendant was not aware of it nntil after tb ^ offlcermade the discovery , when he was informed of

      the fact by her servant . He had been lately placed under very afflicting cirbumstaBoes which were calculated to dil-je aU t _ oagbta' fit baalnew out < rf W » tnta 4 . His wife died on the voyflga and left two ehileWn 6 u board with ll o ' ono but a little Irish girl tolookafter them . Hehad bee ' n harshly dealt with in this Matter , as it appeared that certain persons kept back the representations which i he made to the board , probably because no money was . forthcoming , and—Mr Tardley said be . would not per . , mlt snob observations to be made , as they : would be tantamouat to an implication o ! the grossest misconduct somewhere . —The servant girl was then balled , and stated ' that the brandy lathe bulkhead was purchased by ber 'thiitress without her toaster ' s knowledge ^ and he did not know of ltuntlt she ( witness ) ( old him of it . Iu aaswer to Mr-Yardley ; she said she told him before it was fouud by the officer . —Mr Pelham said tills might have been the case , yet the defendant , in his grtsf , might not have heeded her , — Fined one hundred pounds or three

      rdonths'imprisonment . s "• ' ; l , WB 8 TMIKSTBB , —Robbett wim Yioiemcb . —M .. Eke was charged with being oosoeroed with others not in ' custody in stealing a silver-watch from Alien Hembrow . ' ^ Prosecutor and &> friend named . 'Triplecot , were inveigled into a house in Hack Laae on Monday night , where tbey were ¦ immediately joined by the prisoner whVloctud the door' » od declared that neither of . the men should leave nntil tbey treated her with drink . As theJproseoutor and 1 We friend were very desirous of gettiag away the latter coBsentefl to fetch some liquor , aan WflUohe was gone to procure it a man made his ap . pearanco and demanded ^ moneji -The prisoner then seized the ; prosecutor ^ and exclaimed to her ' msle com . panlOn ,- ^ Herei Temj here ' s Ms watch in his ooat pocket , '

      _> ros"c ' m'oristruggled -hard to obtain -possession of his Watch ,-bat was overpowered by i the prisoner aad the clan , 'and it was takenfrom biro ; so much force being used tbat the-watch- was broken from : the chain and seals . ; The prisoner , , who is a very powsrful woman , thenithrtw the prosecutor downand held him , while 'the ftdlow'tsoaped with his booty . The female'then left the houaej' andmpon a policeman . coming'up at the smoment'she was given into : custody * . In the . course of th «< stiugg ' tfiJC ( 'tha ! watoh the prisoner ' s mate com . panion bit the prosecutor ' siband to make him loose his hold of the seals which were : attached , and were subee . quently found by the ipollco on the fleor ofthe room . — tTheprisener <^ asiremsndedti ' - ' : I'J MANSION HOUSE . i-PoLTOAire . —H . Bramall , alios H . r _ . Beaumont ; oJfcwHi- . Beaumont , was finally ez >

      ; _ ined , < charged witb having married several ybnng women / all ef whom are now llviag . —Tho Rev Alexander . letoher stated that In the . year 1889 he married Henry ¦ Bramall to Rebeoca'Coaoh ^ in . Princes Street Chapel Deronpnrt . !! i The certificate of the marriage , which stated thati it : had'taken place on i the 18 th of August , was here produced and authenticated ;—Elizabeth Tin . ley stated that she : bad been i married to the prisoner on . Jhoifith of March , 1843 . Ho stated to herthat bis name was Henry-Edward Beaumont ; . ; and five months after the marriage he went to ses ;—BmilyiGeorgina Rose , ' whose affectidnithe prisoner had gained on the passage < to India , in the vestal in which . he was acting as . sue geori , and the was a passenger ,. ' was thol nest witness icailed . Sheistated that She had been married to ,, the : priion ' er , at the « id church in Fort WllUam , Bengal , on

      rthe . aOth-ofOaWbBriiasTv and'hadJived . withhim aftir . iwards as hia . wife—AnnaiAtoella Bland gave evidence as toiher , marriage with theiprisoner on . the 80 th of September ; IMS . andJtatea that the had lived with him tilt itfce Saturday on'whteh be was apprehended . —Wm . !_ oaoh stated tbat he -was brother to Rebecca -Coach , the priaoner ' stfirstiwifei ,, She wasi . now .. livings with , her parenta ( atLiskeard . u !! rhepriseherleft her-in April , IMS . >[ ThB < wltneaiJwre . produoea the letter which the prisMiM hadi written to his wile upon his departure , exousinit himself ft * the absence of a day or tw » . 3 ^ -Mr ¦ Wi Medland , medical agent , in . Upper Thames Street ; , statedtbat . he was married to , theprisoner ' s . wife ' ssister ,

      au 4 knaw Mm . well . He , had ; been at . , the prisoner's . house at 8 t Bllie ' e , in Cornwall , where the prisoner car ried oa the business of a drugglat . > : ' I met the prlsaaes ,, said the witness , * one day in Bishopigate Street , . and he- told . me he was surgeon to ft 7 ib _ i ; I exprested some surprise at the circumstance , knowing hit want of qua . HfioetioBj end he . assured me that he had got his certlfl . cate from Apothecaries ' Hall .. Inquiry was subsequently made at Apothecaries'Hall . upon the subject , when I » was fennd that there was no entry , of tbo name . It is supposed that the certificate which he became possessed t » f belonged to onotbor p « r »» u , whose name ha erased by a ohsmloal proeeat fer the purpose of substituting hU own . —The prisoner was committed for trial .

      Cpr» Job Sbb Chouba. — Adequate Snpporti...

      Cpr » job sbb Chouba . — Adequate snpportior those who have no means , and cannot work . Employment for those who can , and will work . Punishment for those who can , and will not work . Plain good living , and plain good sense for all—Crusra .

      General Confereimce Of The Members Of Th...

      GENERAL CONFEREiMCE OF THE MEMBERS OF THE NATIONAL LAND COMPANY AT BIRMINGHAM . ( From our own Reporter . ) A General Conference of the delegates from England , and Scotland , representing the thousands who are members of the National Land Company originated by Mr Feargus O'Connor for tbe purpo * of ameliorating the condition of the working classes , was held at Birmingham daring tbe week .

      The sitting commenced on Monday , at twelve o ' clock , in the Odd Fellows ; Hall , King Street , hut little business was done ( further than arranging preliminary proceedings ) , in consequence of the absence of Mr O'Connor , who was unavoidably detained at Great Dodford , one of the estates of the Company . The business of the day commenced by Mr Doyle proposing that Mr James Sweet , the dele gate from Nottingham , should take tbe chair . The resolution was seconded and carried unanimously , , < . Mr M'Grath was ,, by another formal resolution constituted secretary . ' .. -.. "' , ] . ' ¦ ... , Credentials were tbjen presented by the following delegatos from their several districts : — ; . ., ; . List of Delegates . > /

      Mr Robert Rider , Bradford ; Mr James Bolton , Oxford 5 Mr Kydd , London ; Mr Millwood , London ; Mr Isaac Isherwood , Preston ; Mr William Munday , Northampton ; Mr Thomas Saunders , Winchester ; Mr James Torkinson , iStockport ; Mr Thomas M . Wheeler , O'Connorville ; Mr William Brook , Blackburn ; Mr Skevington , Derby ; Mr Duncan Sherrington , Glasgow ; Mr James Taylor , Ashton ; Mr John Ashforth , Bolton ; Mr Edward Mitchell , Roch - dale ; Mr J . Scott , Lynn ; Mr John 'Turner , Sbef . field ; Mr George Burnett , Hull ; Mr James Sweet ,

      Nottingham ; Mr John Shaw , Leeds ; Mr P . J . O'Brien , Cheltenham , ; Mr T . Flood , Tiverton ; Mr H . Hyatt , Bristol ; Mr G . Holloway , Worcester j Mr T . Edwards , Teignmouth ; Mr J . Sutton , Manchester ; Mr Daniel Donovan , Manchester ; Mr Jeremiah Yates , Hanley ; Mr Martin Jude , Newcastle ; Mr A . J . Fassell , Birmingham ; Mr John White , Leamington ; , Mr : Green , Leicester ; Mr James Nisbett , Newcastle ; Mr John Bentley , Huddersfield ; Mr Benjamin Southworth , Burnley ; Mr David Morrison , Swindon ; Mr Joseph Linney . Bilston ; Mr Wells . Marsden . -. ,-

      Mr Ci-aek suggested the propriety ofthe Confeference adopting the hours of meeting formerly ia use—namely , to assemble at nine o ' clock in the morning , and adjourn for dinner at one till half-past two , then re-assemble and sit till five o ' clock in the evening . He would move _ resolution to that effect . -. ; ,:.-. .- ,.-Mr Donovan seconded the resolution . ' Mr M . Jode moved an amendment , that the Conference sit till six o ' clock . ' ! ¦ . , ¦ I rThe ; amendment having been seconded by Mr White was , after acme discussion , carried . ; Mr Ci < ARK then proposed _ uresolution , 'That speakers , in introducing a motion should be confined to ten minutes ,, and , in general discu 3 sion to five minutes . ' This he thought would , by abbreviating speeches , expedite the business of the Conference .

      ; Mr O'Brien said , that in some cases it would be impossible in the time proposed by Mr Clark ' s resolution to explain the objects which many memoes * ( and he for one ) had to introduce . Mr White seconded the resolution , which vm carried unanimously . v : n Mr Sptton moved , — ' That , an authenticated re-, port of , the Conference should be .-prepared by the Secretary , and circulated amongst the members of the Land Company , in order to do away with a repetition of the misrepresentations which had been disseminated on former occasions with respect to ; their proceedings . ' . MrHoM-ewAY seconded the resolution . '

      Mr Clark informed the Conference that measures were , taken by the directors to obtain a foil and correct report of their proceedings , which , would appear in the columns of tbe Northern Star . A gentleman was present from , the office of that journal , f / hsse duty , it would be to furnish thi public with an accurate report , which might be referred , to by the members of the Land Company . In addition to this ; they- would have an accredited report from the Secretary of , the Conference , which would embrace the minutes of their proceedings , and the resolutions agreed , to by the Conference . While npon his legs , he would suggest that they should confine themselves te preliminary . business ghat day , and take the discussion npon the protramme submitted by the directors to-morrow .

      Mr O'Brien moved , — ' That * committee , consisting of seven individuals , should be appointed to try all cases of disputed elections . ' Mr Edwards seconded the resolution . Several delegates suggested , that the number of delegates upon the committee should be limited to five , and Mr O'Brien baying consented to adopt the suggestion ,-the resolution in its suneurM form vm passed . The following delegates were then appointed the Election Committee : —Mr O'Brien ,. . Mr Edwards ,, Mr Linney , Mr M . Jude , and Mr Holloway . . Another resolution was passed , providing for the i attendance of the members of the Election Cora- , mitteeat the general deliberations of the Con-, ference . ,

      A long discussion , ensued as to the propriety oil Mr Donovan introducing to the notice oi the dele- - gates the case of , an allottee upon one of the estates s of the Company . It , was finally decided that thee matter should rest over , until to-morrow , when thee case would he disposed of . The Conference , then adjourned tiil nnie o ' clodck next day . . . ( . . , ' TUESDAY . The , Conference , rerassembled this morning , ami nine o ' clock , and the names ofthe delegates havingig been called over , , . . . The minutes of the previous day's proceeding ^ were read and confirmed . -.

      Mr Ciark called attention , to a matter which b _ ta thought ought to be . referred to the Election Com-mmittee . They were all aware tbat by the constittUa tion of the Company , certain .. districts wereem < m . powered to return delegates to the Conference , bubul in no case bad it been considered lawful forannn ; body of individuals to constitute themselves into to ] district , returning & representative . He woultul therefore move , — ' That : the return from O'Cotfon norville be submitted to the Election Committee . ' e . ' . Mr Wheeler said , tbat this was not a case of of disputed . election , but a question , involving . a gres ; tes principle . The allottees' upon the estate had setset him . there to } look after their , interests .- TheThe had : furnished him . witb < instructions having refejefei eacetothe leases ,, and . i to . other matters , and Id hi thought . that , no objection could be urged to thethe being represented in the Conference .

      . . Mr M ., Jodb thought U . onjy pjoper thatMtW Wheeler . should , be present , if not as a delegate , te , i least as a . deputy , from O'Connqrvillej without tit tt liberty . ofvo . ting . i .. ... ;¦ :.. Mr CtARK sftid , that , no , objection could be entente ! tainedto persons being there as deputies , but wh wh he and th ^; other directors protested against w _ wii that any twenty-five or similar body . of men shouhoul by their representative , have , as much right , in thn thi Conference as . districts mimbering one or two tho tho sand members .. , T , bis would be a most uneqineqi system of ,. representation ., That was . one ground uud objection ; another existed in the fact , that tht thti men had constituted themselves . If they pr pii mittedjhis ; breach of their rules in . one-ease , tie , tl would , fin (| districts . pf . twfinty . fiye persons rising sing

      every direction . If they made rules they oughtight be . abided by .. He scarcely , thooght it would ould consistent , with ; , any-principle of reason or commomKi honesty , to . permit the allottees through their repr repi sedative !) io say what repts . they should pav , pav „ whether . they should pay any . at all . It must note not ; forgotten that there . were , other interests besii besiu j ^ ftse of the . allpttee ? fo . „ fte , consulted . They toey It thqGoppany to consider alsoi . They did not snot sn to deprive ! the . . aiipttees ^ of , any rights , but ' at \ at ( I same time he . thoughtthe force oi the objectionstionsi had urged would , be seen and appreciated . Th Thi persons w ^ e already represented by the delegdeleg ; from the district , and to permit Mr WheiWhetK to sit there , would be . giving , two votes inst instt of one .

      After , a . few observations from Mr Wheuseuii Mr M . Jtjde rcoved ,, and Mr Nisbet secondetondem motion , — ' That the Conference do not entertain irtain . election .. of , Mr Wheeler , as a delegate , but that thn permits him a seat without a vote , in order ordeii ¦ watch over ihe interests of the allottees at O'Ot O'CC norville . ' The resolution was carried . The cbnespohdenee from tne seven ! disti distiti throughout the country was then read . Mr Donovan then proceeded to lay beforebeforee Conference the case of Mr Bradihaw , one ofee oil allottees . He ( Mr Donovan ) had not been iatn iai session of the facts of the cue uttil vest * yettcc

  • Citation
    • Northern Star (1837-1852), Nov. 4, 1848, page 4, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse.ac.uk/periodicals/ns/issues/ns2_04111848/page/4/