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Northern Star (1837-1852), 7th April 1849, Edition 2 of 3, Page 2

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      2 THE NORTHERN STAR . . ~ ^ - -. , , — =-=-= — = ————>———^ - I of the The of in of

      Hfareigit Intelligence.

      Hfareigit intelligence .

      France. The Trial Of The Republican Chie...

      FRANCE . THE TRIAL OF THE REPUBLICAN CHIEFS Sources . —On Thursday , the counsel for the prigenera catered on their defence at Bourges . Barbes was called on , but declined defending himself . — Sobrkr was then called en . and M . Baud , his counsel , addressed the jury in his defence . —Raspail defended himself . He denied his complicity in any plot for the overthrow of the government on the 15 th ef . May . The manifestation on that day was only in favour of Poland . —Flotte was next called , hut declined making any defence . —The counsel for Qaentin next addressed the court . The court rose at six o ' clock .

      On Friday , a considerable crowd was collected , and the galleries were completely filled by welldressed people of both sexes to hear the speech of M , B & hmout in defence of General Courtais . The defence was long and brilliant , and produced much sensation . At its conclusion , wheu the advocate appealed to Heaven for the truth of his conviction that hh client was no traitor , and that whatever mav be now thought , bis innocence would hereafter

      be ' proved . General Courtais appeared to be much affected , and was observed even to shed tears . — Blanqui was called on to address , according OS he had iaf-nded , some observations to the court . He said that the Procureur-General should first reply to the observations of his counsel . The Procureur-General had no reply to make until the prisoner's defence was completed . Blanqui said he was not ready . The President , therefore , adjourned the court at half-past three o ' clock .

      On Saturday , Blanqui addressed the court in his own defence . He was interrupted by the President , as be attacked the decree of the National Assembly and competency of the court . The Procureur-General a stressed the jury at great length . The court adjourn" ] at six o ' clock . Great interest was excited at Bourges , on Sunday , hy Ihc . vinoancement of the arrival there of Huber , 1 ? no baa surrendered himself . Huber , however , will not bo ir ed at present . The defence of the prisoners was csadnoed till six o'clock , when the court adloarncj .

      SEXTOCfi ON THE PRISONERS . BARBES AND ALBERT TRANSPORTED FOR LIFE . ( From 3 second edition of the Times of Wednesday . ) The . antenees were passed at eleven o ' clock on Monday night , April 2 nd , on the political prisoners at Bonrjes . Barbes and Albert , transportation for life . Pianqni , ten years * imprisonment . Sobiier , je-en y-: ars . Raspail , six years . Flotte and Qaentin , fiv-. years each . General Courtais , Degre , Le P ^ unier . Bonnes , Thomas , Yilatn , and Larget , were acquitted and discharged . The sentence on Louis B ' anc cvtd Caussidiere , was adjourned till Tuesday . It appears that Barbes addressed the Court at seme ' tr . gth , and concluded his speech by shouting " Yite « RepuMique Democratique et Sociale !"— a crv in -. Much Sobrier loudly joined .

      wepn'esdat . —The High Court of Bourges baa eondeauied Louis Blanc , Caussidiere , Honneau , La » virron , Seigneuuet , asd Napoleon Chancel , by default , t & transportation for life . Infamous Persecution of the Citizen piiouj > fTw . —On- Wednesday , March 28 th , M Prond-. on , the celebrated Socialist representative , and C ( i .-or of the journal £ e Peuple , and M . Duchesm . ihegerant of that journal , were brought to trial for a libel on the President of the Republic , published in Le Peuple . The two articles incriminated appeared on the 26 th and 2 7 th of January , and were entitled ' La Guerre' and ' Le President de la Jlqmblique est responsable . " M . Duchesne

      admitted hi « responsibility as gsrant , and M . Proudion arsiowledged the authorship of the articles . The A < U » cate-Geaeral contended tiiat in these articles ths accused had committed the offences of exciting hatred and contempt of the government , of attacking the Constitution and the authority of the President of the Republic , and of having endeavoured to distu- ' j the public peace by exciting citizens to catrc ( 7 against each other . After a long trial both the accusei were found guilty , and M . Duchesne ¦ was sentenced to one year ' s imprisonment and a fine o : 1 , 009 francs , while M . Proudhon was sentenced to three years' imprisonment , and a fine of 3 , 000 f-ancs .

      Pfv-nhon has laid au appeal bsfora the Court of Ca-sa ; -a against the judgment of the Court of Assize . ^ AiiOXAi . Assembly . —Affairs of Italy . — Friday . March 30 th . —The discussion on the affairs ; f Italy was opened to-day in the National Assembly by M . Bixio , who stated that the Committee o " " Foreign Affairs had keenly felt the deep emotk-i produced in the Assembly by the communication ? iade on "Wednesday by the President of the Council relative to Italy . It bad immediately met to deliberate on that grave matter . A frightful catastrophe had annihilated the only regular force onrani-rd forthe defence of Italv . and he would not

      pass over the bodies of that heroical army without paying a just tribute of regret to their manes and to the s ; nous temerity of their king . ( Murmurs and laugh * r . ) Austria now menaced the whole Italian ' peninnda . The question was nolcnger an European cr Iti ^ an question . It was a French question . The integrity of Piedmont , under Louis XIV ., as well as under the Republic , was indispensable to the security of France . The passage of the Ticino or the Varbv ihe Austrians was identically the same . The Committee was accordingly of opinion that the Austrian ; should be immediatel y invited to retire , and that tii « French government should not confine itself to a oiere exchange of votes , but take up a position

      on trie menaced territory . He concluded by propositi ? : the following resolution : — 'The National Asseasidy , jealous of securing the preservation of the two greatest interests confided to it , the dignity of France , and the maintenance of peace founded in respcci for nationalities , and concurring in the Ian gua ^ e h : ld in the sitting of the 28 th by the Presiden of the : Council of Ministers , confiding also in the g - veraiaant of the President of the Republic , declares that , if the better to guarantee the integrity of the Piedmontese territory and protect the interests and honour of France , the Executive Power should think it Eswssary to give force to the negotiations , by the partial and temporary occupation of any point of

      Lppar Italy , it would find in the National Asssmbly the most sincere and cordial cO-operation . —The Minister of Foreign Affairs then addressed the Assembly , explaining the state of affairs in Piedmont . — H . Sillanlt , who followed , blamed the government for having adopted , as the basis of the negotiation , the treaties of 1815 , which had been virtually abrogated . An intervention in Piedmont was ridiculous , the givernuieai knowing very well that the Austr ' ans did not intend to retain possession of that country . It was in Lorabardy the teal Italian question rested . —M . Drouyn de Lhuys replied . After vihich , M . Isdra Eollin ross and justified the foreign policy of the Provisional Government . If it bed not assisted Charles Albert , it was because that prince tos ambitious to annex to his kingdom the

      Lombarao-Venetian provinces , and that he was afraid the French so'diers would propagate republican princi ples in bis dominions . The Executive Commission subsequently proposed to the Sardinian government to occupy the country ef Nice and Savoy , but experienced a similar refusal . He then contended that the Austrians , by preserving the important positiou of Alessandria , commanded the entire Peninsula , and urged the French government to form an alliance with the Republics of Central Italy . ( Laughter . ) He then cited passages from speeches , delivered by Messrs . Odillon Barrot , Thiers , and Duvergier de Hauranne , in 1838 , after the evacuation oi Aacona by order of Count Mole , and maintained that if they did sot now interfere in Italy their condemnation of that act must have been a

      mere comedy . ~ After M . Jules Favre bad addressed the Assembly , M . Drouyn de Lhuys rose and announced that the government accepted the resolution presented by the Cammittee of Foreign Affairs—M . Fioeon declared that he could not concur in the resolution , as it implied confidence in a Cabinet which he distrusted . He accordingly proposed the Mowing order of ( he day : — ' The Assembly , persisting in its resolution of the 24 th May , 1848 , invites the government to take measures to guarantee the emancipation of Italy . ' ( Murmurs . ) Some other amendments were proposed . Ultimatel y the debate was adjourned .

      Paris , Saturday . —In the course of this day's debate M . Thiers delivered a most infamous speech . ' You seek , ' said M . Thiers , « the independence of Lombardy and Venetia , -which would be equivalent to a war with Austria ; or , in fact , a war with the whole continent . This would be madaess and anti-nahonaL' M . Thiers said that it was necessary to uphold the treaties oU 815 , and rUmM the assertion of M . de Lamartine , who , in his memorable manifesto , declared that they existed de facto , but not de jure . Of course he was loudly applauded by the base majority . Finally , the motion # 5 on Bu 4 ° , m 0 ( ufied as follows was adopted by 444 w aa . The Assembl y declares , that if the better

      France. The Trial Of The Republican Chie...

      to guarantee the integrity of the Piedmontese territory , and to protect the interests and honour of France , the Executive Power should think proper to support its negotiations by a partial and temporary occupation of Italy , the National Assembly would grant it its entire co-operations . SOCIALISM IX the Abmv . -The 6 ftiB jJJ J of Artillery in Paris nai been ordered to quithe capital , although its period of service ^ ™ expired The Ultra-Republican-journals assert that its departure is occasioned by its being converted to Socialism , and that the men would not fire on the people . Serious disturb

      Socialist Manifestation . - - aaces were created at Souillac , in the department of the Lot , on the 25 th ult ., by a number of Socialists who had formed an illegal club , but having been dispersed by the police they paraded the town , crying « Vive JRobespierre V ' Five Blanqui I ' Vive la Montapne ? 'Fire BarlesV Vre & IaGuiL lotine V—Tiv . es . Th e Red Bepmhc-A banquet given on Sunday by the ex-delegates of the Luxembourg collected 1 , 200 * guests at the Barriere de Sevres . Several Afontagnard representatives attended , amongst whom were observed MM . Joly , Felix Pyat , and Pierre Leroux . After the company entered the banquet-hall the Commissary of Police ofVaugirard , assisted by three peace' officers , demanded admission , but having been refused , he took a note of the refusal and withdrew .

      M . Gautifir , in speaking of the first toast , ' the Revolution , ' passed a warm eulogium on Louis Blanc and Albert , and censured the acts of the present government . He was interrupted by cries of ' Death to tyrants , '' Down with the political scaffold , ' in allusion to the execution of the ' murderers * of General Brea . The usual toasts were given , and the meeting separated . France Dishonoured . —' Let us efface from our banners , ' cries Le Peup le , * the words' National Honour . ' Let us never again speak of our sympathies for an oppressed people , and of the initiative which it ought to be the glory of France to take over the world . Let us over with a funeral crape the book of our history . Let us , above all , forget the glories of the Republic and the Empire . It

      would be too much shame to endure at the same time . We are fallen far below the Restorationfar below the government of Louis Philippe . Brought back in the baggage carts of the Holy Alliance , the Restoration freed Greece and conquered an entire continent when taking possession of Algiers . Though the shameless slave of ' peace at any cost , ' the government of Louis Philippe bombarded Antwerp , and occupied Ancona at the very first news of the intervention of Austria in Italy . What the Restoration did , what the Ministers of ' peace at any cost' did . we do not dare to do , though France is now a Republic , and the name of Napoleon is at the head of the Executive power . See to waat baseness we are reduced ; Why- drryou talk to us of Polignac and Guizot ! In comparison with such creatures as you , they were chivalrous guardians of our national honour . '

      Le Peuple then makes * direct appeal to the army , and calls upon it to declare itself for war , and thus render war inevitable . Buonapaktist Corruption —Paris ; ' Tuesday Morning . —The proceedings in the National Assembly yester day were of extraordinary violence . The subject under discussion was the budget of the Minister of ths Interior . In the third chapter , which relates to the pension fund of that department , there appears the sum of 52 , 0007 . for the retiring pensions granted by M . Leon Faucher , to eighteen prefects who retired or were dismissed in

      consequence of the Revolution of February . M . Brard opposed the grant , un the ground that none or these functionaries had served the time required by the law of 1790—namely , sixty years of age , and thirty years' service , After a stormy debate , M . Jules Favre proposed an order of the day motive blaming the Ministry . Ultimately M . Roux Cir-IjDnnel brought forward another amendment stating thai the Assembly , not being acquainted with the facts of the case , sent the matter to the committee of finance for examination , and the latter was adopted by a majority of 13 , the numbers being 363 to 350 .

      The Approaching Ejections . —The preparations for the approaching elections are now going on with great activity . The Republicans , Buonapartists , Monarchists , and Socialists have all their different committees , and meetings are held every day in which the pretensions of the different candidates are discussed . Defeat of the Government . —In the National Assembly yesterday the government was twice beaten , first on the vote of 50 , 000 francs to General Changarnier , when the majority was'fifty-seven against the government ; and secondly , on a grant demanded for the political and moral superintendence of theatres , which was refused by a majority of 365 to 332 . Tyranny of the President . —Another

      Onslaught on the Liberty of the Press . —The journal Le Peuple was seized on Wednesday for asserting that the President of the Republic had contracted money obligations which hampered his will and his political ideas . Paris , Wednesday , —Charles Albert , ex-king of Sardinia , arrived in Paris yesterday afternoon . He came by rail from Bourges .

      GERMANY . ELECIIOX OF THE KUfG OF PRUSSIA AS EMPEKOR OF THE GERMAN'S . FRANKFORT—The National Assembly elected , on the afternoon of the 28 th ult ., the King of Prussia as Emperor of the Germans . 290 members voted for the motion conferring the Imperial dignity on his Prussian Majesty , and 248 refrained from taking any part in the proceedings . A deputation of twenty-four members was chosen to convev the intelligence to the Kin ? of Prussia .

      The Assembly received on the 29 th ult . the official information that the Archduke John had resigned the post of vicar of the German empire , ' on account of existing circumstances . ' In a letter addressed to Baron von Gagern , bis Imperial Highness expresses the wish that be ( the Arcnduke ) may be released from the duties of his office , so soon as that release can be effected without injury to the tranquillity and welfare of Germany . The house then adjourned till the 4 th of April . Cologne , March 30 . —The deputation appointed by the Frankfort National Assembly to convey to the King of Prussia the intelligence of his election to the imperial crown of Germany , arrived on the 30 th ult . in Cologne by one of the steamers . On landing they were greeted with cheers and hisses , the latter gieatly predominating .

      During their stay at Cologne on Friday night , a large crowd assembled in front of the Hotel Disch , where they bad put up , and treated them to a charii'ari—the famous ' cat ' s music' of the GerraaF . s As it was feared that other and more hostile demonstrations might be made ( for the democrats of Cologne are all republicans ) , the troops were called out , and they took up positions at the corners of all ihe streets leading to the above hotel , thus preventing the passage of all persons except those who resided therein .

      Horrible Persecution of the Birlin Workmen . — The criminal court has pronounced sentence on the persons accused of rioting and destroying machinery on the 16 th of October last . The prisoner most deeply implicated , a labourer , on some points of law , escaped with the lightest sentence , six months' imprisonment . The others were condemned to various terms of imprisonment — one to ten years , two to six , and two to four years with hard labour , one to a year's simple imprisonment , and one to a year ' s service in the military penal company . The well-known Linden Muller is condemned to two years' imprisonment in a fortress .

      Baben . —The trial of Struve and Blind « vas brought to a close on the 30 th ult . The jury declared the accused not guilty of high treason , but convicted them on the minor counts . Seatence had not been passed .

      WAR IN HUNGARY . The news of the fall of Hermannsf adt is corroborated by all the newspaper correspondents . That town , the seat of a Saxon population , and for that very reason marked out , like the whole of Transylvania , by Kossuth . for punishment , has been overrun by Bern and his legions . An important fight had taken place at Comorn with a body of insurgents , under Gorgey , with what result is not known . The rebels are reported to have displayed great valour , particularly the hussars , who dashed up with irresistible impetuosity to the battering train of the Imperialists , and took their , gnns by storm , like' the Polish Lancers , in the charge of Semosierra .

      The Hungarians again Victorious . — Vienna , March 28 . — To-day , private communications inform us of a great battle near Kezskemet , in which Jellachich has been again beaten . The advanced guard of the Magyars is now in Weitzen , about ten German miles from Comorn , and about

      France. The Trial Of The Republican Chie...

      sis miles from Pesth , in a northerly direction . It seems that the Magyars do not intend to attack O / en , which is no position of strategic importance but to relieve Comorn , which has been continually bombarded since the 18 th of this month , but without any success . Kossuth ' s brother-in-law , commanding this fortress , having received every day two or three officers from the beaeigers , demanding him to surrender , has refused to receive any more . He did so in consequence of those officers being little better than spies . One Austrian officer came into the fortress as a deserter , was kindly received , and nominated major of the artillery . This gentleman was detected corresponding by signals with the Austrians , and when the latter , in consequence of these signals , attacked a place which usually was very badly defended , the deserter was hanged , and the imperial troops received with a heavy fire .

      The Times correspondent , who evidently is in the pay oi the & us \ , tvm » , says \ u that Tpapw of Wednesday : — ' Things look exceedingly gloomy iu Haagary , and if a change of men aud \ aclica do not speedily take place , the worst is to be feared . The Lloyd of to-day tells us that several hoJ engagements have taken place within a rayon of about fifty English miles of Pesth , and as no bulletin has been issued , it is clear that we have been worsted . [ ' We have been worsted . ' That is the vile scoundrel ' s paymasters—the accursed Austrian tyrants . May ' the worst' for rtot come speedily . ]

      THE WAR IN ITALY . Our last number contained the telegraphic despatch read to the French Assembly , which announced the complete defeat of the Piedmontese army by the Austrians , and the flight and abdication of Charles Albert . We resume the history of these important events . The following is from the Paris correspondence of the Times : — ' The battle which forced Charles Albert to abdicate in favour of hia son , the Duke of Savoy , was fought on the 24 th between Novara and

      Vercelli . It was commenced by General Chrzanowsky , who was at first successful . He recovered the position he had previously lost , hut Marshal Radetskyhaving with consummate skill concentrated his entire force , consisting of 60 , 000 men , on one point , the Piedmontese line was broken , and one division , commanded by the Duke of Savoy , was driven to Bielle at the foot of the Alps , and the other , under the command of Cbrzanowsky , to Borgo-Manero . The Piedmontese Generals , Perrone and Pasulacqua , both men of large hereditary fortune in Piedmont , were killed . '

      We takethe following from the C ' onstitutionnel;—' The march of Radetsky was undaunted , but not Imprudent . It bad for its object , as it gained for its result , to oblige Charles Albert to give him a decided battle at the very opening of the campaign . The interest of the Piedmontese seemed to be , ou the contrary , to avoid a decisive action , in order to give time to Lombardy to make a last effort , and come to the aid of her liberators . It was with the hope of an insurrection , of Lombardy co-operating with this attack , that Charles Albert divided his forces , that he sent a division to the borders of the Lago Maggiore to encourage the insurgents of the province of Como , while one of his best generals ,

      La Marmora , with 12 , 000 or 15 , 000 men , operated below the Po , and penetrated into Lombardy by the Duchy of Parma . Milan was thus threatened both on the north and on the south while the Piedraontese army was marching direct from Turin to Milan . To lose Milan by an insurrection excited by the appearance of the Piedmontese columns , or by a defeat , was the same thing to Radetsky ; either would obli g e him to retire behind the Adda , or , perhaps , behind the Oglio . To drive away Charles Albert from Milan when his vanguard « as only five leagues fram that city ; to compel him to retreat upon the Piedmontese territory , and there accept a decisive battle , which would open to one the road to Turin ,

      or to the other the road into Milan , was the problem which Radetsky has solved . Turin , as well as Milan , is on the left bank of the Po . Twentywfive leajsues and two broad rivers separate these two capitals . The two rivers are the Sasia , which joins the Ponear Casale , and the Ticino , which serves as a boundary to Piedmont , and joins the Po at , Pavia . Both come down from the Alps and run parallel to each other . It was on the narrow tongue of land between the Sesiaand the Ticino and-the left bank of the Po that this short but decisive campaign passed . If a straight line lie drawn from Turin to Milan , it will out the Sesta at Vercelli , will touch Novara and Trecate between the two rivers , and

      will cat the Ticino at Buffalora . It was along this line that were stationed four out of the six divisions ot the army ot Charles Albert . The reserve was at Vercelli with the Duke of Savoy , one division at Novara , the head-quarters at Trecate , the Duke of Genoa at Buffalora , and the vanguard , having passed Buffalora , advanced to within five leagues of Milan , before Radetsky had made a single move . A fifth division , that of Ramorino , was destined to guard the course of the Ticino , and connected the main body of the army with the Durando division , which , following the left bank of the Po , watched Pavia , where Radetsky arrived on the 21 st with 5 , 000 men , and where he concentrated his troops . Radetsky , quitting Pavia , ascended the course of the Ticino as far as Vidgevano , where he found himself in face of Ramorino ' s division , and where he crossed the

      river with the whole of his array . Driving all before him by the immense majority of his forces , he compelled Ramorino's division to fall beck upon the main body of the Piedmontese army , and Durando ' s division on the left towards , and perhaps beyond , the Po . He advanced without opposition as far as Mortara , where on the 23 d he found himself in front of Vercelli—that is to say , face to face with the reserve of the Piedmontese army . By this bold march , Radetsky not only dispersed one Piedmontese division , and completely isolated adother division , but found himself nearer Turin than Charles Albert , while Charles Albert was nearer than he to Milan . His army remained intact , while that of Charles Albert was weakened by one-third . If Charles Albert went jn pursuit of Radetsky to give him battle between Milan and P & via . with the Ticino

      behind him , it would be a perilous undertaking ; one defeat would have involved the extermination of the Piedmontese array ; if Charles Albert had continued his march upon Milan , and left open the road to Turin , this would have been to give up his reserve , his reinforcements , all his resources , his king , dom itself . Therefore , the Piedmontese army sud denly retrograded along the road by which he had advanced , returned from Magenta to Buffalora , from Buffalora to Trecate , from Trecate to Novara , to which the head-quarters were brought back on the 23 d . It appears that on the 23 d the Duke of Savoy marched from Vercelli upon Mortara , to try to drive the Austrians back , and give to the main body of the army time to move between Novara and Vercelli . In spite of the courage of the Piedmontese , in spite of the heoric valour of the Duke of Savoy , who had his

      clothes perforated hy seventeen bullets , such an engagement between forces so disproportioned could not have any other result than what has ensued . On the following day , the 21 th , Radetsky left Mortara to place himself between Vercelli and Novara . He met the Piedmontese army , and then took place the battle , the disastrous issue of which has been made known . The Piedmontese army was beaten back towards Borgo-Manero and Bielle—that is to say , towards the sources of the Sesta . Radetsky occupied Novara , Vercelli , and Trino—that is to say , he marched direct towards Turin . The diplomatic corps went out to meet him at Chivasso to require an armistice . Thirty leagues of country and a victorious army now separate the fragments of the Piedmontese forces . This is enough to prove that the campaign is at an end .

      The following is from the correspondence of the Daily News : — Turin , March 25 . —I have the painful task of announcing to you the loss of the liberal cause in Italy , for such must be the consequence of the event known here only this day . * The ministers here have at length acknowledged that for several days past their communications with the head quarters of the army have been interrupted . Annexed yon will see the official bulletin , No . 9 , published this day ;—

      'News of the War . —Not by letters , but by trustworthy messengers , we learn that oh the 23 rd ins ! ., at eleven a . m ., a great battle was fought before Novarra and in its neighbourhood . The fight ilasted most obstinately till' night . The king , bis I sons , and the army , gave proofs of extraordinary ' . valour ; but , towards night , the superior , numbers : of men and cannon on the side of the enemy prevailed . Our troops were unfortunately obliged to ' retreat , and in the morning of the 24 th left Novarra , jgoing in the direction of Borgomanero .- ; Great was ithe loss , both on our side and oh that of the enemy . ; It is hot known where the head-quarters are at present . The messengers sent yesterday and last night jhave not yet returned ; other messengers ' have been expedited this morning . We hope soon to . receive fresh information , and Gpd grant it may be of a less disastrous purport . Citizens , the wesent

      France. The Trial Of The Republican Chie...

      moment is supreme . Continue to give proofs of S n e and Lotion for jour country and for our & institutions . The government ^ fee h eravity of the duties incumbent on it . and with . the aid of the generous national guards it will know how to fulfil them . . The Minister of the Interior , Ratazzi . ' Tew , March 26 . _ To . day the city is calmer TheUMnuemmt

      than To t last few days . , Sough not official ) of the departure of the Hon W . Ahercroraby forthe head-quarters of Marshal Radettky and that of Baron Margnerita , the syndic of T Si and that a truce of 48 hours , and an armistice of a week have been-the former certainly , and the latter probably-granted , has tranquil Used the inhabitants to a certain extent , and at least allaved the fears entertained of a sudden irruption into the town of the Croats , whose very name

      inspires terror . , An ofBckl statement ot the events of the present abort and disastrous campaign has just been published here , signed Ratazz ) , Minister of the Interior , dated Turin , March 26 , It begins thus- ' From the head-quarters of the army , whence no news had baen received for several days past , we have received to-clay the toWwnni ' . —' the 23 rd inst ., a pitched battle was fought ; the . troops were tired with long marches aud countermarches , performed on the wo preceding days , but . the battle could not be deferred , as the enemy came on to the assault . The line of battle extended from Bicesca , a small hamlet , or rather group of buildings , situated on the road to Mortara , as far as the canal lying a little behind the small country-house called Corta Nuova , on t be Vercelli road . ..

      Tiie document goes on to describe the position of the different corps of the army . The 1 st Division , commanded by Gen Durando , forming the right wing . The 2 nd Division was next composed of the brigades of Casale , Aquiand , the Parmenese ( Casale , where the first brigade was formed , lies but few miles from ibje'field . ) The 3 rd Division , composed of the Savona and Savoy brigades , was commanded by Gen . Perrone . The Savoy regiments behaved best throughout the successive engagements . The King himself was at the head of the first , with the rank of colsneL ' tHe Duke of Genoa was behind , commanding the reserve division . The document then continues .-The Duke of Savoy supported the right wing with the brigades of Cuneo and that of the uuarda . He was at a short distance from VercellC on the low p lains that extend beneath its walls , and thence , to the roads . At eleven , a . m ., the

      Austrians began the attack at La Bicoser—our extreme left—the engagement began at this point and soon extended all along the line . The Savona regiment , placed in the first line , gave way , and the brigade of Savoy advanced to replace it . Soon these two brigades together re-took the last position , and advanced as far as the country-house called ' Lavinchi , on the left of the old buildings called ' La Citadella . ' At this moment the fire of the Austrians seemed to slacken on our left , and it appeared that they directed all their efforts upon our centre at La Citadella , which was taken and re-taken several times by the brigades of the Casale , Aqui , and the Parmanese , commanded by Gen . Bes . fiere the assault of the enemy was felt strongest on our left .

      The brigades of Savoy and Savona commenced to give way , falling back upon La Bicesca . This last position was soon lost , and with it the fortune of the day . The Duke of Genoa , with the reserve , was sent to support it , but , though he fought most Jbravely , had several boVses killed under him , and was obliged to continue the" fight on foot , all his efforts were fruitless . ' The . Adstrians then brought all their forces to bear on'jciu ' r centre . The action was hottest on our rightand centre , but our battalions falling , back one on the other , towards night we were obliged to retreat / - 'Tbe day was lost for us . The centre and righ ^ . wing re-forming under the walls of the city , continued to resist till night put a stop to the attacks of the . enemy .

      March 27 . —TheDnkeof Savoy , the eldest son of Charles Albert was yesterday proclaimed here under the name of Victor Emanuel , and the troops in garrison took the oath of fealty in the presence of the Prince of Carignan , Lieutenant-General of the kingdom , as will also the national guard . Probably the King himself will be present at this solemn but ( under existing circumstances ) sorrowful ceremony . His Majesty arrived here last night late , and was saluted by numerous vivas' on his alighting at the palace , where a crowd awaited his arrival notwith . standing the lateness of the hour ( half-past twelve ) . The English and French ambassadors came back with him from the camp of Radetsky .

      An armistice has been agreed on lor an indefinite period , till a treaty of peace between Piedmont and Austria can be arranged . Meanwhile the former is to pay a contribution of 100 millions of francs ( four millions sterling ) , and to place Alexandria in the hands of the Austrians as a guarantee for the payment and the observance of peace . Notice has been published this morning of the sale of considerable extent ol forest land belonging to the crown , with a view , of course , to replenish the exhausted treasury of the ex-King , which his successor must have found empt y-On the 27 th the new ministry entered on its functions . It is thus composed : M . M . deDelaunay , Foreign Affairs ; Pinelli , Interior ; Cristiani , Justice ; Nigra , Finances ; Mamelli , Public Works ; La Bormida ; War and Marine .

      Among the generals and other officers killed around Charles Albert and bis sons , were Generals Durando and Fassalaqua , and General Duperron , a French officer , who commanded at Lyons under Louis Philippe . . The l ast was mortally wounded , and died at Novarra , whither his wife went to him , passing through the midst of the Austrians . The new King of Sardinia , Victor Emanuel , was born in . 1820 . In 1842 he married the daughter of the Archduke Reynier , the former Viceroy of Milan , who had himself married the sister of Chailes Albert . Thus the new King is cousin-german to the ex-Emperor Ferdinand , first and second cousin to the present Emperor Francis Joseph . A Turin letter . of the 26 th , in the National , says — The army hasjjbeen completely beaten , thanks to

      the defection and cowardice of several regiments , who refused to take part in the battle , With a certain party this war was unpopular , and this party reckoned among its most ardent members several officers of the army . This influence has borne its fruits , and it must be allowed that at the hottest moment of the fight the sauve qui pent was general with these regiments . It must at the same time be acknowledged that the troops which did engage with the Austrians performed prodigies of valour . ' The brigades of Savoy , Aoste , and Pignerole , the mountaineers , in fact , were sublime in courage and energy . These unfortunate soldiers were decimated in contending against four times their number . Four generals and three colonels were left dead on the field .

      It is reported that General Cbrzanowsky has committed suicide by blowing out his brains . Armistice between the Piedmontese and Austrians . — Extraordinary Scenk in the Chamber at Turin . — The following is a report of the sitting of the Sardinian Chamber of Deputies , which met on the night of the 27 th ult ,, at which the new ministers were present : —M . Bunico , Vice-president , read a letter from General Ramorino ,

      complaining of having been unconstitutionally arrested by the national guard of Arona . As a member oi the chamber he claimed the benefit of his inviolability . The Minister of the Interior , M . Pinelli , next communicated to the assembly the following document - . « Armistice concluded between his Majesty the King of Sardinia Victor Emanuel , aud Field-Marshal Radetsky , on the 26 th March , after the abdication of Charles Albert :

      = * . The King of Sardinia gives a solemn and positive assurance that he will conclude , as far as it may be consistent with his . honour , a treaty of peace on the following bases . Article 1 . The King ot Sardinia shah disband ten military corps , composed of Hungarians , Poles , and Lombards , bis majesty being at liberty to retain in his service any officer of those corps he pleases . Article 2 . Count Radetsk y shall apply to his majesty the emperor to grant an entire amnesty to the Hungarian , Polish , and Lombard soldiers , subjects of his imperial majesty : Article 3 . The King of Sardinia , allows 18 , 000 infantry and 2 , 000 cavahy to occupy the territory comprised

      between the Po , the Ticino , and Sesia , and one-half of the garrison of the fortress of Alexandria is to be formed of Austrian troops . ( Loud murmurs in the Assembly and the public galleries . The president threatened to clear the latter , and M . Pinelli was enabled to continue . ) That occupation shall nowise interfere with the civil and judiciary adminutration of the province of Novara . 3 , 000 Austrians shall compose one half of the garrison of the city and citadel of Alexandria , and as many Piedmontese soldiers the other half . The Austrians are to have a free communication between Alexandria and Lomelline , through Valenza . A mixed military committee shall be appointed to provide for the

      France. The Trial Of The Republican Chie...

      maintenance of the . Austrian , troops . The Sardinian troops shall evacuate the dHchies of "Modena , Piacenza ; and Tuscany , that is , the territories which , previous to the war , did not belong to Piedmont . Article 4 . It being impossible for one-half of the Austrian garrison of Alexandria to reach , before three or four days , their admission into the fortress shall be guaranteed by the Sardinian government . Article 5 . The Sardinian fleet shall quit the Adriatic , with all the steamers , within a delay of fifteen days , and the Piedmontese , now at Venice , shall be ordered back to their own country within the same delay . Article 6 . King Victor Emanuel promises to conclude a prompt and durable peace , i Austrian troobs .

      Sarand to . reduce the army to the former peace standing . Article ? . The King of Sardinia regards inviolable all the conditions above stipulated . Article 8 . Both parties shall send plenipotentiaries to whatever city may be fixed , for the conclusion of a definite treaty ol peace . Article 9 . The peace shall be concluded independently of the stipulations of the present armistice ^ Article 10 . It peace was not concluded , the cessation oi the armistice shall he announced ten days previous to Ok resumption ot hostilities . Article 11 . All prisoners of war shall be immediately returned by both parties . Article 12 . All the-Austrians , who have already crossed the Sesia , shall re-enter the above-ment \ onea \\ Tu \ Vs ( Signed ) Cbrzanowsky . Radetskv .

      A long agitation followed this communication , and in the public galleries , cries of 'Down with the ministry' were uttered . —M . Piazza said that this armistice was of a p iece with that of Solasco ; and as respected the paragraph relative to the duchies , he formally protested against it , as representative of the duchy Of Piacenza . —M . Lanaz denounced the armistice-as the most humiliating act , and the conditions as the most dishonourable ever imposed on Italy , even in the days of her former bondage . It was an intolerable infamy—a shameful capitulation . The government canld not constitutionally undertake to pay the expenses ot maintaining the Austrian garrison of Alexandria . That premature and

      impolitic armistice had compromised everything , even the retreat on the Appenines , the defence of Genoa , and the junction with Tusij ^ y , Tue chamber could not accept that infamous armistice ; the cabinet who presumed to ratify it should be impeached . ( Applause . )—M . Tosti said he hoped that the traitor who recommended the armistice was hot an Italian . He moved that the Chamber should sit permanently , aud contrive means of obtaining positive intelligence from the seat of war . —M . Lanza tben proposed that the assembly should declare the armistice unconstitutional , and that the government who executed it should violate the fundamental compact . —M . Pinelli invited the chamber not to vote too hastily

      sueh resolutions , and to wait until the facts were better known , for fear of exposing the country to complete ruin . ' The terms of the armistice besides , ' exclaimed the ministers , ' are not of such a nature as to make us despair of the resurrection of Italy . ' ( Murmurs . ) The resolution moved by M . Lanza was then put from the chair and carried . —M . Tosti next proposed—1 st . That the chamber should declare itself en permanence ; 2 d , that the ministry be invited to procure all the information possible on the real state of affairs ; and 3 d , that the chamber should send a deputation to the king to acquaint him with the sentiments of the assembly ; and know his royal intentions . The first and third paragraphs of

      the proposition were alone adopted , The assembly subsequently concurred in another resolution of M . Meltona to the following effect : —* The chamber , being unwilling to sacrifice the honour of the nation , invites the government to concentrate all our forces under the walls of Alexandria , and , after proclaiming the country in danger , to call t 3 Genoa all the able-bodied men capable of bearing arms . The assembly likewise voted the following resolution , M . Ravina moved : — ' Should the ministry permit the Austrian forces to enter the citadel of Alexandria previous to the approval of the armistice by parliament , or recal the Sardinian fleet from the Adriatic , it will he guilty of high treason . ' The chamber afterwards adjourned .

      Insurrection at Brescia . — Accounts from Lombardy state that an insurrection broke out at Brescia on the 23 rd ult ., owing to the arrival of refugee Lombards from Switzerland . The governor of the citadel was made prisoner , and the officers who accompanied him shot , During the 23 rd aud 24 th the fire of musketry and cannon resounded in the streets of Brescia . The Austrian garrison still occupy the citadel . REPORTED dissolution of the piedmontese

      chamber of dkputies . ( From the Paris correspondent of the Times . ) Paris , Monday—Considerable alarm for the maintenance of peace was felt in Pan s during the early part of this day , in consequence of the very hostile attitude assumed by the Chamber of Deputies of Turin . Fortunately these fears have been allayed by the receipt of a telegraphic despatch , announcing ( as in fact had been anticipated ) that the Chamber of Deputies had been dissolved by the King . NAPLES AND SICILY . —The following describes the state of things in Palermo ( Sicily ) up to the 17 th ult . : —

      Words fail us , and our emotion is so ^ great that we cannot describe what we have seen and observed , and taken part in . The country is in danger . The country has sent forth an appeal to her children to defend her . What have you witnessed ? Princes , dukes , barons , counts , ministers , judges , priests , monks , soldiers of the National Guard , women , children , the old and the halt , all assembled in the Piazza della Vittoria with spades , pickaxes , hammers , and every kind of instrument of maiming . And why was this prodigious number of people there assembled ? To make fosses , barricades , forts , mines . Every one runs , every one flies to devote himself to bis country ; nor is there any distinction

      of noble or plebeian , young or old , woman or man . Every one gives his work—his arm , his heart—his substance . Assembled yesterday morning , at six o ' clock , in the Piazza della Vittoria , this prodigious number of people , amounting to more than 30 , 000 , and furnished with every instrument of masonry , walking through the Toledo in the most perfect order , divided in companies and battalions , carrying at the head of each its banner , borne either by the ministers of the altar or by citizens with musical bands . And here hon is it possible to describe the emotion of the people , the acclamations of the women , and of those who thronged together in the balconies ? A general « evviva ! resounded every .

      ' where , intermingled with repeated imprecations on the tyrant ; and these sons of iEtna , in their enthusiasm for the salvation of their country , marched to the place poMed out to them by the engineers for the construction of defences . We cannot describe the imposing scenes which took place in the evening . The return of labour showed the true spirit of the Sicilian people . The women marched to ths sound of musical instturaents , the men of all classes followed , singing the tremendous hymn ' Delle pelle del Borboneil tamburo dobliara formar ' ( of the skin of the Bourbon will we make our

      drum ) , until they arrived beneath the windows of the Miuister of Foreign Affairs , when Ruggiero Settimo , the idol of Sicily , spoke patriotic words to the people . In the evening there was a general illumination ; and thus finished this greatest of de . monstrations—thus Palermo responded to the ultimatum ot the infamous Ferdinand of Naples—of that Ferdinand ffho was not the legitimate sovereign of Sicily , by virtue of the 104 th article of the treaty of Vienna ; but possessed of the simple title only , as of Jerusalem . We await the moment of the rupture of the armistice , to make a slaughter of the Neapolitans—ouf only example to tyrants . '

      At Naples the . Government has re-instituted a reign of terror . A number of the deputies of the late Assetnbly have , been arrested . Arrests of other parties to a considerable extent had also been made . Some reports carried their number to 12 , 000 in the capital and provinces . In the provinces thirty-four judges had been displaced . The Neapolitan army is said to be averse to the war with Sicily , and numerous desertions have taken place . The Calabrias are stated to be in open revolt . On the 20 th ult . the Sicilian government published the following proclamation : —

      4 Sicilians ! The shout of war to you is a cry of delight . The day of the 29 th of March , on which hostilities with the despot of Naples are to recommence , will be hailed with the same welcome as that of the 12 th January , and with good reason , became liberty can only be gained by the price of blood . The peace which you were offered was i gnominious ! It destroyed at one blow every interest creatPd by ths Revolution . You have won the admiration A

      a ! Europe ; but if you had been more forgetful of your rights , and had again submitted to the lying despotism of a tyrant , what would that world have said ? Sicilians ! even though victorv be not certain , when honour is at stake , a nation | ufo an individual , has the superior right to immolate itself . Better will it be to be consumed in the flaming ruins of our country than to exhibit to Europe the spectacle of vile cowardice . Death is preferable to slavery . iJut , no ; we shall conquer—we confide in the sa-

      France. The Trial Of The Republican Chie...

      cred naturt of our cause and m the ardour of our souls . " 'Look there . See the flaming desolation of Messina . War , then , is for us the symbol of ven . geance and of love . One city of Sicily alone groan uader the yoke of the enemy of liberty . To arms to arms 1 Then , there , we must conquer or die . ( Signed ) Ruggiero Settinio , ' Princesse di Bcffera , « Vincenzo di Marco , * Vincenzo Ebranti , ' PARGUTtr Calvt , * Ga ' etano Catalano , ' Mariano Stabile . ' Palermo , March 20 , 1849 . ' Icred nature our cause and the ardour out

      OFFICIAL ANNOUNCEMENT OF THE BLOCKADE OF SICILY . Paris , Wednesday . —The Moniteur contains the following notice : — ' The Minister of Agriculture and Commerce has addressed the following circular , dated the 3 d oi Apr )] to the Chambers of Commerce of our principal ports ;—' The government of the Tiro Sicilies has notified to the Minuter © f the Republic at Naples , that the Gulf of Palermo has been placed in a state of siege and blockade by the naval forces o f his Sicilian Majesty . This blockade \ vtt \ he pu \ , in execution from the first day of the present month . M . de Rayneval has been at the same time informed that the Neapolitan cruisers have received orders to watch all the coasts of Sicily , in order to prevent absolutely the introduction of arms and all matters fit for war . ''

      SECRET TREATY BETWEEN AUSTRIA AND RUSSIA . It is said that a copy of a Secret Treaty between Austria and Russia has been discovered by the French Government . The alleged treaty binds , it is said , these two Powers to make united head against the revolutionary movements in Southern Europe .

      BELGIUM . We must warn our readers not to be hasty in crediting every word of the following , which we take from the ' Morning Chronicle ' : — ' A conspiracy has been discovered at Brussels . The chief of the plot is a man namad Teyder , and it appears that it was at Arras that he recruited his principal , accomplices , and prepared his revolutionary plan . The plot was to have broken out ou Sunday or Monday and coincide with an expected movement in Paris . Feyder and thirty of his accomplices were arrested , and important papers have been seized . The conspirators intended to put out the gas , pillage and burn the ministerial hotels , and in the confusion thereby created proclaim a provisional Republican government . '

      UNITED STATES . By the New World , Captain Knight , which arrived at Liverpool on Tuesday , we have New York papers to the 10 th ult . The most remarkable feature of these papers is a letter from Henry Clay , on thesubject of negro emancipation in Kentucky . He declares unequivocally that the time has come when a beginning must be made with a view to abolish negro slavery in the state . He proposes a plan by which he thinks this may bs safely accomplished . INDIA .

      DEFEAT OF THE SIKH ARMY . The mail Of the 4 th of March from Bombay brings intelligence from the theatre of war in the Punjab to the 21 st of February , on which day a battle was fought by the united forces of Lord Gnugh and General Whish , which ended in the complete rout of the Sikh army . Of tins victory , however , no details have arrived by this mail , as the despatches of the Commander-in-Chief had not reached Bombay when the steamer left . The proceedings of Lord Gough up to the 10 th of February , were chiefly confined to the defence of the position which the British army occupied at

      Chillianwallah . The Sikh forces , having received some addition to their numbers by the junction of Chuttur Singh , the father of their leader , Shere Singh , took up positions to the right of Lord Gough ' s camp , as if with an intention of outflanking the British . This movement led to the supposition that the Sikhs contemplated au attack ; but nothing of the kind took place . The enemy caused a good deal of annoyance to the grass-cutters and campfollowers ; but no serious encounter took place , for Lord Gough persisted in his plan of waiting forthe arrival of the Bengal division under General Whish , and of the Bombay column commanded by Brigadier Dundas .

      During several days from the 6 th to the 12 th of February , various skirmishes took place , but no serious encounter , as the British general continued to act on the defensive . Provisions were abundant in the British camp . On the Utk , the Sikiis advanced to a village near the British camp , as if to bring on an engagement , and the whole line was turned out , but no fight took place . The Sikhs plundered the outward and inward mails from the camp . A proclamation was published bv Sir Henry

      Lawrence , in the name of Dhuleep Singh , the young Maharajah of Lahore , which promised forgiveness for the past to all those who should retire to their homes , and threatened condign punishment to ag who persisted in the rebellion . On the 12 th , the Sikhs , who during the late feigned attacks on Lord Gough ' s camp had found means to remove their heavy guns from their intrenchments at Russool , drew up their cavalry at the village of Coira , and under its cover struck their tents , and marched towards Goojerat .

      On the 16 th Lord Gough marched from Supooree to Sudalpoor , a village about five miles from the Chenab ; while General Whish constructed a bridge of boats over the Chenab at Ilurreke Puttam , which facilitated his movement to join the Commanderin-Chief . On the ISth , the troops were hastened towards the point at which they wore to concentrate . The Bombay column , under Brigadier Dundas , arrived at Rumnnggur , and on the 10 th marched to join Lord Gough .

      On the 20 th , the last preparations were made for the conflict , and on the 21 st , Lord Gough attacked Sliere Singh in his position near Goojerat , defeated him on all points , and routed the Sikh army . Shere Singh fled , leaving a great portion of his guns and of his ammunition , as well as his standing camp , in possession of the victors , who were engaged in the pursuit of the dispersed Sikhs when the intelligence left . The news of this victory reached Bombay by express late at night of the 3 rd of March , and a Koval s ? . lute was fired in its hoaouu on the 11 th , at one o clock in the afternoon .

      Ad00208

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  • Citation
    • Northern Star (1837-1852), April 7, 1849, page 2, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse.ac.uk/periodicals/ns/issues/ns2_07041849/page/2/