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Northern Star (1837-1852), 8th April 1848, Edition 2 of 4, Page 4

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    • FOR THE WORKING MILLIONS. A HOME FOR EVERY INDUSTRIOUS MAN AND HIS FAMILY,
    • THE NORTHERN STAR, SATDBDAY, APRIL 8, 1818.
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      The Northern Star. April 8, 1848.

      THE NORTHERN STAR . April 8 , 1848 .

      Wednesday, April 6. F House Of Commons.—...

      WEDNESDAY , April 6 . f HOUSE OF COMMONS . — Outgoing Tekasts i lead ) Bill . Xhs adjourned debate on this DiU was i « = TO wh « objected to *' " %£ ? $ was in reality and substance a *« r » a ! Samptlon and nothing else . It proceeded on Ae fole a- P that all the landlords in IrelanI were bad tenants virtuous an ^ J- ££ . * that country . ^ m * Z ^ £ ^? £ S £ tttt ^ £ ^^\ r ? z ^ rpiuSrasrw ^ i £ * industry energy ^ improveajnoa y

      o « n , , Mr J . O'Conkell considered some such W *>» « that proposed by Mr S . Crawford essential to the safety „ d prosperity of tbe people in . very ««» " £ " *" of 1 / d . nd Whatever nwaificatim m « ht he proposed S to Wfl in committee he hoped t ^ o o ^ c would ba « ff , » d to IJ ^^^; imm 2 u and & T tbe h 0 " -L * fThe inhabitants of the aonth , vicious propensities of »• " ; QcUnea-to disorder whom he supposed to be n 3 ;™ ' td gentleman and disaffection ; W ^ ££ Z ** ' «• not men " of THirter were licensed to commit any outrage they pleased . ( Cries of 'Oh , oh ) ct „ , n ? cstterm 9 * . « ry tron SCst terms

      ^ aW the t mfnt of the hon . member for Limerick city that the Orangemen were licensed to comm . t any ont . 1 ; He waf not surprised at the soreness eah , b . ted bvthe hon- mtmbsr towards the Orangemen , far thry £ d , W . " l ^ - nantJy repudiated every off . r made by tteEepeMp ' rty ' . and the house might ba glad to know £ there : Sr . 100 . 000 Orangemen in thenar h of Ire land rcaov to stand forth at any moment when called n ? on in d ^ ce of order , and to crush ^ 1—us off-nriM Of the ajitltion led by ttw boa . member . lord Oastlo taqb was very unwilHng to vote B * au » t thi , ML because he saw reason to object to some , ofUs clause .. ' He should be glad to see it sent to a com"XTSSi wished it to be understood that in « Xr a gainst this bill he voted against tenant right altogether . Mr Feaeoto O'Cossob , in apolyins himself to the

      merits cf the bill , mid there were those who thought tenant-right of paramount importance to a repeal ofthe union . He was not of that opinion , but he quite * p . proved of the conduct of those who , entertaining any opinion whatever with respect to the people oflreland , expressed that opinion openly . The true way to deal with the prple of Ireland was to be perfectly frank . - r 7 ithrfsf . ee * . in the first place , to tl > e manner in which flieprtMuial ^ ussion had been carried on , he must not only express his strong dissent from the sentiments which the he-use had heard from the hon . member for Limerick . 1 'r . t he must also take the liberty of saving that tha speech of the hon . and learned member for the TJniversitv of Dublin contributed little to assist the house in arriving at a sound conclusion . That hon . and learnea gentleman jumbled up the measure of the hon . member for Rochdale with that of the Chief Secretary to theLori-L ^ eatenantof Ireland ; it was , therefore , scarcely

      necessary for him to do more than call their alien , tion to that circumstance , as of itself , it seemed to him , euEcretit to neutralise the entire effect of tho hon . ans learned gentleman's speech . Ho should venture to pu one or two cases which might be urged in th ? nature ef a replr to the hon . member , ifr in fact it cnuld be said that any formal reply were needed . He would say , sup . pose th'it a tenant had taken land- at 10 s . an acre for twen * y years—suppose that within that period he had so greatly toprovel the land , that at the end of his term it was worth £ 1 Ifls . an acre ; it became quite evident thai

      he had by his improvements augmented the value of the landlord ' s estate to the estcnt of £ i 00 ., and yet the land , lord eo'ild , if he theught proper , oust him from the soil which be had thus greatly improved . The causes of this state - "f things were to he found in a very obvious historical trurh , —! hst tha laws which r .-guteted relatioss betvresn tbeorrner and the occupier < f the soil had all bsen niseis by the landlords , and they toot a very different view of tho subj ; ct from tbat which pressnted itself to the mind of a tenant . The result of their law . making ^ -as tbis , that if a tenant , by m .-ana of his capital and his skill , obtained a profit of £ 100 a year from a farm that had bs & n originally worth £ 10 , the remaining £ 9-3 though it ought to bslosg to him , conld never under the old feudal system

      become his ; according to that , the landlord was entitled not only to take advantage cf every fortuitous event , but of every exertion of industry or application of capital . Hs hope ? ths hou ? e wonldnot allow themselves to ba too much csnitid away by the speech of tbe hon , and learned membir for the University of Dublin ; it was a speech fail of sophisms ; ¥ nt in cue respect , at least , the hon . ana learned gentlemr . n could not be accused of any intention to lead the houvs astray ; because it could not but be obvious that : h = hon . and learned member had mistaken csuse for effect . As he understood tbe hoa . and learned gentleman , he objected te the bill because tho tenant-at-Will was supposed by it to have a vest * d light . But the bill of the ban . member for Rochdale provided for

      that , and tlu-ra was no one interest that would be violated by his measure . What was the preat grievance in the south of Ireland ? It was this , that there wss no Tenant Right ; snch a state ofthe law offered a bounty npon idleness . Bat tbe hon , and learned member for the University of Dublin thought himself entitled to com . p'imeat the Irhh landlords . Pew persons would consider them entitled to any coinplim-nt trho knew the fact , that sixty-one laws for the benefit of landlords were passed in the reign of George III ., while only six laws of a similar description wsre passed for En / land . Such laws were unnecessary in England ; and he was as rea < 5 y as any man to bear testimony to the excellent spirit in which the English landlords administered the trust which society reposed in them . Tfcej required

      no law beyond the influence of public opinion to coerce them ; andhenca it was that tke objections to the present me- ? ure did not so much come from them as it did from the Irish landlords . Then the practice of squat , ting forrai . d one of the topics of the hon . and learned member's speccfe ; but for that practice , end to meet ths evils to which it gave rise , the measure before the hones made , as he conceived , ample provision ; but according to the hon . and learned member , there should be ao legislation at all en the subject , everything should bs left to the laws of nature ; yet ia the same breath he told tte house that in Down and Antrim theylwtre governed by the ancient laws and usspes in Ireland ; that tenants were prosperous and landlords no : tyrannical — a pretty good proof , by the way , that

      the Irish ouaht to be allowed to govern themselves ; and then from his argument it was not easy to discov-. r whethtr he thouglt that the existence of a yeomanry in tho north of Inland prcdueed those good results , or whether he thought that tha relations there subsisting between landlord and tenant had the 'Sect of producing a good yeomanry . In tbis instance , probably , the hon . and learned member , as he had done in other cases , confounded cause and effect . He would not , however , further waste the time of the house by discussing minute points . Ills hon . friend , the member for Rochdale , would net insist upon havicg the -bill , the whole bill , and nothing but the bill he , on the contrary , was willing to go into committee and calmly consider the several provisions of tho bill . In

      disposing of SECh a qnistion as the presmt , th « y should not forget that the Legislature bad frequentl y interfered with the existing relations between landlord and tenant , especially in Ireland . In the course of the discussion which led to those measures , the enormous abuses ofthe middlemen system were frequently referred to no abuse could be greater : but the hard treatment which the labiurer experienced at the han & sof the farmer wae also an evil of the highest magnitude— -for one tyrant in broadcloth , there were one thousand in friezs . The dary which he owed to his country and to tbat heuse , demanded of Mm that he should deprecate any attempt to trifle with tbe feelings ofthe people upon this subject . If the house thought any legislation m cessary , let them say so , —if not , let tbem say the contrary :

      but , let not tho Irish people be carried away by false expectations , —let them not he told that there was justice on tbeir side , and then be informed tbat ihe Leg islature lacked tha machinery for carryiag out . the sound prluctples which they ricogrsUed . They might talk as they pleased about difficulties with a bill of this Mad , tut they found no difficulty in bills for imposing taxes ; there was not one of the supposed difficulties about this bill wfeich could not at once bo easil y overcome ; undue or unfair modes of improvement might easily he prevented , and a board might ba established to declare how manyyeara' rent might be expended in improvements . Saving Commented somewhat fretlj

      upon the speech of the hon . and learned member for tbe University of Dublin , he should not say much raore oi the speeches of other Eemfors , but he could not help observing , that by the Epjech of the hoa . member lor Limerick , he had been shocked . disgusted , and horrified ; that hon . gentleman talked of the Irish members being Oppressed in that house by the English - but , to him , it appeared tbat the Kind of members sent to that heuse from Ireland were equally oppressive . He would conclude with this advice to the Irish landlords . He called en them to beware , and he would tell them that the most to i » e done was to be done by themselves . I ! was a weakness for them to be eternally coming to this

      house to assist them . Ireland was a country test might be mado a garden , if the landlords on ! y 6 ii tbeir duty . But they- were too proud , and disdained agricultural pursuits . ( ' No , no . ' J He was glad to hear that denial , but he knew that in his time they did ( a laugh ) , and he feared tbat what Sheridan said of the Irish was too true , that 'they were a poor an * proud people . ' Sir G . Gazx apposed tte bill . Every discussion on the subject ehowed more snd more conviscingly th difficulty of settling by legislation the relations betsveei ; landlord nnd tenant in Ireland . Ho coutroTcr : ed iht proposition that the difficulties had arisen from implementa thrown in the way of papula * legislation by Lisli lanilords in the house . The diSculty was inherent in

      Wednesday, April 6. F House Of Commons.—...

      the circumstances of the oate thenlaelveft . Ha agretd with the hon . member ( Mr P . O'Connor ) in his lsat observation , although inconsistent with some of the other remarks which that hon . member made to that house , that the real remedy for these evils was to be found , not in acts of Parliament , but in the parties themselves , —not merely in the landlords , but In the landlords and tenants conjoined , and in tbe mutual agreeme nts wbich their united interests might lead tbem to make . Ia reference to ejectments and the la < v of distress the legislature m'ght regulate tbe exercise of thi rights both ofthe landlords and of the teaants , and mig ht prevent to a certain extent acts of hardship and oppression ; hut if it attempted bylaw to make agreements between landlords and tenants which should apply to evory case , whatever the wishes of the parties might

      be , the task would be abiolutely impossible , and , if possible , the law would be evaded . ( Heur , hear . ) Tho hon . number ( Mr P . O'Connor ) had said a great deal about a tenant taking Ian 1 at 10 s . an acre , and improving it so as to make it worth 30 s . on acre , and had observed that the landlord in such cafe , without any expenditure oi capital , reaped the full benefit of tho tenant ' s exertions and industry . But . under those circams-anctB , tho real security of the tenaat was , before taking the land at 10 s . an acre capable of being im proved to 30 s . an acre , and before expending capital on the land , to stipulate with bis landlord for such fixity of tenure for a limited period as would reimburse him . ( Hear , hear ) No law could bo passed , in justice to all parties , which ciuld give such fixity of tenure as might be voluntarily agreed upon between landlord and tenant .

      When the landlords of IreUnd were spoken of as being the originators of all the evils cxistirg there with reference to the tenure of land , he thougbc it fair to state any exception — and he hop ? d the exception would become the rule — that might exist to such a gentr il assertion , and to shew tbat the principle of making as agreement mutually beneficial was acted upon by some of the beat landlords in that country . Since he had come into that house he had had put into bis hand an adver . tisemint in reference to the Queen ' s County , relative to ccrta ' n farms to let from the 25 th March , by Mr Price . These were the terms of the advertisement for letting several large farms belonging to Mr Fitrpatrlck and the Marquis of Lanpdownp , in the Queen ' s County —* Proposals in writing , or applications personally , be recei-ed and attended to by Mr John R Price

      , Wes . field-farm , Mountrath , who will be prepared to satisfy all reasonable tenants oa the und « fined and vexed questions of tenant-right and fixity of tenure ' by the only remedy calculated to remove the difficulty and to perpetuate a good uuderstsnding , between landlord and tenant ; that is , by providing the fixed capital required for all permanent improvements , on certain , just , and tquitable conlitiaus , to be previously agreed upon ; and by granting a substantial lease for twentyone or thirty-one years , oa the condition of the farm may require or suggest . —March 9 , 13 i 8 . ' If landlords offered such terms , calculated to improve the relation b tween them and their tenants , such a mode of proceeding would bcfi'Undmueh heller than anythin g else , and most productive of a sound fieling amongst the

      parties .. As to tho proposition that every tenant who fulfilled the conditions of ordinary Industrial occupation was to be entitled to compensation from the land , lord , over and above tbe profits which he might have realised from his outlay , it seemed quite preposterous . There were , of course , cises in wbich a tenant was equitably entitled to some consideration in this respect , on surrendering occupation—as , for isstance , where he had erected permanent farm buildings at his own cost . He shculd be quite ready , however , to refer this measure to the serious consideration of any committee up . Biairs to which the government measure might be submitted . ( Htar , hear . ) As to the statement that bands ofarraed orangemen were wandering about the north of Ireland , it was scarcely worth hia whllo to giro the statement a denial .

      Mr Faqah said that the English tenant was much better off than the Irish occupier of the land , notwithstanding afar greater proportion of the population of his country depended wholly on the cultiv . itian of tha soil . The bill of the hon . member for Rochdale was much wanted in order to restrain the cruel system of eviction that was pursued in Ireland , and he should give it his hearty support . Col . Biackwali said he should offer his decided opposition to the motion of the hou . meuib < . r for Rochdale . Mr P . ScaoPE was of opinion , speakinar as an English member , that the speedy settlement of the Tenant-Rinht question in Ireland was most essential to the tranquillity of the empire . The hon . member for Rochdale had , it seemed to him , brought ferward the measure before the house with the best possible motives , and also in

      accordance with the general sentiments of the agricultural classes In Ireland . The relations between landlord and tenant in that country called for tbo Immediate and most serious attention ofthe legislature ; ard in his opinion no permanent tranquillity could be looked for in Ireland until the tenant farmers of that country were placed on a more equitable footing than they had at present with regard to the landlords . A large number of the agricultural population of Ireland had declared their determination not to endure any longer the frightful evils inflicted on them b y the present defective system , nud perpetuated b y the defective state of the law . All the agrarian outrages which had prevailed in Ireland for so

      long a period could he distinctly traced to the insecurity of Tenant Right ; and it was generallv admitted by air writers on the social condition of Ireland , that the evils observable in that kingdom were solely attributable to the defective laws which regulated the relations between landlord and tenant . If the question was not settled satisfactorily by some such bill as the present , there would be a frightful scene of convulsion witnessed in Ireland , which t . ie landlords would have much more reason to d ; plore than they would to regret the concessions that tbe measure before tke house proposed to grant . He should , for the reasons he had stated , support the second reading .

      Col . Rawdon regretted the course the government had taken in regard to the bill before the house , which should have his support , subject to any modification tbat mijht be deemed necessary in the committee . Viv S . Crawford reiterated , his former arguments in favour of the bill , and declined to withdraw the measure upon the offer of the government to take it into consideration , in conjuHCtien with the Tenant Right bill , brought forward by the hon . baronet the member for Drogheda . He should persist , therefore , in dividing the house upon tbe second reading . The house then divided . For the second reading .. 22 Against it 145-123 After ths transaction of other business , the house adjourned at half-past five o ' clock .

      TI 1 TJRSDAY , April 6

      THE NATIONAL CONVENTION .-Mr F . O'Connor pres > nted a petition from forty-nine dele gates in National Convention assembled , and representing five millions of po . pie , praying for the liberation of Frost , Wi Ham ? , and Jones , _ The . IrroR . vEr Gesbralapprehended that thepetition could not be reci ived , inasmuch as it stated that it came from the ' National Convention . ' Mr F . O'Connor reminded the hon . and learned gentleman that similar petitions were allowed to be rec-ived under Sir Robert Peel's gove . nm « nt , and as a Coavention of 49 ddecates was roeo ^ nised by the law , he could nut see whatobj ' cti n there could be to tho reception o ? the petition . Tho Attorney-General was decidedly of opinion tbat the pet t on was nr .-t 1 gaily , wt-rJed , but he hoped the lion , i e . t m in would n tprfsutswcjpt ' on till hi had had time to look into the author . ' tii s upon the subject .

      Mr K O'Ccnkor said the rrquest of tbe hon . and learned gentleman , coming as it did from tbe fir-t law officer of the Crown founded very- much like a command , bnt as a matter of courtesy to the hon . and learned gentleman , he would r ot prrs ? it . The petition was accord n » ly withdrawn .

      CHARTIST DEMONSTRATION . — Sir J . Walsh wished to know , from the Right Hon . the Secretary of State for the Home Department , whether he had received any information with respect to a number of persons called Chartists , to meet at Kennington Common on Monday next , for the ostensible purpose of forming a numerous procession to move through the streets of the metropolis , and presenting a petition to this house in favour of what was called tbe six pointa of the Charter ; and if the government had had its attention called to these circumstances , were they prepared to take those measures which might be necessary to secure the independence of the house from being overawed by any meeting calculated te intimidate them , and likewise to aid in the protection of the peaceable and loyal people of London .

      Sir G . Grey said : I now hold in my hand a notice , which I believe was published yesterday , signed by three individuals , one of whom declares himself the secretary , I presume , of the Chartist Association , in wbich he states that a Convention , consisting of forty-nine delegates , will assemble in a particular place , upon a given day , and some following days , for tbe purpose of superintending the presentation of a petition to Parliament , and to advise the adoption of such other course as they may think fit for the purpose of securing the enactment of the People ' s Charter . A . great metropolitan demonstration will accompany the petition , and persons are invited to attend at KeHnington-common , where

      the route of the procession would be prescribed . The attention of the government having been called to this notice , and other information having reached me respecting the intended proceedings upon Monday next , the government have directed a notice to be issued , which they hope will be published in the course of half an hour , pointing out that , by the Statutes of the Common Law of these realms , such procession is illegal , and warning all loyal and peaceful subjects of her Majesty to abstain from taking any part in the proceedings , and to give their best aid in maintaining order and preventing any breach of the peace that may ensue . ( Loud cheers . ) ,

      Mr F . O'Connor said , that the course pursued by the government would be taking the people utterly by surprise . There were several precedents in favour of these processions . In the year 1831 a procession of 100 , 000 or 150 , 000 persons marched down to this house , and presented a petition in favour of the Reform Bill . In 1834 a procession of 100 , 000 also marched down to this housfe while it was sitting , and presented a petition in favour of the liberation of the Dorchester labourers , A large demonstration

      For The Working Millions. A Home For Every Industrious Man And His Family,

      FOR THE WORKING MILLIONS . A HOME FOR EVERY INDUSTRIOUS MAN AND HIS FAMILY ,

      Ad00410

      UNITED PATRIOTS' AND PATRIARCHS ' EQUITABLE LAND AND BUILDING BENEFIT SOCIETY , Enrolled and Empowered by Act of Parliament to extend over the United Kingdom . Patfons . —r . S . Dokcombe , Esq ., M . P . Thomas WAK « r , Esq ., M . P . B . B . Civmn , Esq ., M . P . London Office . —No . 13 , Tottenham Court , NBiv Road , St Pancras , London , —Daniel William Rorrt , Secretary . Arranged in Three Sections . Payments Jn < -Uhor Section , 4 d ., 8 d ,, is ., < fic ., < fcc , per Week , payable either Weekly or Monthly . No Subveiobb * , Si-ucitohs ' , or Ripimptiom Fees , Ihe present Entrance Fee is is . 6 d . per Snare , and 9 d . for any part of a Share . Rules aud Card , 7 d . Certificates , Is . per Share , and Gd . for any part of a Share . SICTION I . —By joining this section every persoi is town or country can become the proprietor of tt HOUBC and Land in his ovra neighbourhood , without being removed from his Friends , connexions , or the prtfltnt means himself and family may have of gaining a livelihood . Section II . —To raise n capital by sfcarea to purchase Estates , erect Dwellings thereon , and [ divide the iand Into allotments from half an acre upwards , the property to be tbe bona fide freehold of the member in Bilteen , eighteen , or twenty years from the date of location , according to his subscriptions . SiciioN III . —Saving or Depeait section , in which members not wishing to purchase are enabled to inrest amallBums , from 4 d . upwards , receiving interest at Iterate ef 5 percent , ptr annum , on every sum of 10 s . and upwards bo deposited . Subscription Office , —432 , New Oxfobd . Street , where Meetings ore held , and Members enrolled , every Widnssdat Evening , from Eight to Ten o ' clock . Lecture Ball , for explaining the principles and objects of the Society , The PARTHENiriH Rooms , St . Martia ' s . lane , near the corner of Long Acre . Lectures delivered every Sunday evening at Seven o ' clock . ALSO , FOR THE WORKING MILLIONS IN CONNEXION WITH THE ABOVE , THE UNITED PATRIOTS * AND PATRIARCHS * BENEFIT SOCIETIES , Enrolled pursuant to Act of Parliament , Thus securing to its numbers tbe protection of the law for their funds and property . Legalised to extend over the United Kingdom , wi ; h the privilege of appointing Medical Attendants , Ageats , & c . An opportunity is now offered to healthy persons , up te Forty Years of Age , of joining these flourishing Institutions in town er coantry . London Office . —13 , Tottenham Court , New Risd , St , Pancras , ( thirteenth house eastward from Teltiabam Coun-road ) . —Daniel William Rum , Secretary , Patrons . —T . S . Ddkcombb , Esq ., M . P . T . Wjjklkt , Esq ., M . P . B . B . Cabbll , Esq , M . P . F . O'CoHBoit , Esq ., M . P . L . J . Haub ^ ed , Esq . In the short space of feur years these societies ha » e paid the following benefits to their members . SUMMARY OP CLA . IH 3 . Sickness and Superannuation .,,, ... , „ , £ 1005 10 S Accouebmenta ... ... ... . . ... ' ... eD 3 15 0 Funerals ... ... .. ; '' ... ' ^ ... igg js I Loss by Fire ... ... ... " ¦ ... ¦ ... 29 S 0 " ' ' aim * £ 3125 8 G Present Capital funded In the Bank of England ... £ 1009 10 0 These Societies are in six divisions or atctioni , for the Members to receive the following Benefits according to their Subscriptions : — FIRST DIVISION . | FOURTH DIVISION . Entrance according to age , from lis . to 10 s . Monthly Con- Entrance , according to ajre , from 3 s . 6 d . to 8 s . 6 d , tribntion for Sickness and Management , Qs . 7 d . Monthly Contribution for Siekncsa and Management . Is . 4 d . £ b . d . * Allowance , in Sickness , per / veek .. .. 0 18 0 £ s . d . Member ' s Funeral .. .. .. ,. jo 06 Allowance in Sickness , per week .. .. 0 9 0 Ditto Wife ' s or Nominee s ditto .. .. 10 0 0 Member ' s Funeral .. 10 0 0 Wife ' s Lying-in 2 0 0 Ditto Wife ' s or Nominee ' s ditto .. .. 5 0 0 Loss by Fire , from .. .. jg 5 0 O to 20 0 0 Wife's Lying-in .. .. .. ; . 1 0 0 Superannuation , per week .. ., .. 0 6 0 Loss by Pire , from .. .. £ 5 0 0 to 10 0 0 SECOND DIVISION . Superannuation , per week .. .. .. 0 4 0 Entrance , according to nge , from 4 s . 6 d to 9 s . 6 d . FIFTH DIVISION . Monthly ., Contribution for Sickness and Management , Entrance , according to nge , from 3 s to 8 s . Monthly Con . 2 s . Id . tribution for Sickness and Management , is . Id . Allowance in Sickness , per week .. .. 0 15 0 Allowance in Sickness , per week .. .. 0 7 0 Member ' s Funeral .. .. .. IS 0 0 Member ' s Funeral .. .. .. .. -6 0 0 Ditto Wife ' s or Nominee ' s ditto .. .. 18 0 0 Ditto Wife ' s or Nominee ' s ditto .. .. 8 0 0 Wife ' s Lying-in .. ... . .. 115 d Wife ' s Lying-in .. .. .. .. o 15 0 Loss by Fire , from .. .. £ 5 0 0 to 15 0 0 Loss by Fire .. .. .. .. 500 Superinnuation , per week 0 5 0 Superannuation , pas ? week 0 4 0 THIRD DIVISION . SIXTH DIVISION . Entrance , according to age , from 4 s . to 9 s , Monthly Coa- Entrance Money .. .. .. .. 030 tribution for Sickness and Management , Is . 7 d . Monthly Contribution .. .. .. o I 0 Allowance in Sieknofs , per week .. .. 0 11 0 Allowance In Sickness .. ,. ., 0 7 0 Member ' s Funeral .. .. ,. .. 12 0 0 Member ' s Funeral .. .. .. 2 10 0 Ditto Wife ' s or Nominee's ditto .. .. 6 0 0 Wife's Lying-in 1 10 0 No levies in tbis Division , Loss by Fire , from .. .. £ 5 0 0 to 10 0 0 Superannuation , per week .. .. .. 0 4 0 Levies according to the demands on each division per quarter . N . B , —Tho only difference in the two Societies is , the Patriots have an Accouchmtnt benefit , the Patriarchs have not that benefit , therefore do not pny levies for it , $£ > Applications for Agencies requested from all piirls of the country ; Information tor appointment of Agents can be obtained by letter , prepaid , enclosing a postage stamp . Blank forms and information for the admission of country members can be obtained by letter , prepaid , enclosing three postage stamps , to Dan . VTai . Rcffy , Gen . Secretary , 13 , Tottenham Court , New Road . St Pancras

      Of Sailors Also Walked Past This House A...

      of sailors also walked past this house a short time since . Those persons who have put their names tj the document referred to by the right honourable baronet , have this day passed resolutions that every man who joined the procession should be a special constablehimself , and they pledge themselves not only to preserve the peace , but to take any man into custody who might attempt to violate the rights of property . It was not the intention of the people lo come down to the door of the house , they were to have gone over Westminster-bridge . He had never in his life attempted to palm a falsehood upon that bouse .

      and bad he thought that the parties had any sinister motive or view , or any ulterior design , he would not for a moment have lent his sanction to the proceeding , or joined in that procession . He believed that it was a constitutional right of the people to assemble in that manner , and he trusted that the government would not further interfere upon the occasion than to preserve peace . He hoped that the people would be allowed to come down in procession as was intended to the house . He should consider himself unworthy a seat in that house if he lent himself to any demonstrations calculated to incite the people to the slightest infraction of the peace .

      Sir G . Grey : With respect to the people being taken by surprise , I can only say , that at the earliest moment at which the government could deliberate after they received the information , they directed the notice to which I have before referred to be issued , and it may no doubt be in the possession of the hon . member for Nottingham this evening . ( Cheers . ) That notice will state what , in the opinion of the law advisers , the law of the land is upon the subject , and , without reference to precedents , I am sure , after having avowed the opinions he has , with respect to the good conduct of the people , he will , I am sure , be the last man to encourage any body of men summoned to join an assembly to violate the law .

      Mr Hume said , that on a former occasion it had been asked if a peaceable procession was illegal , and Lord Melbourne ' s government s ated that it was not , and tbey refused to . interfere , He ( Mr Hume ) thought that it would be dangerous for the government to interfere at the present time , and he hoped that they would be induced to withdraw this notice . ( Cries of ' No , no . ' )

      PROTECTION OF THE CROWN AND GOVERNMENT . SirG . Grey—I beg , Sir , to give notice , that I shall , to-morrow , move , before the other Orders of the day , for leave to bring in a Bill to provide for the better security of the Crown and Government of the . United Kingdom . ( Loud and long-continued cheering . )

      Government Proclamation. The Following I...

      GOVERNMENT PROCLAMATION . The following ia tho Proclamation alluded to above : — NOTICE !! ' Whereas ths as-remblago of lurge numbers of people , accompanied with circumstances tending to excite terror aud alarm in the minds of Ler Majesty ' s subjects , « criminal and unlawful ; ' And whereas not only th ^ se persons who tike an active part in such asrrmblage , but those also who by their presence wilfully countenance it , are acting contrary to law , and are liable to punishment ; and whereas an Act of Parliament , passed in the

      13 th year of the reign of his late Majesty King Charles II ., intituled' An act against tumult and disorders , upon pretence of preparing or presenting public petitions or other addresses to his Majesty in the Parliament , ' it was enacted , ' that no person or persons whatsoever , shall repair to his Majesty or both or either of the Houses of Parliament , ' upon pretence of presenting or delivering any petition , complaint , remonstrance , or declaration , or other addresses , accompanied with excessive numbere of people , nor at any one time with above the number of ten persons ;

      ' And whereas a meeting has been called to assemble on Monday next , the 10 th inst , at KcnninKton Common , and it is announced in the printed notices calling such meeting , that it is intended by certain persons to repair thence in procession to the House of Commons , accompanied with excessive numbers of people , upon pretence of presenting a petition to the Commons House of Parliament ; and whereas information has been received that persons have been advised to procure arms and wca » pons , with the purpose of carrying the same in such procession ; and whereas such proposed procession is calculated to excite terror and alarm in the minds of her Majesty ' s subjects ;

      1 All persons are hereby cautioned and strictly enjoined not to attend , or take part in , or be present at , any such assemblage or procession . 1 And all well-disposed persons are hereb y called upon , and required to aid in enforcing the provisions of the law , and effectually to protect t he public peace , and suppress any attempt at the disturbance thereof . ( Signed ) 'C . Rowan , ' R . Mayne , ' Commissioners ofthe Police of the Metropolis 'Metropolitan Police office , Wbitehall-placej April G , 1818 . '

      Ad00411

      JUST PUBLISHED REVOLUTION IN PARIS . A narrative of the recent Revolution in France , containing a full account of te Gauges , Incidents , and Effects , together with tie Abdication of Limis Philiipe , the fall of Guizot , and the triumph of the Popular Cause . —By a Babristee .- Prico Sixpence . Nobthesn Stab Office , 16 , Great Windmillstreet , London ; Watson , Paterncster-row ; Cleave , Shoelane ; Berber , Holywell-strect ; Manchester , Abel , Heywood ; and all booksellers in To . vn and Country , to whom all orders should be immediately sent .

      Ad00412

      TO TAILORS . By approbation cf Her Majesty Queen Victoria , and II . R . H . Prince Alhart .

      Ad00413

      ROYAL AGRICULTURAL SOCIETY OF ENGLAND . —i ^ - * Prize . Lists and Printed Forms of Certificate for the " entry of Live Stock and Agricultural Implements , for exhibition , at the Country Meeting of the Royal Agricul . tural Society of England , to be held at the City of York , in the week commencing Monday , the loth of July next , maybe obtained , on application , either personally or by letter , ofthe Secretary of the Society , 12 , Hanover-square , London : —with whom all entries for Implements must be mado on or hefore tho 1 st of May , and aU entries for Stock on or before tho first of June .

      Ad00414

      NOW PUBLISHING . THE POLITICAL WORKS O ? THOMAS PAINE Complete in one thick volume , prico 5 s ., in which will be found several pieces ne » er before published in England ; and an appendix , containing the 2 VtaI of Thomas Paine , with a portrait ofthe author . Just Published , in Penny numbers and Fourpenny parts , VOLTAIRE'S PHILOSOPHICAL DICTIONARY . May be had , complete , in two volumes , handsomely bound , 12 s . The first volume has a medallion likeness ot the author , and the second , a full length portrait , aa M appeared in his 70 th year . To the first volume is prefixed a , copious Memoir of his Life and Writings . Every care has ieon taken to keep the text correct , so that it may remain nlusting monument of the genius and indomitable perseverance of the author in enlightening and liberating his fellow creatures . The two volumes contain 1 , 276 pnges , clearly printed , crown 8 vo . VOLTAIRE'S ROMANCE AND TALES , in oue vol ., price 3 s . 6 d ,

      Ad00415

      NATIONAL LAND AND CHARTER HANDKERCHIEFS . Price 4 s . each , and may be sent by post for 4 s , 4 d , THE above is a Rich Satin russsls , for a man ' s neck thirty . five inches square , with tricoloured border and plain green middle , entirely composed of the best China silk , soft shuts and warp . Also the LADIES' HANDKERCHIEF , eighteen inches square , price Ja . ea ., bypost'is . 10 d ., beautifully flgured . with the Rose , Thistle , and Shamrock , forthe border , interspersed with groups ofbarleycorns in themiddle , with the Charter and Laud shield at each corner , tho whole su ** ouuded by a fringe of one and a half inches ; this handkerchief is composed of fine Italian silk . The advertiser is a nine years' Chartist , nnd a Land member from tho commencement , who respectfully solicits the support of his brothers and sisters in tho cause . N . H . —To prevent an inferior or spurious article being offered to our body , they <; nn be had only on application at the Office of the National Land Company , 114 , High Holborn , London ,

      Ad00416

      TO THE IMPERIAL CHARTISTS . Fiuends and brothers—The time has at length arrived , when those who hold your confidence must appeal to your wisdom ; when those who have ' struggled from the infant ' s birth to the giant ' s maturity , will have to rest their claims and confidence , not upon one solitary act , but upon their everyact . Perhaps there never was a time in the his-

      The Northern Star, Satdbday, April 8, 1818.

      THE NORTHERN STAR , SATDBDAY , APRIL 8 , 1818 .

      " The Cau S E O F J Ustice Is The C A Us...

      " THE CAU S E O F J USTICE IS THE C A USE O F GOD . " Such were the memorable words with which Arthur O'Csnnor , now in the fiftieth year of his exile , concluded bis memorable speech in the Irish House of Commons , in May , 1786 ; and , presuming that the cause of the English people and the Irish people in their present struggle for liberty is just , their cause is God ' s cause , and for it they must struggle though present defeat should he their portion . We have nursed , have nurtured , and trained tli © mind of this country to a religious belief in its own omnipotence ; we have silently rocked it in the cradle—have anxiousl y watched its growth , and now exultingly rejoice in the . gianfc strength it has achieved .

      We cast an anxious butj not a desponding glance to the history of the past ; we count over the names , and feed upon the valiant deeds of departed heroes , and , in silent commune with ourselves , we ask , whether we would rather participate in their posthumous fame and eternal glory , or passively and submissively crawl through life , evading the oppressor ' s foot , and the tyrant ' * yoke—our path beset with the law ' s snare , and the tyrant ' s pitfall—and we exclaim , " What is life but liberty ? and what is liberty but the fullest enjoyment of life ? We look upon

      the past as the damning evidence of willing slavery , and we look to the budding future as portentous and promising , if we but avail ourselves of passing events to absolve us from bygone transgressions , and to lead us to a new birth unto righteousness . The world rocks around this sea-bound dungeon—the howl of famine , of vengeance , and despair , rages throughout the sister Islethe people of both countries—always identified in interest , but divided in feelinghave at length awakened to a knowledge of the great fact , that

      '' United they , e ' and , Divided they fall , " and , though divided by the ocean , the electric spark of freedom has passed from breast to breast , and jjthey have sworn to achieve their liberties . And is the resolve unnatural or illegal ? Reason answers , that it is not unnatural—power answers , that it is not illegal ; because the Will of the majority should be the law of the land and the basis of the constitution .

      On Monday next the matured Will of the producing classes of this country will be carried in triumph to the Senate and will be presented to the Representatives of worn-out prejudices and exploded privileges— prejudices and privileges which allow the idle few to lord it over the industrious many , and to live sumptuously upon the sweat of the producer . This mighty monster may be , and probably will be , rejected by those who feel strong in the possession of power ; but we would warn them gravely , and warn them in time , of the fallacy

      and folly of any attempt to resist the flood of mind and fixed resolution manifested in this , the people ' s last appeal . It may be that sacrifices — bloody sacrifices — may be demanded by the confident and self-relying oppressor ; but , should it be so , the hot blood flowing in the veins of freemen , will contend for the prize and the honour of martyrdom , and the greater the number of victims the more profuse will be the seeds of freedom , for from every drop of the martyrs' blood will spring ten thousand [ patriots to avenge the martyra' death ; for

      " Labour ' s battle once begun , Bequeathed by bleeding aire to son , Though baffled oft is ever won ;" so will it be with the noble army of Chartists , who have sworn to bequeath liberty tO their successors . They look to the voice of knowledge to silence the cannon '*; roar ; they demand their just rights , and all their rights and liberties , without

      trenching upon the rights or liberties of others . And , whilst engaged in this holy and god-like undertaking , should lewd power let slip the dogs of war , power must take the consequence ; and great and dreadful will the consequencebe , if vengeance and despair should once possess the minds of the millions of freemen who pant for liberty , and demand the restoration of their long-withheld rights .

      The right to petition—to commence . the petition humbly and conclude it with a prayer , and to convey that petition to the Senate House—is a right that has never been disputed , and a right which ' . the people , ag trustees to their successors , are bound to preserve —a right which they have exercised legally , peacefully , and constitutionally , at all times , and , as recently as 1843 ,: under the Govern-

      " The Cau S E O F J Ustice Is The C A Us...

      ment of the then Prime Minister , Sir Robenr Peel , and which they are determined to exer-r « cise on Monday next , observing perfects PEACE , LAW , and ORDER , and scru-ipulously respecting the rig hts of property , bufit an scrupulously defending their own rights ass * freemen . The Delegates ofthe people haveei passed a unanimous resolution to hold them- - selves responsible for the good order of those 3 whom they represent , and precedent esta Wishes the right which £ he people mean to > exercise .

      Our cause is , therefore , the cause ' of Justice and the cause of God ; and our duty is t 0 jm . pose the onus of resistance to that cause upon those who dread the moral influence of ' an op . pressed but united people . In the provinces , those who pant for the response to the National Will , thus respectfully and constitutionally conveyed , will not ; give ear to the thousand and one reports which i malice or mischief may choose to circulate > but they will wait calmly for the true intelli- ' gence from their own representatives .

      There never was , in any country , a more i creditable , pure , or honest representation of the National Will , than that which is now deli- berating upon the National Cause . Its progress i will not be retarded for want of energy and I courage ; its success will not be jeopardised— ¦ and must not be jeopardised—by bluster , bravado , or folly . A sacred duty is as « - signed to those men , and a sacred trust is : imposed upon their constituents ; the voice of ' Freedom is wafted upon each passing breeze throughout thehnd—and henry will be the responsibility of those who shall check its course , or impede its progress by treachery , by cowardice , or fraud .

      For a nation to be free , itis sufficient that she wills it . For a people to ensure their freedom , it is sufficient that they know their rights , and dare maintain them .

      ONWARD AND WE CONQUER ! BACKWARD AND WE FALL * THE PEOPLE'S CHARTER AND NO SURRENDER !

      Parliamentary Review. If The Legislature...

      PARLIAMENTARY REVIEW . If the Legislature means to continue much longer in its " do nothing" mood , it would be better that St Stephens should be closed at once , " until further notice , ' and only reopened when the members have made up their minds to go on with work . At present , the sum total of these labours can only be expressed by the term "nil . " People grow tired of looking into Parliamentary debates , because they know they will find nothing in them , except it be the announcement of the determination of our legislators to do nothing .

      We have already commented upon the singular and anomalous position taken up both by the Ministry and the Parliament . In the midst of general progress , they are obstinately bent upon standingstock still . It might , but for some trifling indications to the contrary , be imagined that our ruling classes were both blind and deaf , and that the events which everywhere else stir the heart ' s blood and make it flow quicker through the veins , have no existence for the occupants of Downingstreet , or the benches of the House of

      Commons . A wise Ministry or a prudent Legislature would not act in this way . The natural effect of the mighty changes that are occurring around us , must be to excite the instinctive feeling , lalent _ in the mind of every man , that things may be , and ought to be , better than they are . Such a period of general and simultaneous movement seems to be preeminently the time for an active and prudent Government to lead the way to safe and efficient improvements , and by making the existing constitution the medium for conferringpo * Iitical and social benefits , obviate the necessity

      for organic or violent changes . The introduction of good measures , and the exhibition of an earnest and honest intention to carry them out , would more than anything else tend to maintain order ia this country , and to secure gradually the great objects of good govern ment to all classes without direct injury to any . If the Chartists and Repealers had been in want of arguments to prove that the interests ot the masses of this country are not properly attended to , and that an immediate and extensive change was required in order to make it harmonise with the intelligence ofthe

      people , and able to provide for their wants , the policy of the present Parliament would have supplied quite sufficient to have proved their case . Instead of increased activity and energy , Ministers and members seem to think that the times demand an increased amount of indolence and apathy . In a few days , more , the House will adjourn for the Easter recess ; that is , the btst working half of the Session will be over , and what shall we have to show for it ? Ministers have botched up their Budget . There never before was such a thing of shreds and patches turned out in the financial way . The Public Health Bill has been for many weeks arrested in its progress . Our Colonial system was to have been revised , with

      the view of giving representative institutions to the Colonies , and so enabling them to manage their own affairs—the only thing done in that way has been to suspend the New Zealand Constitution granted last year . Not a single step has been taken towards improving our Educational Institations . Ireland was to have occupied a prominent position , by the bringing in of a series of remedial measures . Ministers act the part of the dog in the manger * not only will they do nothing themselves , but they will not permit any body else to do anything—witness the defeat of Mr Sharman . Crawford ' s Out-going Tenants' Bill this week . In short , in every department we see the same stagnation , It is impossible that this can go on long .

      It is unnecessary to detain our readers with any detailed enumeration of the matters that have been talked over since our last . A few specimens may be selected , just by way of showing the fitness of the present Ministry and Parliament for their respective duties . When the Army Estimates were brought on , Mr Hume moved that 100 , 000 men be granted instead of 113 , 000 . He was beaten by a majority of 295 . ' The explanation is easy—of that majority , at least 115 hold commissions in the Army and Navy , or stand in the nearest

      personal relations of birth or marriage to those who do . More than one-third of the whole undeniably belong w families which have a direct pecuniary interest in maintaining the largest possible amount of armed force . If to these the holders of civil appointments , and the expectants of appointments in future , be added , fully two-thirds of the majorit y will be ao counted for . It is in this way that these classes , under the conventional cloaks of a vote of the House of Commons , dip their hands into the pockets of the people , and transfer the money found there into their own .

      ^^ m *« taa The fate of the Out-going Tenants'Bill , to which we have already alluded , m conjunction with other Irish discussions during the Session , and the general tone of the House on these questions should be accepted by the Irish people and their leaders , asanunmistakeablehint that the English Parliament is tired of legislating for Ireland—that it wishes very much they

      would take the trouble off its hands , and mind their own affairs in future . At least , such is the construction we put upon the systematic and determined refusal to grant asingle positive or remedial measure to a country which ia known to be steeped to the lips in wretchedness , and which all authorities unite to show is on the eve of a general and organised insurrection .

      Lord J . Russell ' s haua : htv defiance and pompous boast of Monday night , in answer to Lord Joceiyns question on the state oflreland , we look upon ia the same light Tha

  • Citation
    • Northern Star (1837-1852), April 8, 1848, page 4, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse.ac.uk/periodicals/ns/issues/ns2_08041848/page/4/