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Northern Star (1837-1852), 10th October 1846, Edition 2 of 3, Page 6, REMONSTRAOE OF YOUNG IRELAND. TO THB ED1...

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      Mlcus Sieamer _ -O., '.Cu Wan A Iaiijo S...

      FAMINE IN IRELAND . Dcbun * . Oct . 3 . Every day adds to the certainty that the people of iis country are ab ; mt to pass through a fearful rdeal . It is only n « w that the extent and probable Beets of the calamity are beginning to manifest tiemselvcs , for it is only now we are beginning to heeve flwt there ia a deficiency of food in the country , [ eretofore the potatoe failure was regarded as the ale evil of our condition ; but it is now quite ctrain that * iho supply of what the Americana call 'bread stuffs" is utterly and lamentably inadequate o our wants and requirements . The abandonment f the depot system was more than a mistake . That vstem wroucht well last year ; it acted as a check ipon the comhinators and foresta'lers , and our rules hould have hesitated before they permitted abstract irineiples to interfere between them and the lives if millions of her Majesty ' s subjects . Men of all that the

      ireeds , parties , professions , are of op inion t irstand most important dutv of the Government is ] to provide food for the people . The lon « cr this duty j is nclectcd the more will the difficulties and dangers of out position increase and multiply . It is all very well to feilk about non-interference with the rights of trade , but it is more than idle-it is foolish and absurd to do so , when an entire people , driven to madness bv want , are on the point of breakup into insurrection Sh ould the present state ot things be permitted to exist much longer , the result will be a total disruption of society in Ireland , and probably 9 sanguinary war between the owners of property and those who have no property U > loose . The peace of tbe country is at this moment in a very precarious state . Immense bodies of halr-starvinc men are perambulating the provinces , and the feelins ; is rapidly gainine ground among them that it is better to fall beneath the blow of the military than submit to tbe slow and torturing agony of famine .

      5 HE OUTBREAK . IT BUS 0 ARVA 5 . I The Cork Jle ) x > rter etves a full and graphic account of the recent fatal affray at Dungarvan : but , as the main facts are already Ibefore the public , it would hi superfluous to repeat them . A ! description of the conduct of the rioters art I the authorities pritr to the dernier ressort , with the latest particulars of the state of town , is , however , not without interest . After detailing the previous proceedings of Monday , the report proceeds as follows : — Matters had arrived at this state when the magistrates deemed it advisable to clear the square , which was

      immediately done by the Dragoons , who drove the people into tbe adjoining streets , but the stone-throwing being continued , an order was given to the police to advance and drive them off . They finding it impossible to do so , the troop of Dragoons were ordered to advance , upon which a shout was raised in Irish to "kill them , " and accordingly , as they moved up the streets , they were saluted with a shower of stones , scarcely one of the cavalry having escaped injuries in some way or other . Things had arrived at such a serious pass that the officer in command of tbe Dragoons requested Mr . Howley to gire the order to fire , hut that gentlemm declined doing so . He then requested Mr . HowL-y to permit him to take the responsibility on himself , and to allow him to order his men to fire ; but Mr . Howlry replied , that there was an important trust reposed in him , and he would retain that trust , and would not allow any firing until he -considered their lives were in jeopardy .

      The infuriated people having continued throwing the stones , Mr . Howley read the Riot Act . and then warred them of the consequence of perseverance in the course they were pursuing ; but bis advice was disregarded , and a volley of -tones was the response thereto . Tbe officer in command of tbe Dragoons then said that he wonld retire from the town with his men if they were not permitted to fire , on which the order was given for them to do so , with directions to cease the moment the populace discontinued throwing stones . Immtdiate . y on the order being given the Dragoons drew up in sections of fours , each four firing alternately , and in this way 26 shots were fired , and each round was followed by a volley of stones .

      After the firing had continued some time the crowd desisted from throwing stones , and retired from the town , followed by the Dragoons 5 but as soon as they got outside the town they intrenched themselves behind walls at each side of the road , under the impression that the Dragoons would follow them into the country , and thereby become sure marks for stones thrown from behind those walls . H-iwever , it growing dark at the time , and the parties bsing driven from the town , the magistrates deemed it most prudent to withdraw the military , -which was accordingly done . The rumour rife in town yesterday was , that the peasantry had gone to all tbe farmers' and gentlemen's houses in search of arms , and were determined to return to the town to take summary vengence on the military . However , the magistrates have taken t-very precaution to preserve the peace , ami another troop of Dragoons have be n sent for to Clonmel .

      At present everything wears a tranquil aspect , and business has been resumed , but it is hard to tell how longit w > " convimK so , A troop of Hussars arrived at 2 o ' clock last night from Ciher , so that there is now a large disposable force at the command of the authorities , including Captain Sibthorp ' s company of the 1 st Dragoons , which were engaged in tbe conflict . The report that one of the soldiers of the 67 th 3 t » giment was shot by a policeman iu the riots on Hondaj is not correct ; several of the Dragoons , however , have te : n very much injured by the missiles with which they were assailed before the Riot Act was read .

      The country all around is still in the greatest state of excitement . The officer of the Board of Works cannot by the Treasury minute pay the labourers more than 10 . J . a-day , and at this sum they cannot buy provisions . Indian meal in 'he market is now worth double that sum per 14 ib ; nor is this feeling ' of dissatisfaction t-onfintd to the labourers and small farmers . The gentry and magistrates are most loud in the outcry against Government for the length they have permitted matters to arrive at without throwing in food , paralyzing enterprise amongst the merchants , by the declaration

      from the Lurd-Lieutenant that food shall not exceed a given price , and at another time declaring that food will not bs interfered with . A meeting of tbe count ; magistrates it is thought will he brought together immediately , as many are determine ! to throw up the commission of the pence , sooner than be the instruments of keeping down by b ' oodshed excitement caused by want oi en « rgy and foresight at head-quarters . This is not confined to the county of Waterford . The adjacent parts of the county ef Cork are similarly circumstanced , and if matters go on much further , the country yyill be

      without au executive . Two lighters of corn , the property of Mr . Richard Ta'bjt and Mr . 0 ' £ « fcfe , of Tallow , were loaded on Wednesday to cany ea's toToughul , thereto be re-shipped ¦ on board two traders f-jr the Channel . The boats were allowed to sail through the Bride quietly , hut on Thursday , when they had reached the Blackwater , near Cooneen-inill , thousands of tbe country-people , of the parishes of Clashmore and Grange , flocked down the Mil , threatening to sink the boats and drown the crews if the boats did not return . The men had to comply . The corn has gone back to Tallow .

      TROOPS FOR TBE DISTURBED DISTRICTS . The Duke of Cambridge steamer , with four companies of the 47 th Regiment , not being able to make Dunsarvan , put into Youuhal , and lauded the troops there . The lour companies of the 47 th , marched it once for Dungarvan .

      PROCLAMATION OF THE LORD UECTEXAXT . " Dublin Castle , Oct , 2 , 1846 . "Whereas it has been represented to the Lord Lieutenant , that in various parts of the country numerous assemblages of people have committed acts of violence , by attacking the shops of bakers and tiie stores of merchant ? , and by interrupting the free traffic in provisions , and otherwise disturbing the public peace : " His Excellency is determined , by every means ill his power , to protect that lawful trade in the articles of food , the complete security of which is essential to the subsistence of the people ; aud he earne .-tly warns all persons of the danger which they incur by taking part in these illegal proceedings .

      "The Lord Lieutenant has al-o been informci' , that a disposition has in some instances been manifested by tbe labourers employed in public works to resist the arrangements which the officers of the board of works have made , in order to ensure their proper execution , by task or piece-work , as well as to endeavour , by violence , to obtain a higher rate of wages . These officers are acting under the express directions of the government , and if this improper interference is persevered in , the Lord Lieutenant will be compelled to order the works to be discontinued .

      "ihe Lord Lieutenant confidently relies on the continued support of magistrates and others of station and influence , in the efforts to maintain tranquillity , as well as to mitigate the effects of the ca' . lamity with which it has pleased Divine Providence to afflict this country : and he desires , in an especial . manner , to thank the ministers of religion , of all : persuasions , for their useful and exemplary conduct i on this trying occasion . " The Repeal Association have also issued an adi uVss , in which they conjure the people to be quiet , : and promise every effort shall be made to give them J food . The Cork Examiner contains the following : —

      " Macroov . — -Our Macroom correspondent relates tthat , on Wednesday afternoon , large bodies of men . i women , and children , presenting an awful appearsatice of destitution , mustered together in that town . IThe workhouse was the first place to which they vwent , exhibiting nothing bordering on tumult , notwithstanding their privations . * Work or cry' was itiheir cry . A respectable inhabitant , Mr . Welply , raised all his influence to quell any disposition to riot TOvhieh appeared , with which view to show his symppathies for their distress he marched himself into tlheir centre . Our correspondent recognised several inn the crowd , whom he knew to have been a long pperiod without a morsel of food , yet tbe multitude ddid not betray the least symptom of disorder , though ± heir frames seemed to sink from faintness . Even i « o the flowers of the garden attached to theworkaaorise . no damage was done to any kind of property , rrfae physician , wtoteppcasd . to be present , remon-

      Mlcus Sieamer _ -O., '.Cu Wan A Iaiijo S...

      strated with them and pointed out ^ he approaching prospects of relief , after which they returned as peaceably as they entered . The crowd on return-US to the square , was met by Mr Little resident magistrate , who called them > together in the vicinity of the hotel , where the following , ««« £ **™ «* sued— ' Are you from the country ? * es , w . is tne reply ' What brought you to Maeroom V « £ o get empIovnic . it aud food . ' ; llad you no otherobjectof wpmblin" together V No . , . , Mr Little , satisfied of their sincerity , explained that the l ocal gentry , lay and clerical of every denomination , yvere in emulation to serve the people , and had memorialed the government for a baronial sessions , although from the great pressure of similar applications at tlie Castle , his Excellency , as it was stated in reply , was obliged to postpone complying yvith the prayer of it for a few days .

      Just as the crowd was separating , tho Rev . Mr . Lee , who had been absent from town and returned addressed the congregated people , in an eloquent ami feetiVly impressive manner- which confirmed the impressions made by the two preceding speakers , calling upon them to return to their respective homes quietly , and promising ere the lapse of m any days thev would be restored to comparative comfort . I toe reverend gentleman ' s injunction was immediately obeyed , and the town resumed its wonted quietude . The Bidlyshannon Herald contains the lollowmg particulars of the disturbance in Sligo : — _ " We have this morning received a communication from our Sligo correspondent , which gives a frightful account of the state of that town ; he states that on Monday a vast crowd of the peasantry assembled in town and walked throuph the streets in a menaci ng manner . As a large quantity of cakes was

      convevingtoashop of Mr . Martin ' s they were rushed on " and speedily devoured . They then went from ono baker ' s shop to another , and carried off tne contents of each ; as Mr . Jdoses Mends' bread cart was passing with bread to his retailers , it was attacked and speedily emptied . Several provision stores were also p lundered . On Tuesday they again paraded the streets with a large pole , and a loaf suspended from it—they took some bread , Ac—and separated early . On Wednesday they again assembled , but the Mayor had arrangements made to prevent outrage , and they peaceably dispersed .

      STUB OP TUTERART . Murder and agrarian outrage are again rearing their hideous heads in this ill-fated country . Ihe Repeal local paper ( the Tippcrarg Vindicator ) , brings accounts of a dreadful case of assassination in the broad glare of noon , a ferocious attack by an armed band on two ladies , and an assault on a habitation , accompanied by violence on the inmates , one of whom was dangerously wounded by a gunshot wound . " That these excesses , " remarks the Vindicator , " breaking Ollt in paroxysms , at a moment when tranquillity , it was sincerely . to . be hoped , was likely to last for a long time , provide food and employment be given the people , indicate a taint—show that' there is something rotting in the state of Denmark , ' cannot for one moment be doubted . " The following are the particulars of the cases above referred to : —

      "Mysterious axd Awful Murder . —It is ovr sad duty to record one of the most mysterious , and at the same time one of the most atrocious murders , of which this country has been the theatre for a Ion * period , and which was perpetrated in the broad noon of Wednesday , on the person of a singularly inoffensive man , near Kilgarvan , the residence of that excellent country gentleman , Solomon Cambie , Esq . The deceased , William Latchford , and a man of the name of Hogan , were going home from Kilgarvan , about a quarter-past twelve o ' clock at noon . Latchford bad beenforsome years gatekeeper at the Belle Vue , the residence of Edward Biggs , Esq ., and he was also employed as tutor by some of the neighbouring gentlemen , and , in fact , was returning from

      giving lessons at Kilgarvan at the usual hour , on the day he met his dismal death at the hands of the ruthless assassin . He had gone on for some time , when Hogan went a short way before him , and soon afterwrads a man jumped out oi a lane which yvas near , and asked him ( Latchford ) what hour of the day it was . Latchford at once told him , and no sooner had he done so than the villain who asked the hour raised with both hands a quarter-staff or spade handle , struck it violently across the back part ol Latchford's neck , and instantly knocked him down . When down the atrocious miscreant hit the prostrate poor man two other dreadful blows across the left temple , which deprived him of all consciousness , and at ten o ' clock the same night of life . The

      murderer walked off in the most deliberate manner ; no clue has been discovered as to the cause of the murder . Latchford was not only in no way connected yvith land , but he was looked upon as one of the most obliging and quiet individuals in the entire neighbourhood , and was greatly regarded by the country people generally as well as by the gentry , That he could have been mistaken for an obnoxious person at the time is scarcely probable . It was broad noon , the sun shining strongly ; the ruffian who acosted him went quite close to his person , and , if he had ever seen him before , could not be mistaken as to his identity . Hence the mystery that prevades this

      most frightful crime , which has created a deep sensation of disgust and horror far and wide . After the inquest upwards of two hundred of the neighbourit g people proceeded to the house where the body lay , and by their sobs and tears and loud lamentations showed how deeply they deplored the cruel fate ol poor Lachford . It is sincerely to be hoped , for the sake of humanity , that no time shall be lost in looking out for and in discovering the perpetrator ol this desperate , deed of blood , which , we trust , shall soon meet with its merited punishmint . A verdict of * Wilful murder against some person unknown ' was returned by the jury . "

      Attack on Miss Gleeson , of Newtown . —An armed party , consisting of seven or eight men , proceeded on Thursday night , about twelve o clock , to the residence of Afiss Gleeson , of Newton , within four miles of Nenagh , in the direction of Portroe ; after very considerable exertion they obtained an entrance into the bouse , bv breaking in all the windows , and then thrusting in and exhibiting their fire-arms , which so alarmed the inmates that a male servant of the house , and the brother-in-law of Miss Gleeson , a man of the name of Mara , abandoned the position they occupied in endeavouring to keep the door closed , when the Terry Alts immediately secured an entrance , on which they beat Mara very severely —broke every article of furniture and delf in the house , and observed that if " Miss Gleeson did not deal fairly by her brother , they would kill all when

      next they came . " They then decamped . It appears that Miss Gleeson and her brother , Mr . Michael Gleeson , have not been on good terms for some time in consequence of the latter having been ejected from a large farm which the former at present tenants . Highway Robbery—Birr , Oct . 1 . —Mr . Neville , clerk of petty sessions , was met on Wednesday night , as he was driving into town accompanied by his wife , by three men , who demanded that he should stand and deliver what money he had in his possession . lie gave them all he had about him , namely , seven shillings . They then demanded his watch , which he also handed them , when the fellows decamped . There is but one opinion eutertained here , that if the government do not hasten on the execution of public works that have been present for at the last sessions , and employ the people , the laws will be set at open defiance , and property will lose its value .

      Attack at CAPr-AitoE . —An armed party attacked the house of a man named Dwyer , at Capparue , on Wednesday night , and after posting sentinels on the doors of two houses in the immediate vicinity , effected an entrance ; when they searched for Dwyer , who , it seems , has become obnoxious on account of land he had been warned about , but not finding him , they fired a blunderbuss at two men who were in the house , one of yvhom they wounded in a shocking manner , the other partially escaping . After leaving a message for Dwyer , which it were difficult not to understand , they went off . food riots in limerick . The following is from the Limerick Chronicle of Saturday : —

      " A horse and car , laden with corn of Mr . Edw . Maunsell , of Mcelick , for the distillery , was . stopped yesterday ( Friday ) morning on the road by several countrymen , who ordered the driver to go back ; but Mr , Maunsell , insisting that he should have a free passage , one of the party presented a gun , and shot his horse dead upon the road . Upwards of one hundred carloads of corn for this market were arrested on Friday morning , on the high road , at Sheahan ' scross , and ordered to return home . "

      OUTBREAK IN GALWAY . The Go ! way Mercury says : — "We regret to state that the prospects of tlie people have become so alarming as to warrant the worst apprehensions for the tranquillity of the country . On the evening of Saturday last a quantity of floar , purchased from Mr . V . Regan , of this town , by a baker in Dunmore , was taken away from the carinas in charge of it , at or near Killeen , by a party of persons who said they would not allow provisions to be brought into the interior of the country . The entire of the flour was taken away , and no trace could be had of the perpetrators of the outrage . On Wednesday last , sereralcars coming into Galway for provisions were stopped near Loughgeorge , and the drivers were ordered , under pain of personal injury , not to proceed to this town . The carmen were obliged to

      return home . In the same neighbourhood , on the following day , a party of famishing and starving wretches attempted to prevent some carts , laden with flour and meal , passing towards Tuani . At an early hour yesterday morning , about forty loads of flour and oatmeal yvere about to be taken into the country , and on their arrival a little beyond the college a crowd had assembled , by whom their further progress was prevented . Mr . Kernan , the stipendiary magistrate , was immediately on the spot , and a party ot police , together with a company of the 4 'Jth regiment . To such an extreme had the threatened violence of the populace proceeded , that Mr . Ivernan was obliged to read the Riot Act , but , as he assured the multitudes of the anxiety of the Government to afford all the assistance in its power , and that , in the course of that day , measures would be taken for the relief of

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      the people generally , there was no further attempt at outbreak , and the flour and meal were allowed to be brought to their destination . A letter from Oranmore , dated October J } , and published in the Mercury , complains bitterly of the neglect bf Government in providing employment for the poor , notwithstanding the dreadful destitution which prevails in that impoverished district : — " A very large concourse of persona assembled here on Thursday last—the Petty-sessions day—for the

      purpose of giving the magistrates formal notice of their wretched condition , and that matters had eomc to such a pass with them that they oould not longer remain without relief . Certainly any person could see from the wretched garb and haggard and careworn countenances of the greater number of thesn . that poverty and starvation had laid an iron gracp upon them . I have been told by several that tney have been for weeks striving , to subsist on one mew per day , and that of wet . and rotten potatoes . ^ i « not this a melancholy picture of human suffering : And yet the Government , unaccountably , shut their eyes in regard to it . "

      FRVBR aN THE COUNTY OP SLIGO . The Sligo Champion contains the following : — Sligo , Oct . 3 . —We regret to state that fever is rife in Sligo ' . thirty-two persons are now lying ill of this fearful disease in tbe workhouse , and in the town we have many bad cases . We attribute the prevalence of fever in the town to the want of proper sewerage , and to the unwholesome food the people are now compelled to consume . In the country districts fever is also very eeneral , so that we ate now attacked with both pestilence and famine . Truly this is , indeed , a much afflicted land ! It is rumoured , and , generally believed , that a vast concourse of labourers are to visit this town upon Monday next , with the intention of demanding immediate employment . Of course the inhabitants of Sligo cannot procure it for them , and it is feared , that disturbances will take place before the people disperse .

      STATE OF THE COUNTY OF MAYO . The following is an extact of a letter received from a magistrate of the county of Mayo : — * ' Nothing can exceed the dep lorable state of this county . It food be not procured , I fear there will be a terrible outbreak . This district ( Westport ) is generally quiet , but this state of things will not long continue it the people are not fed . " COUNTY OF MONAOHAN . —BARONY OF TROUGH . On Monday the sessions for this barony was held at Glassloufjh . The business having concluded , the gentlemen were about dispersing when it was discovered that the mob had blocked the passage , shouting for immediate employment , crying ' Down with road work , and up with draining . " The greatest , detestation was expressed against task work , and they all seemed to think that if they were employed in draining the benefits would be double .

      RENT DISTURBANCES IN TlfTERARY . The Dublin Evening Mail of the 5 th contains the following from a correspondent : — " Barrisokane , Oct . 3 . 1816 . "A Mr . Lloyd , having made a distress for rent , had the cattle removed to the ground in the village of Lurrah ; the cattle were bailed and returned to the pound-keeper yesterday , being ~ the auction day , for the landlord to sell ( the tenant having refused to sign an adjournment of the sale , or make any terms with Mr . Lloyd . ) Long before the hour of one o ' clock , in the afternoon , being the time appointed for the sale , large bodies of men armed with sticks and spade handles , several with pistols , from different districts , the greater number being straugers , residing more than ten miles from the scene of action—werein motion t owards the village of Lurrah ; and according as they moved along , they swelled their ranks by

      pressing into their service labourers and workmen of every description ; and in many places on their route they made several respectable farmers and gentleman ' s servants leave their work , and join in their procession , and among others a very quiet and inoffensive dissenting minister , who was in the act of cleaning wheat for market , and resolutely refused to quit his business , when they immediately convinced him of the prudence of joining their ranks by a rigid application of an oak stick to his loins , from the effects of which he could with difficulty keep marching step with his company . Mr . Lloyd made no appearance at tho time appointed , and the pound-keeper gave up the cattle to the owner amidst the enthusiastic cheering of tho demonstrators . 'Ihe assemblage , consisting of upwards of one thousand men , filed off in companies , each district having a filer playing some loyal air at the head of the party .

      " The other demonstration occurred at Milford , the residence of Ralph S . Smith , Esq ., and arose out of the following transaction . —Mr . Smith ' s grandfather made a lease of nine acres of land , part of his estate , adjoining the house of Milford , for three lives , at a nominal rent of a few shillings , to a retainer of his family . This farm passed into the possession of a man of the name of Gay nor , who sublet seven acres to a person named Mcara , at a ? rackrent of £ 14 a year . Meara , becoming embarrassed in his circumstances , and unable to pay the rent , proposed to Mr . Smith , within the last month , to sell him his interest in these worn out seven acres , to enable him to emigrate with his family to America ; and although the ground was so reduced by Meara , as not to be worth

      one-half the £ U a year ( reserved to Gaynor during the term of his lease , now being for the life of one old woman , aged 72 ) . Mr . Smith gave Meara £ 45 for his interest and good will , and undertook the payment of the rent due to Gaynor . No sooner was the money paid than Mr . Smith received a Rockite notice threatening his life , should he interfere with tho land , and requiring him to give up the same to Gavnor . Next followed an attempt , on last Sunday evening , to shoot his steward , and Mr . Smith being determined to support his rights , was preparing to plou-h the land on yesterday , and when about to do so was informed that over three hundred men were on the land and its vicinity , the greater number of them armedready to oppose him to the death .

      , Mr . Smith was then obliged to barricade , his house and out-offices , and keep his workmen with their ploughs and horses Within doors , and immediately sent an express to Colonel Dwyer , who was the next magistrate to him , and another to Mr . M Grath the officer in command of the police in Bomsokane , informing them of the peril he was in , the multitude being within view of his windows , when he received a reply from the former that he had forwarded hia communication to the police authorities in Borrisokane . Immediately after , an answer arrived from Mr . M'Gvath , that he could not repair to the place of siege yvithout a magistrate accompanying him . Mr . Smith was therefore obliged to keep his house barricaded all day , having been several times invited

      out , by the assailing party , to make the light shine through him . In the evening this party of demonstrators retired to their respective districts , making no concealment of their being fully armed prepared to meet any opposition . Mr . Smith is to make application this day to the authorities for a sufficient force of military and police to protect him for one day , while ploughing the land . " , # At the weekly meeting of the British Association , a letter from Mr . O'Connell was read , reiterating his proposal for a meeting of landlords in Dublin . John O'Connell made the speech of the day , in the course of which he said , if the people were not at onceprevided with food , death must inevitably ensue , either from starvation or from the bullets of the

      soldiery . The government had already poured military into the country , but they should increase their numbers tenfold , they should deluge the coun try with blood or else relieve the distress . That was strong language , but the necessity of the case warranted him in making use of it . What man could guard his expressions at such a terrible crisis as the present ? It might be said that he was inciting the people to violence . He cared little for any such charge , for his conscience acquitted him of any criminality . lie ( Mr . O'Connell ) did not know but at the moment he was speaking , the terrible scenes which recently occurred at Dungarvan might not be re-enacting . The English branch of the goyernnient , he felt convinced , were not aware of the extent of the tlistrcav . If the people were not fed , all the ruin and destitution that ensued would fall on the heads of those who refused to minister to their

      wants . There was plenty ot food in the countryfood , the produce of the soil . Was it not in tho power of the government to buy up that food , to store it in depots , and let it out upon the market when prices reached famine prices ? If they did not do so it would necessarily be exported . The great thing was to check the starvation yvhich existed . The people could not be restrained from violence if the government were not wise in time—although , in matters of general politics he thought the present the best government thatcould be formed in England , yet still he thought that by their single act of not attending to the urgency of the Irish distress—by the signal fact of their not saving Irish society from dissolution and the Irish people from death—they proved themselves unworthy of their station , and ought at once to resign . The call would then be for Peel—for Peel , with all his hatred and aversion to Ireland—but Feel with his supply of food to the

      country . The rent for the week was £ 12 G . The number of extraordinary presentment sessions convened by the Lord Lieutenant now amount to two hundred and thirty-six . The provincial journals are crowded with reports of presentment sessions , at which grants have been liberally made .

      CONFLICT It CASTLE CONNEIX . Limerick , Oct . 5 . —Last night , a private of the SStli regiment , and a civilian , named Gleeson , were shot dead at Castleconnell , within s > x miles of this city , during a riotous attack on the constabulary barrack , when the windows were broken . A draft of the SSth , from Birr , en route , was billeted in the town . Colonel Maunsell , Assistant Adjutant-General , left Limerick this morning , to inquire into the circumstances of this untoward event , An official account of the affair was sent to the authorities at Dublin , and it is said that three lives were lost namely , one soldier of the 88 lh regiment , one of the constabulary , and one of the country people A number of reports are current prejudicial to tho

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      conduct of some of the military engaged in the conflict . .... » - The Evening Freeman gives the subjoined cautious version : — ' LiMunicK , Monday . —Very distressing accounts were received this morning from Castle Connell , where a fatal riot took place last night . The accounts of the affray are very contradictory , but the fatal facts are . I fear unquestionable , that a private soldier of the 88 th regiment ia dead , shot , it is said , by a random ball from a police carbine , a man named Gleeson dead , and another man badly wounded . The riot originated with the starving people , whose conduct under such circumstances should be regarded with forbearance ,

      EMPLOYMENT OF TIIE POOR . An important communication has been addressed to the chairman of the board of public works by the Lord Lieutenant . It states that , acting upon the various representations which have been made to him as to the difficulty of finding in the greater number of baronies , '' public works , ' ' upon which it would be expedient or beneficial to expend money to the extent requisite to give employment for the people . His Lordship has come to the determination to authorize works of a reproductive character , and permanent utility under the following conditions : —

      " 1 . The Presentment Sessions will estimate the sum which it may be necessary to raise off the barony for the purpose of affording employment . " 2 . They will also ascertain the proportion of such assessment which , according to the last Poor Law valuation , may be chargeable upon each electoral division of an union , or portion of an electoral division ( if the whole shall not be included ) in the barony ; and they will obtain for this purpose , from the clerk of each Poor Law Union , a copy of such valuation . " 3 . They will present for such useful and profitable works to be executed in each electoral division to the amount of its proportion of the assessment ascertained as above .

      " 4 . In the case of drainage , however , and subsoiling , so far as it shall be connected with drainage , an undertaking shall be given in writing , and transmitted with the presentment , by the person or persons whose lands are proposed to be drained ( being ' proprietor' in the terras of the act 5 th and 6 th Vic . chop . 89 , ) stating that the money so to be expended shall be a charge exclusively on the lands so to be improved , and be levied from the same , according to an award to be made by the commissioners , as under the last-mentioned act and its amendments . " Works so presented will be treated as if they were strictly " public works" under the act .

      In Thethe Associationhasin The Moral For...

      ' THB N O RTHIS RK 1 s ff A fi » ________ __^ October 10 , 1846 p . ¦ - -- _____ - : . ' —>•« " - — " , ' '"' . ' .. ' . '• . ... ' ¦ . - .. . ' ' . ' .

      Remonstraoe Of Young Ireland. To Thb Ed1...

      REMONSTRAOE OF YOUNG IRELAND . TO THB ED 1 TOB OF THB K « ttTHERN STAR . Dublin , Sept . 28 , 1846 . Drau Sir , —Although the refusal to publish in the columns of the Nation newspaper , the address of four millions of British Chartists , honest men and lovers of political liberty and free discussion ; yet I hope that you will publish the subjoined remonstrance to the Loyal National Repeal Association of Ireland . It is , you may perceive , an exceedingl y well written document , mild , and unassuming in its _ tone , and perfectly innocent of any political principle whatever . It is , however , what it professes to

      bea remonstrance . But the idea or hope that the O'Connell faction will act honestly , or that the hungry vultures of CONCILIATION HALL will forjto their grasp on prostrate Ireland , is perfectly childish . None , but some good well-meaning boy could imagine such an absurdity . The Repeal pledge at the Repeal Elections of 1832 was— " That any administration which would not make the Repeal of tbe Union a Cabinet measure should be opposed . " This ia very different from the terms of the fourteenth ' proposition in the remonstrance . I am , yery truly yours , Patrick . O'IIiggiks .

      At A Meeting Of The Friends Of Freedom O...

      At a meeting of the friends of freedom of opinion , convened by printed , ' circular , and held on Sunday , Sept . 20 , 1846 , at 212 , Brunswick-street , Wm . Bryan , Esq ., of Raheny , in the chair , Mr . P . Barry acting Secretary , certain resolutions were brought forward , condemnatory of recent proceedings in Conciliation Hall , which , after some discussion , were referred , for revision , to a Committee then and there appointed for that purpose . The Committee were further instructed to prepare a Remonstrance , which , for general convenience , they beg to present in printed form , as follows : — ;

      TO THE 'LOYAL NATIONAL REPEAL ASSOCIA . TION , THE REMONSTRANCE OF THE UNDERSIGNED REPEALERS OP DUBLIN . Whereas , the Nationality of Ireland is , of all things earthly , dearest to our hearts . To attain it we have worked for years unceasinglydevoted our time , our talents , and our resources , and contributed by every means in our power to create and strengthen that great organiiation , which once astonished Europe , and in itself almost gave to this country the place , and power , and dignity of a Natiom . Till lately we have reposed , entire confidence in , and vielded implicit obedience to the Repeal Association , as the head of that organisation , the director of its power , and the manager of its resources .

      We are fully sensible , that to differ with that body in matters immaterial , or not vitally important , would , in general , bo wrong in us , and impolitic to the cause we cherish . But we are also sensible of the greater impolicy to that cause in the course recently pursued by the association , and the still greater evils which must result from its continuance . We bep , therefore , respectfully to remonstrate with the association against the policy it has recently adopted . We beseech it to remember , that without freedom of opinion we cannot be free ; without freedom of discussion , itself is immoral and anti-national , and the teacher and exemplar of servility to a people too long nnd too grossly servile . We pray of it to change the system which has debased the Repeal movement into a war of internecine factions ; which has made itself contemptible abroad and powerless at home ; and which has flung Ireland again , in her naked serfage , at the feet of her foreign master .

      In justification of this prayer , we beg to submit the following as our matured opinions .

      The "Moral Force Resolutions . " 1 st . That the recent resolutions , called the '' Peace Resolutions , " however morally right or morally wrong they may he , constitute a new test of opinion , differing from the original rules of the association—that tbia test was not necessary for the legal safety of the association , and that it was introduced for the express purpose of driving from the national mo vement honest and able men , who disapproved of the conduct of the association in reference to the Whig government , and other matters , because they so disapproved . 2 nd . That the members of the associatian against whom this test was directed bad broken no law of the association , had declared their adhesion to the principles on which it was founded , had adhered firmly to those principles , and were perfectly justified in expressing their opinions , whether of dissent or assent , on every matter discussed in the association .

      3 rd . That , therefore , the test is , as a test , unnecessary , and as a weapon of expulsion , unjust , arbitrary , and destructive to the national movement ; and that , therefore , it should be abolished , 4 th . That , while we acknowledge the abstract truth , " a voluntary society can make laws for its own government , " we submit that the bar to delegation in Ir . land , and the consequent representative want in the association , are reasons why its committee should have been more cautious in altering these original rules and principles to which , and to which alone , every number has , on his entrance , agreed , —and which were proved sufficient in the great usras of ' 48 aud MI for the legal safety of the association is a " voluntary society , " it is also a national one , —the committee of which has undertaken stern and glorious duties , to be discharged for national purposes , and these only , —and to be guided in that discharge by judgment , reason aud impartiality , and not by arbitrary violation .

      FREEDOM OF DISCUSSION . 5 th . That in matters political we hold " Freedom of Discussion" to be a right—its protections duty—its suppression a crime , ^ Ctli . That the association has suppressed free discussion in Conciliation Hall , in the cases of Mr , John Martin , Mr . Meagher , and other members . 7 th . That the Committee has suppressed it by arbitraiily and factiously suppressing the correspondence of members . 8 th . That such conduct is directly opposed to the principles of the association , destructive of its moral power , and preservative oi the act of Union alone ,

      , FREEDOM OF THE PRESS . 9 th . That the national press is our surest weapon for the regeneration of our country ; that , to a moral struggle its support by the people is essential ; and that its freedom—in all lands a thing sacred—is doubly so in this , 10 th . That the association in its conduct towards the iVation , has made an attack upon tho freedom of the Press , more becoming a despotic cabal tlinu a popular assemoly . 11 th . That the Irish people owe much to the Nation newspaper , and that not [ onlv in gratitude does it deserves their thanks , but , as the sternest organ of national independence , tlicy are iuterested in its support , l 12 th . That the subscribers to the Repeal fund , who have ordered the Nation , are entitled to its receipt

      . 13 th . That on these grounds of public liberty , public advantage , and public l ' mnour , tlie present resolutions by the society should be rescinded .

      TUB WHIG AD . \ tlNISTKATION , 14 . That an alliance with a"ny English administration which does not make Repeal a Onbinct question is unbecoming to a confederation which . assumes as a vital principle , that no foreign government whatever can fitly legislate for Ireland . COMMITTEE . lfith , That the Committee , as the coWr-dog power of

      At A Meeting Of The Friends Of Freedom O...

      the association , has , in framing the moral force resolutions , in framing the resolutions against the Nation , in the suppression of correspondence , inc ., used the powers vested in it sincerely for the national good , or for other purposes ; if for the national good , it has established its incapacity , —if for other purposes , its dishonesty ; and in cither case , its unfitness to continue longer the governing body of the association . 10 th . That not only has it thus failed in the discharge of the duties with which it is invested , but it has usurped other powers not vested in it by the constitution of the association , vir .. —the powers of declaring the expulsion or incapacity of members . 17 th . —That , therefore , the present eommittee has forfeited our confidence , that it should be dissolved , and a new one elected . . ... ., „

      18 th . And we further respectfull y Bubmit to the association , that to such new committee erery individual should bo declared incapable of election who receives a salary or stipend of any character from the funds of the association ; that a declaration of his duties , and his determination to perform them , should be submitted for the signature of each member of the new committee ; and that such committee should receive and expend the funds , and publish the accounts of the association , in such manner , arid at such periods as to it may seem fit . And whereas , in submitting this , our remonstrance , to the Loyal National Repeal Association , we feel it necessary to declare our independence of all factious or personal motives whatever ; that we are impelled onl y by the firm determination to attain that which is dearer to as than all on earth besides ; for which we would gladly sacrifice all personal feelings and interests , round which are wound the holiest aflections of our

      soul—the National jjiPEPEHP-NCE or ovb Natits Land . Wilham Brian , Chairman of Committee , Fatbick John Babuy , Secretary .

      Tiie Charter. Important Meeting In Edinb...

      TIIE CHARTER . IMPORTANT MEETING IN EDINBURGH . On Thursday evening ; , a meeting convened by the Chartist Association of Edinburgh , was held in the New Hall , Adam Square , for the purpose of advocating the principles of the Charter , and to prompt the working men of Scotland to take a more decided stand than hitherto in the way of working out their political emancipation " Mr . A . Waiker ( the chairman ) , in opening tie proceedings , said that many would no dsubt be wondering where the Chartists had been for some few years nasi , and what they had been about ; but without enttrinainto any details upon thesfe mftttera . itwou'd no doubt be uWesatig factory to them to know what the Chartists meant to be after in time to come . It had been considered desirable at this time to collect into one focus the demnnr . ih ' i ! mind

      of Edinburgh , now that the apathy of the people was beeinninj ; to wear off , and before the popular mind got filled with some other visionary nostrum which might prove fatal , for a time , to the gloriorious principles of political emancipation . Such being the opinion of a few old and tried friends , there soon rallied around them an additional number of the friends of liberty ; whose opinion was that some organization should be entered into suited to the intelligence of the age . National associations were considered preferable to local ones , as being more popular and more powerful , and hence they unanimously agreed to join the National Charter Association of Great Britain . Now , a good deal has been said about guns and blunderbusses in connection with the Chartists ; but ( as Paddy would say ) ' . the devil a bit of a blunderbuss we ' ve got '—

      indeed , the most of you would no doubt give the preference to few bags of potatoes and a barrel of meal . No , no ; all the old wives and property-men in the country might rest assured that the Chartists wanted neither their lives nor their property—all that was desired being that the Charter be made the law of the land . Now , the claim is a just one . By the constitution of Britain , representation and taxation must be co-equal . Let the Chartists all get into the same ship—let them pull the same way—let them clear their own ducks—let them spread every inch of canvass , so that , on the firstbreeze of wind springing up , th « y may waft across the bar of class legislation . ( Cheers ) Let every quack be scouted ; let tbe Chartists raise their voices for themselves , for their children , aad for their country—for erery Briton down through every age .

      Mr . Georob Mack at , letter-printer , then came forward to move the first resolution , which was as follows : — "That all men are entitled to an equality of political rights ; that the present system of class-legislation is unjust and unconstitutional ; and that immediate steps be taken to secure its abolition . ' He said—Mr . Chairman , the object for which we are assembled is a just and a noble one ; and though our principles have been ridiculed and calumniated by the organs of titled ignorance and wealthy stupidity , we can console ourselves with the reflection , that there are among the advocates and

      defenders of our glorious cause , many of the brightest names that are recorded in the ' bonk of time ; ' and it our opponents can boast of their Pitts and Castlereaghs , we , likewise , have our Washingtons , our Franklins , and our Duncombes , ( Cheers . ) Many 'imagine that our silence of late has been the silence of death , and that our slumber was the slumber of the tomb ; but in that they are mistaken . While they wire engrossed with their feeble and factious agitations , we have been noiselessly adding thousands to our ranks . . We have often bsen stigmatised as malcontents—fellow * who grumbled without a reason—disconted varlets—and so forth . But is

      there no cause for this discontent i At the present mo . ment , want and misery prevail throughout the Highlands and Islands of Scotland ; destitution everywhere abounds . Hundreds of individuals are entirely dependent on the charity of one man , who , like a god , holds within his hands the power of life and death . In England , all is not peace and happiness . There , the master manufacturers , instigated by tbe spirit of Mammon , have taken advantage of the repeal of the corn law , and , under this pretext , have reduced the price of labour—at a time , too , when the price of food is on tbe increase . Is the condition of Ireland better ? Are the people of that illfated country housed , and clothed , and fed ? Is disease subsiding ! The very contrary is the fact , There the people have reached the lowest depths sf moral and physical degradation ; lower they cannot go , and exist . In

      some cases , the people , driven to desperation and hunger , have appealed to arms , and , in the attempt to obtain food , have found a grave . The hospitals are crammed with diseased and famishing human beings . Is , there , then , sufficient ground for believing this country a paradise ? Some fondly point to it as such , though it ap pears rather an incarnation of demons than of rational beings . There is no effect without a cause . What is the cause , then , of the existence of this dreadful state of society * It is class-legislation . It is this which is the fruitful source of all the ills which affect the social and political condition of the people ; and until this monstrous absurdity ( which measures tbe souls of men by the weight of their money-bags ) be removed , all attempts to diffuse enlightenment , virtue and happiness

      throughout the land , will prove unavailing . Why is this privilege—our birthright—withheld from us 1 If it is a jewel to those who possess it , is it not a pearl beyond price to us ? Are wc not men as they are ? Is not a labourer fed with the same food , hurt with the same weapons , subject to the same diseases , healed by the same means , warmed aud cooled by the same winter and summer as the merchant is ! If you prick us , do we not bleed ; if you tickle us , do we not laugh ; it you poison us , do we not die ; and if you wrong us , shall not we revenge ? No !—interest and justice alike forbid it . Let us return good for evil . But let us persist in our demand , and never cease from peaceful and constitutional agitation , until we have emancipated every white slave in Britain . ( Cheers . ) Mr . Mackay sat down by again reading his motion ,.

      Mr . Joun Grant , lettcr-pross printer , said , he most cordially seconded the resolution . It stated that classlegislation was both unjust and unconstitutional . This truth , he bad no doubt , was so self-evident to the meancapacity in the room , that he considered it unnecessary to dwell upon it , The political history of this country showed most clearly that our legislators have been all along furthering thair own interests , and that they have been sacrificing the welfare of the millions to serve that of the favoured few . How any measure will affect the condition of those who have the elective franchise—not how it will affect the millions of the unenfranchised—is the question too often proposed . Gentlemen , the working classes are now beginning to see their own interests in these important matters ; they are now beginning to develope their long dormant powers ; and are at length determined to do something for themselves . In proof of this , they are combining their efforts in forming

      themselves National Societies , with various objects in view , towards effecting- their emancipation . Oriief amongst these stands the National Charter Association , which is destined to ameliorate the condition of the working population . Of late there had been extensive reformations going on which would yet do good to the people . But cheering as was all this , there was still the great evil of class-legislation , which steps in and mars all efforts towards emancipation . However good all our schemes arc , we should never give up our agitation until we finaliy abolish this iniquitous system . It is that which constitutes tho root of the evil ; and if we are to prosper , that root must bo eradicated . He trusted that the meeting would cordially approve of tho motion which had been submitted to them , and that they were prepared to do something tangible in this matter . He would sit down by seconding the motion which had been proposed . ( Applause . ) Motion put and carried uuanimously .

      Mr . Alex . Grant , secretary to the local association , then proposed the second resolution , which was as follows : — «« That tliia imeting is of opinion that the only means whereb y the political independence of the unenfranchised portion of the United Kingdom can be secured , is by the immediate adoption of every means for ohtainin tr tho enactment of the People ' s Charter as tho law of the land . " He said , that , in proposing the People ' s Charter to the meeting , he was aware that he called up the fears of the timid portion of the community , who had a horror of everything identified with

      what , ill genteel parlance , was termed tha " tag-rag and bob-tail ; " conceiving , in their wisdom , that such discusjious must inevitabl y lead to such a state of things that a man could not go to bed without a dread of having his throat cut by some demon in the shape of a Chartist ; or the sacredness of his property infringed by a ge . neral division of his acres , goods , and chattels ; and all this sanctioned and inculcated by an infamous document callml—The Charter . He verily believed those who most deprecated that document had never read it , far lew studied its contents . What are the leading features

      Tiie Charter. Important Meeting In Edinb...

      of this great measure of reform ? First , It sets out with the Important principle , that political equality is the birthright of every man , and that he only forfeits that right when h » places himself in the position of a criminal ; second , Annual parliaments ; third Vote by ballot ; fourth , No property qualification - fifth Payment of members ; sixth , Electoral districts . Some demur to the expediency of universality ot the suffrage , on the ground that the lower orders ( as they are pleased to designate the unenfranchised ) —that is , those who labour hard and honestly for a precarious "subsistence—are not intelligent enough to be safely intrusted with the making of those laws they are compelled to obey . Experience had proved the fallacy of this hackneyed objection , Thousands of educated men are abandoned and worthless : and who ,

      if « ducation is held to he the hest test of a man ' s fitness to make laws , would , in their case , form as legitimate an argument against education being a test at all , as the want of education in others . The just exercise of the franchise is a moral duty : and the only essential requwite to its exercise is exemption from all legal stain or blemish 1 for , if wt seek for immorality , we need notconfine our range of observation to th « unenfranchised ^ Ho by no means undervalued the vast irapoitance of education as an element in social and political progression , but he aimed at establishing the proposition that the want of it was no argument to substantiate politicat rofebery of any class in the state . Either a man has a right to the franchise , or he has not . If he has a right , then no Jesuitical or expediency doctrine can justify theexcommunicating him from the pale of legislation . It

      savoured of barefaced and unblushing effrontery in these who vaant so much about the necessity of education , and yet had thamselves done absolutely nothing to promote the spread of it among those whese ignorance they would affect to deplore . By the brijht names the ' lower orders' have added to the lustre ofgeaiusin all its walks , the great democratic ; fact has been demonstrate . ) , 'that God has made of one flesh all the nations of the earth . ' Judging by the past , tha masses may remain , for all that class-legislators will do in the matter for ever ignorant , unless , by their own efforts , they contest their rights , and possess » fair control over those monies of the state which might be more intelligently deroted to the purposes of education than to tbe building of palaces for royal horses and royal asses . A word as to property qualification . By tbe mere change in the :

      value of property , a man who might be one day con--sidered intelligent , and worthy of the suffrages of the ? community , may , in an hour or two , by the slightest application of the magic wand of property qualification , be ? transformed into the personification of ignorance ; andeice versa , a man may as suddenly emerge into the perfect embodiment of an intellectual character , who , th « previous day , had no legal pretension to knowledgs or fitness for the discharge of public duties . But if a pro , perty qualification for the exercise of political privileges be objected to , how would a religious test do t Let us see , A multitude of claimants at once appear to the possession of the only true and unadulterated religion , who regard all who do not swallow their theological pills as unfit not only for this world , but for the betttrpart of

      the world to come . Myriads of churches and chapel , rise in erery direction , with finger-posts , each of them stating that theirs is the only reat-way to the heavenly country , and that they have no part nor lot with the damnable heresies given out in the meeting-house opposite ; and , out of all the confusion of creeds and confessions of iaith with which the market is glutud , which of them would prove an infallible test to determine the fitness of a man for the exercise of his political rights ? Are there not good men of all shades of religious opinion—good men , who cannot understand Euclid ' s Elements and who are unable to read the Moral Laws in tbe original Hebrew or Greek—good men , who will never believe in tbe divine right of kings or queens until ( as Lord Bolingbroke felicitously expressed it ) they are born with crowns on their heads as cocks with their

      combs . ' ( Applause . ) With regard to annual parliaments , it might be stated that it was customary for the generality of business men to balance their accounts annually ; and no reasonable objection could be urged against the same principle being adopted in reference to the transactions between members of parliament and their constituents . Facilities would thus be afforded for removing from office those who had betrayed their trust . As to the ballot , no one could object to voting on their principle who had no sinister or unworthy motives to serve . As to payments of members , it was matter of surprise that this , should be objected to , seeing that * in this money-worshipping age , very little can be had without payment . But this was not without its reason . A man when performing gratuitous services could find a hundred excuses for neglect of duty ; and , indeed , it was

      not in human nature to expect undivided attention without proper remuneration for it . By the present political machinery , manyvaluable and efficient representatives may be lost to the country , who may be too poor to afford the entire devotion of their time to the service of the state without renumeratiou . And here standsout in ail its depravity the gross monopoly of power andplace by those possessed of the property qualification . Poverty is held to be a crime , and to unfit the most talented and the most gifted of the advocates of human freedom to occupy the sphere which nature designed him for , because not p > ssessed of £ 500 a-year . But the aim of the property qualification is obvious . Corrupt men know that many a talented advocate of popular rights was poor and needy through devotion of principle , and , fearing to meet them on constitutional grounds ,

      resorted to the expedient of making them show the contents of their pockets , however excellent the contents of their heads might be . The propriety of equal electorial districts would recommend itself to all lovers of fair play , who wish to give every man in the country his full weight in politicel influence . The anomaly of a small and obscure borough sending a member of Parliament to represent 2000 inhabitants , while a town with a population of 20 , 000 could only have the same weight in the political scale , was too flagrant an absurdity to require further illustration . The speaker concluded by calling upon bis brother Chartists to cultivate habits of sobriety ; to devote their leisure hours to the promulgation of their principles ; and that the domestic circle was not more the sphere of woman than was the political circle that of the man .

      Mr . Peter M'Intyre briefly seconded the resolution proposed by Mr . A . Grant Mr . James Cribbes next came forward and proposed tlie following motion ;— " That this meeting is of opinion that the system of organization adopted by the National Charter Association is the best and only means whereby the spirit of the foregoing resolutions can be effectually carried out . " He said , that the meeting had given & just verdict against class-legislation ; the People ' s Charter had been brought forward , and on it also a just verdict had been given . As the rich and the poor were governed by ths same laws of nature , the same political justice ought to be meted out to * them , He hoped they were determined to use all constitutional means to be free . Much had been said , and continued to h « said , about slavery ; bat certainly that was the greatest slavery which involved the degredatioa of the mind . When a man had the political franchise denied him he was enslaved , ( Applause . )

      Mr . Gumming , in seconding the resolution , said—That the suffrage was their inherent and inalienable right ; and that to possess it effectually and permanently , fhey muse be effectually organized and united . Without organization it was impossible to achieve any great object ; The spirit of poliical freedom was now abroad amongst the people , and beneficial results would certainly be the consequence . The meeting then separated .

      How To Make Murder Machines For Despots. —

      How to make Murder Machines for Despots . —

      Having Been Honoured With An Invitation ...

      Having been Honoured with an invitation to assist at the inspection of the corps of cadets of St . Petersburgh , by tlie Grand Duke Michael , previous to their departure for Peterhof , we met on the Champ de Mars , in uniform , where we found the Grand Duke just entering the great palace . Two thousand five hundred young soldiers , composing the first aud second corps of cadets and the corps ot pages , varying from the ages of ten to eighteen , were drawn up in a hollow square . They were first closely inspected by his Imperial Highness , and then went " through a number of evolutions in excellent order , the Grand Duke giving the word of command himself . After having manoeuvred for two hours , they marched past in quick and slow time , and returned to their different academics . The size of some of these

      future officers amused me greatly . Tho Grand Duke kindly kept back tour or five of the smallest to snow us separately as curiosities . These little urchins weie not more than three feet and a half high , mere infancs , " nevertlielesg , they went through the manual exercise as well as possible ; and on being ordered to march , set off in every sense of the word like men , for each stride was the full regulation step . After the main body of the young gentlemen had finished their manueevres , eiirht guns , worked entirely by cadets , wore brought forward , and fired several dozen rounds while retreating and advancing ; , going through the entire exercise with great precision . The whole thing lasted about four hours , ami was a very interesting and amusing ceremony , fl 9 these boys played at soldiers with perfect exactness , and must be in every way prepared for the duties of their profession by the time they enter the regular

      army , At Peterhof , where they went a few days after , they arc encamped for some weeks in the neighbourhood of tho palace , iu order that their exercises may be conducted under the eye oftho Emperor , who takes a great interest and pride itt these tiny regiments . They go through ail the evolutions of a regular army , and partake of all the toils and hardships of an imaginary war . They are wonderfully steady , and only one instance is known ot these young gentlemen having tailed in tho performance of their duty . Soino years ago , a body of the smal l est among them were drawn up in a hollow

      square , and charged by cavalry . They stood their ground very well for some time ; but when the regiment of dragoons got quite close to them , their little hearts failed them , and they fairly took to their heels , scampering off in every direction . They « ero with difficulty brought back ; some of the officers present made them a speech , telling them that sup was not conduct becoming the characters of the IU * - tura officers of the Imperial army , and bepge « « them not to run awav again . They promised faithfully to stand firm for the future ; and certainly no soldiers could have been steadier than were tne entire body that we saw inspected on the Champ d <* Mars . —Bourke ' s St . Fetertbvro and Moscow .

  • Citation
    • Northern Star (1837-1852), Oct. 10, 1846, page 6, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse.ac.uk/periodicals/ns/issues/ns2_10101846/page/6/