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    • POVERTY A^I> CRIME.
    • €l)mizt inmngxiicc
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      Poverty A^I≫ Crime.

      POVERTY A ^ I > CRIME .

      ^Fu. Ewxou,—The Statistics Of A Nation's...

      ^ fu . Ewxou , —The statistics of a nation ' s crimin ality are the prognostications of a deep ' - spreading degeneracy . No man can look upon j jje figures quoted in this Letter , without experiencing a feeling of abhorrence / , that so much crime should prevail in the land , and no remedy ho devised hy the Government to stay . its progress , much less to diminish its fearful amount . I may he referred to Mr . C .

      Pearson s movements , as pertains to our juvenile criminals , and he pointed to the able writings of Mr . Hill , the Recorder of Birmingham ; font , whilst acknowledg ing the benevolent exertions or these gentlemen , and others who have followed in their steps , I emphaticall y observe , that the rulers of the people have been vholly regardless in the advocacy of remedial measures ( albeit , they have talked much respecting the evil itself ) , at all calculated to xneet the difficulty in question .

      yov , let my readers observe , that tho facts are these , briefly and simpl y stated . That , during the last forty years , just as the nation has . grown great and glorious , rich almost beyond credence , powerful in position l ) oth at home and abroad , and immensely progressive in respect to her achievements in science and art ; I say , just in proportion as these things have stamped themselves upon the country ' s annals , the crime of its subjects has fearfull y increased . In 1811 , the population for England and Wales is returned as 10 , 150 , 615 , the number of criminal offenders , 5 , 837 .

      In 1850 , the population for England and Wales is returned as 17 , 721 , 906 , tho number of criminal offenders , 26 , 813 . * . Thus , whilst the population has increased 7 , 571 , 291 souls , in forty years , the criminal offenders have augmented to 21 , 476 additional , go that for about two-thirds more subjects there are more than five times the number of criminals . If this he not ' progress to the devil , ' as Mr . Disraeli would say , then I know not what would justify the use of so comprehensive an expression .

      But this increase is not a thing of accident , nor of unforeseen occurrence . . It is the gradu al development of a long course of years , each decennial period of which gives stronger ind ications than its predecessor of the everonward tendency of this moral degradation . Here are the figures in decennial periods , for population , and for criminals : — Population . Criminals . 1 S 11 10 , 150 , 615 5 , 337 1 S 21 11 , 978 . 875 13 , 115 1 S 31 13 , 897 , 187 19 . 647 1841 15 , 914 , 148 27 , 750 1830 17 , 721 , 906 26 , 813

      Certainly , the concluding figures are full of hope , showing a diminution , notwithstanding an increase of population of 1 , 807 , 758 ever that of 1841 , of 937 criminals in the latter nine years ; but when we come to dissect the return , and notice the figures for certain years , the satisfaction is considerabl y lessened by the recollection that the years 1842 , 1843 , 18 i 7 . 1848 , are conspicuous for a very high rate of criminal offenders , the intervening years somewhat reducing the general condition , and the average for the nine years being an increase of 101 over the number of 1841 . The numbers stand thus for the

      resp ective years : — dumber of criminals in 1 S 41 27 , 750 „ 1842 31 , 309 1 S 43 29 . 591 „ 1847 . 28 , 833 „ 1848 30 , 349 „ 1849 . 27 , 816 The average for the five years here mentioned is 29 , 579 . being 1 , 829 additional to" the numbers of 1841 . Eor the redeeming years , tho figures appear as follows : —

      dumber of criminals in 1844 . . 26 , 542 „ 1845 24 , 303 „ 1846 . . 25 . 107 „ 1850 . 26 , 813 The average being for these four years -5 , 091 , a diminution of 2 , 059 of the number for 1841 . For the ten years , including 1841 , the mean numbers are , 27 , 841 , —a slight increase ( viz . ninety-one ) of the figures at the top of the list . Our proficients in the philosoph y of figures prefer averages to isolated years . They are right in so doing , providing they start fairly . The mean numbers for the decennial periods

      alluded to stand thus : — " Z Average number of " \ criminal offenders for > 9 , 783 ten vcars , 3811 to 1820 ) increase Ditto 1821 to 1830 15 , 318 5 , 535 Ditto 13 : 31 to 1840 22 , 305 6 . 987 Ditto 1841 to 1850 £ 7 , 841 5 , 536 Taking these last figures alone , as the evidence produced , showing that crime is making rap id strides in this laud of freedom and freetrade , enough proof is furnished , I venture to think , for establishing a charge against the government of gross neglect of the social condition of the people , otherwise , no such terrible quotations could he made from documents of * heir own compiling .

      The late Sir Hubert Peel , when he passed his ' Police Bill , ' doubtless did much to render life and property more secure , and at the same time to bring to justice many persons who , previous to its enactment , committed crime with impunity- But not all wo can say on behalf of the vi g ilance of the civil service , now that more than twenty years . practice has tended to perfect its discip line as an effective organisation , will ever shake the conclusions

      these figures themselves establish . Given the increase of population for the more effective vig ilance of the police , —that is , allowing it to be nearly twice as perfect as it was forty years ago , I believe there are as many persons who commit depredations , and are not detected in their acts , either at the time- of committal or subsequently , in 1851 as there were in 1811 ; which if true , " does not alter the position previously stated , that crime is on the increase in this country in a five-fold ratio .

      Looking , then , with an inquiring eye , upon the analysis previously g iven of the progress < sf crime * during the last forty years , another important fact strikes us immediately the figures are read . It is this - . —that Poverty and Crime are constantly observed in company with each other . TVe all remember the year 1842 , as one of profound distress throughout the manufacturing districts . It was then those riots took place , which a Tory

      government suppressed , not by ameliorating the condition of the so-called rioters , -but b y imprisoning their leaders , and men who preached peace and obedience to the law . This year stands consp icuous for its preponderance of criminals , no less than 31 , 309 ; and , as may be supposed , the subsequent year was but little better for the extent of employment afforded , the numbers being still very heavy—29 , 591 . The year 1847 is too memorable to need any enlargement , a money panic and a deficient harvest , with an Irish famine , being the causes assigned for the depression of employment in it . Here , again , the figures are

      overwhelming—28 , 833 ; and deepl y did these evmts tell upon the industry of the subsequent year , assisted , as they were , by Continental and civil brawls , for the numbers run Up to 30 , 349- And so , la a contrary direction , are those years known for the more general employment « f the people , such as those of 1344 " 1845 , 1846 , when the construction of railways , and subsequentl y the mania for the iVther erection of new ones , absorbed much of the unemployed labour of the people , and through the better distribution of the currency of « he country , gave an impetus to trade of a verv imncrtant nature . These rears are

      c' -hspicuons f or the dinnuntiun of the number « i " criminal offenders ; and hence complete the direction which the Poverty and the Crimin-

      ^Fu. Ewxou,—The Statistics Of A Nation's...

      ality of the people lien to be constantl y pointing to . It is with a sense of shame that I am obliged to . make a deduction associating that which is a misfortune with that which is decidedly wrong . But it is here , that the rulers of a nation ought to find the solution of the great problem before them . To find-an industrious race of men , with their families , constantl y exposed to the fluctuations of trade , so that , in the evolution of twelve months , at least three out of the number will find . them without work , and hence without food and

      all but houseless , is to observe a fact which should suggest to them , as the governors of such men , the necessity of inquiring into the causes of these ever re-curring periods of inactivity . The working man of England has an indescribable abhorrence to the workhouse and its vice-engendering propensities ; his conscience tells him , that to be an imna $ e therein is riot fulfilling his mission upon this earth ; he knows that he was born for a nobler purpose . Deeply incensed with this conviction , great ia his strugg le , of . selfr . restraint to keep without its Vails . . Yet , pressed by hunger ,

      perhaps by a louder cry , that of a famished wife and disease-stricken children , he falls into that terrible abyss of woe and suffering which seems to be yawning before him for another Victim ; and such an one swells the number of " our criminal offenders . This is the connection between Poverty and Crime . The latter , is the consequence of the former , I very much fear , amongst that class of labourers whose offences are committed in the years of depression and great dearth of trade . Otherwise , there is a dignity connected with Poverty which is far more noble than that which

      titular honours ever can bestow . There is no natural relationship between it and Crime . When they come together , it is the unchristian pursuits of men , in their avarice and grasping dispositions , which have brought them into justa-position . I defend the English labourer , because I know him to be a well-meaning man ; I loathe your money-monger or corriT mercial jobber , because 1 feel that his God is

      Mammon ; to possess which the labour and the rinews of au industrious and energetic race of toilers are hourl y being sacrificed to appease the demands of his metallic deity . May Heaven defend the English workman ! for he has but few friends on Earth , -who , by their dail y conduct ; entitle themselves to so exalted a name as the Laboubebs' Fbiends . Censor .

      ¦1; ¦ And National Trajes ? Journal ' -.

      ¦ 1 ; ¦ AND NATIONAL TRAJES JOURNAL ' -.

      Lolbv. P. 722. Lomdoh, Satoeday, Ssptemb...

      lOLBV . P . 722 . LOMDOH , SATOEDAY , SSPTEMBEE 6 , 1851 . ~~ ^ " »««¦ ™ in ™«« - — . — : . ¦ ___ ., _ . ¦ • > - . - - - ¦ ¦ ' . ¦ ¦¦ £ !!__ . ' - . - . - F , re sh * "i"S * a * d . Sixpence per Qrnirwr

      National Loan Society. At The Meeting Of...

      NATIONAL LOAN SOCIETY . At the meeting of this bod y at G-olden-lane , on "Wednesday evening , after the routine business had been transacted , Mr . Stratton was called to the chair . —The Secretary read communications from nearly thirty important towns enclosing scrip to the amount of nearly £ 200 , and numerous applications for the establishment of branches . The Secretary then reported relative to the election on the ensuing day of an official manager , and stated that there were twelve candidates in the field , and arrangements were made relative to the

      election . It . was also decided that the first of a series of public meetings on behalf of the Loan Society should beheld on Sunday evening , September 6 th , at the Hall , 26 , Golden lane , and also one on the ensuing Sunday evening , at the Whittington and Cat , Bethnal Green . Much regret was expressed that the Society had not earlier taken up the case of the election for official manager , so as to have given the country branches time to have more efficientl y recorded their votes . Several loans were granted and instalments received .

      The Queen's Visit To The Korth. Edinbubg...

      THE QUEEN'S VISIT TO THE KORTH . Edinbubgh , Friday . —Her Majesty and the Royal party left Holy roqd this morning at eight o ' clock . Hev Majesty arrived at the Stonehaven station at 12 . 43 , where she took leave , and immediatel y afterwards proceeded b y road to Balmoral , which was reached by half-past six o ' clock . The honour of knig hthood was conferred upon the Lord Provost in the evening .

      Mr. O 'Goskob And The Land Plan. To Feah...

      MR . o 'GOSKOB AND THE LAND PLAN . TO FEAHGUB o ' cOKKOB , ESQ ., M . P . - Respected Sir , — 1 beg to assure you that my confidence both in your Lund Plan , and your integrity is as strong as it ever was , and it vexes nie to see your frienus so indift ' erent , for 1 know there are plenty who would go any length co sustain you against your enemies , although they seem not 10 know how to set about it . I will , however , show there the way . I am a four acre shareholder in the Sheffield Branch , and have paid up all dues and

      demands . I have also paid a tolerable amount into the liana , and I will , with the greatest cheerfulness , hand over to you , sir , both scrips for Land and Bank , if you will accept them ; and , further , I have instructed the Secretary , George Cavill , of our Branch , as auou . as yea commence another Land Society , to enrol my name for a number of shares , so satisfied am I of your integrity and the value of your Lund Plan in connexion with your banking for the working classes . Hoping soon to See you wielding the sceptre once more ,

      I remain , truly , one of your children , Edwin Lee . Bowl Hill , near Sheffield , Sept . 2 nd . [ We have received several letters from numerous correspondents , of which the above may be taken asasanu . le .-Ed . "N . S . " ]

      Singular C Ause Of Riot.—On Wednesday Mo...

      Singular C ause of Riot . —On Wednesday morning word was brought down to the police station , Bow-street , that an' alarming riot had broken outinDrury-lane ; foity constables of the reserve were despatched , who found between three and four hundred women , who hail congregated round a linendrauer ' s ( Taylor ' s , 106 ) , Oghting for some real bargains , slightly damagrd by a fire that had occurred on the premises on Monday evening . So uproarious were the ladies , that the police had to carry off several to the station before they could restore order . The Okikstai . Bask- —A royal Charter has been granted U > the Oriental Bank , constituting it a Bank of issue in Ceylon and China , and empowering it to carry on exchange , deposit , and remittance business anywhere to the east of the Cape of Good Hope . Tiijs Royal Visit . —IIobbkbies at Doxcaster . —

      During the temporary Royal visit and sojourn in this town a number , of robberies have been committed . From one gentleman a silver watch was taken near the Angel ; another had his pocket picked of a gold lever watch near the shop ot Mes .-rs . Fox ; and another person had his watch abstracted whilst standing opposite the Angel . During the afternoon of Wednesday some houses were entered . Amongst them was the residence of Miss Clark , situate in the Horse Fair , from which a number of valuable articles , and a purse and

      five shillings in silver were taken , the property of a lodger . On Tbarsday morning , about the time of her Majesty ' s departure , a gold watch with cold dial was stolen from a lady in the street , or whilst standing at the platform . Several of the swell mob from Leeds , Birmingham , Manchester , Liver pool and oiher places , have been taken in cu « to << v by the police ; and on being taken before the magistrates were committed to the House of Correction for different periods , varying twenty-one dajto a month .

      e ABuLWAT Gatb-Kbkper wasIwli . bd by a tram nr-ar BrocaenhursS , on ifao Itowhestcr line on Wednesday last . He was not quick enough in openiite the pite . aad the train dashed through and cat hir , a to p ivces .

      €L)Mizt Inmngxiicc

      € l ) mizt inmngxiicc

      National Charter Association. Offices—14...

      NATIONAL CHARTER ASSOCIATION . Offices—14 , Southampton-street , Strand . The Executive Committee of this body held their usual , weekly meeting as above on "Wednesday evening last . Present : Messrs . Arnott , Milne , and Reynolds . Messrs . Harney , Jones , and O'Connor , being out of town , were absent ; and Messrs . Grassbvy through illness , Holyoake and . Hunt , through other important engagements , were also absent . John Milne presided . A vast amount of correspondence , of a most encouraging character , was read ,. including a report from Ernest Jones . The Secretary reported that he had learned with much pleasure that'Mr . Thomas Cooper , at a recent lecture delivered to a crowded

      audience at Newcasfcle-on-Tjrne ; had strong ly urged on the' people to join tho National Charter Association , and that he stated to the meeting that when he got back to London he intended immediately to join the movement . Also that the democrats of Hull , in order to arouse the dormant spirit of Chartism in that town , had engaged Mr . Thomas Cooper to lecture there on ' Wednesday , ' the 10 th , and Thursday , the 11 th of September . . The Secretary further reported that the ' Circular' for the present month was now ready , and trusted that all sub-secretaries and friends would at once send their orders for the same .

      Arrangements having been made relative to the aggregate meeting of the metropolitan members , on Sunday afternoon , September the 6 th , the Committee adjourned to Wednesday evening , September the 10 th . Signed on behalf of the Committee , John Arnotx , Gen . Sec . report op ebnest jonks ' s tour . On Monday evening , the 25 th ult ., I lectured at Coventry . The Mayor having' refused the use of St . Mary ' s Hall , expressing himself surprised that it shoufd be applied for , for '' the use of a convicted criminal ; " the good men of Coventry , determined to be beholden to God alone for their meeting place , nnd accordingly an open air meeting took place oa

      Grey Friar's Green , at half-past six in the evening . At least 3 , 000 attended , the general estirnatebeing 5 , 000 . Distress is increasing in Coventry—and democracy is rapidly rising . It being out of doors , and dark before the meeting concluded , enrolment was impossible , —nevertheless twenty-four found their way to the place of meeting for tho locality , whither we had adjourned , arid took out cards of membership . Twenty more were disposed of by the Council . On Tuesday I was at Congleton . This little town suffers under an unusual degree of persecution and tyranny . The place of meeting was the

      ground-floor of a disused factory belonging to a veteran democrat , Mr . Booth , between eighty and ninety years of age !—a gentleman who has long and nobl y feught the battle of truth in Congleton . As the time of meeting drew near , tho masters and overlookers stationed themselves about the town to see who dared attend the meeting , and the magistrates clerk took " post and battalion " at . the door of the meeting place . Notwithstanding the workingmen congregated in great numbers—a locality was formed , a meeting place appointed—( the same factory , )—! enrolled thirty-four members , and the now locality disposed of thirty-six cards besides .

      On Wednesday I attended .. in the large new Hall at Stockport . The audience was very largeand so would , I believe , the enrolment , had not a teetotal lecturer , and a gentleman named Nathan Wood , sown division in the meeting , by stating that teetotalism was the real way to gain the Charter . It is due , however , to the body concerned in that great and beneficial movement , to say that they discountenanced the disturbance created by the gentlemen alluded to . Thus one set of reformers cannot allow another to do good , il it is not done just in their own particular way 1 Thursday happening to be an unengaged day ,

      ( owing , to the meeting at Manchester being postponed to Tuesday , ) the Stockport friends invited me to deliver another lecture in tho large room of the locality . The meeting was convened by word of mouth during the dinner hour on Thursdayand the room was full by six o ' clock . I enrolled twenty-three members , and the Council disposed of seventy cards . After the meeting , the kind friends at Stockport had proposed a public supper , and accordingly wo sat down to a sumptuous repast , —and music having been provided also , the dance , song , and recitation were kept up till a late hour of the night , with the greatest possible hilarity and spirit .

      On Friday , the 29 th ult ., the magnificent flail m Bolton was completely crammed with an overflowing audience . Mr . Isaac Burrow , a rich master builder , and staunch democrat , was called to the chair . This is the borough represented . ; by Sir J . Walmesley . The leading financial ' reformers of Bolton attended , which caused me to seize that occasion for exposing the delusion , snare , and mockery , comprised in their measure of reformchallenging them to defend their measure if they found it defensible—a challenge which was reiterated several times by the chairman . But not one of them stood forward . I enrolled fifty-four members , ( the chairman being the first to take out a card)—and the . Council , disposed of twenty-five cards besides .

      . On Sunday ,, the 31 sfc ult ., I lectured twice in Padiham , and enrolled twenty-two members . The audiences were very large—and the lecture in the evening being on " the errors of the co-operative movement as at present conducted , " excited considerable discussion , which was , however , conducted in a very friendly spirit . The result was , that it was arranged I should meet Mr . Lloyd Jones at Padiham in about six weeks—to vindicate the following position : — "That the co-operative movement , as at present conducted , is based upon an error ; instead of preventing competition , it recreates it—instead of destroying profitmongering , it renews it—and instead of abrogating the centralisation of wealth , it re-establishes it—carrying within itself the germs of dissolution—and being utterly at variance with the true principles of justice and cooperation . "

      On Monday , the 1 st inst ., I addressed a crowded audience in the Assembly llooms at Wigan . Mr . James llyslop , a veteran Chartist , in the chair . A branch of the JJafcional Coarfcer Association was formed , a meeting place appointed , Mr . James Hilton elected Secretary , and Mr . John Tyles , Treasurer . I enrolled forty-five members , and the locality disposed of forty cards . This makes an addition of 913 to the Chartist ranks during the tour . Eiinest Jokes .

      Betunal Green.—On Sunday Evening Last, T...

      Betunal Green . —On Sunday evening last , tho late Crown and Anchor locality met in the large room of the White Horse Tavern , Hare-street . Mr . Vaughau was called to the chair , and in a business address introduced Mr . William Davis , who delivered an argumentative and instruct ! velecture on Free Trade and Protection . An animated discussion ensued , in which Messrs . Delaforce , Bloomfield , Slocomhe , Ferdinaiido , and Arnott took part . Votes of thanks to the lecturer and chairman closed the proceedings . The audience was numerous , and several members were enrolled .

      Bradford ( Yorkshire ) . —On Sunday last a public meeting was held in North ' s People ' s Gardens , Low Moor , on behalf of tho 'Sunday School for Secular Education in connexion with the Chartist council of the town . The meeting was numerously and respectably attended , and the committee and teachers were present . Mr . ' Charles Boon , one of the superintendents of the school ,, occupied the

      chair . The proceedings commenced with a hymn , after which the chairman briefly introduced the subject of the meeting . Mr . Robert Rider moved— « That in the opinion of this meeting the education given to our youth should be of a strictl y secular character , inasmuch as when imbued with sectarianism it prejudices and debases tho mind . ' Mr . Josep h Alderson seconded the motion , which was supported by Mr . Shaw , of Leeds , and unani-

      Betunal Green.—On Sunday Evening Last, T...

      mously carried . Mr . Scfaacleton moved ' the second resolution- ' That this meeting pledges itself to- support , . by pecuniary and other means the adoption of the secular principle in the education of our youth . ' This resoluijion _ was second ed . b y Mr . Milford , supported by Mr . Rushton , of Halifax and carried unanimousl y . Thanks were . gire a to the chairman and speakers , and were duly acknowledged . A collection was made in aid of the funds of the school , and was liberally responded to by those present .- The above is the first of asenes of meetings which it is the intention of the Bradford Secular School Committee to ,-hold on Education , and it is hoped that the-democrats of other towns will follow their noble example .

      Fihsbury Bbmocratic Association ; --A meeting of- members was held last Sunday night at the Goffee-house , 2 J , Vine-streeJ , Clerkenwell . ; Mr . Jones in the chair . The motion for establishing several auxiliary democratic associations in various districts in and near this borough ^ was unanimousl y carried , and on tJi ' e ' mdtiofflbf , Mrv . ' Cater ; the council was instructed to-, prepare - a-plan for the government of those associations , including general rules and bye-laws . Another motion

      was agreed to , calling on the members to procure subscribers and donations for the gratuitous distribution of the forthcoming 'Democratic Journal , ' for which purpose collecting books were distributed among the members .

      $Ttwc Jtttttfttg*

      $ ttWc jtttttfttg *

      Chartist Organisation.. A Public Meeting...

      CHARTIST ORGANISATION . . A public meeting was held on Tuesday evening at the Literary and Scientific Institution , Leicester , place , Little Saffron-bill . Mr . Weedon having been called to the chair , read a letter of apology for the absence of Mr . Holyoake . The Chairman said the working classes were not sufficiently aware of the value of meeting places like the present . The late case of homicide in Shoe . lane would never have been investigated if they had not taken the initiatory steps in that institution—all others would have been closed against them . By union and perseverance they could alone achieve their permanen t independence .

      Mr . T . Wheeler moved the following resolution , and strongly urged upon the meeting the necessity of making renewed and increased exertions : — That on viewing the present position of aftairs , this meeting is of opinion time much depends on the energies of the working classes as to what the future shall be , and being convinced that the possession of political power , as guaranteed by the People's Charter , would be the most effectual means of removing the mwnstrous evils in our social aystwn , and also that this can only be obtained by unity of action and concentration of purpose , we therefore resolve to organise ourselves for this desirable object .

      Mr . G . Wheeler seconded the resolution . Men were willing slaves , but it only wanted determination to throw off the j oke forever . If they only dis played a portion of that energy in working for their own benefit which they did in working for the benefit of others , they would soon become the possessors of political power , and reap the benefits resulting from the adoption of that measure . Mr . Reynolds supported the resolution . Never was there a lime when it mure behoved them to exert themselves . AU Europe was in a state ot convulsion . The coming year was looked forward to with fear by tyrants , and with hope by the friends of liberty—past failures bad-only given them

      experience , !* had not damped the ardour of the Republican party . When the storm of revolution should again sweep over Europe , he trusted and hoped that the people would seize upon their tyrants , and prevent fcheru ( rom ever again exercising power . This could ha done without erecting the scaffold . Did they think whtn the hour of liberty arrived that the people of their respective countries would ever forget the tyrannies of -Ferdinand oi Naples , of the Monarcbs of Prussia , Austria , and Russia , and other despots who had , by their tyrannies , disgraced human nature ? He would give uj ) twenty years of his life to see the day when all the Democrats of Europe should unite to march

      against Nicholas of Russia , and crush for ever thai despotism to which the other depots looked up for aid and support . The present system ot society was like the villas and gardens that adorned thr slopes 0 ! \ esuvius . AU looked gay and brig ht without , but the volcano raged beneath , and would twne day explode arid scatter destruction around . Society was founded on a wrong basis , the most valuable men were the worst treated , and were xcually despised . Every working man bad to support two other persons besides himself , and the only plan to emancipate himself was to shake otf the incubus which pressed upon him . These men , not content with robbing them of the best portion of' their

      wealth , would also legislate for them , professing to repiesent them . If a lew costermongers , & c , were to say tbey intended to make laws to iulc Dukes , Marquises , & c , they would scout the idea , and saythat they knew nothing of their wants and wishes ; but this was not a bit mare ridiculous than that Dukes and Marquises should pretend to represent working men , The House ot Commons and the Press were constantly boasting of the wealth of the country , whilst they had a million of papers , and an immense amount of distress among those partially employed . To boast of wealth under these circumstance s was to add imuh . to injury ; it was like showing them a table piled with luxuries , and

      throwing them nothing but a mouldy crust . Whyshould they be burdened with supporting in idleness a host of men of whom they knew nothing ? What bad the Duke of Grafton , or any other state pensioner , done to benefit the people , or to earn the money they wrung fr > m them ? They wanted men in the House of Commons not to represent themselves , or to make fortunes for their families , bui men who would represent the people who deputed them . Scarcely a member of that bouse had any sympathy with the people . They did not even represent the small section of the people wuo ejected them ; tli 3 . way in . which they expended ihe people ' s money was not satisfactory even t »

      the bulk of the present ekctors . Mr . Reynolds then alluded . to the promised Reform lidi of Lord . John . Russell , and warned them not to be again deceived or led astray . If two or thr-. e millions were added to the present constituency they would belong to the middle class of society , and would so garrison cur present institutions that the people would not have the Charter for a century to come . A league would perhaps be formed of all those who had something , against ' those who bad nothing , and true reform would be' more remote than ever . The same argument applied to Sir

      Joshua Walmsley s scheme ; they had < aken the people ' s Charier , which was beauiiul as a whole , and struck out some ot its most important points ; they d d not include payment of members , without which no working man could be elected . He advised them not to give their sympathy or support to these men . They were disci p les of the Manchester scboolj and . if tbey were foolish enough to be led away by them they would deserve to be slaves . Mr . Reynolds concluded a long and much applauded speech by strongly urging upon them the necessity of union and energy .

      Mr . Dick inquired whether Mr . Reynolds was not a member of the Parliamentary Reform Associa

      lion . Mi . Reynolds stated thai he once was a member , but was not at the present time . He then entered into a detail of the reasons which induced him to join that bod y , and said that when he found they would not come out { or the Charter , as they had promised him , be left the Association . Mr . Dicks then made some further remarks relative to the meetings at the Eclectic Institution , and wished to know why the notice of their meetings had been omitted from the executive advertisements in liegnolds ' s Paper and the Northern Star . Mr . Reynolds gave , a satisfactory explanationthe fault , if any , laid with Mr . Arnott . Mr . J . Itssell supported the resolution , and

      Chartist Organisation.. A Public Meeting...

      gave his views upon the " policy of supporting the Parliamentary Reform Association . The working classes were not yet prepared for the Charter , if they were they would be more earnest in their endeavour to obtain it . Instead of the Charter Association consisting of a few thousand members it would consist of millions ; instead of supporting institutions like the on ' e they were met ia , tbey were supporting institutions of the worst description . Mr . Fussell then dwelt upon the aspect of European affairs , dwelling more particularly upon the trials and sentences passed upon the Lyonese conspirators . denounciug the J

      conduct of Louia Napoleon in the strongest terms , and expressing his opinion that the ensuing year would witness the establishment of . a veritable Republic ; in France . The present system , both at , home and abroad ; was rotten , 8 n ( 1 mUst 800 rrer or later fall . Capital had an undue weight in all our undertakings . , As loii g ' as men could accumulate wealth by living on the labour of others , so Jons would the working man be at the bottom of the social scale . Unless the Charter gave tbem measures which would improve their social position it would be entirely useless .

      Mr . Windmill supported the resolution . The resolution was then put to the meeting , and carried unanimously . ' A vote of thanks was given to Mr . Reynolds and the Chairman . The meeting was crowded , and a good collection made in aid of the funds at its termination . Several members were also enrolled .

      Political Victims' Association. Tho Memb...

      POLITICAL VICTIMS' ASSOCIATION . Tho members met at Mr . Doddridge ' s , Queenstreet , Soho , on Sunday evening—Mr . Philip Mar . tin inthecbair . ' . The address from the " Star " was then read and commented upon in terms of approval , and Messrs . firyson , Fussell , and Bezer , were appointed a committee to draff up another address , still further explaining their views to their country brethren , and to lay it before tho meeting at its next sitting . Messrs . Prowling , Fussell Carney , Bezer , and Argue were appointed a committee to prepare the business oi the association . A discussion ensuing as to the future objects of the association ,

      Mr . Bryson said , their primary object was to ensure a full investigation of their treatment before the House of Commons ; but tbey . had also another duty , which was , to give aid and counsel to their brethren , and to watch the political horison , Hiking advantage of all that might tend to further the people ' s cause . Mr . Bezer was of opinion that their work would not be finished when the parliamentary inquiry was over , and they had taught the government that , henceforth , political prisoners must bo treated as human beings . They bad a far higher and holier object in view than the redress of their individual grievances .

      Mr . J . Fusseix , and other members , having expressed similar opinions , arrangements vrere made for holding a meeting ou Tuesday , September 9 th , at the Literary Institution , Hatton-gardcn , to consider the trials and sentonces of the Lyonnese patriots . Messrs . Duncombe , Wakley , O'Brien , Cameron , and others , were ordered to be invited , and it was decided that the meeting should be advertised , in order that . the people on the continent might see that English working men were not indifferent spectators of the struggles of their brethren in other lands . During the evening , the receipts and expenditure for the month were read , when it appeared that the receipts had been £ 1 os . 2 d ., and the expenditure the same ; for which sum three public meetings had been held .

      After tho discussion of other matters connected with the propaganda of this infant but prosperous body , a vote of thanks was given to the chairman , and the meeting separated .:

      -"¦Wflb^^"' ' Fa.Cts And Incidents 1 Of ...

      - " ¦ WflB ^^"' ' FA . CTS AND INCIDENTS OF THE GREAT EXHIBITION . On Saturday last the receipta at tho doors of the building fell to il , 30 G 15 sM the number of visitors being only 13 , 052 . If a further reduction in the price of admission is to be made , now is the time for it . The Lock Controversy . —The American picklock , Mr . Hobbs , has accomplished the p icking and opening of the famous Bramah ' s patent lock . A few weeks since this gentleman accepted the challenge of Mr . Chubb to pick one of his patent locks , and in a very brief period succeeded in opening it with common picklocks . He was then challenged b y

      Messrs . Bramah to experimentalise on what have been styled impregnable locks , and was promised a forfeit of £ 200 if he should succeed iu opening it . Iu order that tho trial mi ght be fairl y made , commissioners were appointed to decide upon it , and thirty clear days were granted by Messrs , Bramah to Mr . Hobbs for his' operation . Mr . Hobbs went to work ; but in a few days suspended his operations , alleging the weakness of his instruments . As soon as others had been prepared , ho desired to continue his attempt , but to this Messrs . Bramah objected . The commissioners , howover , interfered , and Mr . Hobbs resumed his labours , and shortly picked and opened the

      lock . Tho reward was , however withheld , on the ground , as we understand , that , contrary to the conditions , he had employed more than one instrument . This point is to be decided b y the commissioners , whose report is to be published iu a few days . With reference to Mr . Hobbs ' s lock in the Exhibition , and the reward of £ 500 offered to whomsoever shall pick it , no one up to the present time has como forward to accept his challenge . It is what is known iu America as the Parantothic Bank lock , and is described » 8 being manifestl y secure against tho attempts of even the inventor , being susceptible of 479 , 001 , 000 changes , through the moveable wards in the key .

      On Monday £ 2 , 405 10 s . was the sum taken at the doors of the . . building , the number of visitors being 50 , 233 . Singularl y enough , the sale of season tickets still continues , aud in the diurnal bulletin of receipts £ 8 10 s . figures as realized from that source . Tho receip ts at the doors on Tuesday amounted to £ 2 , 407 l 5 s ., and tiie number of visitors , according to tho police returns , was 49 , 800 . By the sale of season tickets £ l 10 s . was realiged .

      Among the visitors to tho Exhibition on Tuesday there came not less than 1 , 000 persons from Sunderland , who had associated for tho purpose , and were headed on the occasion by the mayor and Mr . James Hartley , the extensive glass manufacturer . The receipts on Wednesday amounted to £ 2 , 080 12 a ., the total number of visitors being 41 , 917 . We hear that ei ghty artisans have been sent over to this country from Sardinia to visit tho Exhibition , and that their expensesaredefrayed by a subscription liberally headed b y the King . Every arrangement has been made to enable them to profit by their trip to the fullest extent .

      The Coalbrook-dale Iron Company have sold their remarkable gates at the Great Exhibition for i' 1 , 500 , and , it is affirmed , have received orders for other copies of them . Tho Queen also has rewarded their spirited first experiments in bronze casting hy the purchase of Bell ' s Andromeda , with its pedestal . The recei p ts on Thursday amounted to £ 2 , 137 18 s ., the number of visitors being 44 , 209 . There were no less than five schools in and around tho metropolis present , and the paupers of St . George ' s , Southwark , were wero also kimily treated to a view of the Crystal Palace .

      Tliu receipts at the doors of the building on Friday ' amounted to £ l / ' 0 o 7 s . ( Id ., the number of visitors being 15 , ? 20 .

      -"¦Wflb^^"' ' Fa.Cts And Incidents 1 Of ...

      S ^ £ » mmtfmitt ! # - __ $ UKEK * S THEATRE . An ori gina orlinia " by Mr . CiStanfield Jarhe 8 » entitled the ip . ^ jr War , is the chief attraction at tins theatre . The plot is soon told . Kob ltust , ( Mr . E . Gieen ) a diiriiig llush-raiigor and terror ot tlm settlers , has , prior to the action of th « piece , become attached to Alice "iley wood ; ( Mist itivers ) the daughter of an old settler .. She . liow « ? M ' , , " ° "" 2 « ' > the addresses of Cvril Elwyny l « i unesteri

      . u . , ) „ consequence of which Kob neglect ? his farm , becomes reckless and desperate ' ; and after committing various depredations in tha settlement turns bush-ranger , and joins ' theKafflra , to gratify his revenge against his rival , and to obtain possession of Alice . Ilia victims , whe- art several times in bis power arc protected by LeyelA , the chieftain ' s daughter , ( Miss M . lluddavt ) who is also enamoured of the young settler . . The IJaabV ranger escapes- to t ! se mountains with Alice , hotly pursued by tho llritislt troops , who shoot him just as he is about-to- precip itate his victim down ' theravine . In the meantime the settlers attack and 'Willi ., All H 1 C 1 I 1 U (» . 1 UI »* JV > . HW U . V . tv > . » v . » u . k «» uW

      defeat the savages , and the curtain falls on a mag * nificent tableau , representing the triumph of the Brinish arms . This drama abounds with incidents : events follow each other in rap id succession , and the interest never ftigs . Tho scenery and appoint * merit * are in good keeping , and the stage director c . ' jiinot ha too highly complimented for bis judicious taste iu arranging the vadous Wblvaus , and other complicated business connected with this piece , which is carried out with ease nnd precision . All the characters were well sustained , and the a ' p « probation of the bou-o was testified by repeated plaudits , 'flic favourite doir . eaie drama of 3 Vwperance folio wed . and the entertainments concluded with The Demit Signal , a drama written by Tho-ilpV son Townseiid , lisq ., the scene of which is laid id . the timo of the ' Commonwealth , ROYAL POLYTECHNIC m'mUTION . ' )

      The chemical professor of thw establishment , Mr . Pepper , ia still engaged in delivering lecture * oil the deposits in the Great Exhibition , and has ' , taken metals and the dies from which they nro ob « tained for bis subject . . T heir value and ipiportance cannot be too highiyjestimated ; taken asjsimplo bodies , they represent fifty out of tno sixty-threa elements , of which the habitable world is composed . Their place in the Catalogue of the Exhibition will ' at oiiou show that the metals and their application . ' comprehend ten of the thirty classes of the productions of the United Kingdom . With such a host of materials , it may be easily imagined how interesting the course of Lectures mu . > t become , and wo . shall , therefore , watch their progress with pleasure . After a general view of the metals , the learned Professor observed , that he should confine himself

      ohitfly to the chemistry of the subject ; and if that was to bo commenced properly the Alchemists , tho true fathers of the Science , must not bo passed over in silence , tlu-y had a lurther claim on our respect and consideration , because the idea of thu possibilit y of tninsmtimioii had been once mora revived , and was now engaging tho attention of the highest ranks of science . It would be impossible for us to follow Mr . Pepper through his varied and , beautiful experiments ; we can only , say that those intentions , wh . ch wore twofold , ( viz ., to show the chemical preparation of in . tals , to demonstrate the chemical affinity , and to he an apology for tho seeming folly of the Alchemists idea of transmuta- tion , ) was admirably fulfilled ; and the audience appeared well satisfied with the popular , and , at the same time , scientific style with which this discourse was delivered .

      Stifirscted Murdkr,—A Struiigo Rumour, W...

      StifirscTED Murdkr , —A struiigo rumour , which wo believe bad its origin at Friskney , is in circulation relative to the mysterious disappearance of a ' boy named Kndcrby some fifteen or sixteen years ago . Tho lad was about thirteen years of age , tho adopted sonof the late Mr . Emierby , Inn-keeper , of Skegness . On the morning of his disappearance he arose between two and three o ' clock to fetch up the horses to go to Louth with a load of corn , but after quitting tho housts was heVcr seen or heard of again . It was evident he bad been in the field with tho horses , for ho had brought them through one gate and closed and fastened it ; his 0 ip was also , it is remembered left in the field . Every search was made without avail , and even conjecture at last bad exhausted itsowiiainploresoiirces . Therciuembranco

      of theevent , however , still lived and lingered in men ' s minds . A few years since a man of the name of Mihies , of Croft , made tome unintelligible reference to this mysterious event bel ' oru he died , but nothing definite and conclusive could be gathered from his semi-delirious ravings . However , a " navvie , " called Candy Taylor , who had married a sister of Milncs , died very recentl y , and before his death made the following horrible disclosure , viz .: —That as young Enderby was returning with the horse in all the boyish joyousness at the expectation of going to Louth , ho lighted upon Taylor and Alilnes engaged in slaughtering a sheep ; that , to prevent detection , they murdered the poor iad and buried his corpse in the sand about four miles off , at Ingolil-mells Out-end . These two fellows , Taylor and Milnes , wero despe : atc characters , and tho terror t . f the neighbourhood , —&\>{{ on Utraldi

      A Father Drowned while Attkmptino to Hksoub his Dauohtkr . —An inquest was held on Saturday last at West Carr , near Epwonb , upon the bodies of a father and daughter , named Reuben and Ann Lcg |! 0 it . It appeared from tho evidence that there had been some disagreement on the previous Thursday between Mrs . Leggott and her daughter , and in the quarrel the father interfered , remarking , ih a tone of reproach , that lie uid not know what was to be done with the deceased girl . The latter said hastily , that she knew what was to bo dono

      with her , and walked out of the house . Iu a i ' ewuiinutes screams were heard , and on running outin tho direction of the sound , the parents saw ' that their daughter had thrown herself into a deep pit , which had been made in the progress of some warping operations in tho neighbouring land . The father instantly plusiged in , in tho hope of saving his child , but she clung to him so tightly that he . was unable to extricate himself , and , the sides of the pit being nearly perpendicular , both were drowned before anv assistance could rendered . The mother

      vras an tye-vntneas 01 the cntubtropho , which sho could not avert . A verdictt ot temporary insanity was returned in tho ease of the daughter , and one of accidental death in that of Mr . Leggotr .. The respective ages of the deceased were lorty-eight and eighteen . Thk Colliery Accident at Kingswood , neah Bristol . —On Wednesday afternoon W , J , Ellis , Esq ., tho coroner for the district of Gloucestershiro in winch tho Deer Fit Colliery is situated , commenced an inquest on the body of Stephen Newman , who was killed by filling down the pit . The coroner briefly stated to the jury the nature of the

      inquiry upon which they were about to enter . Moses Jeffries , who acted as banksman of the pit 0 deposed to tho fact of the cart being raised beyond the level . Three of the men . who were hauled up , viz ., the deceased , a man named Bryant , and another named Stone saw iheir danger , and jumped from the cart . Bryant and Stone managed to secure a safe looting , but the deceased staggered backwards , and fell do . vn the pit . The coroner then adjourned the inquest till Tuesday next , and directed that the engineer ( Stone ) should bo taken into custody , lie was accordingly arrested , and will be detained in custody -to await the verdict ol the coro « ner sjury .

      Much interest has been excited 111 America by the discovery , in the State of Maine , of largo tracts of genuine peat-bog , of a very superior quality ; and the arrangements are already on foot for bringing it to the Atlantic cities , as an article of tomi ; erco . The Advertisement Duty Nuisance . —Wo havo received the following official notice from tho Stamp office : — " It having been tho practice of iomo of the publishers of newspapers of inserting a list of ' Arrivals at Hotels , ' 1 am directed 10 infoirn ,

      you that the advertisement duty attaches to such announcement in respect to each hotel , aud that any such list , with the hotel named , will be charged if it appuar after this notice . " We have occasionally givell SUch notices , as matters of news , which it has cost us something to obtain , and we havo no doubt our readers felt interest in perusing the movements of important personages which we recorded . We do hope that this new regulation will bo carried out strictly and impartially , that our metropolitan contemporaries will bo forbidden to mention the name of the hottl where her

      Majesty may happen to stop on her journeys , as at Donca ter last week . Let tho announcement of •' distinguished foreigntrs" atMivart ' s Hotel , be prohibited , under like penalty . Let the names of all tho principal guests who attend public dinners , or public meetings , at inns , be charged' as advertisements , if the namo of the inn be mentioned . Let this most frivolous and vexatious , of all existing imposts be carried out in all its repulsive strictness , aud tho public will thin , but WO fear not till thenj seethe propriety of agitaiintr ' for its repeal . Wc hope this wilt prove the last tuTn of this detestable ' screw . "—Maidstone Uazetle

      Kbyulyisg Sail Pru 1 > ulhios . —Mr . Watson a gentleman « f fortune residing j n Manchester , has invented and patented a revolving sail shin , a model of which , tweuu-ihr « f m in D kl ) gth ^ dEhkel beam , he has been exibitiug on the Mersey . Its KV ™ ni , ; ealBr 'i ? i 8 t 8 hl tlie introduction of a £ fa » S : ^ "S . sails sixteen in number , similar to indM 1 TV " 1 11 which a , e ele ™ ted on a wheel ?«!» . « M h d VP 5 ndle . As soon as tho wind touches the satis , they instantly set in motioa the kindle , which acting upon a very simple piece ofmachinery , propeis a couple of padd . es . The objects attained arc greater speed by means of the paddles and of sailing against a head vind . The be pointed with ease to any point of ( ho Dead or contrarv winds' sre not rccug stiff breeze being ' a'l that is requisite iq'

      4! 7 V 1» L \ )< ¦ 1

      4 ! 7 V l )< ¦ 1

      Sails Ciy*--(^Ovflqssu. Fflsj Fd" ^;^ Wm...

      sails ciy * --(^ ovflqssU . fflsj fd " ^;^ WMW sails cjJJ * -- ~>^ j '» . i V . ' ^ v ; r 3 sA ! ' ^ V- ' .-- ' ^' y-N \ 91 g aeiffegl J w if # i < CJ rn % ' * X > < Twff $ k \ 2 > v s & f ¦ ** ( Ui -wtM-tSl m -iflH

  • Citation
    • Northern Star (1837-1852), Sept. 6, 1851, page 1, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse.ac.uk/periodicals/ns/issues/ns2_06091851/page/1/