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Northern Star (1837-1852), 5th June 1847, Edition 2 of 3, Page 7, WiflAN.—Collikrs' Mektino.— The fourth a...

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    • fovtiqn iHobemcm^
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      / ¦¦ ¦ ¦ V ¦ Tttub 5, 1847. The Nqbrther...

      / ¦¦ ¦ ¦ v ¦ Tttub 5 , 1847 . THE NQBrTHERN , STAR . ________ . * JUJV * - - - - ¦ - - ' •¦ - ¦ ¦ ' ' : ¦ ¦»• ¦ ¦ -- ,- I " ¦ ' ¦ - ¦ ' - - , ||| ¦ p I 'Mill I I II ¦ , | ., __

      Fovtiqn Ihobemcm^

      fovtiqn iHobemcm ^

      •Ani I Wiu War, At Leastim Werds, «» N 3...

      • Ani I wiU war , at leastim werds , «» 3—should nvy ehaaee se happen—deeds , ) Wltn * U who war with Thongbt !" Pl think I hear a Httle bird , who sings j ^ peop leby-and-bywillbe the stronger . "—BxxoR .

      ENGLAND AND GERMARY . / From the German of Dr List . Continued from * Star of May 29 th . ) tHB PRIEST GOKDIHOy OF GERWASY , AND THE FEBMXG S OF TBE GERMAN PEOPLE TOWARD * ESGLASD . fi ,, present state of Germany is one of a very crili-^ Rsiinv . ani ev * n the great progress made by the naaan people in all that contributes to the greatness f nations , has hitherto senrrd only to add to their ° etlnv-ss . because tint procre ** does but widen the .-I , between the people and their bureaucratic govern . men »» . -

      . .. _ ^ If nwt ters go on m thh canity ae tft * y hith « rto hare don * , one of two things mast happen ; either Germany « jf ' sH apr « y toFrance orRnwla , or she will effect her pol'Mcal r * en-ration b . v internal agitation . The i . tter tnv happen through the free impulse of the na-£ 0 i , f « T in coniiiiienre of an attack from without , for it - not impossible that the nation might arous : ittelf from its four hundred years' Ietharey , in consequence of a ftreien invasion , and find strength eniagh within itself to repel the attack , and maintain its independence by it * ova > t - Bnt whether the nation rise through itself ,

      a whether it be s « une into exertion by an atta- k from without , in the one case , as io the other , the masses of the people , or the elemental clans , m « y obtain a -.-reater Influence ia the government than would be beneficial to ^ nation itself , or pleasing to En .-hnd . Germany , ander a popular government , Vould cwqner Belgium s Hnltand , step forth as a rival to G-igland in trade , jojntuerce and maritime power , sub » titate a prohibitivesrstem for her present moderate protective system—and , above sll . make common cause in every way with the foesof Endand .

      Germanr can only become a useful and active ally o » xhe English if her national regeneration b < - eff cled un der the guManceofberown governments . Butatpr- - - sent , unfortunately , therulersof Germany are thcmtelves too much Euided hy their bureaucracy to feel themselves Strong enough to follow their own judgment . Germany is sow scho-led hy the bare * ucrac-y , Ju « t as if it had imposed on itself the task of smoothing her future sub . jectiou by France or Russia . Every feeling of independence is suppressed by it , not only in the middle classes , bat in the ari « tacracy , twu elements of freedom and independence , which , if the rulers of Germany knew tow to emancipate themselves from the bureaucracy might , in a short time , raise the nation to a much higher p itch of political formation than that to -which the Trench have already attained , or will ever be in a position to attain .

      The strength of Germany is the strength of England , and the old role , divide et unpen ( divide to rule ) , bas sever been employed in a falser manner than by England in regard to Germany , because England thereby only weakens her whose strength she mast one day call to betassistance . Above all , the policy of-Great Britain bas obtained jnsny things adv-mtsge obs to her fir the moment by tbe aidnf the German bureaucracy , for example , tbe Treaty oi Trade and -X-tviganon of M * rch 3 , 18 * 1 , whereby frassia renounced for eight years all possibility of mak ing those concessions to the Hanse T « i wns , which could

      alone enable the latter to ydn the Zoliverein , that is to regelate the entire inte rest of the nation , and to perfect the constitution of theXoUvewin ; moreover , tbe Commercial Treaty with Hsnorer . which hindered that conntrr . and consequently the lUnse Towns , from joining the Znllverein until the vear 1 S 54 . wh « reby this voluntary impotence of the Z til vere in is prolonged for eight years longer . England has lastly evidently won such preponderating influence in tbe Zslivertin , that sbe is iu a position to obsttnet every new measure which she may consider prejudic alto her interests .

      This may certainly procure England some advantages for the moment . » y which the ability of English diplomacy may be placed in a brilliant light , and great applause be obtained from the English manufacturers ; but it is another question how these triumphs bave acted on the Germans , and how the bitterness tin r . by excited in their mind * , will act oa the future career of England . * « * Can England not re present to herself that the tactics « f her diplomacy , ia availing itself of the wants and privileges of thN bureaucracy , in order for the sake of Eng lis !) commerce to thro- obstructions in tbe way of tbe completion of the Zollverien , the f und & tion of the political national unity of Germany , and the she- t-anchor of the nation , can she not conceive fiat > uch policy must excite a feeling of disgust in the minds of all independent and patriotic Germans , and that above all a nation cannot be w-unded in a more deadly manner than when from low and selfish mo tires , her strivings fur nation « l perfection are sought to be multiplied by diplomatic cunning .

      I cannot believe otherwise than that the English Government is nei'htr acquainted with tlie state of public opinion in Gennnny , aor ha ) properly weighed the effects of its con-tact on the future couneof its own country . For ef what importance can it be to England to sell a million or two more of manufacture ; to the Germans hindering that nation from accomplishing her industrial education , sad abo-e all , from completing her economic organisation , and thereby preparing her political organisation , when it is clear as the suu that she has ia this way wholly estreated the sympathies of this nation , from which she has sach great services to expect in coming time , and compelled then , to make common cause for all future time with the bitterest foes of England ?

      England still sees in Germany a country without any dear conviction of a great aad common aim , and without a strons and united will ta attain this aim . a country which , split into a number of fragments , has hitherto been used to lean on some foreign power , which may have had 'he power of , io anuasurc , of guaranteeing her iadepend-nce , and which is new forced only h y temporary circumstances to lean upon England at any price , as she may formerly have leaned successively on France or Basna England has got this idea of Germany , because she loofc-d at the bureaacracy and dynasties alone . But

      behind the'e two there has , within the last thirty years , arisen another pow < -r , which , in the conviction of its moral and material strength , recognises and follows another aim than the bureaucracy , which is to seek the guarantee of German independence in themselves , and their own national greatness and perfection a power whtc / s , with its -. tracgles . has only come to light in an " untnistakeaWe manner in the course of the lastfew jears , Imeanth-power of the middle classes in conjunction with tbe nobles , who on their side begin , as it were , to sett that in tha unity of the nation aud a perfect org aniritiod alone lies the guarantee of their future existence .

      The public opinion of Germany is aroused on this point , an 4 ia active motion , not from the cupidity of the manafactoren . bnt on one side by the effects of the Tbiars dewsont-tr-tion of 1810 , and in the danger which is approaching nearer and nearer of becoming the sacrifice of tbe lastef aggrandisement of its continental neighbours ; and ^ on the other side by the convictittn of its innate individual strength , which permits it to predict fcr itself greater prospects for the future , on condition that it succeed en concentrating this wealth of individual strength , by means of a more perfect political and

      economic oi-gaui-cii-m , and uniting it m-o a national strenzni Eaglaad . possessed teak the illusion of tie day that free trade alme can spread happiness prosperity , civilisation and peace avutug thepeople of the earth , does not or tc ' dl notseethtiia these days such , a hope eanordy be fa filed as regards Btgtaml : c « t Sun Germany , en tie contrary m tke presets ! point of her national development , eon only feel the most injurious effects as regaids her national rtgenerajjonaat tie mainUnanoe of her independence ojainst her £ Ontiiitn < aln-ig hbmrs , from the realisation of this theory or & e * f rom a t & -r approach to it .

      Tne Geriosss in no way reject the theory of universal tree trade , bat they feel and say the time tor carrying it oat has only arrived for ^ England . In 'fade , commerce , and aaval power , as well as in the possession of colonies and capital , and . shove all . rin practical education in public incitutions , a « ia every art and practice of production farfsrWbre all oas ' ous . England is now in apositt ^ , withfrce compectttca , to annihilate every branch of Ctrman industry . The power and prosperity , nay , even the civilisation of « very m & a rests on the harmonious development of

      itsagriculiere , manufactures and trade , manufactures te tht only central bond between tbe . stber two , and without it ceither agriculture n » r trstle . eaa flourish . Manufaciatesmust , therefore , be protested by tbe national Strength f o long as it cannotstand ugainst the free compeUtiun of a foreign and superior ^ adustry , and this protection German manufaecares standi tbe more in needxf , is itis properly not more tban ^ ftetn years olJ , audcoafessedly a young induttrj- can so more sustain a * 2 cce < sf * l straggle aguittst < me that hga been in exig ence ior centuries , than eaa a weak boy against a itrengmaa .

      The protective system in Germany must nee , however , be retarded in an ecouomic point sf viewtlone , but raaer to a ptiitical point of view also . Economic unity ia ttus country is the forerunner and fonndatisa of p « - litieal uni ty . * # * * let it be true that the industry of Germany cannot flourish without a protective system ; tet it farther be tree that a nation which ia regard to its tadustiy . as well as fts agricultural , tradr , and abipping , does not eland oa its own bottom , can develope * u > high degree of national

      « irength-then aw the present * ffort « of England ta asks Germany a province dependen t omher formanufccSaret , tffortt of the mest hostile character , efforts which must bave maw injurious effect * * pon Germany than a war of invasion by France or Russia , prbothto tether , because snch an invasion of Germany WotJld Vthwltad ' to her speedy death or a far s trong . v bfe , « \ iie the efforte of England to undermine the root * ** tke natwoalstrengib of Germany must reduce tbe nati on toas ^ te of paUy , which must ever keep the specter o . " politic- ^ iwh before her eyes . While * Qfirouuij would be growing weaker from year to year u . > fenieQ , ueaceof hw industrial and commercial

      •Ani I Wiu War, At Leastim Werds, «» N 3...

      invasion by England , her neighbours on ber right end left would become stronger iu consequence of a retention of their protective system . Bat if the cue fall off in in . ternal strength and the hopes of a better fortune , while the other grows continually stronger , it is easy to prediet how the relations of material and moral strength and political power must at last stand between them . In this point of view let it be taken as a basis , that the protective system of Germany in its aggreg & te working and final object is directed more against France ani Russia , because Germany thereby obtains the moral and material strength to resist both with success ; nay , even this v « ry aggregate operation mutt in the md result to the great advantage of Ecglaud herself , because Germany herself will only become a strong and effective ally of England , and co-operate powerfully , and with her whole heartfor the elevation of England when rhe is a well-organised , a rich , and mighty country .

      It is very probable that the American cotton industry wilt be able to compete successfully with tbe English at no very remote period , at all events , in the coarser and medium twists aud fabrics , and , therefore , England is only destroying , or repressing the coarser and medium fabrics of Gei many in order to have the German markets open for the American fabrics . It is moreover possible , that the maritime intercourse between England and Germany will be interrupted for a lengthened period of a naval war , and that , therefore , Germany , ber manufactures biine first annihilated , will , in time , fall into industrial dependence on France , ia which case the industrial ruin of Germany would serve to strengthen French manufactures , this would ev « n be a matter nf certainty , where a French invasion to bo snc . cesifal in partly subduing Germany . In this case the Eng-ish « ould have succeeded in making aa iadustri . d ioWa rasa of Germany , only to provide the French wi h a field for promoting the growth of their muuufac . tur--s .

      This is the prevailing opinion in Germany . As regards the Him of tbe pr . s-nt article , we need not inquire how far tb < -.-e views are correct or incorrect ; the only matt r we need d'scus * is this question : " Ate ihcfe the prevailing vie « s of Germany t and that thiy aw , no impartial and competent observer will deny . Nothing but the * xperience of a series of years can deride on thvir correctness or incorrectness . Ere then , however , they will have canted mischief enough ; for in tho meantime every retr-pressive movement , every stagnation , nay , even ev rywr-ng advance ia the prosperity of Germany , will be lain cm English policy : and this will help to make the cry , " Carlhaainem esse delendam , " a popular cry in Germany also , should it once be raised from France .

      Coiomat Ani 4forrtp,

      Coiomat ani 4 forrtp ,

      Movements Of The Week. The Intelligence ...

      MOVEMENTS OF THE WEEK . The intelligence from India , brought by the Overland Mail , is eminently pacific . The fortunate Hardinge is said to contemplate a speedy return to England , to enjoy , in qu ietude , the " honours" his governor-generalship has showered upon him .

      The only stir in European politics this week has been that occasioned by the publication of the convention entered into between the governments of England , France , Spain , and Portugal , for an armed intervention in the latter country , to subdue the popular party , and restore the degraded Queen ' s authority . In another column we have fully commented on this atrocious conspiracy , so disgraceful to the government of this country .

      There are indications of coming troubles in Swit . zerland . Berne has at last fully pronounced for a revision of tbe federal compact . We may , therefore , expect to hear , ere long , of an Austrian intervention in that country ; with , of course , the assent of the detestable government of this island . Isabella of Spain is writhing in tbe toils castaround her hy Louis Philippe . We would wager a trifle that the respectable old gentleman at the Tuilferies could name the parties who lately tried to shoot the Spanish Queen . Rumour is a liar , or the King oi the Barricades has ere now managed to get those out of the way who incohvenientlv stood in his path .

      We have given ample details of another sanguinary ¦ victory gained by the brigand invaders of Mexico . The want of courage or discipline , or whatever may be the cause of the easy conquest of the Mexicans , is no justification of the conquerors . This war is a stain upon Republicanism ; a heavy blow and sore discouragement to the advocates of democratic institutions .

      The accounts this we k respecting the coming harvest are highly favourable . In Sicily and Naples , the harvest which proves to he one of the best for some years past , has been already secured . The accounts from Bohemia , Hungary , Lombardy , Asiatic Turkey , Syria , and Egypt , are equally favourable . In South Russia , rain was beginning to be wanted for the spring corn , but the wheat was looking well .

      India. The Arrival Of The Overland Mail ...

      INDIA . The arrival of the Overland Mail brings us the intelligence that Lord Ilardiree " goes home next csld weather . " Tbe accounts from the Punjaub , if not a literal blank , form as near an aporoximation to it as it is possible to conceive . The disturbances in the Burmoo and Tank districts have been suppressed . The tidings from Scinde comprise little beyond pettv local details . Robberies are frequent , and it his been deemed necessary to take rather stringent measures to rid the place nf bud characters . A number of suspicious persons" are to be shipped off from Scinde . and a new punishment has been

      devised for petty offences—parading the culprit through the town , on the back of an as . * , with his face whitewashed!—which is said to be much drended by the lower orders . There are some further particulars regarding the hostilities at Bumponr , near Khorassan , from which it is to be gathered that Sudar Khan , the brother of the well-known Aga Khan , bad been driven from the place after attaining a six n . onths' siege , and Ik en taken prisoner by the Persians . It was feared he would be treated with severity . The horrible rite ol Suttee has been formally prohibited at Scindiah's dominions ( Gaalior ) , and that measures hare been taken for the more effectual suppression of female infanticide in Jyppore .

      Intelligence from Cabal has been received to the 18 th March . Dhost Mahomed had coll-rted troops at Jell > 1 ^ bid , and having f .-i'ed in making an amicable arrangement with the Ghilz-e chiefs , was engaged in preparations f-r attaining them . At Lucknow , the capital of Onpe , a curious affair had occurred . The minister . Nuwab Amren ood Duwfah , who was '' riving « n the road from h \* house to the residency , was attack' d by six Affchans . woonded and draeged to a hut by the road-side .

      The English resident . Colonel Richmond , on hearing of the disturbance , hastened to the spot , with his assistant , and made every effort to keep the peace and save the Fuwab's life . lie found the Affghans with drawn swords and id « tols cocked , demanding 50 . 000 rupees , the amount of arrears said to bave been withheld by tbe Nuwab , as well as tbe guarantee of their lives , and their future retention in tbe service . Tbe money was paid , and the guarantees given , and thereupon the Nuwab was released .

      The scarcity of European seamen in the Port of Calcutta is complained of , and several ships are named , which have , in consequence , been obliged to proceed to > ea wi'b . Lascar crew . * . Dr Esdaile has performed another successful operation on a patient under the infl < ien < -e of mesmerism . The Englishman gives an extract from a letter from Cawnpore , to the effect that the potato dfre * se has reached India . The ladies of the City of Palaces have subscribed 70 , 000 rupees toward * tbe Ir-sh Relief Fund : and the gentlemen wete reported to have held a meeting and put down tbeir names for about 7 , 000 rupees more . Cholera is said to have broken nut with much violence amongst the natives of Calcutta . The meeting held at Madras for the adoption of measures for the relief of the suffering Iri » h and Scotch was very fully attended , and a very large sum Jias been contributed . WESTERN AUSTRALIA .

      Byitie overland mail we have intelligence from thisooiony to the 10 th of March ; the most prominent etrntia tbe not unexpected death of th * governor , Col . Andrew Clarke , who died on tlie 11 th ot February , in the Bith year of his age . FRANCE , M . de Tooqaeville has laid before the Chamber of Deputies the report of tbe committee charged with examining the bill relative to the extraordinary credits required forA . ' . eeria . After describing the general situation of the difitrent provinces , M . de Toajueville suggests , in the same of the committee , that France " content herself with occupying the Tell , and not endeavour te penetrate or form establishments in the smaller desert , the natives of which ,

      | being obliged to draw their nisvmons from the Tell , 1 de facto her tributaries . " The committee was i also of op inion that the army EuOuW not be employed in reducing independent K « bylia , w . ^ ose population , surrounded by European settlers andct ^ fmed wi thin narrow vallies must necessarily undergo ttN influence of the French-The " paciGc promenade" of Marshal Bu . ' . cand through the territory of the Kabyles , as the D , M ( t insisted on calling this military expedition , has bei'o already attended with the results expected from it . The unoffending inhabitants of the invaded district bgve been roused in defence of their fields , flocks , am dwellings , and engagements have taken place

      India. The Arrival Of The Overland Mail ...

      near Bengie , in which the French troops have su---tained a ln . « in killed and wounded , the amount of which is differently stated . According to tbe Mats 57 of the Frenoh have been killed and . wuunded—ac cording to the Steele , four officers are amonc the killed ; and the same journal saya that a te ' egrapbic despatch has brought to the govern ment the intelligence that 125 men have been killed and that the expedition has reached Bougie . The Zte & ate adds that three villages have been burned on

      this " pacific promenade , " and the other journals say that rivers of blood of the Kabyles have flowed . The tribes are represented as having b ? en ultimately forced into submission . The most remarkabl' - feature about thrae proceedings is the fact ., thatthe Cbamber bad previously passed a vote , disapproving of the expedition , and refusing the credit demanded for it , and the ministers themselves refused to advocate it . A letter from Paris , on Monday , . announces * tlie recall of Marshal Bugeaud . He was replaced ad interim , by General Da Bar .

      PORTUGAL . JUS OWL WaR—4 RHKB IvrBRVBKrm . V . The following is the protocol ot the Conference held at tbe Foreign-office in London on the 2 I < t inst . and at which were present the Pie iontnntiaries of Spain . France . Great Britain , and P « rtugal : — The Plenipotentiaries of S /» ain . France , Great Britain , and Portugal having ns » emb ! ed in conference upon the invitation of the Plenipntcntiitrr of Portugal , the Portuguese Plenipotentiary d « -clared that he had learnt by despatches receiver that same day from his government the inutility nf the endeavours made at Ooorto by Colonel tv yide and tlie Marquis de Ilcspana . to . put an end to the "ivil war in Portugal , on the conditions which the Qu-en nf

      Portugal had authorised them to make known to the Junta . He added that as the Qur-en « f Portugal had offered these terms in confurmity with the councils « f her allies , he was charged by her most faithful Majestv to renew the steps already made by her towards her allies , who had taken part in the treaty of 22 nd April , 1834 . in order to . obtain from them the necessary aid to effectuate the pacification nf her states . The Baron do Moncnrvo afterward" declared tbat the conditions offered to the Junta nf Oporto , in the name of her most faithful Mijenty , were—First . A ful * and gpneral amnesty for all political "frVnces committed since the . beirinning « f the month of October last , and tbe immediate recall of all per-ons who since that period had been constrained to leave

      Portugal from pnlitical motives .:. Secondly , The immediate revocation of all decrees promulgated since the beginning of October last ., which are in cot flict with or in opposition to the established laws and constitution of the kingdom . Thirdly ,. A Convocation of t he Cortes , as soon as the elections about to take place immediately shall have terminated . Fourthly , The immediate nomination of . a ministry composed nf persons who do not belone to the party of the Cabrals and are not members of the Junta of Opnrto . Tbe English plenipotentiary confirmed the declaration nf Baron Mnncorvo , and said that the British government had that morning received despatches from Col Wylde , announcing that the mission in which he had been emnln . ved , conjointly with tbe Marquis de

      Ilespana , had failed , and that the Junta had refused to put an end to 'be civil war upon tbe terms proposed by her most faith'ul Majestv . or even to consent to a suspension of arras . The plenipotentiaries of Spain , France , and Great Britain , taking these circumstances into serious consideration , and calling to mind the deeu interest which their respective governments felt in the well-being of the kingdom of Fortugal , with the lively desire « f these governments to see the civil war which . . is desolating this country put "n end . to , on conditions founded , on one side , upon the respect due to the dignttv nnd constitutional rights of the crown , and calculated , on the other side , to ensure sufficiently the liberties of the people ; convinced

      moreover , tbat the terras proposed by her most ' aithful Majesty were well framed f « r attaining these two ends , concur in thinking that a conjuncture has now presented itself on which their respective governments might , in full conformity with the principh-a by which they are gnid < -d . accede to the d » mand of succour which is addressed to them by the Qu- en of Portugal . The Portnffue-e plenipotentiary , after expressing the satisfaction with which he received this declaration from tho plenipntentiaries of the three powers , showed the uraent necessity there was for taking measures in confirmit . y with these declarations , and represented that in the present state of affairs in Portugal , delay could only add to the blood already shed , and aggravate tbe calamities with which the

      kingdom of Portugal is affl'cted . Having regard to these circumstances , and persuaded of the urgency of the conjuncture , the plenipotentiaries of the three powers , resolved in common to accede to the demand of the Portuguese plenipotentiary , and it wasdecided in conspqnence bv the plenipotentiaries of the four p owers that the aid promised to the Queen of Portugal should be immediately afforded , and , according to this determination , the pleniputentaries of Spain , France , and Great Britain , engage that the naval forces of their respective governments actually stationed on the coast of Portugal shall take part conjointly and fmrncHiately with the naval forces of her most faithful Majesty in uny operation , deemed necessary or opportune by the commannVrs of these

      combined forces , in order to accomplish the object of this common act . Tl e plenipotentiary of Spain f-rther engages that a body of troops the number of which shall be agreed upon between theeovernments of Spain and Portugal , shall enter Portugal with the intent of co-operating vit ' i the troops of her most faithful Majpsty ; and that such troops shall retire aea n from Portugal within two months after their entrance , er sooner if tbe object of tbe expedition shall be fulfilled . The p l enipotentiaries of the four powers promise that ordeit conformable to the engaeement « of this protocol shall be immediatelv sent to the officers of the naw of the respective governments and to the general commanding the Spanish troops on the frontiers of Spain . ( Signed ) Xavikb Db Istuhitz—Jarrac

      rALHKKSTON—BIOHCOBVO . SWITZERLAND . The Constitution of Gensva uasconfitmed on the 24 th ult ., at a meeting of the people , - by a majority of 5 527 vote * out of 8 698 . Lettev-from Berne of the 27 th ult , bring iatelligewce that the differences so long prevailing among the Swiss cmtons , are likely soon to be brought to a crisis . The erand council of Berne have passed a resolution with only three dissentient voices , to instruct the deputies to tbe approaching diet to propose th appointment of a constituent assembly , invested with onvfcrs to effect a complete reform and

      reconstitn'ion of the federal pact . The object of this proceeding is to put an end , bv peaceable and legal means , to the ultramontane lepgue . After a long and animated debate , a division took place in the grand council on the following resolutions — " That the Bernese deputation to the federal diet be instrnctf-d to propose;—1 . That the separate alliance concluded between the cantons of Lucerne . Uri , Schwyz , LTnterwald , Zug . Fribnnrg , and the Valais , he dissolved as incompatible with the federal pact . 2 . That the federal authority pi-ocped to the immediate execution of this proposition by such legal means as mav be at its disposition .

      Letters from Berne , of the 2 . S'h nit . , ttate that the Councillor of State , Ochscnbien , flrmer chief of the free corps , has been elected Presidtn' of tbe Council of State , which means President of the Vorort and of the Dii ' t , bv 99 votes out of 151 . The assembly subsequently elected two colleagues for M . Oohsenbien of th «* ame political opinions , viz ., M . Schneiderand de Nidan ; and finally M . S rem-, Hi , who figured in tbe expedit on of the free C' < rps , was appointed director of the Finance Department . ITALY .

      Some disturbances have taken place at Leghorn on the publication of the decree relative to the press The people cried . " Long live the Grand Duke !" and then went to the house nf the Austrian Consul , and shouted . ' Death to the Au « trians ! " The Governor forbade the fete which had been projected for the 13 th in honour of the ' Pope ' s birthday ; but notwithstanding , the people assembled in crowds , and shonted , " Long live the Pope ! " " Long live Italy !" "D'wnwith Ausf . ra ! " The dragoons had to be called out to disperse the assemblage .

      MOROCCO . TAjfcrens Mat 15 th . —A fevr days ago we received intelligence that great portion of the Rif had revolted against Muley Abder-Rahman , and proclaimed Abuel Kader sultan . The troops sent to quell thi * revolution have been completely beaten nnd routed by the Rifenns . This revolutionary movement is daily increasing , and the tribe of tbe Beni Aram , amongst whom is Abd-r ' -Kader . takes the lead .

      UNITED STATES AND MEXICO . BtOODr BATTLE 1-DBFEAT OP TflB MEXICANS!—FUOHT O ? "SANTA ANNA ! The Rnval mail steam ship Caledonia , Captain Lott , arrived at Liverpool on Saturday , with the usual mails of the 16 th f < om Boston , and from Halifax to he 18 th inst . inclusivf , announcing tbe intelligence of the defeat of the Mexican troops under Santa Anna , at C' erto Gordo , the subsequent investment of the towns of Jalapa and Perote , and the capture of Tuspan . The engagement atCerro Gordo opened on the 17 th of April with a slight skirmish . On the 18 th a combined attack was made upon Santa Anna ' s position ; and shortly alter noon on that day Santa Anna , according to the accounts in the American iournals . himself gave the signal and example of

      flight , accompanied by Generals Almonte and Ca ^ naliro . and * few thousand men , towards Jalap > . The Mexican Joss in the engagement is estimated st Sm , subsequently swelled in the pursuit of the fugitives towards Jalapa , and that of the Americans in killed and wounded at 250 . No less than five gcneral officers were captured , and the whole Mexican array was completely disorganized . Santa Anna s carriages , paper * , plate , and baggage fell into the hands of the Americans ; Jalapa and Perote surrendered withAut resistance , and at the capital the defeat of the General had created the greatest alarm . Puebla was threatened . Santa Anna , with from J 600 to 2 , 000 troops , w » sat Orazaba , And , it is said , ha >? written to the capital for money and reinforcemeat * .

      India. The Arrival Of The Overland Mail ...

      "hen the news of the battle at ' Cerro Gordo reached the city of Mexico , the greatest excitement was created , but instead of a disposition for peace the reverse was the case . The Mexican Congress immediately resolved upon a series of eig ht ar ticles for prosecuting tbe defence of Mexico to the utmost . The first confers all power on the Government to carry on the war . The second forbids the President to make peace on any terms . Tho third denies the ri-ht of making contracts for colonization . Tlie fifth and mist important is as follows :- " Art 5 . Every individual is declared a traitor , let him be a private individual or public functionary , who , either in his private capacity , or invested with any authority , incompetentnr of revolutionary origin , may enter into treaties with the United States of America . " The rest of the articles relate to the public duties devol ving upon Congress . Eighty Members were present it the pasgine nf these resolutions .

      TUB BATTLE OP CERKO GORDO . ( From the New Weans Delta . ) after placir . g V . ra Cruz iu tho hands of a proper government , General Scott left at once for tbe city ol Mexice . On the arrival of the other divisions of tinarmy at the cncnmpmtnt of General"Twtofrs , on the 10 ( h of April , General Scott , after taking u reconnoissance ot th ? enemy ' s works dntermined to storm thim . The position occupied by the enemy was regarded by them aa impregnable , and truly to any other than Amriean soldiert it must have appeared an iiiHurmouiitabla und impriicti cabl « undertaking to carry it by storm or turn it by strategy .

      Th . road from Vera Cruz , as It pauses the Plan del Ith > which is a wide , rocky bed of a once larye stream , is conim mded by a serii ¦* of hi Kh cliffs , risinir one above tinother , and extending several miles , nnd all well fortified The road then de-ouches to th « riuht , and currinj Hmund the ridge pastes over a high cliff , which is com . pliitely enfiied by forti and battcrlc * . This ridge is the rommenct-roent ot the Terra Templa-la ; the upper or mountainous country—the right flunk of the positionand a series of most abrupt and apparently impassubl < mountains and ridges covercl their left . Between thetsipoint ? , running a distance of two or three mile . ' , a sucot'Hsirtn nf strongl y fortified forts bristled , at erery turn , nnd seemed to defy all bravery and skill . The Cerro G-irdo cimrnvindpd the road on a gentle declination . likia fitacis . for nearly a mile . An appnuch in that direction would have been the moat entire unniliilation of our army . But tbe enemy expected su « h » n an attack , cal . cutrttinjr upon th > r desperate valour of our men , believing that it was impossible to turn their position to tbe righi

      • '• r left . GetiiTtt ! Sc-itt , however , perceived the trap net for him and determined to avoid it . He ther- fore had a road cut to the right so as to escape the front fire from th * Cerro and to turn his positions to tbe left flunk , This movement was made known to tlie enemy by a rit . » " > ter from our camp , and consequently a hrgeincrease of f ., rce . under General Vejsa was sunt to the forts sn their left . General Scott , to cover his flank movements , on the 17 th - f April ordered forward General T n iggs against the ate p asceni in front and a little to the left of the Cerro . Colonel Harney commanded this expedition , and at the head of the rifl » s and some detcctiments of infantry and artillery carried this position in front and near the enemy ' s ' strongest fortifications , and having by incredible labour elevated orw of our large guns on tlie top ol the fort , General Scott prepared to follow up his advantages . A demonstration was made from this position against another fort to the rear and near the Cerro , hut the enemy were considered too strong and the undei . taking was abandoned . A like demonstration was made by the enemy .

      On the ilt-xt day , the 18 th , G eneral Twipgn was ordered forward from the position lie had already captured against the fort which commanded the Cerro . Simul . taneousJy an attack on tho torliScnthms on the enemy ' * left was to be made by G . neral Shield ' s and Worth ' s division , who moved in separate columns , whilst General Pillow advanced against the strong forts and difficult ascents on the right of the enemj ' s po « i < ion . The entroy fully . acquainted with Gmerai Scott ' s intended movement , had thrown large bodies of men into the various positions to be attacked . The most nerious . enterprise was that of Twiggs , who advanced against the main fort that commanded the Cerro . Nothing can be conceived more difficult than thin undertaking . The st-ep and rough character of the ground , the constant Are of the enemy In front , and the cr » s » fire of the forts

      and batteries which infilnted our lines , made the duty assigned to General Twiggs one of surpassing difficulty . Nothing p'evented our men from being utterly destroyed but the steepness of the ascent under which thi-y could shelter . But they sought no shelter , and onward rushed against a hailstrorm of balls and musket shot , led by thegallant Harney , whose noble bearing elicited the ap . plause of tho whole army . On , on , he U-d the ciiluumi * , whiwefr ntHnes me / ted before the enemy ' s fire like snow UhUhs in a torrent , and stayed not their course until , leaping over the rocky barriers arid bayoneting their Kunners , they drove their enemy pell-mell from the front , delivering a deadly fire into thwir ranks from thuir own guns as they hastily retired . This was truly a gallant deed , worthy of the Chevalier Bayard of our army , as the Intrepid Harney is well styh-d . General Scott , between

      whom and Colonel Harney there had existed some coolness , rode up to the Colonel after this atihitvement nnd remarked to him , "Colonel Harney , I cannot now odequately expr ss my admiration of your gallant achieve , ment ; but at thepreper time I shall tnku treat pleasure In thanking you in proper terms . " Harney , with the modesty of true valour , claimed the praise as due to his officers and men . Thus dni the division of the gallant veteran Twiggs carry the main position of the enemy and occupy the / on nbicb commanded th « road . It was here theenemy received their heatirst loss , and tlioir general , Ya ? q'j « , was killed . A little after . G . neral Worth having by great exertions passed the steep and craggy heights en the enemy ' s left , summoned a strong fort on the rear of the Cerro to surrender . This fort was manned by a largo force under General Piszon , a mulatto officer of considerable ability and courog-, who , seeing the Cerro can-led , thought prudent to surrender , which he did with all his force . General Shields was not so fortunatv

      in the battery which he attacked , and which was commanded by General La Vega . A heavy fire was opened on him , under which the fort was carried wbh some loeiby the gallant Illinoisians , under Baker nnd Bennett , supported by the New Yorkers , under Burnett . Among those who fell under this fire was the uallent general , who received a grape shot through his lungs , by which he was completely paralyzed , and at the last account . " was iu a lingering state . On the enemy ' s right General Pillow commenced the attack agninat the strong forts near the river . Tbe Tennesseans , under Haskill , led the column , and the other volunteerregiments followed . Tin column unexpectedly encountered a heavy fire frum a maskedbattor ) , by which Haskill ' s regiment was near . } cut to pieces , and the other volunteer regiments were se wr-ly handled . General Pillow- withdrew his men anil was preparing for another attack win n the operations at the other points having proved successful the enemy concluded to surrender .

      Thus the vlcory was compute , and four generals ano about 6 , 000 men were taken prisoners ny our army , and one of their principal generals and a large number of other officers killed . The Mexican force on this occasion certainly exceeded our own . The Mexican officers admitted that Santa Anna had 8 , 000 men in the liue « , and 6 , 000 , including 2 . 000 lancers , outside of the entrench , meats . General Scott ' s force was about 8 . 000 , G neral Quitman ' s brigade not having arrived in time to take part ia the engagement . The force of the enemy was composed of their bi-st soldiers . The infantry that fought so well at Buena Vista , nil the n gular artillerists of the Republic , including several able nava- officers , were present . Some of the ohVvrs whom General Scutt

      released at the capitulation of Vera Cruz without extorting the parole on account of their gallantry , were found among the killed and wounded . A gallant young officer , named Halxinger , a German by birth , who extoited th . < admiration of our army in tbe bombardment of Vrrn Cruz by seizing a flag which was nut down by our balls and holding it tip in his hands until a staff could be prepared , bad been released b ; . G .-neral Scott without a parole . He was found among the desperately wonndt-d at Cerro Gordo . The cnemy ' idos .-i ( in killed and wounded ; was about as large as our town ; but in addition to this the loss of some 6 . 0 ( 10 prisoners and some of their best officers . Our Sfniy cap-ured about SO pieces of beautiful brass cannon of large calibre and mostly iranutactured at the Royal Foundry of Seville .

      In California Gen . Kearney and Co ) . Doniphan , with a volunteer force nf' 2 000 meo . after an' exhausting march of 2 , 000 miles , from Missouri , defeated a greatly superior Mexican force under Gen . Pico at San Pasquel—captured Chihuahua aud won a brilliant victory over 4 , 000 Mexicans at Sacramento . Tho Mexicans fortified the . Pass of Sacramento , and had 1 . 200 cavalry . 1 , 200 infantry , 300 artillery , and l , 400 Uancheres . all of whom were routed , leaving 300 killed and as many wounded on the field . Their entire cannon , baggage train , and provisions were captured . Gen . Kearney , after the battle , took formal possession of Chihuahua in the name of the United States .

      Wiflan.—Collikrs' Mektino.— The Fourth A...

      WiflAN . —Collikrs' Mektino . — The fourth annual meeting of the colliergot Wigatt district was held at Aspull Moor , near Wigan , on Monday last ; on which occasion it was determined to present Mr W . P . Roberts , the " attorney-general" with a masMve gold chain , in testimony of respect , and as a trifling reward for the zeal and ability with which that gentleman bas endeavoured to promote the interests of the miners ef the district . After walking in procession through the streets of Wigan , headed by a band of music , and displaying numerous banners , a vast multitude assembled on the moor , early in tbe afternoon . The chain was duly presented to Mr Roberts , who acknowledged the compliment paid him , ami

      dealt out a little advice by way of instruction for their future proceedings ; and after several other addresses from delegates in attendance on the restriction of the hours of labour , ventilation of coal mines , and other subjects , the meeting quietly diapered . We learn from the Gateshead Observer that at a village near Harrogate the select vestry lately appointed a constable who could neither read nor write , and that the same village boasta a letter cartier who does not know a letter in the alphabet .. The Duchess of Marlborough is not alone as a sportswoman . The young Queen of Spain is said to be adroit with her fowling piece , and to wear on such occasions a skv-blue ridingMbit and black hat orDameDtsdwithwUich . ieathtrs *

      Firtpenai Fistiiaiirtiiiy

      firtpenai fistiiaiirtiiiy

      • Monday. Mii 31. ' ' 'House Of Lords.-B...

      • MONDAY . Mii 31 . ' ' 'HOUSE OF LORDS .-Bbitibh I »« BV 8 » i »« in PoRTDOAt . ^ in answer to a question from Lo M BaODOBAM . The Marquis of Lansdownb said , that no convention had been entcr « d into respecting the affairs of Portugal . A protocol had been signed by the three powers which bad before Interfered in tbe affairs of Portugal , namely , Great Britain , Franco , and Spain , the object of which

      was the pacification of that unhappy and distract ' d country , having a due n-gpect at the same time" to th ' constitutional rights of tho throne and of the people >> t that country . It would not be satisfactory to their lordships that he should lay upon tho table the pup-. rs alluded te by the » oble and learned lord unaccempunii-il b . other cotre * potl < U *\ ce , because ouch a course wnuM only bring on a premature discussion . The paper . * and correspondence upon this subject would be ' laid before Parliament , and no time would be . lost' in mnkinir th * t communication as soon as circumstances would jmtify it , and as soon nUo as it could bo made without injury to the public service .

      Factories Bill , —On the motion of the Earl of Ellesheue , the bill passed through committee . ' The County Buildings Bill , the Naval Service of Buys BiW , and th * Army Service Bill , were severally read a third time and p issed and their lordships rose . ' HOUSE OF COMMONS . — Affaibs or P » mdoal .-Lord G . Bentinck questioned the Government whether the protocol of the convention entered inlo between Great Britain , France , Spain , and Portugal , relative ' to the armed intervention in Portugal , published in the morning papers , was correct !—whether the Governmi-nt

      were in a condition to give Parliament the history of the circumstances and transactions which in their opinion justified their lnierpo » ition by an armed intervention in Portugal ?—whether they could state to the house the nature of the solemn declaration made in the course of last summer by the Queen of Portugal to her penp ' lr , the alleged infraction of which- tho declaration was s .-t forth by the Portuuuese people as their justification « — and whether the Government were in possession of information to the effect that the insurgents bad open prevented by the interposition of the British and Spani . h fleets from b < ing in actual possession of Lisbon t

      : Lord Palmerston replied that the protocal which appeared in tbe newspapers wns a f » ir translntlan nf that signed by the Plenipotentiaries of the four Powers ; that the protocol and papers set fort'the ground of tbe intervention ( wliich lie admitted was an exceptional case ) and also the papers bearing on the transactions ot last year would .- >( soon as possible ba laid on the table ; an " that alth » ugh there was a British naval force arid one or two Spanish Wsselg in the lagus , no collision had taken place with the insurgent forces . The noble lord made u r . quest to Mr Hume to postpone the diseussien ' on thpolicy of the intervention of which he had given hoticuntil the promised papers should be before the house Jfr IIcsib consented to postpone his motion to Fri day , upon which day he pledged himself to submit fr * resolution ( declaring the armed intervention unwarrantable ) whether the promised papers should be then In tin hands of members or not .

      Business of the Hooss . — lord J . Rpssell announced that the Bill for tbe Registry of Births , & e „ in Scotland , and the Marriage ( Scotland ) Bill , would br brought forward on Monday next , by the Lord Advocate , for the purpose of explaining their principles ; but thai they would not be proceeded further with this session . The noble lord also announced that the Ecclesiastical Commissioners Bill would be withdrawn , although he thought it absolutely necessary to make some alteration in the composition efthe present commission , and hop-d in a future session to carry such a Bill . With regard to the bills to be proceeded with , he proposed to tak > the aicond reading of the Railways Bill on Monday next , unless the discussion on the Portuguese intervention should interfere with it . Oa Thursday he proposed to go on with the English Poor Law Bill ; on Monday week ( the 11 th inst . ) the committee of the Health of Towns Bill would be proposed--a bill which he hoped would be carried during the session . To a question from Mr Collitt ,

      Lord J . Hdssell replied that it was tbe intention of the Government to introduce a Bill in the other bouse repealing that pan of the actbyutiich the bishoprics of Bangor and St Asaph are united , and to provide torn new Bishop of Manchester . But no provision could be made for any additional seat in the Home ef Peern , or for tbe payment of any portion of the Bishop ' s income out of the public funds . Poor Relief ( Ireland ) Bill . —On the order of the day for considering the Lords amendment to the Poor Relief ( Ireland ) Bill , Lord J . ItceiLi , called on the Speaker to give his opinion whether these amendments , as well as those made by theirLordships iu the Landed Property ( Ireland ) Bill , were an infringement of the privileges of the House of Commons .

      The Speaker said the Amendments made by the Lords in both these Billo did certainly infringe the privileges of the House of Commons . However , there was a precedent for waiving the objection to such an infringement us that made in the Poor Relief ( Ireland ) Bill ; ' but there was no precedent for waiving the maintenance of the privilege infringed in the Landed property ( Iiuland ) Bill . Lord J Russell , then , in moving the consideration of the amendments to the Poor Belief ( IreUnd ) Bill , after referring to the opinion of Lord Dunfermline , whilst Speaker of the house , on the question of privilege in a case arising from circumstances analogous to thosa proseated by ths Lords * amendments to tbat . bill , observed that he agreed with what had juit fallen from tbe Speaker as regarded the Invasion of the privileges of the

      house chargeable upon the amendments in question . It was for the house , however , to consider whether the amendments came within the cases in which they had formeily consented to waive their privileges , and whether , that being the case , it was or was not , on the whole , expedient to waive them on that occasion . lie himself was not disposed to think that they should press the point of privilege in the present case . But it was quite another question whether they should agree to the amendments proposed . The noble lord then proceeded to consider the state in which the bill had been returned to tbe house froii the House of Lords . He was happy to say . that , in its great and main features , it had come down to the house unchanged in its provisions . Tbe clause which had passed the house regulating the area of rating had been altered ; but o her alterations had been introduced

      into the bill which went fur to counteract the mischief which the changes effected In that clause might have produced . Considering , then , tbat tho bill wai un changed in its main features , and the great importance of having some niensurt- of the kind adopted during the present session of Parliament , he was disposed to ask tbe house to agree to the amecdments to which he had referred . The clause appointing ex-offieio uuardians had also been altered by the Lords , so as to provide that thehighest rated magistrates iu the union should , to the mumber of the elected guardians , constitute the ' ** effiein members of the board . This be considered an improvement upon the clauiie as it proceeded from the House of

      Commons . But it was also provided by the amendment , that if tho liiuhest rated magistrate should be nonr sidenthe shuuld be r . psesented by his agent , a provi . -ion which he remarried us most injurious , as it would give an undue advantage to a non-resident proprietor , mid frequently virtually place the agent , who might be rated on only £ ' 200 a year , before the resident magistrate who might be rated on £ 1 , 000 a year . From this portion of tbe amendment , therefore , he proposed that the house should distent . The other amendments were mere minor details . As U the amendments generally , he was happy to see that they bad effected no essential aleration in the bill , and he would move that they be now

      read . On the amendment limiting tbe area of rating to the electoral divisions being read , and on motion that it be retained , SirDtsuiii Norretb moved as an amendment that the House do not agree to it , Sir 3 , Gbahah had given his support to the clause as it was originally framed by Her Majest .- ' s Government , because he considered it to be a ju-t and polite arrangement . He expressed his sorrow that Lord J . Russell was now pr < pared to depart from that

      arrangement , because he was convinced tbat tbe amendment of the Iiords would materially impair the future success of the bill . He considered that the people of England had a great interest in retaining the original clause ; for if , iuthe present sute ot ! r « land , you rendered tho burden of the rates intolerable upon the towns of Ireland by driving into them the paupers of the rural districts , that burden would soon be transferred to the shoulders of the people ef F . ngl-nd . Already the municipal corporations of Ireland had found it cheaper to give the paupers a small sum of raon « y to convey themselves to England than to maintain ( hem either inor outof the workhouses

      in Ireland . Already Liverpool and Bristol and other ports on the Western , coasts had been flooded with ltlsh paupers ; and the evil of such a system was increasing so fast that it would rcquirethe active intervention of Parliament in tho rint sension . Still he would rather meet that evil at present than run tbe risk of losing this bill altogether ; and be , therefore , should give his very reluctant assent to this amendment of the Lords . Sir G . Geit observed that further consideration had not medified the opinion in reference to this clause which

      had been justly attributed t » him by the right honourable gentli man . Nor was ha disposed to differ very much from what had fallen from the right honourable gentleman in reference to the principle of the clause . He thought , however , that tbe right honourable gentleman and others had underrated tho effect of the clause which had been substituted for that in question . If the bill In iis amended shape were not found 'o work well , tbe attention of Patll-mient would speedil y be redirected to it , a consideration which , in conjunction with the necessity which existed of having the bill passtd during the present session , iuduwd him to consent t » the

      amendment . Sir It . Inqlu suggested a conference with the Lerdt on the subject . Lord G . Beriincs : said he could not see how this amendment would lloodEujjlaud with paupers from Irelond more than the original clause , for the paupers of that country must be supported within Iteither by union districts er by electoral divisions . Whether the house established either one or the other , ho had no doubt that England would be flooded with Irish paupers , until em-Payment was found for the poor « f Ireland Jn Ireland ,

      • Monday. Mii 31. ' ' 'House Of Lords.-B...

      » r u i ill nom ' e i : » od ¦ system of emigration'lwa » iprovijaa » or them ,.. Lord J . Russell had , however , ukim the beat ineatn'poislble lopr-vrnt that em ) loymeut from ' beina giv < n to them m Iren . nd , and he must bear the results of pi * own impolicy ' j Sir II . Bab «<> n who highly pleased with the amendment of the Lord * , as he considered it to be a great tin . provHue' -tfcuri the bill , and to have a tendency to pro . mote i ^ . u ' s ' eful and practical working . He complslned . ft ' lie insolMit language which had heen adopted' by ci *» tain menit'ers in that house , and by the pressgeneraliy . in , speaking ot IrMi iatinlordB . aiid asserted that it reflected di-gr-ce , ti' -c tip ou iliosc who were the objects of it , but upon th" « e wh » finpioyi-d it .

      Mr Curtkis read 8 r H . Barron a sercro lecture fir venturing to denounc lUf liinguajie of hon . memUrg who reprobated the inhumanity ef the Irish landlords aa ' Intent bhiwi * - " « rti « no' " . * hy *•*? " sdould yield to the Homm of L'rds on tins » m . odm « S and therefore ft * ihunM like to sec th « saggM , of Sir R Inalis carried into . fleet . He did not th » nkthat if the Home riveted this amendment , the House of Wd « oouid dure to reject this bill in some shape or oth . r . . ., Mr P . Scar-Ps coiiwndod that electoral rating- would be a strong t ne-mrHgement to the clearance sjstem , which « as now carried on to a frig htful i-xtent In iraland , He mentioned a rase , in which an Irish landlord had nb-iilutely burnt a house over the head of a Miautj in or . i . rti ) . Irivv liim from hi * estate ; and entered into the dwtails of several othei c : ivis . which , if truei vvinced great inhumanity on the part of the landed proprietore ot Ireland

      Mr . SifiEL protested siainstthisami'iidment as member for llHiiiiarvon . and regretted excessively that it had been introduced into tho bill . At this moment the ponr . riiiea in Dimgarrnii tveie 4 s C-l in the pnund / aiid » cre' , !} Win the country districts twenty miies ' tVon * it . The ca « e wns pi' cisely the same in other bnrougft towns in Ireland ; and he attributed i < to the facr . that Ireland had siUy . fnur county , and only forty-one bornuirh members . Thus the interest uf the towns were always vncrifiod t <> that oi the rural iiistrh : ' * in Ireland . Mt O-bornb , as a constituent of Mr Shiel ' s , borooufc hi « siaieinciit in regard to the pressure of the rates on he borough ot Dungarvon , nlthuujh he did nut ajtree with hi'u as to tin- precise mode of relieving it . He did not , aee , however , why the ri ^ ht hon . Kenl ! rmnn , 'f 'he representation of Ireland was so defective , did not bring ; ftirwnrd a measure to amend end extend it—a matter

      which was so eloquently advecxtcd by Mr O'Connell . By the bill before the house the " property of ti eland was m » rtgagi-il to the poterty of Irelann , and the ci-edi . tor would soon walk in , " He would support any measure ) which went nearer ton national rating tonn the present xystem All the credit of passing the Irish Pour Law was due , not to the voyernnii nt , hut to Mr P . Scrope . "ho had been hammering at it night after night for y > -ur » past . Th it hon . gentleman was , however , taking » very gri-vlous responsibility rm himsdf when he read a i i-hapt- r out of the registry of horrors , aud indulged ia his taste for romance by denouncing l » ndlo : ds for burn * in * hnuses ' over the heads ot their tenants . There tviia as much truih in that assertion as there was in tlie aspersions whic ^ i he had cast < ju Lord Btrehaten , and of which Mr Lnbuuchere had a complete refutation in his uockot .

      Mr Labodcueke , being thus cal ' ed on , entered into a vindication nf Lord Berehav-n irom the charges preferred auamst him by Mr P . Si-rope , and s howed that that nobleman had Cone his duty as a resident magistrate and a country gentleman , in relieving this r ) esitu « tinn of hi * poorer nMghfcoura . Though he thuu lit that thearo-nilimntof ihe Lords would niaumiiyinu ( lair the ?/ li < : ii'iicy of tb > - hill , hr could not eniictu- either m tin pr < vp ** Uioii ot S-v j ) . v > o « vj ! ., ov in tVw Miiige . stioa of Sir Jv . J-. i ^ is . He S knujiit that ii ;» tui ' . rt oourso would b « y wj-tte of tinie , ivr . it vnnilii leu ; to iih ussfc'l result * . After a few word ? , of rspl-. natien from it" P v ' . ' . 'fie , » s to the atack which his hiu mida > . a l > r

      3 vr It . Ham . showed that the sutusniiiins *> -. ieb O-r P ,. S ' c . 'ope hnil mitde respestm . ' thif . -i-xtenwe t ) r « .-wB « fi now Roingfovw . wrt in Ireland -veto wot i-. i-re wtv > t . e . u as Mr O . ii'omi ) averted , bv r .: ai ! irii , ' a ViiclHmWhry paper , " lrnm which it iijipwir-d thai 6 fl 0 i . j . ruj'" - " '' * >¦ ' « served at B . tllin * in the mouth < i J-vmnry . ItUT . Ho then proceeded to condemn the Lords' «; : n-n'imeut :: aH to reply at some l > = n ^ th to the arguments used in utf defence by Lord M"iiteat : le . Lord Moittcagle had been receiving public money , in other words , out-dour relief tor the List sixteen or seventeen years . Two of his soua were aUo ree ivtna the same . relief , for they

      wt re in pnssrsHon of lucrative offices under government , and both were treading worthily in the footsteps of their lather . Now , Lord Montengle had proposed to liwtt tha administration of outdoor r < lief in Ireland to a yewrand a halt ; and as his Lordkhip thought that that was a good principle to apply to his poor countrymen , he n » w gave notice that if anybody would bring in a bill to limit the duration of Lord Monteagle ' s salary to a year and a half from that time , he would itl- 'd ' y support » ach » measure . He then made a pungent attack on tho Irish landlords , and concluded by expressing a hope that , if Ministers agreed to thia amendment , which wr . uld lead to the transmission of flecks of Irish paup ers to Eog . land , they would brinjj in a bill to render the removal of them luck to Ireland more easy , and to place the butdctt of 'hat removnl on the property ot Inland . The attack called up Sir II . B-u-ron Mr B . Oibnrue , and Mr Callaghtin , who all wished to reply to his obser . vations , but were compelled by the Speaker to limit themselves to mere explanation .

      Mr French , Mr Stewart , Mr Watson , Mr it'Owthy took part in the subsequent discussion , ^ nd on » oivieioa Sir O , Norrry ' s amendment was lnsi-by a majority ol 64 ; thus retaining the Lords' Hn . enduient . The other amendments to the bill were then severally agreed to with the exception of that objected toby Lard John Ruwll , ln his opening statement , in refcrenoo to the appointment of tfn > aeents of the burlient rati pay . Ing magistral's to be ex officio iiU'irdi-ns , where themagistratea in question were noli re-itient proprietor * . Landed Propebty ( Ibeland ) Bill . — The Chamjbl . lor of the Exciiquer then . in moving that the hou < e lake

      into consideration the Lords' amendments to the Liinded Estates ( Ireland ) Bill , explained the amendments to which , according to tbe interpretation of the Speaker , tbe house couldnot assent without sanctioning an iu « iringement of its privileges , one of which amendments consisted of a clause which had burn inserted in the bill , giving a power to apply a portion of the advances re . ceived by Irish proprietors to the construction of buildings of various descriptions , to which tin- House of Com . mens did not think any portion of th « money should ha applied . To the other amendments that objection did not exist , and he moved that they he now tva * .

      Lord G . Bentinck thought that the house should ia that case waive ts privileges , as it had done in the last , . tad agree to the Lords ' amendments . Mr Labouchere pointed out the coHstitutioiial rea . sons which prevented hira from acceding to the ~ nidation ot tho noble lord intimating at the v . inie tbat his principal objection to the amendments in uuewor . »«» grounded more upon the question of privtlnte which they involved , than upon any very material ib-fi-ct which he could discover iu the amendments themselves . Mr NbWdesate thought that the riifht honourable gentleman had placed his advocacy of tne pnvil . gas ot the house upon a very narrow ba » i « . Mr GoiiLBuaN regarded tbeprivileir- in question , that relating io the application ofmoneji voted out of tn . cm . solidated fund , as one of the most valuable it . the possession of the hou » e , and trusted th » t th y would tin n take no course which would in any riegtee . oirproniue it .

      Some further discussion followed , and ulnmiuely the various amendments to the bill were agreed to , with the exception of such as infringed the privilege * of the houses . A committee of conference was then nominated nnd appointed to confer with the Lords upon tbe rtjeetei amendments . Destitute Poor ( Ireland ) Bill—On the motion of the Chancellor of tbe Exchequer , the h-u-e resolved itself into a committe outbe Destitute P-or ( Ireland ) Bill . In the committee , the Chancellor of the Excbkjhsb , after reminding the house that » t an early per > m » ol the session he had obtained leave from the bnu > e to , raise £ 300 , 090 on the security of the rates in IrehuW and that ha had subsequently obtained a grant ot ilOOO . wie from

      the Consolidated Fund to meet the destitution which then prevailed in tbat country , observed > 1 mi he now cama forward to propose to the committee that he should be permitted to raise a further sum of £ 6 l ) B . 000 on the security of the rates , and that he should be allowed to call for the advance of it from the C-msolidaierl Fund ta order to supply the de . 'titution of Ireland umll . iUe next harvest . He had already informed the lions- that the advances made under former acts of Parliament -riative to public works amounted since August last to H SOD QNJ . That system , however , had been brought neariy to * close , and-with the exception of 27 or 28 eU-o ortl districts , the new system of relief had been brought into operation throughout the whole of Ireland . H « waa happy to state , that wherever the gentry of Ireland acted cordially In the spirit of that sy « ttra , it hud been productive of the greatest improveiu » ut . The Public Work * had been abused , be waa very sorry to s » y , by all ehs » Mt in Ireland , The relief committees instead ot rniinly revli > Uf the lists , had only added numbers to numbers , anot

      the comequence was , that upwards of 7 W . ' & W . P » . . »«» . » nS * been placed on the public works . T he governm ent had found it impossible at first to get persons withdrawn two the public works ; and it was not till the 2 » tli of ? " * that it had succeeded in obtaining a forcible redart «( . of their numbers . By tbat reduction thes « vernm « ntliia got the spring crops sown . The government P »< M ™« J made another reduction , and be was uor « we tM »» ^ would have been able to make it , if it hadnottemgh ttto tened to ntop all the works oa the 1 st of M « y ?^ Ihe result bad been that the expenditure ^ JJ * " *^ " *; had been diminished from the sum of £ 289 , 100 . expend . * weekly iu March last , Jown to £ 63 , 000 . expended weekly at present . The new system of relief was now in operation in 1 M 0 out of 2 . 050 electoral divisions , and we were now affording 2 , 253 , 000 rations a day in Ireland . : . A # q « staling that there was every reason to beKeve that the system would be altogether successful , be conclude *! bjr moving a resolution that £ 600 . 000 should be advancedfrom the Consolidated Fund for Ihe purpoMB . wkkh bft

      had already stated , and by declaring that , if before rar « liament separated it should appear to be necessary t « take another vote for those purposes he should come dona to the house and ask for it in tbi confident hope tbat should obtain it .

  • Citation
    • Northern Star (1837-1852), June 5, 1847, page 7, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse.ac.uk/periodicals/ns/issues/ns2_05061847/page/7/