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Northern Star (1837-1852), 10th November 1849, Edition 2 of 3, Page 4

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    • THE NORTHERN STAR SATURDAY. NOVEMBEtt 10, 1849.
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      ; '::: «*T Omid •• November 10, 1849. 4 ...

      ; ' ::: «* t omiD •• November 10 , 1849 . 4 THE ttrnttTHKRN STAR .

      Ad00408

      BOOKS PUBLISHED A 2 JD SOLD , by 3 . mTSON , 3 , Qneen ' s Head-passage , Paternoster-row . Just published , 2 nd Edition for the Million , in 12 mo ., 313 pages , closely printed , price 2 s ., bound in cloth : AMERICA COMPARED WITH ENGLAND . The respective social effects of the American and English systems -iof Government and legislation , and the Jlission of Democracy . By R . W . RussEtt , of Cincioati , United States , councillor at law . This work explains the Institutions and the Laws ofthe United States—shows the . actual condition of all classes of the people , -whether natives or emigrants , and contains an Abstract and Review ofthe principal English works on that country . This is an admirable book—Widely Dispatch .

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      POPULAR POLITICS AND HISTORY . Now ready , and maybe procured of all booksellers and venders of cheap periodicals , price only One Poor , No . L of REYNOLDS'S POLITICAL LVSTRUCTOR-.

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      THE CHEAT-IST EDtTlOS BVJEB TDBLIBHSP . Price Is . Gd ., ' A new and elegant edition , with Steel Plate of the Author , of PAIHE'S POLITICAL WQBKS .

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      CHOLERA . ¦ Just published , at top of Bottle-bank , Gateshead , Price 3 d ., bypost Gil ., T , BELL'S TBEATMENT of CHOLERA «* containing aR the Prescriptions of the Treatment and Directions . ( The Basis Colchicum . ) The following is a copy of a testimonial advertised by the Men of Seaton Delaval Colliery , as a public duty : — During a number ofirceks we have been visited , to a serious extent with that awful disease Cholera ; and , although in many cases it has proved fatal we feel assured that it must have been incalculably more so hut for the valuable powders supplied by Mr . Bell . The effect of this medicine has ^ been truly astonishing ; so much so , that in many cases it has effectually arrested the progress of this

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      RUPTURES EFFECTUALLY CUBED WITHOUT A TRUSS ! EVERY vjiriety of SINGLE andDOUBLE RUPTURE , however bad and long standing , may be permanently cured by Dr . BARKER'S remedy , which has been established several years , and used with great success bj many eminent members ofthe profession , that its efficacy is established beyond a doubt . It is easy and painless in use , and applicable to both sexes of all ages . Hundreds of testimonials and trusses hare been left hehind by persons cured , as trophies of the immense success of this remedy , which Dr . Barker will wfllingly give to any requiring them after a trial of it . The remedy is sent post free on receipt of 6 s . in postage stamps , or by post-office order , by Dr . ALFRED BARKER , 108 , Great Russell-strcct , Bloomsbury-squarei London , where he may be consulted daily from 10 till i , mornings ; 4 till 8 evenings ( Sundays excepted . ) Orders payable at the Bloomsbury Office , and all letters of inquiry must enclose a stamp and directed envelope for the reply .

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      PAESS IS THE BACK , GRAVEL , LUMBAGO ,

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      aUPTURES EFFECTUALLY CURED WITHOUT A TRUSS 3-Bs . WALTER DE KOOS , 1 , Ely-place . Holborn-hill , London , still continues to supply the afflicted with his celebrated cure for Single or Double Ruptures , the efficacy of which is now too well established to need comment . It is easy in application , causes no inconvenience , and witt be sent free on receipt of 6 s . 6 i , by Post-office order , or Cash . Hundred of Trusses have been left behind by persons cured , as trophies of his immense success , wluch he will readily give to those who Uke to wear them after a trial of this remedy . Hours . —1 ( 1 tflll ; and 4 tillS . —( Sunday excepted . ) Ber . H . Walcott , HighaniFerrars , writes : — "Theperson for whom you sent your remedy is quite cured ; and you will be good enough to send me two move , for others . " Extract from the Medical Gazette and Times . — 'Fortunately for our country , a remedy for this deplorable evil is at last found , and we bail the time as not far distant , when such a thing as Rupture shall be comparatively unheard of , we hope every person so' afflicted will avail them selves of Dr . De Roos ' s skid . ' K . B . —Post Office orders payable at the Holhorn office . — AR letters of enquiry must contain two stamps for prepayment d'C .

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      RUPTURES EFFECTUALLY CURED TOffOOT A TRUSS !! -The extraordinary success ofDr . eUTHREY'S remedy for all varieties of Single and Double Rupture , is without a parallel in the history of medicine . It is easy and painless in use , and applicable to both sexes of aR ages . The remedy is sent free by post on receipt of a post-office Order , ( payable at Gray's-inn-road office ) , for 6 s ., or cash , by Dr . Henry Guthrie , 6 Amptonstreet , Gray's-inn-road , London , In every case , however had , or long standing , a cure is guaranteed . Hundreds of trusses and testimonials , have been left behind by persons cured by this remedy . AUTHENTIC EXTRACTS ASD 0 MSI 0 SS . " We have witnessed the cure of three cases of Hernia by Dr . Guthrey ' s treatment ; onr previous notices of the success of this remedy , leave no doubt of its applicability to every oneV ' —Medical Journal , Nov . 6 , 1819 , " Ithas succeeded beyond expectation in the cases I used it for—do jou think it advisable to make me sole agent for this locality . "—nenry Rhodes , Surgeon Plymouth , CQusultetioa free ,

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      LUXURIANT HAIR , WHISKERS , & c . CRINILENE is the ; only Preparation that can really be relied upon for the RESTORATION of the BMBin Baldness from any cause , preventing the Hair fallincoff , strengthening weakhair , & e ., and the production of those attractive ornaments , whiskers , & c ., m a few wedes , with the utmost certainty . It is an elegantlj ISed preparation , and sufficient for three months ' use willbe senttreebn receipt of twenty-four postage stamps by MUs DEAN , 108 , Great Russell-street , Bloomsbwysuuare . London . 4 AUTHENTIC TESTIWJSUS . Dr Thompson says : — 'It is a beautiful preparation , and the only one I can recommend ; all the others advertised that I have seen are disgraceful impositions . I wish it eY Elmet , Truro , says : ' It has succeeded , after all the other preparations had failed . ' ' ... _ Professor Ure , on analysing the Crmilene says : — " It is nerfectly free from any injurious colouring or other matter and the best stimulant for the hair I have met with The scent is delicate , and very persisteat . "

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      "ALL OUR KNOWLEDGE IS OURSELVES TO KNOW . " MISS GRAHAM CONTINUES WITH extraordinary success to delineate persons characters from their handwriting , pointing out gifts , defects , talents , tastes , affections , & c . and many other things hitherto unsuspected . Persons desirous of knowing themselves must addresFa letter stating sex and age , and enclosing thirteen postage stamps , to Miss Ellen Graham , ( j , Arapton-street , Gray ' s Inn Road , London , and they will receive an answer in tivo days . The thousands of testimonials Miss Ot . has received since she first commenced the practice of GEA-

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      fF READ MAZZINI'S MAGNIFICENT MANIFESTO IN DEFENCE OF THE ROMAN . REPUBLIC ! ! Now Ready with ihe Magazines for Novetnjjer , . Ifo . VI . OF

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      Ma. Ambrose Tomwksok Writes As Follows:—...

      Ma . Ambrose Tomwksok writes as follows : —In the Star , of October 27 th , you stated that the Kirkdale Scholars had left their Collegiate Establishment without deeiiiing it ' worth while sending you a line of information . Shout their liberation , jou will , perhaps , think it more curious . if we , who have been trained for . the'by-gone sixteen months in Wakefield College , should also remain silent after our liberation ;! therefore forward a list ofthe names of those of my fellow-sufferers liberated with myself : —Ambrose Tomlinson , John Connor , Francis Vicary , Isaiah Hcaton , James Down , William Winterbum , Thomas Pell , Nathaniel Frith , Andrew Bennlnrid , Wm . Smith , All the above have served swtoen months . As for myself I was liberated in good health , but I feel very weak . I am still a Chartist , and firmly believe that it is as possible to annihilate the material universe , itsolf as to extinguish that love of liberty , and hatred of misrule , which glows in the bosom of every good man . I have

      received as good an education in the school of oppression as an unnatural parent could bestow upon me ; and I think . Mr . Editor , that I would he truly ungrateful if I did not give them the benefit of what I have been taught . My persecutors snapped all the ties of friendship asunder ; they placed manacles upon my hands , —dragged me from the workshop , —deprived me of all domestic comfort and social converse ; they have robbed me of sixteen months of my life ; I have had the insults , the sneering and scorn of prison officials , —the jeers of those who were tho worst of characters , —hut I hope- to live to see , and hasten the day , when I can return some of their compliments . — Ambrose Tosttisso . v . P . S . —If any of my old friends wish to communicate with me they must address for me at Mr . Wray's , Temperance Hotel and Commercial Booms , Briggate , Leeds . Since the above was in type we learn that fourteen persons have heen liberated . Their names , in addition to those given above , are Daniel Alcoyd , Edward Power ,

      John Smith , and —TomkinsofSaddleworth . The three last named were bound over to keep the pence for twelve months , themselves in fifty pounds each , and two sureties uitwenty-five ' poundseaeh . On Monday last , a democratic entertainment was given in tho Odd Fellows Hall ill honour of their liberation . ' Mr . R . Faribioh , Barnstaple—Tho 8 s . for the Victim Fund was duly received , but too late to be inserted in the list published on the 27 th ult . If jou refer to the list inserted in the Stah , of Saturday last , you will find it acknowledged . It would be too great a tax upon my time and pocket , to acknowledge every donation by letter . If you had perused the account of receipts in last week ' s paper you would have seen it had not been omitted . Long strings of names are frequently sent along with the sub-. scriptions—these are not published for tworeasons : — First : —the amount sometimes sent therewith would not pay for the composition . Secondly : —our sheet must

      contain other matter in addition to accounts of monies received . —Wx . Eideb . - •; . ¦¦ J . Sweet , Nottingham . acknowledges the receipt of the following sums ( sent herewith ) viz .: —For Victim Fund-Mr . Wild 2 d . ; Mr . Tomlinson 2 d . —For Chartist Exectilive—Mr . BnrginG . ; Mr . Wild 2 . A . B ,, Scouv ' mgburn . —Received . Mr S . Widdop , Addingham—Six copies have been sent to j . w . since last remittance , for which the stamps you enclose will p » y . W . J ., Thorpe Hall . —Yes . Mr . J . Mitchell , Jarrow . —Right . . Mr . J . Hemmin , 17 , Portland-street , Cheltenham , wishes to know the address of George White , late a prisoner in Kirkdale . Mr . T . Harpeb , Woodhouse , —Received . ' .: Mr . W . lIauAB , Christ Church . —The Advertisement would he charged 4 s . Cd ., payment in advance .

      Berwick . —The letter from the JYewcastle G uardtanis both out of date and not sufficiently explanatory . A brief ; clearly-written , and authenticated statement of griev . ancesj if forwarded , shall have insertion . : .. ; ^ ' . G . Cavii Received . Shall be attended to . ,. The tATE KmsDAtE Pbiso . vebs . —Thomas Ormeshcr "; Manchester , acknowledges the following sums for the debt contracted for the support of the late Kirkdale prisoners : —Rodmorden , per B . Barker fis . Cd . ; Prcstwieh , Eoodenlane , and Pilkington , per T . Doodson 12 s . j for , the families ofthe late Kirkdale prisoners , Preston , per J . Brown 2 s . Ud . . ' ThbMosdment to the Memory of the Victims , WilIuams asj > SnABr . —Mr . Thomas Brown informes us that the monument to the memory of the above victims , and also to that of Henry Hansard , who met liis death through the brutality of the police , is being built by Mr . Walter Cose , late of Nottingham , but now of 43 , Seward-street , Goswell-street . The following description of the

      structure ( which is in an advanced stage of completion ) may he read with intcrest'by our readers : —The monument wittbe of the best Portland stone , and painted , gratuitously by Messrs . Bolton and Gerrard , of Somers-town . The htight mil be eight feet , two feet rise at the base With a taper' shaft for inscriptions . The neck of the dim will bear emblematical designs , and the top will be sm > mounted with a Cap of Liberty . Diiawings of the monument may bo seen at 28 , Goldenlane . The charge for building heing extremel y moderate , induced the . Criplegate locality to erect this structure to the memory of those victims , in hopes that the undertaking would meet with assistance from the Chartist body generally . Subscriptions can he sent to the Land Office , per Mr . Boonham ; Mr . Rider , Star Office ; and to Thos Brown , secretary , 28 , Golden-lane , who will he happy to furnish any infromation required . Inscriptions will also be received at Golden-lane , nid decided by the committee .

      Isaac Wasos . —The publication of your letter , it appears to us , would do no good . The acts of the new association will be its best defence and best recommendation to the trades . Joror Peahcet—We have no room for your communication The party ought to have been reported to the police commissioners . . ¦ James Lowe , Dundee . —We had no notice of Jaines bow ' s death until we received your communication , which contains no dates . Send the day of his death , age , and whenburied . A Repcbucan . —The work is published at 5 s „ or Cs bv Churchill , Princes-street , Soho , London . " ' Doncastee . —At the recent Municipal Elections the work ing classes succeeded in electing Mr . Snowdcn Smith ' waite , butcher , and Mr James AMred , ironmon « er greatly to the ehai-gin ofthe nobs and snobs of that town ' War . TATWK .-One night , then put . in . tbe banns and lodge in the parish until they arc published three times A Cbabtist , Berwick—The portraits can be sentbvnost or enclosed in a bookseller ' s parcel . The cost of each we wul communicate by letter if you furnish us with your name and address , - « wv . hu

      Ma. Ambrose Tomwksok Writes As Follows:—...

      j . W . R ., Wibsey , and Wm . Axon . —We do not answer ^ fhe ^ space occupiedby the Chartist public meetings , -the Trades' Conference , Mr . Bright ' s speech . & c compels . us to postpone tho insertion of numerous communications . The following will appear in the Star of next week - —Address of Dr . M'Doual ' s Committee , Mr . Walton ' s and Mr . P . J . O'Brien ' s Letter .

      National Thanksgiving For

      NATIONAL THANKSGIVING FOR

      THE CESSATION OF CHOLEEA . As Thursday next has been named as a day of rest and thanKsgiving for the cessation of that scourge , the Cholera—and as we are not quite certain that the ceremony will be performed as it ought to be—it is our intention , in our next number , to publish a Form of Prayer , to be offered up by the People , as the means of relieving them from a more awful pestilence .

      I beg to announce to my Nottingham friends that I have been twice at the Home Office , to present their Memorial for the release of political prisoners , but that Sir GEORGE GrEY was not in town upon either occasion , nor could any of the messengers or officials tell me when he would be , so that the delay has not been my fault . . Feargus O'Connor .

      Notice. • The Papers Of Several Of Our A...

      NOTICE . The Papers of several of our Agents are stopped this week . They are stopped because the Agents-will not pay : Agents who have repeatedly promised to pay . Subscribers who are disappointed will know who to blame . The charge for the "Star" is 5 s .-6 d . per Quarter ; any one sending that amount to the Office will have the paper regularly posted .

      The Northern Star Saturday. Novembett 10, 1849.

      THE NORTHERN STAR SATURDAY . NOVEMBEtt 10 , 1849 .

      Colonial Misrule : Canadian Annexation T...

      COLONIAL MISRULE : CANADIAN ANNEXATION TO THE UNITED STATES . The absorption of our Canadian provinces into the great North American Federation , has Been regarded by all reflecting persons as an event certain to take place . The only

      q uestion was as to the time when we might write it down as un fait accompli , and that is likely soon to receive an answer . It would be going too far to say that the recent legislation of the Imperial Parliament , with reference , to the corn laws and commercial tariffs , will be the sole cause of the separation of Canada from the mother country , but there can be no doubt it will hasten it . However much Free

      Trade may be suited to develope the resources of Canada , if it was an independent State , in connexion with the Transatlantic Federated Republics , it is wholly destructive to its interests as a dependent colony . The British Parliament , by taking away protection , severed the sole remaining bond which attached the colony to this country ; and the cry for annexation to the United States is raised , not by the Radicals , nor the French Canadian party , who may havoan old antipathy to British and monarchical rule , but by the Tories—the heretofore ultra loyalists , upon whom the Home Government mainly depended for the maintenance of our rule in our North American dependencies .

      The document m which the reasons are set forth for the annexation of Canada to the States , is altogether a remarkable one . Even the " Times , '' the organ of the Colonial Office , was compelled , in its first commentary , to speak of it in the following ' ferae ;— . " It is neither inspired By vindictiveness nor fraught with violence . It is earnest in its tone , but its earnestness partakes of the character of deli » bcrativeness . " And having thus characterised it , the leading journal says that it is entitled to " a patient , and even respectful attention at our hands ; " The whole tone of the subsequent

      remarks is in the same key . Iustead of bursting into a fit of loyal anger at the idea of a dismemberment of this mighty empire being coolly promulgated by a large and influential party , the Ministerial organ calmly admits the propriety of the course pursued by the party which has issued the document , in the abstract , if not in the concrete . The Annexationists " simpl y advise separation from England , as they suggest annexation to the United States , from themotives by which communities , not less than individuals , are impelled—motives of self-interest and self-advancement . "

      This admission—in connexion with some of the reasons urged by the colonists—is certainly an ' extremely damaging one for monarchy , and the palliation—if not justification —of the conduct of the Annexationists , suggested by the " Times" applies , mutatis mutandis , to large bodies of people at home , who consider themselves quite as ill-used at home by Monarchical Institutions , as the Canadians do on the other side of the Atlantic . Here , also , comparisons are made between the cheap Government of a Republic and the dear one of a Monarchy . Here the light taxation of the United States is contrasted with the

      enormous burdens imposed by a luxurious and splendid Court—the preposterously large salaries paid to all high State officers and an overgrown War Establishment . On every side we see placemen , pensioners , and "dead-weight " blood-suckers fastened upon the people , and extracting from their toil the means of living in comfort , if not in splendour ; while those whose labours create all the wealth are treated in the disgraceful and inhuman maimer revealed by the correspondents ofthe "Morning Chronicle" in their Letters on "Labour and the Poor . "

      We very much doubt , however , whether a document embodying the grievances of the toiling millions at home , and the reasons why they should have a cheap and responsible , instead of a dear and practically irresponsible Government , would be treated with equal deference and respect by the " Times" or its masters . ^ Ernest Jones and his co-patriots are in prison at this moment , for endeavouring to secure for the people such a voice in their-own House , as would have given at least a chance of securing these two objects . The Montreal Annexationists are . treated with " patient and respectful attention " --not because they are less rebels against aristocratical

      domination , and our good old Institutions , " but simply because they are wealth y and powerful . Your bully is always a coward . It is true that , in a Subsequent article , the " Times '—having received further instructions from the Colonial Office—blustered and threatened : ; but it only made the matter worse . The craven fears—the empty braggadocio—the frantic threats of the second Manifesto , proclaimed . still more unmistakeably the real nature of the bully ; and , as far as the present Cabinet are concerned , must have given every encouragement to the Canadian Annexationists to cany out the policy they have so boldly , so firml y , so consistently outlined in then address .

      For our own part , we candidly confess , that we should be very happy to see the whole of our costl y , oppressive , and oligarchial colonial system destroyed . In every direction the same complaints of its t yrannous , mischievous , unjust character , are heard . The West ' Indies , Ceylon , Cephalonia , the Cape of Good Hope , Australia , and New Zealand , echo , in one shape or another , the deep discontent of the Canadian colonist . They all feel that they are exiled from the privileges of the home citizen , however few or unattainable those may he to the great mass of the home community . They are hobodies-without station , voice , or influence in the empire of which they torn a part . Their complaints and grievances w * fair hearing from the Imperial Legis-

      Colonial Misrule : Canadian Annexation T...

      lature , and are only ridiculed or sneered at by the officials to whom they are ultimately referred . Downing-street sways their destiny , and Downing-street is profoundly ignorant of the details and practical knowledge requisite for governing them aright . All that it aims at is to make them subservient to the aristocratical interest . The colonies are retained because they offer " fresh fields and pasture new" for the herd of needy nobles and younger sons who cannot be " grazed" at home . Swarms of officials , possessingno other earthly qualification than poverty and " family influence" alight upon them , and devour every

      , green thing . In Jamaica the colonists nave turned restive , and demanded that these locusts shall consume less , seeing that protection has lessened the value of property —and Downing-street refuses the demand . Rather than concede , the whole of the Governmental machinery is thrown out of gear , and the colonists are threatened with anarchy if they will not submit to extortion . In Ceylon it is the same . At the Cape the colonists and Earl GitEr are at arms' length on the subject of convict importation into the colony—and , indeed , everywhere the signs of disaffection and incipient rebellion are evident .

      Now it may suit the interests of those whose position or influence gives them a chance of obtaining Colonial offices , or commissions in the Army and Navy , to maintain this state of affairs ; but the lonajide people of this country have a directly-opposite interest in the matter . They have , in reality , to pay the piper . In order to enable the " ruling class" to maintain their places in the Colonies , we have to keep up many thousand soldiers more than we should otherwise have either the necessity or the-excuse for . These soldiers require to be

      officered , and henceapringsaplentiful crop of comets , lieutenants , captains , colonels , and generals . One abuse breeds a host of others . The oppression and plunder ofthe Colonists is carried on by the oppression and plunder of the taxpayers at home . . A just and rational system of Colonial Government would destroy this monstrous system of fraud , spoliation , and tyranny . Let each Colony possess such institutions as are

      required for the free and independent administration , of its own internal affairs , and be linked to the Imperial Executive and Legislature only by such ties as are clearly for their mutual advantage . They will then act cordially and harmoniously together , ' because a free and fair field would then be left open for the action of " the motives by which , " according to the " Times , " " communities , not less than individuals , are impelled—motives of selfinterest and self-advancement . "

      When the Colonists are allowed to levy their own taxes , and provide for the protection and security of their own property , we shall not need to keep up a large standing army for their defence . When they are unfettered by the ignorance of the Colonial-office , or the restrictions and burdens originating in the sordid rapacity of an all-grasping Oligarchy , they will rapidly develope the varied resources at their command , and become infinitely better customers to the English market than they ever can be under the present regime .

      With respect to Canada , this would be especially the case . The British North American provinces would be far more valuable to this country , in a commercial point of view , if they wore Free States , than they can ever become as dependencies , in reality governed by the Colonial Office . At present they are kept in a state of artificial sterility , poverty , and backwardness . The Canadians complain , and most justly , that under our rule—while on the other side of the American border , every

      sign of mercantile prosperity and natural enterprise is manifest—on their side all is poverty , stagnation , and inertness . On the one side innumerable canals and railways intersect , in every direction , a country teeming with agricultural and manufacturing wealth * , while , on the . other , extensive forests yet stretch over thousands of square mile i of untilled soil—and " enterprises of great pith and moment" perish in the very conception for lack of the means to realise them . Annexation would

      dispel this sluggishness . It would unfetter the thousandfold elements and agencies of industrial and material progress which now slumber undeveloped in these large provinces ; and , by adding to the wealth ofthe world , promote , at least indirectly , the material comfort of mankind at large . One feature of the movement towards this end , however , we must again advert to . It is indeed a striking manifestation of the moral and mental advance of the age , that such a policy should he deliberately avowed and calmly advocated on the one side , and deliberately and calmly criticised on the other . The time has been when such a declaration

      would have been answered by an unreasoning and rampant loyalty , and an appeal to the stupid prejudices of an ignorant population . The demand on tho part of the colonists , for the power of managing their own affairs peaceably , in the way they think best calculated to promote their own prosperity , would have been answered by our Government with the threat of war , and the prosecution ofthe traitors who entertained such treasonable , wicked , and felonious intentions . That these provinces will ultimately be given up without a struggle , we do not expect ; but the contest , be it what it may , and come when it may , \ yill , we confidently believe , differ from all preceding

      struggles involving such momentous issues . Unconsciously , but steadily , the doctrines of the disciples of peace are making themselves felt in the government of nations . Men are beginning to be . ashamed of giving way to the blind impulses of passion and prejudice ; and recognising the great fact , that in all differences between nation and nation , Reason and Justice are not onl y better arbiters , but , in the long run , the best calculated to promote their mutual interests , this country will not repeat the fatal policy which led to a vain attempt to retain thirteen provinces in subjection , and ended in utter and inglorious defeat , after an immense expenditure of blood and treasure . .

      Redundant Population. "There Are Too Man...

      REDUNDANT POPULATION . " There are too many of us , " was the compendious solution of all our social evils , by . the celebrated Malthus . The worthy divine proved , to tho satisfaction of the ruling classes , that the poverty , misery , destitution and vice , which existed in society , was not in the slightest degree attributable to them . God Almighty alone was to blame . He had implanted a law in the human race by which H multiplied itself in a geometrical , and not in an arithmetical ratio . Instead of increasing at therate'of one , two , three , four , & c ., it did so

      at the rate of one , two , four , eight , sixteen , thirty-two , and so on . Against the operation of this great law of nature it vfas in vain to contend by any mere legislative or governmental enactments . God was stronger than man ; and war , hunger , disease , " plague , pestilence , and sudden death , " were , in the course of Providence , the appointed means by which the " redundant population " was to be kept within the proper limits . No wonder the doctrine became suddenly and immensely popular with those who sat iil high places—with all who toiled not neither did they spin , and yet who were daily clothed in purple and fine linen ? It

      onerea a complete statistical , philosophical and religious reply to all complaints . It whitewashed all our political and social institutions , and absolved "noblelords " « hon gentlemen , " and other ruling magnates , from aU possible responsibilit y or blame . Was it not blasphemy and presumption to fi g ht against the decrees of at i all-wise and over-ruline Providence V & Of late this vaunted philosoph y has Uq \ y .

      Redundant Population. "There Are Too Man...

      ever , rather declined in public estimation . Its strongest advocates—those blessed with the most unblushing effrontery and the greatest hardihood of ' assertion—hare been unable to withstand " the accumulating evidence of its fundamental falsehood . So far from increasing geometrically since it was first propounded , the population in this country has scarcely increased in an arithmetical ratio ; and by the Registrar- General ' s quarterly return , just published , it appears that there is a decided decrease . This will , we presume , be good news for the few who still have faith in the Malthusian creed . How far it is matter of

      general rejoicing is another question , In the words of the Registrar , The population of England has suff e red , died , and decreased , during the quarter , to a degree of which there is no example in the present century . '' This statement is explained by the fact , that tho deaths exceed the registered births by 104 , 1 and in addition it is stated , on the authority of the Emigration Commissioners , that the emigrants during ihe quarter , from London , Pi yniouth , and Liverpool alone , amounted to forty-six thousand jive hundred and fifty-eight ; so that " England , " says the Registrar , " has now less inhabitants by many thousands than were within its shores at Midsummer . "

      When tbe treatment which " England " gives her industrious children is considered , it is no wonder that they should either die off , or fly from her shores . It would almost seem as if the Malthusians in power had abandoned the esoteric exposition of their philosophy , in order that they may the more effectually increase its exoteric influence . Morbific agencies , of the most baneful and widely-diffused description , are suffered to exist unchecked , in all the great hives of industi'y ; and the

      consequence is / that the people drop like rotten sheep , or , appalled by the fearful fate of friends and neighbours , gird up their bins and flee from the doomed land , which is cursed by the tyranny of a Mammon-worshi pping Oligarchy . The Registrar-General gives a striking idea of the manner in which human hives are destroyed , in order that sordid and monopolising capitalists may receive a large per centage , in the following passage : —

      A disease in which the patient is restless , anxious , cen . vulsed , and death-stricken the moment be shrinks from the sight of-water , was formerly of common occurrence in London . No death from that cause has heen molded in the last five summers . Yet hydrophobia is inevitably fatal , and medicine is of no more avail when its symptoms are revealed than it is in cholera ; but the wise course of removing its causes lias heen tried , and bids fair to create a permanent blank in the London nosology . The cause of typhus , of influenza , of cholera , and ofthe like diseases will not long , we may hope , remain in undisturbed possessionof the earth and air of this city . Hydrophobia disapwhen the

      pears dogs which are liable to become mad or to be bitten every summer are removed by police reguta . lions , so will the other zymotic diseases give way when that putrid , decaying , noisome atmosphere exhaled by churchyards , slaughter-houses , the tanks of dirty water companies , cesspools , sewers crowded duellings , is purified and dissipated . The sewers and cesspools now under our houses will inflict more pains and destroy more lives than ten thousand mad dogs let loose in the streets . They may as certainly be removed ; and yet it is to be feared that many years will elapse before anything eft'ectusdis done , or any such satisfactory result can be recorded as the extinction of another disease in this great ciW .

      That removable and preventive causes of death are allowed to exercise their pestilential influences to the greatest extent by the capitalists , who profit most largely by the leading manufactures and industrial processes of the nation , is proved by every part of the Report . The mortality , with few exceptions , has been heaviest in the towns and districts which are devoted to trade and commerce . No matter what may bo their natural advantages in respect of site , we find them entirely neutralised

      by the utter absence of those sanitary arrangements which are indispensable to tbe preservation of health . TVe do not know a more beautifully situated town in England than Iluddersfield—or a district possessing in itself more of the natural elements of health than that part of the West Riding in which it is situated immediately around it . Yet , even in that town , we find the advantages of its site destroyed , by such facts as the subjoined , stated by the R ' egistrar of that town : —

      The fearful pestilence made its appearance on an elevated part of the district , containing about fifteen orsi . Vteen labourers' dwellings , situated on a Mll-side , without drainage , their refuse thrown on the surface , petties with open cesspools , and exposed to the malaria arising from a flirty fish-pond , which has not been cleaned out / or thirty years , full of slime and aquatic vegetables ; the water for the last few months has been drawn off , and the slimy deposit and decaying vegetable matter left exposed on the surface to the action ofthe sun and atmosphere . This pond presents about 1 , 500 square feet of evaporating surface , and is situated within 150 or 200 yards of the dwellings on the lull-side , where the cholera has been most intense ; every house in this district has been infected , and for two davs before the cholera the wind blew directly from the poiid into the dwellings .

      At Merthyr Tydvil we have a repetition of the same disgraceful story , only upon a larger scale . The district itself is naturally healthy , yet is described as " one of the great Cholera Works among the hills" : — Death ( continues the report ) is alwavs busy hereout in the last quarter 1 . 87 G lives we ' re destroyedviz ., 41 in Gelligaer ; 4 S 7 in Lower Merthyr Tvdvil ; 1 , 023 in Upper Merthyr Tydvil ; and 825 in Abcnlare . The population of the district was 34 , 181 in 1831 , and 52 8 R 3 in isu - , the mortality , therefore , was aW 2 J per cent—higher than in some of the worst districts of Loudon . The most populous parts of Merthyr Tvdvil are well situated on sloping ground , a very small portion being on a level . Merthyr church is 500 feet above the docks at

      Cardiff , Peii-y-Dran higher , and Dowlais about 400 feet above Merthyr . Hence ( says Sir II . T . de la Heche ) the situation of Merthyr is open , airy , and well exposed . Such is the situation by nature ; the evidence collected by the Health of Towns ' commissioners shows what it has been made by the men and the iron masters . From the poorer inhabitants , who constitute the mass of the population ; throwing all slops and refuge into the nearest open gutter before their houses , from the Impeded courses of such channels , and the scarcity of privies , some parts ofthe town are complete networks of filth emitting noxious exhalations . During the rapid increase of this town , no attention seems to have been paid to its drainage ! There are no regulations for draining the town ; the surface water is retained ; there are stagnant pools and ditches contiguous

      to the dwellings . There are no dust bins , no scavengers , the liquid refuse is allowed to remain on the surface , or thrown into the water-courses , which are cleansed by the rain only , The main street—not the courts and alleys— ¦ are occasionally cleansed by the turnpike trust commis- . sioriers ; sonic of the town refuse is carried to waste parts i of the town , and the beds of the rivers Taffe and Morlais ; ; and after a long drought the stench is almost intolerable in n many places , the houses of small but respectable trades- 3-people are unprovided with privies . The interior of many of ) f the houses is cleanly and well kept , the Dowlais Company ly undertake to carry away the ashes of the inhabitants of of . Dowlais atthe rateof Id . per week for each house . The towns is are chiefly supplied with water by pumps and wells ; the lie supply is scanty , and as most of the wells are fed by sur-

      irface waters , it may be doubted if they can bo free from a 1 . 1 mixture with impurities derived from the house refuse \ sc soaUing . into the ground in all directions . Tbe most ost wretched part of Dowlais is « the . Cellavs , * a couecrion o ? o ? small houses in , a depression between the line , of road , a 1 , a cinder heap , and the river Taffe . An open , stinking , and ind nearly stagnant gutter , into which the house refuse is as s as Usual flung , moves slowl y before the doors . The indifference nee with winch life is sacrificed and lost in the mining districts ids , s iu « o «« ta * le . The following is theltegistrav ' s brief note . ote on wj deaths from cholera , 52 from an explosion , 325 fromrom a « causes , ma population of 9 , 322 ( in 1841 ) :- ' Merthvrthvr iydvil , Aberdare .-Deaths , 325 . Deaths very consulcrabljablj 0

      ™™? i e avfaP * , v , nS chiefly to two eauses-. naniely . nely ,, ElS wr S ° i » ° ? , accident (*)> 1 C 2 of « " > feonemnes : and 59 of the mtter- 52 were killed at one time by a dreadful- . wli ^ TS $ *»« tapip . & a coal pit . ' The minersofrsofi flltTi yd i ¦ le ,. " » '"«! gunpowder widcundcn their beds ; they walk m filthy streets through a poisonousnou ; i air to their work , and breathe an explosive mixture umlevimlei i S 2 T ? ' ? if 'J Ufe ' such the uCath of an order of me * met r m ? f „ r ? / S ^? ^ n coal and iron . Contrast thirtthi ii moitaiity from eviden t causes — to a great extent reit re ; IIpSwS ^ * } P . ct ' that of ^ t , ie criminalpopuhitioihitioii 2 l ° "lj , twell'e mr ( 1 hanS « l « 1818 , after wit ,- will h ^ fi vn * m ^ " ' ? ' d ' Earned counsel had pleaded , jurie jurie t tcMe ?™ tb . g y ' jUdgeS had P ™ 10 U "« d Ber : d ncr l

      Thereisonly onepartofthisstatenienttowhicVhiclil wo have to ohject : —that which attributes tba tin hornhle state of things it discloses to "th"tln men ; '' the " iron masters" are clearly % tlib onl y parties to blame . They have sole anduhdun controlled power in the region ; the mo , nice are obliged to live in such houses as are pre pre vided for them—they have neither the meaimean nor the opportunity of procuring , better , bjr , b ] are , like their brother workmen , everywhevwhee

      dependent on tho capitalist for dwellings , ars arc of course the latter never lose sight of t of tt "• main chance . " If they can get fifteen pen h cent for aninferior house , destitute of all deed decc < provisionforcleanlinessand health , whyshoyshow they trouble themselves farther 1 tho possipossii lity is , that a superior class of huildhuildhii would not yield such an interest , and it d it di not matter in tho slightest to them , hm , ht many are murdered in the process of coin coino gold out of the sweat and toil of the- the- ¦

      bowers . "We are glad to find such facts as thes thess official documents ; they yrgys that the crjie cr ; : ;

  • Citation
    • Northern Star (1837-1852), Nov. 10, 1849, page 4, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse.ac.uk/periodicals/ns/issues/ns2_10111849/page/4/