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Northern Star (1837-1852), 5th January 1850, Edition 2 of 3, Page 1, YM^LjyjT, LCTOH, SATDMAY; «ia^^

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    • Z,f Those who will not tale a pari for the attainment of tteirpolitiealrights, when thetrade of the country is good, Shall not be considered as Qmrtestswheh jttie trade is had."
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      Z,F Those Who Will Not Tale A Pari For The Attainment Of Tteirpolitiealrights, When Thetrade Of The Country Is Good, Shall Not Be Considered As Qmrtestswheh Jttie Trade Is Had."

      Z , f Those who will not tale a pari for the attainment of tteirpolitiealrights , when thetrade of the country is good , Shall not be considered as Qmrtestswheh jttie trade is had . "

      -. I .•;-« Unite, Unite, Jre Chartists B...

      -. i . •; - « Unite , unite , jre Chartists brave , tC * I « t tie'I ^ d ' ydurwatchword be ; ' -- Scoot , oh ! scont , - « lieservile sla-rei " -: o - - tniatcrdnelieswhenlieniaybefiree . * ? " Bplike heroes at the despots , . ; ., " . £ ; BcfcnomoretbetjiOTtfsIiand ; : ^ ;„ ¦ - ' " ¦ ; ¦ leave your pauper workhouse me » s pots , - ' ¦ " . Arid live like freemen on ypur " . land ; .- ; -.. - - Thenfree trade willbea blessing . "Whenriuuican work , andeat , and play ; " : "WhenshBpherds cease to live by fleecing , * Then each flock its own will pay . "

      To The Tv Obking Classes. 1 . - -Mx Gint...

      TO THE TV OBKING CLASSES . 1 . - -Mx GintDBEif , — Tou see that no ingratitude can sever our connexion . Again , at the beginning of the year , 1850 , 1 call you my children , because lowever the folly , ; the ignorance , or selfishness of some may have attempted to sever bur coniienon , I trust that I have created such a nnion as will break down all opposition to national progress , a progress that will represent « s So the world as a really happy and united family * My children , I wish you a happy new year , ; and I p ledge myself now—in the twenty-eighth year of my servitude—to use my every exertion to insure it . I adopt the motto at the head of

      thy letter from the Jdnd address of my Keighley " friends ; and have I not often told you that the greatest detriment to our cause ,, was that policy which induced the satisfied libourer to say "Letns alone , we are happy and contented ' " while the same man , when dismissed jrom"his employment , was the first to shout « 2 Jow we are readyi lead us ^ pn to death or glo ^; " ^ Is no * sac ^ x * policy very much like that of the arcMtect who wouldundertake to build a house wMJBBWfiStenahvT .: and . is there another instance upon record Of any architect adhering firmly to his plan for twenty-eight years , although the materials have not been supplied ?

      Sty children , a great many architects are now attempting to juggle yon with the hope of erecting a sound and stable edifice for your order , while I tell you , that their object is to make you furnish the materials to erect their own mansion ; but if I stood alone , I would resist the design . E verv newspaper is now commenting npon the past year , and anticipating the great good ihat 'is to arise in the present . We are told ¦ of the quantity of gold and silver that has arrived in Southampton , and other ports ; we are assured , that the revolutions which

      paralysed trade and commerce for the two past ; years , have passed away , and that we are to anticipate a glorious 1850 . Have you benefitted by the influx of gold and silver ? and , lowever revolutions abroad may be suppressed in many instances by the treachery of those who created them , and in some by the treason of those who promised to carry out the objects ¦ w hich they were created to attain—have you been benefitted by any one of these

      revolutions ? No , not one ; but yon will be benefitted bv the revolution of mind against brute forceof knowledge against bigotry and intolerance —and of justice against injustice : and that is the revolution that those who have heretofore lived upon your dependence , dread . They are 3 iow seeking to marshal y ou as the army to iJcrht the BPH-inoG Protectionists , while they Trould unite to a man with those BUix-ntOGS , if the nnion was necessary to produce your serfdom .

      My children , I tell you now , for the oneihousandth time , that the employed and the employer never can unite so long as machinery remains unadjusted . 'As well may the lamb -with the tiger unite , The mouse with the cat , or the lark with theMte . ' And , much reviled as my plan has been—by which J hoped to see my family made a truly happy family—and opposed asithasbeenby ihe Press , the Government , and your taskmasters—I will never cease my ^ agitatipn for the application of the land to its legitimate purposes , until I see every man , displaced by artificial labour , located upon the land of his birth .

      In little more than three weeks , the showtox opens again . I will support the Parlia-Tmentary Reformers , because I have confidence —full confidence—in the leaders of thatparty . I will support them to extinguish the charge -of popular folly that may be urged as a reason for that party assuming a hostile position ; but I will propose THE "WHOLE CHARTER , 3 TAME JLND ALL , and the REPEAL OF 'THE UNION . And although neither yon 3 ior I can command the ; ear of the Press , yet I will make your voice be heard where it must l > e trumpeted to the world .

      Tou never witnessed—nor did England ever - witness—such a ferocious parliament as that Tvhich is about to assemble . All will spoutdemocratic principles , in order to catch the democratic mind , but , with your assistance , I will take care that it shall not end in mere diound . Thecabinetis to here-constructed—Russell 3 ) eing anxious to secure the balance of power against the Okey party , while you may rely npon it , that Peel and his expectant toadies

      ¦ will be on the look-out . Now , let me implore of you not for one moment to imagine , that any minister acts upon any other principle -than that of selfishness , vanity , or ambition ; . and let me assure you , that either Feel , Rus-• Sell , or Stakeet would adopt every point of -the People's Charter to-morrow , if they were certain that its adoption would preserve their ^) owcr ; and their only doubt is based on your disunion , and the controlling power of-those -who have command of machinery .

      My children , ne man has sympathised more ihan I have with the people in the several conijnental countries who have attempted to establish their just rig hts by revolution ; but no Tnan has grieved more , that their tyrants had Jtept them in that hopeless state of ignorance Tshich compelled them to substitute physical -for moralpower . The triumph of moralpower aiever can he extinguished while the triumph « f physical force ever ends in the increased persecution of those who have achieved it .

      Now , you require no such instrument to achieve your rights ; you are armed with more ¦ practical knowledge than the people of any other country in the world , and you who fail i » develope that knowledge effectually , and not -the Government or the system that tolerates its spread , are to blame for its misapplication . "When men spout fury , ask them if they have « ot a musket 1 and are ready to take the lead in the conflict ? and , then , as my Keighley -friends have told you , you will understand the difference between mock and real Chartists . There is nothing on earth more easy to the speaker , or more cheering to his audience , -than the assurance of devotion or self-sacrifice

      if necessary ; but I have ever found that the greatest talkers are the most backward performers . My children , yon see that Mr . John O'Connell has surrendered his seat in Parliament , and that two Protect ionists are in the field * to contest the honour of representing the city of the " "Violated Treaty . " He abandons Ms parliamentary doty in the hope of trafficking in his profession , whereas I wholly abandoned that profession ,, when it was highly lucrative , to

      serve your order by changing the laws under which you suffer : and now I shall tender my unpaid professional service to any sterling candidate who will oppose the Protectionist competitors ; and I tell you more , that I will cam him , too , in spite of all opposition . My children , lam rejoiced to find that the programme adopted by the metropolitan Conference has met with your approval ; and , as I never wish to be outbid b y compet itors or opponents , I propose that a national Conference Ja il meet in London at the same time that the Parhamentary / Reform : Conference is to takeplace . This is necessary , nay indispen-

      To The Tv Obking Classes. 1 . - -Mx Gint...

      sable , that our new associates may understand that we have not abandoned our principles , or lost sight of the machinery by which we propose to carry them out ; and I should : like to see that Conference composed of thirty English and Scotch ,- and fifteen Irish members ; and I undertake to say , that the' poor Irish would subscribe enough in one day to pay the expenses of those delegates . I think that you will-see that such a confederation is indispensable , in order to enable the people of both countries , whose . interests are identical and inseparable , to unite upon a thorough understanding for a thorough reform of the present representative system .

      You must never lose sight of the fact , that the ungenerous use made of the Irish people by their leaders , has been the main prop of governments professing liberal principles ; while you must . understand , { that that false and iniquitous delusion has now vanished and for ever . ; The Irish people being a wholly agr icultural race , understand the value of land better than you do jand that ; they , are . not wholly ignorant of coming events , you ^ wiil gather from the fact , that , although iri > a state of abject want and starvation , they , cannot be enlisted in the ranks of the BULL FROG

      Protectionists . Does not this fact show you , that they are prepared to saner existing trying grievances , in : the hope of destroying the hellish feudal system under which they have led a lingering life of torture ? Cobbett has told you that a good thing cannot be repeated too often , and I have often told you that ¦ " the folly of to-day is the wisdom of the morrow ; '' and in proof thereof , let me tell you-that in 1822 I printeda pamphlet in Ireland , showing the then state of the country , and describing five grievances which

      should be remedied . Three thousand copies were printed : the High . Sheriff of the city of Cork seized them all . In that pamphlet I complained of the Grand Jury system—of the Tithes being taken in kind—of thei system of single magistrates sitting in their parlours and administering justice—of the Middleman system—and of the then Constable system . Well , I was obliged to fly my country ; the pamphlet was submitted to high legal authority ; and as truth was treason in those days , he gave it as his opinion that the matter was treasonable . But mark the truth of the

      maxim , that " the folly of to-day may , be the wisdom of the morrow , " when I tellryou that within a very few years Parliament -abolished every single grievance of which I complained ; that is ,, substituted other laws in the place of the existing ones : while , if tried , I would have been condemned as a Traitor for having exposed the injustice . My children , let me now predict coming events . Again I tell you—as I told Parliament

      in 1848—take away tithes to-morrow , and the parsons' loyalty would follow it the next day ; reduce the landlord ' s price of land , and his loyalty would go after it . I was mocked at for my definition of loyalty , when I stated that I cared not whether the Pope , the Devil , or the Pbetendeb . was upon the throne , provided the power behind the throne was greater than the throne itself ; and now mark my prophecy in the beginning of 1850 .

      The Protectionists are mad . Lord John Rcssell ; -is trembling ; and the Money-lords " are squeaking , though hopeful : and all understanding—though not ceding to or obeying —popular knowledge and popular power , will bid for it , in the hope of basing their strength upon popular confidence and support . And at a general election each party will have its " CRY ; " but from no TEAR will the

      veritable labourer derive the slightest benefit or consolation . The Catholics have been juggled by EMANCIPATION . The Nation has been juggled by EEFOKM , and the Working Men have been juggled by FREE TRADE . This was a Trinity in Unity from which you derived no benefit ; the next will be a disjointed Trinity , from which you may extract perfect Unity , by being firm , resolute , and determined .

      My children , again wishing you " a happy New Year , " and assuring you that I would rather crack stones on the road side , in this shivering season , than abandon your cause , or surrender one bristle of the animal ; and assuring you that I will discharge my Parliamentary duties as zealously as any member in the House , and trusting that you will be prepared for the coming struggle , I remain , Your sincere and affectionate Father , Feargvs O'CONNOR .

      Shabman Cbawford On Protection. "Every D...

      SHABMAN CBAWFORD ON PROTECTION . "Every dog will have his day , " and now for Shaiuxan ' s . We have stated , over and over again , the fact , that there is not such a landlord in Ireland as Shabman Ckawfoed , while , to his glory he it remembered , that he is not afraid to trust his property to the

      keeping of the Chartist system , having seconded Mr . O / Coiwob's motion for the Charter , last session . There is not a Member in the House who has so truly and understandably defined the inevitable result of Free Trade , if the change was not met by the timely and prudent —nay legitimate—concessions of thelandlord ; but his sound theory has been mocked by the BULL PROGS , who , unlike him , were hot prepared to meet the change in an honest , reasonable , and straightforward manner .

      Shabmak CkattTOBD—as we have before stated—never oppresses his tenants , " and , therefore , stands in no dread of their vengeance ; and now we invite the reader ' s strict attention to the following extract from his able review of the position of landlord and tenant : — It Las always been my opinion that the estimate of rent should be based upon a consideration of the productive powers of the soil , according to its qualities , appropriating to the landlord , lor the use of the land , an annual amount , equivalent to bis fair proportion of the produce created , after allowing the tenant bis fair proportion of the products , for management , tor labour , and capital employed in the

      culture and improvement of the soil , and for all other charges which he might be liable to pay ; and that , at e * ery sew settlement of rent , whether of rise or fall , these principles should be uniformly earned out These are the views which it has been my object to adhere to on all occasions in which I have been called on to estimate rent . But , however justly a landlord's proportion may be arranged at any particular period , by the tenant being made liable to pay a certain annnal sum in money , as representing a certain proportion of produce , that proportion , so arranged inmoney , may cease to represent a just proportion of produce , and may become entirely the reverse of a just proportion , by a change in the markets . Therefore , it is my opinion that every letting of land ; in any form ,

      whether for a longer or shorter term , should be subject to a re-adjjstment of rent—according to the variations of the prices of produce—either annually , ' or from time to time , as may be agreed npon ; and this becomes the more manifestly necessary , on the plainest principles of justice , when laws are repealed which were passed by the Legislature for the purpose of raising prices , and for the ulterior purpose of upholding rents . These laws were , in my judgment , mest justly repealed ; but when , by the consequences of that repeal , the tenantry class were left to unlimited competition with the industry of the world—as they most iustlv should be—they are entitled to be assured that thev

      should not be swamped in the exercise of their industry by payment , in the form of rent , of an excessive proportion of Sieirproducts . At the same time , it is my belief that the present low pricss arise from a peculiar combination of circumstances , which , by their united operation , have puUed down prices in the present year , but which may not continue to operate in future years . The views I have expressed in the foregoing observations , 1 am desirous to carry out practically with my tenants ; and , for this purpose , I have mquired into the rents charged on the different parts of my property , on land out of lease . Therents on some of these h » ve neen charged according to valuation

      Shabman Cbawford On Protection. "Every D...

      by myself ; in others / according to a valuation by a ' profe * sional valuator . The former were estimated ata low scale of prices , and . would not generally " require much change ; but the latter appear to me tohavebeen ' valued at a higher range of prices than I consider amiable to the priee » now obtainable for agricultural profiuce * A Ihave observed , with regret , that an , agitation , is mow being excited from certain inflnential quarters , the object of which is to induce the tenantry of this country to believe that the pressure which they , now feel arises solely from the repeal of the protective duties , and that no remedy can be found unless by a return of that system — and' tins'ia the face of the indisputable fact that in the years IS 35 and 1836 prices of corn were lower than . they are at the present time , notwithstanding the existence of a high prohibitory duty at that period . Now , whilst'I am of opinion that the tenant should be protected , on the ^ matter of rent , against tho effect of low prices , if they should continue : I am

      equally decided in my behalf that it is perfectly competent to the tenant to have ample returns , even at the present prices , under a full exertion of his industry , and an improved system of farming—provided the rent is justly-proportioned to prices , and the tenant has a fair security for tho value of labour and capital expended , by the terms of his tenure . On my own estates , whilst there are many examples of iudustry ; and farming of the highest order ,. yet there is great room for improvement in the general system ; of culture , by which the pro ' ductive-powers of the soil would be immensely increased . *' But this enterprise and " exertion on tije part ofthetenant . cannot be expected ; unfc less he is assured on . the two .. points I have , already stated namely , a fair rent audfiill security , by tenure or'btherwise , 'for all value created ^ ajjuyndustry . '~ WitnTegard to these ' " points ! ain willuigro do my duty ; and : if : th ' e tenant , does bis duty to himself . 1 have no doubt that the elements ofhis prosperity are at his own command . ' . " . ::. ' ' ?

      The foregoing extract is in perfect ¦ accord ^ ance with our own views , and in perfect unison with the motion submitted to Parliament , in 1834 * by . Mr . O'Connob , navnely : —¦ . i V That nil leases be made in perpetuity : at » , cokx resw , and that , in all cases where land is now held upon lease at too high rents , the value to be estimated by an impartial jury , in the same manner as the' Crown- and corporations are empowered to estimate the value ; of buildings , or other property required for national or corporate purposes . 1 That was Mr . O'Connor ' s proposition in 1834 , aud ere long it must be adopted as the law of the land , as no farmer will expend his capital upon an uncertain tenure , at a rent measured by landlord-caprice or necessity , or the cultivators' hope or : folly ; and no landlord has a right to measure the value of his land by any other standard than—hot by the anticipated—the real value of its produce . .

      All this exuberant hope of things settling down , and coming to a proper level , may be satisfactory to those who can wait patiently for the settlement and level ; but the maxim , "Live Horse and you ' ll get Grass , " will not satisfy those who have hot the means , of living till the expected satisfaction arrives ; and , in confirmation of Sharman Crawford ' s assertion , we again warn the landlords , that escapefrom utter rnin wholly depends-upon applying their land to state necessity * -by bringing it into the retail market , and thus , according to the principle of politicareconomy , open a channel so wide , now that all others are closed , that will allow all nature s children to suck at nature ' s pap . -

      '£! • ¦" ¦ /3jii7 , Iiifivjti%\! !' -' -...

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      Ym^Ljyjt, Lctoh, Satdmay; «Ia^^

      YM ^ LjyjT , LCTOH , SATDMAY ; « ia ^^

      "Alas! Poor Country, " Almost Afraid To ...

      "Alas ! poor country , " Almost afraid to know itself . " ; ,,. "A true labourer earns that he eats , gets that he wears , owes no man hate , envies no man ' s happiness , glad of other men ' s good , content under his own privations ; and hie chief pride is in the modest comforts of bis condition . " — Shakspere . ' . ' ; . ' ., ' . ' ¦ ,: i ' -K

      TO THE IRISH PEOPLE . Friends and Countrymen , In little more than a month from the time you read this letter the show-box will open , and the several jugglers ; all of whom live upon ^ pur sweat and your blood , are preparing , for the ^ THlMBIJE-KI < J * and , as to-beforewaraed is to be forearmed , make up your minds not to expect any , the slightest benefit from any measure passed by any party , however inviting and seductive the promised results may be . ' ¦ '

      M y countrymen , never forget the good old maxim , that " what is to be done for the people , must be done by the people ; " and never forget the " Great Fact , " that however exuberant the promises of any faction or all factions have been , when they were looking , for your co-operation , as a means of preserving their own power , that not one Government has ever passed a single act calculated to confer a particle of benefit upon your order .

      I hope in this letter to conclude my analysis of the People ' s Charter , and then , before Parliament meets , I shall have an opportunity of addressing four letters to you , which shall be upon the subject of the land , your right to have possession of it , how to gain the possession , and the benefit that its proper cultivation , when the people are interested in its improvement , would confer npon 'all other classes , who , although they may never see the land , would be bettter employed , better remunerated for their labour , and fed hetter by those who cultivated the soil , ;; In my last letter I promised to define the question of

      EQUAL ELECTORAL DISTRICTS more ; minutely , hut I would consider it an insult to your understanding to presume that the iniquity of the present system is not sufficiently understood , and therefore I shall conclude the consideration of this question with one single observation . What think you of England and Wales , with a population of sixteen millions , having five hundred representatives , while Ireland , with a population of eight millions , that is one-half , has only one hundred and five representatives ? I now come to the question of

      JfO PROPERTY QUALIFICATION , and for which I would substitute mental qualification , resting satisfied that members chosen by a class whose interest would then be identical , and not antagonistic—would make brains , and not pockets , the test of qualification ; and always bear in mind , that one of the grand results of the People ' s Charter would be , to make laws in harmony with the mind , and the requirements of the existing generation , instead of an improving mind being governed , or rather trammelled and suppressed by barbarous laws , enacted by

      ignorant barbarians . When I say ignorant , bear in mind , that at one period , neither mental nor money qualification was required , and then , as now , members taking their seats were required to sign two large books , and it is an irrefutable fact , that scores of those members attached their marks to their names written by the clerk , as they could not write a word . But not to recur to barbarous ages , let me analyse _ the present system for you . On the Treasury bench sits Lord John Russell , the Prime Minister of England , and

      representative of the wealthiest city in the world ; he is only required to possess 300 Z . a year : next to him sits the prodigal son of a Peer , who requires no property qualifiation at all : next to him sits the disinherited eldest son of a qualified gentleman , and he requires no other qualification than to swear that the father , who has disinherited him for vice and dissipation , is worth 300 / . a year , if the son represents a borough , or ' 600 / . a year if he represents a county : next to him sits a pauper who has borrowed a qualification : next to him sits a member for Scotland , who requires no

      property qualification at all , although the man who votes for him must have a qualification : next to him sits a member for one of the Universities , Oxford , Cambridge , or Dublin ; he requires , no other qualification than his supporters' belief in his bigo < a ? y : and next to him sits the representative of a bankrupt count y in Ireland , who must have 600 / . a . year . I do not think that such a picture re-

      "Alas! Poor Country, " Almost Afraid To ...

      quiresifdrther illustration' than its simple pre ^ sehtatioii ^ to jtheiriiosf simple mind ; but' let me show yon . h ^^ . against an jpdep ^ be ; bribed !^|;; !^ " \^ * i ^^ ' : ?; : ™ When . 1 was ^ returnVd for '„ ' my ; native county .. a second time ,: the miriisters ' and the O'Connell party , were most violently opposed to me . I was petitioned agaihstVfor -want-of property : qti « Kficat 5 ony whichreqnu ; ed < . to ; b 6 < £ 60 d a year . n Twfr © f Mr > O ' . ConDell ' sfcsons , profes ' sSng : T , to : understand ' ,: the animus of m ^ bers shelter Jnan I did ,: requested to be I allowed ; to , ; strike . / my ,. committee ; ,. that , is ; to choose eleven oM ' q ^ I acquiesced . ; j'Before'ih ' at . ' cqmmitteeT proved property of' £ 1 ; 200 a-VbHr . ' fbrthree lives renewable ' for .

      ever , *< J 7 o a-year . for my . life , while I was making between £ 800 and £ 900 a-yearl of niy ' domain ^ which I held for ninethbusand / nirie hundred and ninetynine years . ^ Mr . bodkin was going into the house to stand , the . ball 6 ^ wheh ' ; : Mr ., 01 Gonnell-stopped ; him at the dopr , atf < t said he ; had ,. better , ; , npt go , | jnvas they-wanled / to ^ geii '' rid' ^ b' ^' nie . .. ^ This Mr ., / Bodkin mentioned-tome in presence oragentleman r whp is still a me ' m |||^^ ^ 1 ^^^ i ^^^ Sl ^^^^ W & ^^^ noi owe a fractioiij ^^^ lnori ^ gew the , estate oM 375 , " « Major : Macnam ; aTa-was' on'tlie ' comniitte ,. and gaveithe ;; casting vote iagaihst me . ; Mr . Parker , a member of the present ; government ,

      was on theeommititee . jand < voted for . me , and told me ; that he ' never fieard . ; a more unjust decision ; h 6 wever , I was ousted , ^ and tb ; prove to you my love of principle , an election" for tho . town oi Carlow taking place very shortly afterwards , Mr , 0 'Council offered me one hundred guineas to net as counsel for Mr . Raphael . . : ! refused , ' and told him ; that I would go at my , ow » ' : expense without any fee for a Repealer . ; ., -: ^ . ^ . i-ii ^ ikiiij ; ( = • : ¦ V * tr < - > h . ¦ . - ¦ ¦ My countrymen ,. what do you ; think of , a .- man without shoes being qualified to sit as a Scotch member , while the . man . who votes „ for . . him must have a qualification' ? "If mind not money was . the

      qualification , a -sagacious , an intellectual , and an interested people would select a sagacious and intellectual member , who would bo the reflex of sound opinion / instead ofi as . ; riow the mirror , ' ofha domineering privileged order . , But there , is nowvknowr ledge upon every . passing breeze , and tyrants ; may rely upon' it , that if it , is not properly directed , . it will one day burst upoh'the ' nt with a tremendous crash , as the peopleas heretofore . will not again'be excited to establish the power of their oppressors upon the pretest of mock promises and high professions . I now come to the last of the points , namely : —¦ ;; .. ; jv-s ;¦ --. ; -,. : ;; -- ; ' ; . '

      PAYMENT OP MEMBERS . . This is , one of , the most essential points : in the People ' s ' CnABTEis , ' and . is , based upon . Divine Right , as we are told that . ' the . ' " labourer is wortliy of his hire "~ that man is to live in the sweat of his broWj arid that if he will hot work neither shall he eat , and as' no duty , ' when honourably and attentively performed , ; is more ; laborious - than that of a raemberof parliament—the member ; should be paid . And , then , instead of . as now , having important questions affecting the lives , the properties , and the expressions of growing opinion , decided by a fifth or sixth of the House of Common ' s , instead of having

      a hundred or s 6 travelling upon the continent , scores receiving leave of absence upon the ground of ill-health , scores shooting and hunting ; aad hundreds ; entertaining large parties with sumptuous fare , and others pairing off for thesesaion ; instead of such , a system , ; then : you . would : find that the labourer would make himself worthy of hishire . Biit ^ above all things , payment of members is necessary , if labour ^ the foundation ' of wealth , is to be represented , as the working man whose family depend upon his labour , cannot leave his last , his lapboard , his anvil ; his loom , 'or his bench , if he is not to be requiteifor his labour otherwise bestowed .

      It is very . well for : those who live upon the labour of others , and live in idleness , too , based upon the survile support- that " they gave to the minister , scoffing at what they ' call the degradation . of ^ ad mitting working men into the jHouse . of Commons ^ whereas ; if that' house ^ jwas , sy hoUyrconstat ^^ tesii Vorkin ^ men -tBepTof ^^^ would become rich , afurtne rich richer by the legitimate and profitable developement of the national resources , instead of , as now , cultivating them by that standard which will enable the idle to , live luxuriously upon the industry of the labourer . Then you would have no law enabling tyrant judges , packed juries , hired spies , and perjured witnesses , to transport or imprison a man for the expression / of his ' opinions' ; V . My countrymen / recollect that in America , in France , and in Sw'itzerland i "the Representatives . of the people are paid : and cast your eye over the

      divisions in those assemblies , it and you ; williind how few are absent even on divisioh ' sjpf minw importance ; but to ~ epme home ; with the subject , look to the Treasury Bench , ' arid there you will find , the ministers and their toadies , ; amounting to about twenty-six , dividing amongst them as salaries as much as would nearly qualify , every city and borough representative in parliament . Now what think you of your friend , Sir William Somervilje , member for Droghedaj who receives £ 5 , 500 a-year for his liberal services , objecting to the payment of members , while he receives something more than would qualify eighteen borough members ? But apart from salaries , let me illustrate the manner in which toadies are paid in Parliament . In 1833 ; the first session of the Reform Parliament , the Whigs , very naturally wished to base their power upon the support of a large and satisfied majority . I was looked ; upon as worthy , of being kidnapped , and as I never state facts without giving " names , I will show you the value that , was s « t

      upon me . The Honourable Mr . Stanley , now Lord Edisbury , was then whipper-in to the Whigs . He met me in the doorway of the House , and said—Mr . O'Connor , the Government intends to adopt the usual practice in your case . What is that , said I ? Why , to give you half the patronage of your county ? Pooh , I replied ,: I : must have the whole of the patronage of my county , as I brought my colleague in upon my shoulders . He observed that was exorbitant . I replied not at all , and I wilt tell you the principle upon which I shall exercise my privilege . You snail appoint every man to every office , if he is a good man I will not complain , if he is a bad man I will , as I want no patronage . He said , did that man that you recommended i as postmaster at Skibbereen voteforyou ? No , said I , he had no vote , that is very unusual he replied , it may with , you said I , but not with me . I never saw him , he has

      been much persecuted , and he has forwarded me the highest testimonials of character . Well , well , rejoined Mr . Stanley ; you will vote for us to-night , of course ? You shall see that , said I . The question being then discussed was a motion of Mr . Lambert ' s with regard to the Irish : Church . I voted for the motion , 'and against the Government . I afterwards saw Mr . , Stanley ; he told me it was an unusual course , ' when a member was granted such extensive privileges ; and I told him that all the patronage at the disposal of the Government should never catch a vote of mine . And while other Irish members accepted the invitations of ministers to dine with them ,-with slavish bows , and scrapes , arid thanks , my invariable reply to such invitation was , that I could not be seen in such bad company . I was always invited as a gentleman should be , while others were invited , as if it was the highest compliment , and the invitation was accepted as such .

      My countrymen , I have now defined the several points of the much-reviled People's Chamer , and in my next and succeeding letters I will irrefutably prove to you that from no other measure than the Charter can you expect justice to your order , and that even a Repeal of the Union , under the present system , would make you greater slaves than ever , by increasing your local taskmasters . I look for the Charter—I long for the Charter . . - I expect that ere long the Charter will become the law of the land , as all parties are now placed in dire antagonism , and as when " rogues fall out , honest men will come to their own . " Your faithful Friend and Countrymen , Fearous O'Connob .

      London , 26 th December , 1849 . . P . S . —I hope you have read the extracts from Sharmah Crawford ' s letter , published in last Saturday's Irishman ; and bear in mind that Sharman Crawford was too honest to be an Irish member , and that he is the best landlord inlreland . F . O'C .

      Shoreham Election.— The Election Of A Bu...

      Shoreham Election . — The election of a burgess to represent the borough of Shoreham , and to supply the Vacancy caused by the death of the late Charles Goring , Esq ., took place at Old Shoreham yesterday . C . S .. Dickens , Esq ., . proposed , and Edwin Henty , Esq ., seconded , the nomination of Lord Alexander Lennox . No other candidate being proposed , the returning-oflScer declared . Lord Alexander Lennox duly- elected . ( Cheers and booting , ) Lord Lennox then came torward , and declared himself to be a staunch supporter of the Established Church ; that he . was opposed to the admission of Jews into Parliament , and proud to call hiniselfsi Protectionist !

      :. ;: : ;F ,?^^3fe^^;Pest^S}|* ^|; ; 'R ...

      :. ; : ; f , ?^^ 3 fE ^^; PEST ^ S }|* ^|; ; ' " ; * , ' . ! . ' : [ ¦ : ' . The Fi ^ terhaj ^ FistiV ^ co ^ ( Society : ofiPraternal pempcrat 8 / , cam ' e ^^ Bye , Mohyayj ' / December'Sl stivl ^^ hall of the , John- ' s . treetrLitm Institution ; "Upwards of three huri'dred ' persoris sat ' down to tea ; and subsequent arrivals increased that number . Of course , a . large number of the . fair sex graced ^ ^ tbe assemblylwith ^ Aeir ^ esence . ; . " ,, Tqe : Tec { ribbon , worn by'heariy eye ^ nificarit tokcri ; 6 f : the ; f ' advahcra '';? sehtim both men-and ' womenVv Thei AppllbriicapjSociety , consisting of a'choir-of sixty voices , fraternally gave their assiatance withduttfee or reward . ' Teanavirig been-taken and , ; the ; , tables cleared , - Miss Deithier

      performedapopular overture on the-organ , after which— . \ .- ¦; % ¦ ' ¦ . - .:- ^'' . ¦ . "' , ¦ ' ' ' ;;' : ; i ::: -: * , > v ' -i ; - . ii . . . Oh ' themdtibn ' ofE ^ SiAiLbooD , seconded ' by J . Gbassbt , Gr'JiniAN'HAnNEv was appointed ' to take the chair . " ' ^^ ;^ a ^ - :-i-.-. ¦ : ; : ; *? ,:, f ^ , ^ «» ¦ ¦ . , : ¦ \ The choir , ably- led ? bjr ^ Mr ¦ ' ¦ and ¦ ' Mrsf ^ enninos ^ thenrgaveithe'ChoruY ^' - 'Nofrp ' ray we-for our . country . " ry ^^ il ^^ f ^^ n ' XtetivX : * ; , TaB ; CiiAiRiiiiN-BaidiMri risinjf ^ b . offer afewiwords » y : . ay « 9 k ^ M ^^ i ^^^^^ g ^' ' ^ & £ & v £ f $ ' ^ t 1 $ * m ^ m appojntingme ' joyilXin & irman-Z-foi ^ honourIes " i teeir t ^ it , notwithstanding " the ^ disgrace brought upon the ^ fljrby the individual whom you will at once recognise ^ when I speak of hfm- -as the Imperial Sham Republican , - Special Constable . ( Hear , hear . ) There is , however , this difference between my chairmanship and his—that lam not elected for four years ,. nor for four hours .,, I anr removable , at any moment should I f / iil in the „ effiGiont diseharae

      of my duties . ; On no other term ' s could you , as sterling democrats , tolerate a chairman , even , for one moment . A President . in the ordinary sense ' the term ,, we repudiate . A four years' King , ; even though Uncrowned , ' is bppesed to the principle of Democracy . , To elevate one man so high above his fellowrcitizens is a two-fold crime—a temptation , to the ' one , and an indignity to the many .- , Naturally thejelected chief . is teriipted to render his elevation pennanent , and still more commanding , , by transforming himself into an absolute monarch / On the bther nand ; men who' violate the' principle' , of Equality , by raising on their shields , or by their suffrages ^ achief toso exalted a position , thereby reduce themselves from the rank of citizens to that of subjects ; and , who shall say , ' that when ; a people have so far fallen , they will not further fall to the level of slaves ? BynoN mourning over the , fallof the ancient Greeks , observes :

      'f Twasi self-abasement paved the way To' villain bonds and despots' sway . " And instances are hot wanting in modern history exhibitu ! g ' similar '; effects flowing from a like . cause , Not to speak of oithei' nation' ^ we ; may remember that our own fathers ! instead of establishing 1 a veritable Republic , '"' submitted themselves to the yoke of Cromwell , only preparatory to their still more disgraceful submission to the third Stuartthe : infamous . Charles the 2 nd . ; To return , to a present would-be royal personage , we must give the devil his due in acknowledging that . President Buonaparte has done this good service : he has brought both the office of President , and his family name into contempt . A mighty gain for France

      and freedom . Passing from this subject , I must next speak of the character of this festival as defined by its name . This hall has been the theatre of Chartist , festivals , Democratic festivals , and Socialist festivals ; but the Fraternal Democrats have the honour this night of inaugurating what I trust we may regard as the . first of a scries of Fraternal festivals , ( Hear , hear . ) I see myself surrounded by men who differ in some respects , but who , nevertheless , possess much in common , and who , " in my opinion , might find a common ground of union , from which to put forth a powerful and effective propaganda . ' The Pratcrnal Democrats desire that combination , and , hence , a principal reason for holding this festival . Why should

      there not be that union ; or , at least , that brotherhood of the leading spirits of the movement which I trust will characterise this meeting ? I believe , ^• may ' say , the flag" wall fight-under isoho ' : and the same .: The banners of the several sections may vary all shades between pink and crimson , but I presume we are ; all red . ( Great applause . ) The urgent need for a Democratic Social propaganda must be evident to every sensible and feeling man . Look at the mass of misery unveiled by the reports in the Morning' Chronicle—unveiled not to us because we knew of it before , but unveiled to the nations who have so of ten been stunned with thundering vaunts of the " greatness " and " , happiness " of England . The schemes of the Free Traders have

      failed to stay tho downward course of this nation . The reduction of a few . millions of taxes , the repeal of the tea tax , or the ' tobacco tax , cannot sensibly affect the condition of the London needlewomen , the agricultural labourers , and the distressed classes generally . I am pursuaded , that any change short of a thoroughly' democratic and socialreformation , will be ineffective to prevent the downward course and ultimate destruction of this nation . This festival is called " Fraternal" because also we desire to express thereby our brotherly feeling for the defenders of liberty and justice in all nations . Repudiating arid denouncing the lies and calumnies of

      the Times , and the rest of the monopolist press " of England , we declare that the Red Republicans and Social Reformers of the continent , base our hearty sympathies and good wishes . ( Applause . ) We declare , in the sublime words of Robespierre , that "He who oppresses one nation , is the declared enemy of all ; and that " Men of all countries are brothers , and the people of each ought to yield one another mutual aid , according to their ability , like citizens of the same state . " In other words , we declare that all the peoples of the earth are brethren . { Great applause . ) Did men ever struggle or suffer for a holier creed ?

      " Is there a thought can fill the huriian mind More pure , more vast , more generou ? , more refin'd , Than that which guides the enlighten'd patriots toil ? Not he whose view is bounded by his soil , Not he whose narrow heart can only shrine The land—the people that he calletn mine ; Not he who to setup thatland on high , Will make whole nations bleed , whole nations die ; Not he who calling that land ' s rights his pride , Trampleth the rights of all the earth beside ; No !—He it is , the just , the generous soul ! W ho o wneth brotherhood with either pole , Stretches from realm , to realm his spacious mind , And guards the weal of all the human kind , Hold s Freedom ' s banner o'er the earth unfurl'd , And stands the guardian patriot of a world !" , , ( Renewed applause . )

      Could my voice reach the defenders of Democracy who arc at present proscribed and suffering for their adherence to-the cause of justice , I would implore them to cultivate a truly fraternal spirit , in order , that when next they confront the foe they may do so as a phalanx , united and invincible . Undoubtedly grave errors have been committed , but to be liable to error is an infirmity of our nature . The worst of all errors would be division in our own ranks . I shall make plain what I mean , by reminding you of the events of the 17 th of March , 1848 , when two hundred thousand proletarians marched , through the streets of Paris to testify their determination to uphold the Republic . Undoubtedly on that day Blanqui was the far-seeing

      riian . Had he been strong enough , the traitorous majority . of the Provisional government would have been expelled from power , ' and a new revolution would have prevented all the disasters which have since overwhelmed Democracy . But , while paying to Blanqui : a just tribute for his capacity and courage , ' let us . not commit the great injustice of condemning all who did riot see as he saw as knaves or fools , i trust , that our continental brothers in this , their day of misfortune , will exchange explanations , and agree to forgive and forget all past differences . ( Hear , hear . ) Our friends are in the dust at this moment , but their future , and not distant triumph , is certain . Very soon from . ; the peoples of Europe will arise , the cry—Vive la Re ~ publique Democratique et ' Sociale . ( Great cheerinsr . ) We must exalt the principle of Fraternity to the place heretofore occupied by creeds now worn out ,

      and cunningly devised systems now exploded . Fraternity we must not merely inscribe on our banners , but imprint on our hearts , and make the rule of our actions . If we do so , no power can prevent our triumph . The peoples will march , shoulder to shoulder , and trample down all their enemies ;—the Red Flag will make the tour of tho world , ' rally all nations round Liberty ' s Tree . ( Piolonged applause . ) Bobebt Buchanan proceeded to give the following sentiment : — " Fraternity , may its influence extend until beneath itsv shadow all nations of the earth shall dwell as ot | , in peace ,, happiness , and Mr . Buchanan said , fie cordially concurred in the sentiment ho had road ^ and trusted the . day would soon arrive whenthey should be in the : enjoyment of thatbleBsedstate . But mere words would not accomplish it . No ! a great battle was yet to be fought , and they must effect a great radical change ,

      '£!;;. • ¦;. ..". ¦ /^^3jii7 , I^Iif's-I...

      ' £ !;; . ¦; . .. " . ¦ /^^ 3 Jii 7 i ^ iif'S-iVJti % .-. \ ,- ! . ; . !' --both political " and 1 sodirfi ^ He ; repeated , the chang V ' hiustoe bothi ^ ., a jPOlftwal , ^ nd- ' Sj ) w mere ' political cVaage ^ Whigs and'Freo »¦ Ti-adefefaMfinVatteriipt to « main- <> Mm thei'prbperiietfpn & il \ iilm > 6 f 4 the' countryj . ;^ ^ whi lst the Radicals ^ KdsB ^ ' rescue ithoriiBel ^ es ' rfrJiw ^ te cpnd itioa in > bicn sbcV ^ ^ " . J ^ Everi ^ FraMe ^ flMcS , ^ repubKcan ^ goverJ ^ , ¦ Wnt and . " naiveraal suot 8 « . S < c had 5 her ,. battles , " " and ; severe 6 riVs / Ho ; 6 : ' ' Wby institutions remained as t ' heM 'ere ^ He did not ask ' that ' meetine ' to HefeB ^ wini- » iian iin-air : ' 'lH ' s neculiait ^ - ' t ' ' :. ''¦ ,,, .- " .,, ¦ ' ' . "' . / ' ¦¦ '¦¦ ' ¦ - ¦ v-i ¦*¦¦; f . » : > i »?•' , ' *!•* : "J . r ,: s'ri : * , l i

      Views as regarded -. ' the' drgariimV ''on ' oflabour ? and » property , ^ ^ but-hedid : invito : tlie " anVt <>' conie "! forward : ^ and seek a remedy ; { It" was nonse nse ; t 0 S ° for any P ? 'M ? J ar . form ; of jpolitios , unlbs- 'the . Social pj ; c blem was at ^ the same time * 8 olv ^ d . \' ' / JIo ;' was ' glad .. sucb t a festiyalhad . been called , < to ^ K ' lor , ' m ^ which ''' the several s ' ectioris " : bf progressivo-ffiefi u-mera would have , the ' opportunity of ; ' expressiris " th ) eir'ippinibn ' s y arid ? comparirig ' notes ^ aha-hV' hoged- ^ Kejvwould ' ultimately Jworli'to ^ tBoryt br Jthe ^ nMo ^ The great battle that ^ had befen i-agings-fdr wmi » tirdtui past was . relative taltbe icreatiOn aad ?^ prdo ' ejn-di 8 r . fJ tributiph of wealth , and 4 wjthfMilton hsr said ' jrr , % . ¦'

      . ., Mr . 'STAiiwboBsaid ; thes 6 ntim ' ent ' was fraternityT * r-bu ^ wkOt Wasifc' ^ heyY ^ ! ]' . not with runaway Popes and w 6 rild-bo"Biiiper 6 ra ; ¦ ' not with tyrantsand oppressoi'Si'Czars ; andiKisers ;' but with the Struggling , patriots ? of validations - " with tiie Demborats of Baden ; Hungary / Austria * ' - ' ; Russia , 'Prussia , Germany , ;; Poland , and ; MU nbfc •' least , France '; yes , , ' with the glorious MoantatorV < ( cheers , ) - Red Republicans , .. ( great ,, . cheering , ) the Socialists ., eto . . ( Continued , cheering ;) i , \ He could riot concur ^^ ^ with MriBuchanah ' that political ' Change ; alone would "be' useless , , because he- cbn- , ceiyed ^; that , ih ' ad yre * parliame 1 i 't >| StEngland- to- '"' mbrrow , . elected ^ by ; UniversaJ ?' Su # {^ vWe

      : My ^^ m . it ; nieh ; ^ atd-lhe ^ ldis ^ &&&)*<} live the Red } Re ^ ublicans ^ f ^ Geri ¦ - many , etc ;; jindtlic continental nations '; " tfiese oho © v successful , as he , trusted , thoy would ' be , before the end of 1 I 850 ' ,. England , sluggislras she was , would '' -. arouse from her apathy and claim and establish ; ' - similar : institutions for herself . ( Cheers . ) " < Mr . ; Buchanan said , what he-meant to convey ' ' was not that political changes wore . useless , but that they should be accompanied with , social changes ; . ' as the people ' . ' of France at the present , time ,, -r showed how necessary it was to work Universal ' , ^ Suffrage beneficially / that the . people should'be ' ''

      instructed ^ m their social rights and duties .. ' ( Hear , hear . ) ... Chorus , — " Freemen rejoice . " - r * Mr . iLtorp ^ Jones ; gave the next sentiment ,- * '¦ ¦' - " The inarnyrs of ' ^ Democracy , may the tree , of : i liberty ;' planted by their hands , and nurtured with . ; o > their best blood , wave . ever green , a lasting trophy - of their ; sad fate ' and glorious fame . "—Mr . ; Jonea ' . said , he responded with pleasure to the sentiment , and believed , were it not far the' martyr spirit that - prevailed , every vestige of liberty would long ere ' " this have been obliterated ; but when tyrants found ' men in opposition to their Church and ! State des- '¦ > potism , say , my goods , nay , even my life youmav d

      take , but the truth you never shail wrest fromme : -M such martyrs were invincible . apostles , and to , them ¦ ¦ ¦ - ' ¦ ' , they owed all the beneficial results that had been " obtained . ( Loud cheers , ) Fortunately , ' . " , the patriots were riot all under lock arid key—some ^ et roamed at large . One battle could not accomplish ' all the good . required . He much feared a thousand ' battles must be fought before prejudice and error' : would be banished , and truth become triumphant ; but he felt that the area had extended , and : that the ; mass of the people were preparing to take part in , " the combat . ( Loud cheers . ) There was one martyr who had not yet been mentioned , he meant Armand Barbes . ( Applause . ) - ' ¦ • . '

      - Tho Chairman : Let us give three cheers for Barbes ! The whole ' audience rose and gave three hearty hurrahs . , : :-.. ; ¦ ¦' ¦ Mr . Llotd Jones continued : It was to such men they owed the continental movement—it was to such men ; France owed her Republican institutions , and ; it was to such men she would be indebted for any social reforms she might obtain . ( Hear , hear . ) The time was coming when England would shake off her apathy , and doubtless , men would be found to beard tyranny , put down oppression , and ' establish true freedom . ( Hear , hear . ) Mr . James Gbassby said he had done all he could for ; his continental brethren . He thought they should not wait until all other nations had gained

      their liberty , and a king was not to be found to . sit on a throne before they attempted to gain their liberty—but that they should at ' onceproinulgata the beauties and blessings of democratic institutions * ( Cheers . ) ; « ^ t . ~ Chorus , "Marseillaisi "' which / was so excellently performed by , the choir thatnn unanimous '' encore' * was thoTesult , which was most promptly complied with , amidst the hearty and prolonged plaudits ' o * the assembly . Mr . John Pettie gave the following sentiment " The Champions of Progression , cheered by the knowledge that their principles are cherished , and their deeds admired by the good and true of every land—may tkev" live to bless the world till

      themselves are blessed in the triumph of their glorious cause . " Mr . Pettie said , in speaking of the champions of Progress , that one knew not which most to admire — their chivalry in . peace or in war ; but it may be asked of what does this chivalry consist ? not in fi g hting for a buckle or a ring , or for a lady ' s , beauty . No , it was self sacrifice for a nation ' s freedom . The cry for freedom was echoed by those who laboured , but had no comfort ,- by those who love yet had no joy . These sufferers must unite with all their heart and press forward , resolved to conquer and sustain the victory . The time should yet come when Barbes , Louis Blanc , Kossuth , 'Ledru Rollin , and Mazzini would be the champions of the world , and inspired by this wish , with all his soul he shouted—Long live the champions of Progression . ( Loud cheers , j

      Mv . Gerald Massey in responding said , in a con-VCfsation that took place between Robespierre and SaintJust , the former said :. " Go to my friend ; he who would serve his country must be prepared U sacrifice himself , arid everything ; " and that . illustrious man had ,. in his own life , made this great truth self evident ; again , and again were martyrs rising up to perish . Why ? Because of their ( the people ' s ) apathy . 1800 years ago the Saviour waa sacrificed . In later times Pnestly ' s house had been destroyed , and that noble of nature , Thomas Pairie , had been persecuted . Only a few years since their own fathers were hounded on to cry , down with the French , but fortunately it was not so now . They hold forth their hands and shout

      r-Democratic Frenchmen we are with you . Long live the Red Republic . ( Loud cheers . ) Yes , ye noble champions of Democracy , Kossuth , Louis Blanc , and Mazzini , we are with you . ( Loud cheers . ) Let them not cheer unless they were prepared to do something more , unless they were prepared to aid them . Had they no incentives to marsh in freedom ' s van ? Let them read the reports ou " Labour and the Poor" in the Morning Chronkle No incentives . Did not 80 , 000 prostitues walk tho streets of London ? And what working man waa certain that his daughter might not be compelled

      to sell the sweets of love for bread . They read that Christ was tempted forty days in the wilderness of the devil , but the working classes were tempted three hundred and sixty-five days every year by the devils competition and misrule . ( Loud cheers . ) . Kossuth shouted Nil Despevteadimij and shook Austria to its centre . ; , Mazzini re-echoed Nil Desperandum , arid the . Pope , fled , and the-papal institutions were shivered to atoms . Ms ^ Massey concluded by cordially responding to the sentiment The' Appollonicans then gave thoniaiket chorus from Massinollo , which was greeted with a rapturous and well merited encore .

      Mr . SiAiiwoon moved a vote of thsroks tothe ladies and gentlemen of the Appolfloaican Society , for their kind and able services during tho evening . Agreed to by acclamation . Mr * . Kenney returned thanks , expressing' for himself and friends the pleasure that had been afforded them by the festival . On the motion of Gerald Massey » seconded by a continental democrat , a vote of thauks was given to the chairman , The Chairman replied , and called on the meeting to give three cheers for the Red Republicans of the continent . The meeting responded with three hearty hurrahs , " and one cheer awe . " The hall was then cleared for-dancing , which continued until some time past tho mid-night hour . Up stairs a large party were entertained with vocal and instrumental music . " Finally tbe . company retired , each and all expressing unalloyed delight at tho manner in which they tod bad ° farewell to » 1849 , and welcomed the dawn of I 80 Q .

      Demand To 12,000, And A Threat Was Held ...

      demand to 12 , 000 , and a threat was held out that , default of payment the young lady wwld bo put to death . , Information was given to the authorities ; who at length discovered the plaoje where she was concealed . She had not recoiled any personal violence / but had been threatened with death unless she wrote'to her mother requesting her to pay the ransomV She was taken back in safety to her homo . ' She had been carried of . by ft band , headed by a man named Viuce »* 6 ' . PatUi not less formidable , in that country than , tho Zampa and rra i vow our comic operas ,

      in Banditti . —A short time since the daughter of a widow , lady , named Xazzara , was carried off fjsojn their country house , near Trapani , in Sioil y < On the following day the . mother received an anonymous letter demanding 8 , 000 Sicilian ounces of "gold ( worth fourteen francs eaeh , J as tho ransonfc ot her daughter . The money not having been deposited in the appointed spot , a second letter was sent , demanding 10 , 000 ounces , and a ' third ip ^ reased tho

  • Citation
    • Northern Star (1837-1852), Jan. 5, 1850, page 1, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse.ac.uk/periodicals/ns/issues/ns2_05011850/page/1/