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Northern Star (1837-1852), 5th September 1846, Edition 2 of 3, Page 7, $mw\.Mv&umy

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    • Sonxwn iHotements AFnrriirtt ^aUa»«a..»->
    • Samoilow widow who tea* U^. -^ letter fr omS t l^tersbnrgh
    • $mw\.Mv&umy
    • SuiPWnixiv —On Um mornln? ot * Thursday last
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      The Press In Sonxwn Ihotements September...

      September 5 . I 84 fi ' / _ THE NORTHERN STARI i ^

      Sonxwn Ihotements Afnrriirtt ^Aua»«A..»-≫

      Sonxwn iHotements AFnrriirtt ^ aUa »« a .. » - >

      " Ana I Wffl War , At Leastia Words, ' (...

      " Ana I wffl war , at leastia words , ' ( 4 n 4—shoutamy thanes sohappen- *«& , ) With all who war with ThangVJ " * " ^ Chi nk I hear a Kttla bird , * ao sings 3 he people by and by will if * be stronger . '' —Britosr . REVEL * HONS OF RUSSIA . ' so . Tin . Circ ume ^ nctg compel as to defer till next week { heCWitmuationof the"Reflations of Russia , " in ihe meantime we give the following extracts : —

      MILITARY DRILL IN RUSSIA . Several of the riders were looking anxiously at the leaping bar , and counting the number of holes at which it waa placed , -with trepidation , when the Grand Duke , to their utter discomfiture , caused it to be raised several pegs higher . 'Now , * said the Grand Duke to one of his aides de-camp , « I think that will do—go and try it . ' c Monseignenr ! ' replied the colonel aide-de-camp in an accent of involuntary supplication , * it is rather h !

      hig ' What I dog . whose mother I have defiled ! ' roared Constautvne—and the aide-de-camp , dreading more the wrath of the Prince than the barrier , at enee sparred his horse at it ; but , in the first place , it was too high for his horse te rise to , and , in the aext . he -was tco nervous to lift him . so that the animal turned short round . Tho Grand Duke jumped in an instant on his charger , which a soldier held beside him , and leaping backwards and forwards over the bar , he came up to the colonel , and spat full in his face .

      'There , ' he roared , * is It too high ? Go to the barracks , hound—a , month ' s arrest . ' * 1 hsve erred * repeated the colonel witkhumilUy ; and , watching till the Grand Duke ' s head was turned , 1 : o wipe the spittle from his face , he sneaked off to the place of arrest . Constantine now ordered another of the riders to fake the barrier , who . although he was tossed about on the saddle , gained such desperate energy from the terrors of the Grand Duke behind him , that he forced bis horse to clear it . ' Pat np the bar a peg higher . And , on a signal made , another unfortunate officer advanced to attempt the leap ; but his hand conveyed a tremulous motion to the rein—once , twice , thrice , bis horse refused it . 'Dashup against it ; spur him at it ! 'thundered the Grand Dake .

      The terrified rider spurred his horse , and the animal stopped suddenly short , flinging him over its head . * Oh , tbe fool ! ' said tbe Grand Duke ; ' a month ' s arrest . Now , get on asain . * But he could not hold the bridle ; bis left arm was broken . * Take him away , I am glad of it ; I wish it was bis neck ! Put up the bar a peg higher . Now , you , Sir , get upon that horse and take him over . ' And thus half-a dozen horsemen were forced successively to attempt the leap , till they were thrown , or their horses thrown down , or the men injured against the barrier .

      At length it came to the turn of tbe two degraded men . The Duke bad caused the bar to be so constantly raised that there seemed no chance of being able to leap it But , if the barrier was before , the thunder of Constantino's voice was behind them . The excadet first attempted , or feigned an attempt , of the futility of which be was beforehand persuaded , for bis hor .-e refused the leap . By this time the Grand Duke was furious . " Take him lip to it Willi more life , bound ; use tbe spur ' . Dash him to atoms against It I Break all his cursed bones

      and your own too , or I will have them broken tor you . '' But the rider , smarting under bis degradation to the ranks , had turned dogged , and persisted in bris ^ ng Lis charger at a safe face up to the leap . ' Get off , devil ' s bead V ( Chortovu golovo , } roared tbe Grand Duke . 'Begone to tbe guardhouse ; 1 award you five hundred lashes ! 2 J « w you , " be continued to the ex-lieutenast : * aud if you don't take it , I hare defiled rour mother ! I will have both man and lorse pricked over with lances , '

      Thus admonished , the degraded omeer . wbo was a good rider and well mounted , lifted bis horse so energetically that he carried him to the other side of the barrier , though not indeed without grazing it with his feet . ' He touched—he touched " said the Grand Duke ; ' bring him back . ' fie leaped back . * Now again , " said Constantine . This time the horse fell headlong with his rider . ¦ * Put him to it again V roared the Grand Duke . But all the desperate effijrts of the ex-lieutenant , ¦ from whose nose and mouth tbe blood was streaming the while , seemed usable to determine the affrighted and perhaps injured animal to rise again At length lie rider let the bridle relna drop In utter discouragement on the horse ' s neck . ' Let me crave ten minutes" rest , Your Imperial Hishnes . '

      * Did my horse touch when I leaped it V asked the Grand Duke . * In ihe first place , the bar bis since been raised maaypegs ; in the next , Your Highness is better mounted , " said ibe Lithuanian , growisg reckless . ' Oil ! he reasons with me , he argues . Off your iorse : to the barracks . live hundred lashes with the other . '

      THE KNOUT . * Some idea of tbe exquisite torture inflicted by this most dreadful instrument of Russian punishment maj be formed from the following description of the . weapon itself , and of its mode of application . The handle of the knout may be two feet long , a little more or less , to which is fastened a flat leather thong about twice the length of the handle , terminating with a lar e copper or brass ring ; to this ring is affixed a strip ofhida about iwa inches broad , at the ring , and terminating at the length of about two feet , in a point : this is soaked in milk , and dried in the sun to wake it harder , and should it fall , in striking the culprit , on the edge , it would cnt like a penknife . At every sixth stroke the tail is changed , a plentiful supply of these being always kept ready , and wrapped np with much greater caution and care than the executioner's children , and certainly kept imnch cleaner .

      The subjoin- d is an account ot a knowing punisli m » nt , as Wttncssod by an EnjIUh traveller : — " A coach , man—and , of course , a slave— of a nobleman , baring murdered his master , found means to escape , but he was taken at Xovorgorod , brought back to Petersburg , and there sentenced to receive one hundred and fifty strokes Of the kr . out , to have his face marked with a hot iron , Ms nostrils torn out , and , if he survived , to inhabit Siberia for the rest of his life . The sentence was carried into execution in the folhjwing manner : —He was taken from the prison about nine o ' clock in the morning , and CQUlUvtedtOtbe pulice office gate , whence the police Blister , with the police guards on horseback , conducted him to the place uf execution , about two English miles , the be . iit 11131 ket being at the end of the Xeoski

      Perspective where such punishments are inflicted . There is always some ceremony observed , common as these punishments are . and there « r = re several police guards tc clear the way ; then came ihe head police master , attended hy several district police masters , and , after them , a detachment of police guards on horseback . Sext , surrouadid hy a number of the same guards on foot , walked the criminal , bareheaded , with fetters on his legs aud handcuffed . He was a bearded peasant , dressed in the I < m » biui habit which is cjuimouly worn , with striped pastaloans . Behind him walked the two executioners , with the knouts under their arms . When arrived at the place of execution , a detachment of regular troops fc-pt tha mob clear of the block aud boards upon which he Was to "be fastened .

      • The dreadful ceremony began with a short prajer , then the culprit was stripped naked to his waist and laid down upon the board ; his neck was strapped down to a groove , as were his arms to blocks upon each side . The £ rst executioner , taking the knont , began by raising himself on his toes at each stroke , taking , as it were , correct -distance—at each blow wiping the blood off with his finsersfroin the thong , observing an interval of two or three seconds between each stroke . After g iving six lashes , he was replaced by the other executioner , who . gave tbe same number as the former , thus changing every six eats , and at each time taking fresh thongs . On receiving the flrst stroke , the culprit shrieked violently ; but nature soon gave way , and after six cats the criminal Sad not a slight tremor of his fingers indicated life , might have been believed dead .

      Oil tills occasion , tbe culprit masunaole to receive more than 30 lashes ; the executioners nmied hlui , and raised him on his legs , the one held his hands brhind the man ' s head to support it ; the other took the marking iron , with the letters Vor ( thief ) cut thereon . This is composed of a number of iron spikes on a flat piece of wood , precisely the same as is used by rope-makers when they clear the hemp ; it was fixed In a round wooJen handle . Striking the handle with his hand , the sharpened irons were driven to the wood , on the forehead and the two cheeks of the culprit . After that be took a pair of pincers , like sugar-nippers 5 he put one cide of them into the nostril , and the other the outside of the skin of the nose , and with a violent jerk he tore eot the nerve ; he then repsattd the same operation on the other side , and the Criminal ' s torture finished for that day . The poor devil ¦ was then placed in a . cart and conducted back to prison .

      * This Extractis Nof Tahen From The Work...

      * This extractis nof tahen from the work entitled " Revelations of IUussia , " hut is , we believe , bj the same author .

      Samoilow Widow Who Tea* U^. -^ Letter Fr Oms T L^Tersbnrgh

      Samoilow widow who tea * U ^ . - ^ letter fr omS l ^ tersbnrgh

      States That Tbe Countess Samoilow A Wido...

      states that tbe Countess a had wntracted a second marriage witn a foreigner at KeZ bas been Condemned to lose her property , which will be nut up to public auction within the iaUuMa ,

      States That Tbe Countess Samoilow A Wido...

      THE PRESS IN PRUSSIA . ( From tbe Morning Chronicle . ) _ ,, „ . Hamburg , Aug . 11 , 18 i 6 . The Prussian government is acting upon a strange and arbitrary principle and it is impossible that tfo present discontent in Prussia can last long wiS some awful demonstration . A short time a 4 tK two important newsDapera published in Bremenl ? r ! n ^ "t-T e llber * , ewsa" well-conductedwere prohibited from circulation in the Prussian dominions The editor of the Bremen GazeZ wrote and pnnted a rep y ( which has not appeared vet in * 7 f L ^ t' t T . the s ? ™** ™ 15 to obtained a copy , whicb 1 now enclose , and of which you canmake use or not , as you think proper . Prussia has recently added another list ofbooks lo those that were previously proscribed , and altosetherthere appears to be something very rotten in that state at present : — thr mm

      The veto which Prussia has launched against our journal , adds one ring more to the long train of incongruities which all affairs relating to the pres * in Prussia generally present . In all times the maxims of this system have been quarantine laws , which enchain the free spirit of man , as fruitless in effect as they have been hateful in theory in the eyes of the people , who sec nothing in them- hut a want of self-confidence in the government , a want , too , o' * anything like a generous view of human affairs . Unhappily , these maxims are with us alffaya Pie order of the dav . One mav reckon up the vetos on books by hundreds ; and whilst on every side the censorship is handled more stringently , there is one state

      which actually holds for insufficient the police and preventive maxims against the press , which are followed hy others . While Prussia throws impediments in the way of the journals which are published in Austria , this last takes offence at the whole of the periodical press which is published in other parts of Germany , and especially forbids the Berlin journals ; whilst Ba varia prevents the entry of a journal which actually is subsidised by the Prussian cabinet , and extends the same prohibition to a journal which appears at the very s ? at of the Confederation , Denmark takes good care to let but few periodical sheets enter Holstein , and Saxon journals are forbidden in Prussia .

      " We , on our side , shall hold ourselves excused from offerins any justification for Prussia , because tbe Berlin Minister of the Interior has not thought fit until now to justify by any but veryslight reasons his very strong measures . It pleased him to take summary measures against us , and to condemn us without ceremony . This much , however , is certain , that we on our side have always respected every legal order , and that our system of politics has always teen based upon the actuality of circumstances , and that we have never , lost sight of the consideration * which decorum demands . If any one has anything to say to the contrary , let him step forward and speak—let him put his complaints in shape if he has any to make , and we will answer him . Haughty silence proves nothing , and in our day there is not

      a mortal who believes in the infallibility of a cabinet . In a state which particularly prides itself on beintt supreme in intelligence above its neighbours , those whom they reckon their opponents ought to be combated with spiritual arm ? , and not with police regulations . In accordance with the public opinion of all Germany we could not accord any esteem to the so-called ' good press' conducted as it has been in Prussia , and we looked with joy to the announced Journal des DebaU of Berr ' . n . We hoped once for all and at last to meet with something like decorum and diznifiv d discussion of public events from an organ of the government . Whenever , they began their career not with reasonings , but with prohibitions , then it is that we do not comprehend what purposes a government journal serves , when it ties up the speech of other journals

      " Tim prohibition of the Bremen journal is in direct opposition to the words which Frederick IV ., King of Prussia , uttered so clearly , 'that he loved an opposition founded on reason ; ' these were the very words of the Kins : and a ministerial proclamation repeated , on the 2 oth of December , 1812 , the expression of the royal Will i ' that neither opiaions honourable , loyal , and liberal , when duly considered , nor freedom of words ought to be trammeled ; and that the field of public discussion , when truth was the object in the view , ought as little as possible to be encumbered . * Our worstenemies will allow us , we hope , to have © pinions and we trust that it will be

      impossible for them to bring proofs that our opinions are not honourable , not loyal , and not libera ) . We are privileged to maintain our position with respect to Prussia ; first , because it is the birthright of even German born to form a judgment concerning German events ; secondly , because we have never overstepped the limits of the law ; and thirdly , because the written , spoken and printed will of the Prussian king gives us a right to do so , as clear as the sun ai noon-day . ^ e have made use of this right , and wc have ever preserved in our judgment of public affairs . 1 decent and modified tone ; nevertheless there now comes this prohibition without the smallest motive .

      " At the end of the year 1542 the AU ^ emeine Zeittmy < if Leipsig was forbidden in Prussia , because it was a " collection of lies , misrepresentations , mischievous suppositions upon Prussia and its government , and these notonly in ' speclalparagrtphs . but in its general t'jndenec" In the ministerial ordinance referring to it , it was remarked that it was with the greatest unwillingness they found themselves forced to proscribe it ; it was only caused by exceptional circumstances . The ministry went on to say , that to everything which catae under the domain of intellect and interchange of ideas and opinions , they wished as much a $ possible to give free circulation ; and for this reason they wished to have it understood that the unity of the German nationality should be developed more vitally and strongly- On the other hand , according to the rules which they have always followed until now , and which they still wish to follow , ' such prohibitions are especially to be avoided ; ' and then the ordinance refers to the above cited ordinance of the Kins ol

      Prussia * * * "In the above-mentioned ministerial ordinance we see tbat it expresses a wish for the unity oi German nationally . That freedom of the press should punish no one forthe expression of his opinions , would prov < r one of the most perfect levers of the national strength . a lever that ought rather to be strengthened than weakened . One must not look upon the press as a figure in the ombres CAinoises , whose movements are to be regulated by a thread , for the mind does not allow itself to he put upon half-pay until it is wanted forservice . Whoever wishesto produce great results must not be turned aside by slight impediments ; and especially he must not permit himself to give way to tiie maxim that the public mind need be directed by employees . The public mind may be guided , but it is

      only by free dhcassion and persuasion , not by prohibitions or ordinances of the police . This tutelage of the press is the greatest enemy of the unity of German nationality . It was this tutelage which forced the people to turn their regards upon England and France , and to institute a comparison between their circumstances and ours . The spirit of nationality increased in Germany proportionably as the freedom of the press . Now the press is sacrificed as the goat of expiation , and made to pay for the offences and embarrasments which it had no hand in producing . The consequence is , that tho German people lias turned itself aside from the German press , bowed down as it is by the tvrannv of the police , and gathers all its iispirations from England , France , and North America . That the present reaction is at all profitable to German national spirit , no one will by any possibility

      . * * * " We have endeavoured to respect every species of authority , and also to regard every kind of decorum . We have spoken our thought plainly of the unconstrained and national developemcnt of Germany , and we intend to continue the subject . The prohibition which was launched against . Mir paper in Prussia has not persuaded us that we were in the wrong . "

      Algeria. The Startling Statements Given ...

      ALGERIA . The startling statements given balow we extract from the work of a French author , the Count St . Marie , entitled " Algeria in 1815—A visit to the French Possessions in Africa . " The following extracts show the heavy price France has to pay for her dear-bought " glory , " to say nothing of the loss of character , the result of the hideous !* razzias which for the most part constitute the sanguinary and profitless victories gamed over the partisans of Abd-el-Kader . ENORMOUS COST W HBJf AXD MONEY" OP THE WAS

      AG . VISST THE ARABS . The sacrifice of men is proved by some very correct statistical accounts which have been kindly communicated to me . I find that the average mortality during fifteen years is 100 men per day , In conse quence of sickness or the fire of the enemy ; making an annual loss Of 30 . 500 individuals ; consequently during these fifteen years since the occupation , France must have lost 547 , 500 men . The sacrifice of money is thus calculated . Every year the

      five millions of francs for the army , over and above ordinary pay which the soldiers would receive it they were in France ; two millions for the navy ; two millions for pirsons emploved in the different departments 01 civil service , viz .: the administration of the interior , of finance , of the police , of rivers and forests , and of the clergy ; and finally , one million for the secret fund , lor presents and losses . All the items form a total of t « m millions of francs annutlly , which multiplied by fifteen for the years of occupation , gives the sum of on ehundred and fifty millions .

      This appears enormous , but is nevertheless below the mark , for the 517 , 501 ) deaths must be taken into account . Eacli of the men who have perished in Algeria cannot We costless than two hundred and seventy-four francs . It must have bsen necessary to prepare stations with allowances to . support Own on their march from the in-

      Algeria. The Startling Statements Given ...

      terior to the place of embarkation ; to convey them and provide'for them in veiseis often hired from commercial companies ; to clothe and arm them ; to mir » e them in the hospitals , and leave them their shirts to be buried in . Thus the whole , amount is abiorbed in a minimum sum assigned to each of the dead , without taking account of the living ; from which it may be inferred that the enormous figure of one hundred ana fifty millions does not represent one-foartb of the real amount , l it eeems inconceivable that in a country like France , where men of high capacity control the measures of government—where the chambers of Feers and Deputies carefully investigate all questions submitted to them , and vote the sums necessary for the budgets of different ministerial deparfnents , only after long debates and

      ample imformation—it was not felt to be a question worth entertaining , whether Algeria should be retained or not . Why has it not been perceived that that colony is a bottomless gulf which is daily enlarging , and that after " all kinds of sacrifices it will be necessary to abandon a conquest which brings in nothing gave gome custom-house duties , not amounting to four hundred thousand francs per annum . Out of that sum the salaries of the persons employed in the customs ' service must be paid . There Is no tax on fixed property or on persons , and the contributions of cattle levied b y ihe troops on the Arab tribes cannot he considered as receipts , for the sale of the cattle produces very little , and the money thus raised is usually distributed among the soldiers .

      ABD-EL-KADEB . " One individual maintains tho sacred fire among the Arabs—the Emir , Abd-el-Kader I "When a young Marabout of thirty-five , he threw aside Ids staff , and girdinn on his yatagan , heuttered the words , " My brethren , be f ree ! " His voice is powerful , and ha is obeyed . At first the French spoke of him derisively . When it was known that he had appeared on any point , they declared themselves happy to have a palpable enemy to deal with . They seemed to sport with him , and to let him escape in their encounters . It was said that tho French troops often had opportunities of capturing : him , but would not . However , his power grew up insensibly . As the head of rel'gion , he has proclaimed a Holy War . The standard

      which is carried before him , was brought from Mecca , and probably if any power were to aid him in his plans ' , France would soon be nothing in Africa . In the brilliant reports of the Marshal , ho is always put to flight ; hut why is he notpursued T Is it that his horses are more ileet than those of the French ? It is pretended he has be' -n defeated but no such thing . At the head of four regiments of regulars , formed in the "European manner , commanded by a French captain of artillery , with the field pieces carried by camels , and twenty-five thousand Arab horsemen , he is encamped tranquilly on the confines of the Desert , on tho other side of the great Atlantic . There his troops repose , until he resolves to commence the new campaign . '

      Those who have most reason to complain are the unhappy tribrs ; when the Emir presents himself , they arc compelled to enrol themselves in his service ; when the French columns arrive , they are shot for having aided the rebels . In this sad alternative their blood is sure to flow . But let France beware ! The government oi the sword cannot last for crer . If the French want the head of the Emir , they may soon have it . That he knows . A treaty with him is still , perhaps , an easy matter . To make that will ba the wisest course ; tor after him three other Marabouts are ready to continue the war . But if dangers are apprehended en the confines of the territory , the mismanagement of the interior needs mora speedy repression . Men in office unfit for their posts , and scandalous in their conduct , should be dismissed . Let a prince of the blood come as a viceroy , and implant laws of justice and equity amidst a peaceful and laborious population . Unless all this he speedily done , Frencli dominion In Algeria will cease to exist . "

      WHY THE TBESCll GOVERNMENT B . ETAIN ALGERIA : It it found desirable to retain this colony , however burthensome , because it is a ready cutlet for troublesome and dangerous men in France , who find in it a field for their energUa , and moat frequently a premature grave . It is , moreover , an object for the frequent occupation of public attention , and a constant topic for the journalists . Finally . Africa affords a manoeuvring field for an army of 10 . 000 men part of which must be recruited every year ; md to such an extent has been the mortality , that with the exception of some regiments of heavy cavalry , every corps in the Freuch service has been decimated in Africa .

      Tiie Attempt Upon Tite King Of The Fren0...

      TIIE ATTEMPT UPON TITE KING OF THE FREN 0 II . COURT OF PEERS . —Sittixo of Aug . 2 T . The Court assembled at 11 o ' clock , and proceeded at once to deliberate with closed doors on the charges aptinst the prisoner . The Court remained in consultation the whole day . The following is a more dehiled report of the verdict given in our paper of last Saturday . At a little after six o ' clock ( the Court having then been sevon hours in consultation ) the don's were opened to the public , when ft general rush took olace . M . Baroelie , Ihe prisoners Counsel , was in his place , but the prisoner himself was not present . After th" appel nominal had been made ,

      The President rose , and , in the nv . dst ol the deepest silence , vend the following verdict : — " Whereas Joseph Henry is proved to hnvo attempted to kill the King on the evening of the 29 th of July last—a crime provided for by arts . 8 G and 83 of the penal code—and whereas the punishment is to be graduated in proportion to the circumstances and nature of the crime , according to arts . 7 . 18 . and 30 , of the penal code , which declares the pcives afflictives et infamenUs to be—1 st , Death : 2 nd , Hard labour at the hulks for life ; 3 rd , Banishment ; . and 4 th , Solitary confinement ; the Court condemns Joseph Henry to hard labo'ir for life . " —The Court then separated . Immediately after the sentence had been pronounced on Henry , the Chief Registrar of the Comf went to tho prison , and read it to the prisoner . It is said that ., on hcaTincit , He nry struck his forehead with even- mark of despair , exclaiming , " Why dishonour me , I who have never injured any one . "

      M . Baroche , the counsel for Joseph Henry , went to him on Friday at tbe prison . The prisoner had become very calin and talked fluently for some time , allowing himself , however , to run off occasionally into incoherent and unconnected ideas . He expressed an intention of addrcssiiiK a petition to his Majes ' y , praying him to commute his sentence of hard labour for life into banishment . Since his condemnation , Joseph Henry has declared in the most formal manner that the pistols were only loaded with powder , and on some doubts being expressed as to the truth of his assertion , he added that he was ready to prove it . lie then pointed out the place where he had hid den a writing containing an exact recital of nil Ihu arran £ ements which he bad made , in order that his attempt might be considered a serious one .

      Russia And Poland. Polish Froxtiers, A R...

      RUSSIA AND POLAND . Polish Froxtiers , A re . 21—Closely as our frontiers are watched , and strictly as communication is guarded , still the news of what is passing beyoni ) them cannot be prevented reaching vw , however much it be delayed or falsified . We are thus now in a position concerning the alleged amnesty which the Russian Emperor , in order to gain over the sympathy of the Poles , according to the assurance of the Philo Russians , has lately issued . When the Russian authorities received the news of the late revolutionary plans of the Poles , every one was immediately apprehended on whom the slightest suspicion rested , or who were connected with suspected individuals ,

      in this manner , it was not long before the prisons were filled with the supposed revolutionists , the num-Uer bfc ' . ns given at 2 . 000 to 3 . 000 . When , however , the examination ordered were begun , and stronger proofs than mere ground of suspicion were demanded , it soon appeared that the majority of those arrested must he recarded as innocent , and that , therefore , in order to relieve themselves of an expensive burden , mthing better codd be done than , without farther ado , to release those against whom no positive proofs could be alleged . This was accordingly done , whereby the number of prisoners was reduced to 300 01 400 , who still remain in custody .

      Far more important is another piece of news , which has reached us from an authentic source , and which cannot fail to produce a beneficial cliccfc in the interior of Poland , Tbe Prince Governor has , we are as - sured , received from the Imperial residence a fullydeveloped plan for the remission of all robot ? , soccage , and other feudal services , which will be orougftt into Jramedi / ite operation . What a revolution to the good of the country such a measure will produce , must infallibly be evident to every one who has had even the remotest opportunity of viewing tho effects of such agrarian relations in Poland . The landed nobility will , indeed , not regard the measure very favourably , but the peasant becomes free and independent , and is thus for ever separated from his master , whom he was accustomed blindly to follow . Politically considered , the measure is wisely imagined , and isbro ' ujiht forward at a favourable moment . The Polish peasant is not vet so far advanced it ) his claims as that

      the Government cannot win Uim by vaoucv & to concessions ; and thus is the young Polish nobility no longer dangerous , being merely a warlike corps of officers without an army . Besides the higher class of nobility in Poland have already in a great measure estranged themselves from the Propaganda , and turned to the throne , where alone they can find the atmosphere in which they flourish . Divide el impera . The old proverb also holds good here . What will the rest of Po-Uind say when it learns that Lithuania , Volhynia , and Podolia arc placed under martial law ? Will , it see in this measure another proof of confidence , !)! Poland , and a preclude to the foundation o « a future universal Slavonian empire ?

      The harvest reports , -from . Poland are by no means of a ch eering nat-ure . * the rising of the Vistula is , however , not of a - character to cause any very serious fears of an inuda'tion . It was reported in Warsaw that the Emperor would , within a fortnight or tbA'CC weeks , visit that city , aniltheace goto Germany ,

      Russia And Poland. Polish Froxtiers, A R...

      —; .--- —¦ -. /*„*** TRADE . the ^^ S ^ S" ^^^ ^ « T digest" tho ™ , w ne « Let our readers inward y ^ sasaasjij .- * *««*" . * -i

      ^ BRITISH FREE TRADE . mer ? ena ^ or , i ' / Se / ! , <> . discorer » r suspect a SotTceord wVh niSter m 0 tiv ? in every act tu » t does that VW T ! , ' r , ° notiuns - We do not believe SomeEl ^ f ^™ i piltio " the »« iit ot some aecp-laid p lot to underm ae the prosperitv of wE " *? * £ might ennti » " * " 3 *»* hold s ave ° J *> *» not think that the British have alteredI tftefr larift merely to allure other nations into a similar and to them injurious line of conduct . We doub » not that the mass of those bv whose efforts th fi

      recent change has been brought about truly believe that the whole world is to be benefited * by their new policy and enlightened b y their example . Men generally believe the conduct dictated bv their interests or their wishes consistent with if not absolutely demanded by the hishest good . Conceding then , all that a generous opponent would exact , we ask attention to a summary of the facts in tbe case , breat bntain has through generations protected and fostered her own Manufacturing Industry JJer aws have given it great advantages , not onlv in her

      liome market but in those of her vast and populous dependencies , which overspread the globe . Her overwhelming Navy swept the ocean of all rivals . through the long prevalence of the great wars which desolated the Continent , deraneed its Industry and paralyzed its progress in the Useful Arts . Her well defended smugglers penetrated every port which her cannon could not open , bidding dc / iance to tiie legions and the Continental S ystem of Napoleon . — At a time when British Manufactures had no real rival , and any presuming rival no chance , her ascendancy in this branch of Industry was established . Thenceforward , it had been decided and notorious . This or that nation may fabricate some few articles as cheap , or even cheaper / but generally ,

      in the products of the loom , the forge , the workshop , Great Britain surpasses any other nation on the fnci ? of the earth , either in cheapness , or in excellence . Why is this so ? Partly because of the natural advantages which . her insular position , so convenient for oxtensive and advantageous traffic , hav . secured her ; partly because of the richness am ' proximity of her cxhaustlcss supplies ot era ) , iron , copper , tin , Ac ., partly because of In r overwliclmini-Naval ascendancy ; something on account of her entire exemption for the last century from invasion or civil war ; more , perhaps , is duo to theonoreet / c , inventive , industrious character of her people . Many another nation may rival or even surpass her if ; one of these points ; no one has equalled her in all or the most of them . The result we shall see and

      realize . Up to this time , Great Britain has rigidly guarded her own markets from Foreign rivalry in whatever her people could with tolerable facility produce . While she crowded her fabrics into every port that did not absolutely rejector exclude them , she bought of other nations whatever siie could fier-e / f produce as sparingly as possible . This policy has had it * day . It cannot be continued . Other nations , taught by her , have protected and fostered these arts in which their people were less expert ; they have learned by sad experience that no art cle is ever bought cheap when the buyer stands idle during th « time it would have taken him to produce it , and Urn ' , it is very possible to buy when * ou have no means of paying , but very certain also that the buyer will rue it . It has come to this that England must buy more freely of other nations er they will buy much le « freely of her .

      A wise and able Statesman wrests the helm 0 ' State from the hands which had just given it a Free Trade direction , and seems about to put the ship on her old track , but in due time he disappoints both friends and adversaries by thoroughly accomplishim : what his predecessors had but meditated . Ilia work done , he abandons the helm to his old adversaries . the vessel bearing on her ensign ' Free Trado with all the world ' . ' We concede that this tender is sincere and , for the argument's sake , that it will bo persisted in . How should the world receive the irofferl

      Tiie true answer to this question is best evolved by asking another : Is it consistent with the highest and broadest good of mankind that Great Britain should be the workshop and her people the artisans of the whole world ? Is it expedient for us and for all men that wo send thither our two millions of hairs of cotton per annum to be transformed into fabrics in » ood part fur our own wear , and a half a million barrels ot flour , with beef and bacon to match , to feed those who there spin for us ? Is this wise , beneficent policy ?

      To our mind , it clearly is not . If Great Britain would do our spinning and weaving lor nothing , wc believe it would be most unwise to allow her to dn it , and suie to prove unfortunate . This thing , lab-mi deserves to bo better appreciated than it has hitherto been . It was Divinely appointed not merely t hat the back should be suitably clothed and the stomach duly tilled , but that the man , alike in his physical and intellectual nature , should be developed , if w < - could secure ass much animal comfort as now by doin » half the work we now do at some one vocation cx clusively—say , gold-mining , or timber-cutting , 01 wheat growing—we should # be unspeakably loser > by changing our present various avocations for thai one . Labour is the education , the university of tlir

      mass of mankind . The introduction and establish mentof a new art , a new branch of industry in a State or community , is not merely a positive addition to the true wealth of that community , in furnishing labour for many who would else have remained idle , not finding any employment suited ttheir strength or their faculties , but it tends stronel } to develop intellectual as well as industrial resource which else had lain dornianr . The naturalization ol manufactures in this country has already , while in their infancy , bem of va > t benefu to mankind by sti mulating ihi ; ortant inventions and improvements which else had remained unknown . Even Britis ' manufactures are largely indebted to American genius aroused to effort by the new processes here set

      in motion . We cannot doubt that England is to-da ; the gainer by the establishment here of the norbranches of industry which she would gladly havi prevented or crushed . Great Britain now appeals to us from a new and more temib ' e position . She offers to take some por tion , not of our Cotton only but of our Grain and Meat also , provided we will discard the Protection of oar own Manufacturers and buy ol" her . We cannot believe the best interests of her own people , much less of ours , will be prompted by our compli ancc . Grant that sh « can at present fabricate main if not most articles cheaper than we rani , we see clearly that the cost of transportation and the riskof profits of Commerce will far more than balance

      any such disparity , and that tho immense cost 0 ! sending our Wheat and Cotton to England to supply her workm en with food and raw material where from our fabrics are to be wrought must come out of the Labour of our country or of both . With the Farmer and Manufacturer working side by side , the fruits of their joint labour must bu divided between them , -and auv temporary advantage in prices realized by one will be pretty certainly followed by an increase of force and cliiuicncy on that side tending to lower the price of its product and enhance t-imtnfthe other . But with thousands of miles of land and water between the two classes , there must be an enormous subtraction from their joint product to pay the cost of transportation , and the burthen of he expence falls inevitably ou the party whose products are bulky , perishable , and their carriage nccoNsarily expensive . Suppose it po-sible , for instance , " that Wheat shall average ( as it will not ) One

      Dollar anJ a ( Juarter per bushel 111 Liv-. rpool . duty unpaid ; the farmer in the interior of Indiana , Illinois , or Wisconsin cannot hope to receive over Fifty Cents a bushel . That is the best he can look for with the bulk of our Manufactures : n England . ( Jut bring the Manufactories tu his neighbourhood , SO that he shall find within a day ' s journey a market of consumption for his products , and he cannot fail to receive more , aud at any rate the difference between tbe price he rcroives and that which the manufacturing consumer pays for it , will be vastly dimisis-hed . But . better still , he will no longer p roduce merely Wheat , and trembles lest ihe next advices from Liverpool or New York blast his hopes of a fair recompense for his labour , but he will produce a variety of fruits and vegetables always more profitable than exclusive "rain crops when a market for ihvm is at hand . Familiar as this truth may be , it cannot be too cavol ' uUy considered .

      That the ciian » e in the Corn Laws witt enable the manufacturers of Great Britain to produce good .- * somewhat cheaper is true , . and to this consideration the bounteous subscriptions to the agitation fund ol the J / CrtS » e are in good part attributable . Cotton is now the predominant interest in the British realm —perhaps beneficently so . The ' lords of the loom ' will doubtless reap an ample harvest from ihcir triumph , lie it so ; we regret no change which diminishes the power ot the aristocratic monopolists of the soil of the sister kingdoms ? , but wo cimnok

      anticipate the lasting advantages from thvs v » h \ cl \ ifo sanguine friends anticipate . Perilous , as Carlisle observi s , is that National prosperity which rests on a capacitv to produce cotton cl . dh a farthing an ell cheaper than any body else can . m brief hour of triumph past , the Toiling Millions of Jlnlai * mil find their dui / 's labour producing jmt about such a daifs bread as formerly , and Union Workhouses as nwncrot-sand well tenanted us ever . THE A'A ' / l / . Il / iMED )' FOR TUKlll EVILS IS NOT FREE TRADE HUT A F 11 EES 0 IL-A SOU . WHICH THEY MAY CULfl V-iTE WITHOUT PAYING TUIIEK-FOURWS Of

      ITS PRODUCT TO TIIE IDLE DESCENDANT OF SOME ROBBER KNIGHT OF THE ELEVENTH CENTUIiY , WHO WON A COUNTY BY AH > 1 NG TO SLAUGHTER THE ENGLISH AT HASTINGS . An acre of land guaranteed to each fa mily at . u rent hascd on the costs of the- improvements th' jreon , would be worth all th Free Trade or Reformed Parliaments tlutl ccw be imagined . Let , us hoye ( hat future Reforms mil be kss abstract and won canaible titan the part-

      $Mw\.Mv&Umy

      $ mw \ . Mv & umy

      The Late Earthquakes Is Iialt.-—The Sema...

      The late Earthquakes is Iialt .- —The Semaphore de Marseilles of the 26 th ult ., publishes the following letter , dated , Leghorn , the 15 th : — "We have just received the most distressing accounts of the disasters occasioned by the lasi ear tfrqunJie in Hie hilly distrieU of Pisa , and Volicvra . Entire villag . s liave been destroyed , and the inhabitants are now encamped in tho fields . The Government has prohibited the traffi-j on the railroads . Large fissures opened in the ground , and on one point swallowed up several oxen . In the plain of Cesina , beta-urn leghorn and Campiglia most of ihe country houses have fallen down . Wo are without news from the province of Siena . It is a remarkable fact that the districts which suffered most are entirely covered with sub-alpine marl . Tlo workmen employed hi the interior of the mines situate at the distance of a mile from Campiglia felt no shock , whilst those who were labouring above ground were so terrified , that fearing the building under which they were worfcin " would give way , that they fled into the country . "

      Dreadful Statk of Jerusalem . —A Trieste letter of the 15 th of August , says : — Tiie last accounts from Jerusalem represent all Palestine to be a prey te the horrors ot famine , caused by the rivers and streams being dried up . At Safet many persons had already perished from want of food . Cons Law Riots in Fkancb . —In consequence of tho increasing prices of grain in France , especially in the east and centre of that country , scrim i * disturbances have taken place anions the iabsuring classes . These outrages have unfortunately been distinguished also by incendiary fires , generally ot farm buildings and produce . Detachments of military have been sent to tho disturbed districts to preserve order ; measures have also been taken to ; irrest the authors of the incendiary fires , which are particularly numerous in Burgundv , and on the

      banks of the Loire . At Couvret de Villicrs ( Marne ) no fewer than 14 houses and a barn had been burnt down in one niuht , and at Saulien , packets of combnstib ' c materials had been found in a farm-house . At Gbnnn ailles ( Saone and Loire ) a serious riot had taken place , in consequence of a rumour that a com pany of corn merchants had resolved to purchase all ihe corn in the market at any price . M-Metz the workmen are in the habit of meeting in the corn market at their breakfast hour , and discussing their grievances , but no ill result has ensued The house of Viscount Conrral , a large landed proprietor at I'inon , near Soissons , had been attacked , snd an attempt made ( 0 set it on ffre ; arms Iml ulsn been 'f amed off . All this betokens a feveri .-h slate of things , for whicb , however , the French journals illege no cause beyond the more immediate one of ' ¦ he high prices of grain .

      Malta . —Tjib Doo-Nujsaxce and the Fakxcii Consul . —A letter of the 13 th from Malta contains the following strange story : — " A singular scene has just occurred here . The residence of the Governor ad interim requiring some repairs , he lately took lodgings in the town Jeaving a number of dogs in bis hotel . Durinw the night these animals made such a noise-that M . Sontajr , the French C « nsi ! f . who resides in the neighbourhood , was comni-lled tn cnl ! on the police to remove the 'loss . The police refused , considering they had no riaht to interfere , and M . Sontag , becoming enraged , declared that he would write to his Government , and procure the expulsion of every Maltese from Algeria . These threats not having induced the police authorities to notice the demand of the Consul , he struck his najr , and took

      down the arms of France from his residence . He has since refused to siyn the passports of several persons who were about to proceed to . Algiers . M . Son tig intends to set off for France in n fen- diijs " State op Gallioia . —The Cologne Gazette gives the following from Lemb ^ rg , in Gallicia : —We learn from Turnow that on the 10 th the peasants of YVolga , near Dembetza , to the number of 200 , excited by a Jewish emissary , assailed the chateau of that place and pillaged it . The owner of the chateau escaped with great difficulty . On the receipt of this news , a detachment of cavelry left Dembetza , nnd di- ~ nersed the band , taking 2 G prisoners . Tho principal leader , however , escaped . The event has cnus- il 50 much . alarm among the gentry that they all left their country houses and sought refuge in the towns . Tarnow is full of refugees .

      I rial 7011 Murder i . v Fra . vce . —The Court of Assizes of the Marne ( Rheims ) was occupied 011 the I 3 ? h with the trial of Several Dtmel , aired 25 , for the murder of Marguerite Aigron , aged 20 . It appeared from the evidence , that on April 22 a young woman , tolerably well dressed , was seen passing along the road from Rheims to Retlu-1 , with a youim man looking like a workman . On th ? 2 . 3 d the woman was found murdered at the foot of a hayrick . The prisoner , having been taken up r . ext day , at once avowed hi * crime . The deceased , he said , had Wen a woman of bad character , regularly inscribed on the books ol" the police at Paris . She bad formerly been ihe mistress of a workman named Dtinal , who was taken up for some offence , and sentenced

      to eighteen months imprisonment . Bimel then cohabited with the deceased , and she became attached to him , though he never cared much abo . it hsr . Dtinal , when his imprisonment was near its end , wrote to Dunel for the address of his former mistresi ; nnd as she was unwilling to sue him again , shu serenaded Dunel to leave Paris and seek for work in the country . They accordingly oot passport " , and travelled on foot as far as the place where lhr murder was committed . Both bring tired , withdrew a little from the roads'do , and sat down , when the deceased began to complain of hunger ami cold . Dunelhearinsr this , not up , and finding a Iar-re stone on the ground near him , struck heron the head with

      it until he killed her . To make everything sure , lit seized Iter afterwards b y the neck ami he'd b tight for s-: ime time , in order to strangle hor . should she not have been dead .. The idea of murdering her had occurred to him lie said , on th ISdi , as lie was heartily tired of her . He quarrelled with her atm ; the road several times between that period and the 22 d . in order to induce her to quit him , but without avail . " Fiudingcvery attempt to get rid of her quit « useless , he executed his purpose . The jur > at once tbiind him guilty , and tha court sentenced hhn to dentil . The pris ner heard tiie sentence passed without betraying any emotion , ami on his return to the prison he ate and drank with good appetite and remarkable tranquillity .

      The Czartoriskis .- —The German Gazette of Frankfort , under date of Vienna , 23 J iust ., .-stales that a report was pravalcnt that the sequestration which had been placed on the property of the Princc-Czartoriski , inGalicia . had been taken off on Prince Czartoriski signing a written engagement not to interfere with the affair * of Pol .-. nd . In ease of bis bveaUing it . all his property would be emilUcated . Aiid-kl-Kadbh . —The following letter , dated from Tetuan , August IS , contains Stmic interesting details on the present condition of the Arab chief : — " The port of Tetuan has become the principal point of communication for Abd-el-Kader with Gibraltar , where he has two accredited asrents . Money does not seem to have abounded with him for some time

      and the affairs of the Emir suffer by this deficiene > of the sinews of war . Late advices , however received through the smugglers from Gibraltar , state that a rather considerable suiu'has rccciitlvbecu placed to his erudit in that town . The source of this seasonable supply is unknown . The last articles arrived here from Gibraltar for the Knur are a numb r of muskets of a novel construction , a uiuch superior de-cription to the former . The cases were ail propared for transport into the intiriir , and contained , besides the guns , several moulds for balls , spare lock * , < fcc . Abd-el-Kader acts in Morocco jii > t as if ho were at home ; comes and goes , commands , preaches , receives addiesses , aud laughs atalJdi . it is done against him in Jleqtiiues . The S : it .-m aives none but illusory , and frequently contradictory orders respecting Jam and his manmuvivs ; nor nrc

      these orders ever executed by the local chic ' s and governors ; Abd-cl-KaiJer , always pndcstiiiii- his respect for the Sultan , declares that he cannot conscientiously take account of ihe intre :: ucs : f the Christians , at his Court . In ail this Abd-el-lvadcr has more power and real influence than the Suitin ; he is , so to say , the Ivirjiot' all the Marabouts of tho Country , and these Maralouts would willingly , if necessary , make of him a rallying point for their religion . The city of Fez ( the religious metropolis , possessing great weisiht amid Ihe general anarchy ) is certainly being operated upon in this sense . Oil the other part , the frontier tribes of Algiers , are always ready t ' i march as soon as there is powder and piasters . Of those are cited three tribes near Argad anions whom the anents of Abd-cl Kiulcr recruits , exercises , and organises at pleasure for the opportune moment . "

      Inoomi ! ov Austria . —The statistical rince , lately tstablishcd at Vienna , has just published some statements on the finances of U \ e Austrian empire VYe sec by these details , that the receipts of the Tivttsurr ammmt lo 150 , 000 . 000 florins per nnmiM , ( about £ P 2 , 50 O . 00 O . ) oi * which eight millions are applied to the civil list , and eighteen millions to ihe expenses of administration . The ellicc dw ^ iio * . state the purpose to which the remaining 121 Millions are applied ; the interest of the debt , the support nf the army , and the wmtvuetioti of rrtihotm , mv , however , the chief object * . —iVitwitunii .

      The Lock of ths "Bastille . —A prisoner , named Mauclere , recently escaped from the gaolo ! ' Vendomc ; he was easily ve-captured -, 'he was not , besides a very {• veal , malefactor . The most curious part of the affair is , that tbe lock , which he opened with a rusty knife , is one of tho ancient locks b «_ -lt > ni ; ing : formerly to the llastiiic . After tho capture and demolition 0 ! tlae "Bastille in ltSO , the loeks were tak ? n away , am ' 1 carefully put asida . In 11 % , when the IhibcouT trial caused the High Court to assemble at Vcudome , it was believed that nothing better could be done for the safeguard of" the prisoners than to provide theorbon of Vendomo with one of those rc ' oubtab ' o locks . In fact , the appearance would inspire terror , while the enormous key with which it is opened would make a formidable weapon . However , this lock would scarcely clo-so , and since 1 Y 90 tho prism ; has been guarded merely bv the refutation of tin I lock of the Bastille .

      The Late Earthquakes Is Iialt.-—The Sema...

      [ TUrJ REPEAL ASSOCIATION . Dudtjx , Monday . —Tbe usual wecklv mcelito " , ofof the above association was held in Conciliation * ifalhlt if 1 . r' ¦ At " " c , ock Mr - O'Connell entered the le 1 all ( attired in his municipal robe *) amid loud id takf « ie cha ? r ? that Coun 5 ellor O'Dowd should Id u ' « 0 n V ** addressed the meeting at some e ra- ' i ' ^ cn n > met . ced by thanking the meeting g for the honour they conferred up .,,, him . He tlnm n alluded to the Y oung Ireland party , and . stated that t in his opinion no question except Urn R ,. pe ,. ! qnC 8 , ioil f , , should be -dnonno . in that Hall . lie ( the Cl airman ) j denounce the conductor the Young Irdr . nd pwtv ; ; he denounced their criminal silence upon that que * ' tion ( the Bequests Act ) which vitally affected tha e interests of the Catholics of Ireland , not merely of f the Catholics , but of the Protestants ,. for that t question referred to both parties . lie arraiuncd 1 their conduct upon that question—he arraigned I their silence as tending in no small degree to tho 3

      passin g of that very measure . Mr . Ray read the minutes of the last day ' s pro- ¦ ceedings . Mr . O'Connell rose , and after handinc m some j money , said ha u'ns fiflir in trim for visiting the j Castle , and as he had to go up with the Address from 1 the Corporation to an Irish nobleman , the Earl of : ' Bi'sboroush—a man who was well acquainted with Irish affairs , he would speak to the meeting at once . After O mmenting on the failure of the pot .-itoeerop , and other matters , he said , he would now refer to a subject of groat importance lo tbe assaciation . It had been said that many people were anxious for a reconciliation between tha two parties in that flail . No man was more anxious for a reconciliation than he "was , especially a . reconciliation with Mr . Smith

      O'Brien . Tie would do anything hut sacrifice principle to obtain that reconciliation . He could not afford to sacrifice his principles because he would be bronkiu ? through the basis of the association . Titer "food upon the ba ^ is of the association . Is" the Young Ireland party chooscil to come in and stand upon that basts thoy were heartily welcome to < hy so . The Hon . and Leantf-d Ontk-man entered fulir info the breach between the Ymins : Irelnn era anil the Association , and detailed his reasons IW c mpellin < r the Yotr g Ireland party to state their opinion !' . On June 1 Z Inst , Lord J . ltns .-oil . in his speed ! nn the Coercion Bill , in the ! Inu * c of Commons , spoke as follows : — " There is a numerous body in Ireland , numerous even amomi the Rcpresenta ! hvs of Ireland .

      but tar more numerous in Ireland , which says that no leaislnfinnof a united Parliament can devise ( it remedies for Irish ' grievances , and that it- is in a domestic Parliament alone that-fit and wise legislation is to besought . ( Hear , hear . ) Such is their opinion . There is another 1 hear , who , if I read i'ij , 'lltly tlieir sentiments , as pxpress ' d in a newspaper—I Till } name it—called The Nation , which h a * great civemntirm in Ireland , who < jo benond the question of legislative union , who would wish not merely to restore such a Parliament as tbat which it was the boast of Mr . Grattan to fourd , and which leui ^ laled under the sceptre , of the . same Sovereign aw tho Parliament of Grcftt Britain , " but . 1 party which excites no violence , which looks at disftirban . ee

      as it < means , and separation from England as its end . " What interest hail Lord John Russell ? lie had no party interest—he is too hk'ii-mindcd a man to . ayand think tho contrary , when he rav- this account of the Young Ireland party . They bad attempted to deny it . The reform was carried by moral force . The A nti-Corn-law I . eneuo was carried bv moral force . Why , wc succeeded before them , ( Englishmen , ) and English success was only encouraged by our success . ( Hear , hear . ) Uut it was u , r > fortunate for themselves , they worn implicated in tho guilt of treason . They did not understand ths law . He said distinctly there arc two kinds of treason . On the ISth of July The Nation deliberately published this . The Learned G ' -uticniau here re . id tlietollon'ing : —•

      '' Francosent them offers of help and guidance through M . 1 edru ltollin , and through many a surer source . America talked opt . " ly of Baltimore clippers and raids over Canadian border . " ' And some have believed that a country haunted with the memovy of heroic- resistance and proud victories from the field of the yellow ford to the Church of Dunsjannon , and hot with shame and intVgnation at suffering and dfcsrace without end , would at length rise and snatch the liberty so long ( forded . That her Chief , weary of hope ' deferred , would « t length proola ' m that patience bad limits , and resolve now again to " Right her wrongs in halt e line . "

      " 'We fully confess that , much » ms written in this journal tending remotedly to that end . calculated to stimulate the hone and desire of ereat and spf-edy ' hanges wroualit bv s people ' s might . "—iVution , Saturday , 13 th July , 18-10 . The Learned Gentleman concluded hy referring to several leaal authorities , sbewinsr they would be auilt ; . - of high treason if they held the same opinions as tha Yinuya Ireland party did . Several Subscriptions liavinw hecn handed in , the rent was announced to be £ 10-1 . Is . 6 ! ., and the meeting separated .

      Sir Robert Peel And Eree Trade. The Inha...

      SIR ROBERT PEEL AND EREE TRADE . The Inhabitants of the town of Elmns , in Prussia , liavins some time since addressed a letter of congratulati n to Sir Robert Peel , on the successful teiinination of ( he "ff'orts of tho late Premier lor the establishment of Five Trade , have recently , as we learn from the Berlin journals , received tho following . reply to their memorial : — | "Iondon , August 6 , ISIG . " Your address , in which you express your approbation of the great nr-asures ot' financial and commercial reform which I have considered it my duty to lay before Parliament . I have received with very great pleasure . The object of the Income-tax was not onlv * " msiUi : eoou a deficit , but a ' SO to lay the foundation of a more just system

      of taxation , by put ting an end to duties Vefore levied on raw materials , as well as those vexnti ' . us regulations of the excise , and the duties on many kinds of produce necessary to the comfort of the worhitt' , ; classes . The Bill having for its Object the limitation of the paper currency , has in no way affected public or individual interest nor has the ortiiiivv been thereby deprived of the advantages of a paper circulation ; hut in placing the issue of this medium of exchange under certain reasonable , restraints , the Bill lias bejn ilio means of ehecMnj ; -. ib «? e in times of great critic d importance to the i-omm- - 'rciaV interests of ihe country as well as of unusual speculation . This Bill has given to paper moni-y a settled value in making it always exchangeable with specie . I learn with pleasure that the intent and iffect of these measures hav-been j . r > . ji i-l y appreciated by distinguished politicians Of Other ' countries .

      That part of your address whemn yon admit the principle of cwiuiK ' rcinl legislation , which , bv order of Parliament , is now in force , has afforded me above nil things the most lively satisfaction . The . measures proposed for the diminution of Custam-littu < e duties have been brought forward without any simitar concessions havim ? been offered by foreign countries ; they have been proposed because the general interest of tho country demanded it . Their effects are suftieieiiily iulvuntageoui t <> fully justify tho steps we have taken , fur it is contrary to the principles of political economy to pui ' cha < ii at It

      dear rate articles of inferior value : and the authors of this nie .-Kure have thought , without entering into nezoeiatioitsnitd minute details that the prim-iples of their commercial legislation would be adi . ptei ! hy other muious . IMfncultlcs aiid obstacles m « yiiri » u : and h ' uiiiit'iiii embarrassment , which appears to be the ArongSSt argument in support of the protective system , will , in certain countries , be advanced as a reason fur continuing it . Individuals who profit by high duties are t .-ivoar .-il . W . v listened to by the Government ; 3 n other oa-us thi > y i ' the most numerous part of the population , or at least ; i powerful parly in the legislative- assentf-Hrs .

      "Interests are thus represented e » v \ tuse ; but ibis isolated fail-rest t'Hiiimt long offer r .-.-isMi . i-t' to the . : ; tsments ami manifest interest of the gr-at .-oxinl body . The public finances labour under a dtundo disadvantage ; first , by the prejudice with which they are regai-dei ! , and the consequent support offered lo Rmu < t « ling ; and , m > comity , hy the great expense * im- ' . ned in its suppre .- - sior , ; so that , eventually , it will tie se-.-a by those who tire responsible for the Financial comvhiou of their resp .: cUv « countries , that it is jtrudeir m \ A politic to replace ,, by such moderate nulie * ns wis ! permit tho commerce ;\ w > l vevemw of the country tu iucmixc , thofa high ituiics which either diniiiti-di . or ultoieth- r pri . Oiibir , the-importation of foreign produce , » ud sustain certain brunches of trade at the expense of She public , iin-mee ? . .

      " Tl » o « ot'inlc <» n' ! itit > n oj ' i . ' i .-i : o-ivutj-y which maintain * with tho gresit vigour the proteilb ^ -y .-u-m , w : h be opposed to the state of another ivi . ich bus adopted liberal principles ; and the conviction •¦¦! I ' m- vajue of sv . rb principles will not obtain , unless by dieeneourHgeiiH-nt of t ' . ' . e freedom of exchange amongst » alh « nations o ; the woildj the . well-being of each individmai wiil be ihevee . sed . and lilC Will Of Providence viU l >* -fuSfiik-A—tl-. n < . I ' eovuUneii which has -iven to every cowr . try a sun , a cVuiiute . nnd a soil , each differing one front t , \ o other , l-ot fur the purpose of yciu ' . eviug them s * v « va !! y iudipviidciit 01 each other , but 011 thu eontrnry , iu order th . tt tin y nmy feel their teeipvueal ( lopen ' enue by the c-x » h : ini'e of . thvir respective produce , ilms eausiiij ; * h < -m Hv enjoy in common th-j blessings of 'Providence . It is . rtnu that we Siv-l hi commerce tho menus of » dv » ne > in ; civilisation , of appeasing jealousy and 1111 thmal pr »}\ uv . ue , mid of bringing about a universal peace , citiuv 5 v « national interest , or from Christian duty . " 1 hav * the hoiHHir , & e ., *• JtwBEJtT PlEL . "

      Suipwnixiv —On Um Mornln? Ot * Thursday Last

      SuiPWnixiv —On Um mornln ? ot * Thursday last

      Lite. &Tiuoomor Urmiswiciv Rackcr, « «•"...

      lite . & tiUooMor urmiswiciv racKcr , « «• " » .- " ~ Oats from Archangel , left this harbour , and , about two o ' clock on the afternoon of the same day , i-lie missed stays off "Mouwa Isle , a- ' . d struck on a rcoK olid St ) 0 n Wirt down . Tho crew saved themse ves . villi -jreat difficulty , so ; . - .,- of l » ..- > u bci ih he » Mely iiiinrcfl . Thev saved mnhiuS «««¦ l ie c i lotiu : ! i t , i 0 f had on tkmi at the time Thcv had on v nsmveh time as to pet the boat laumhcd and cut hom th YC § 5 « Ii —/ c / ii ! O ' Grvitt ' s Journal .

  • Citation
    • Northern Star (1837-1852), Sept. 5, 1846, page 7, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse.ac.uk/periodicals/ns/issues/ns2_05091846/page/7/