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Northern Star (1837-1852), 10th November 1849, Edition 2 of 3, Page 5, ©jjathst smrlliffintt

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      Redundant Population. "There Are Too Man...

      ^ L ^^ nS 188868 . agam 8 t fte «*** fw **?? , **&*& , w amply justified bv ^ ac tual condi ? on . and wU ^ g fail m rousing ae gOTeminff ewS teapoy , or ^^ S ^ ses from j JWe hope , cause sucn a Wnd SS „ , ; , he Worbng . Classea , agamst ^ ffretehed-

      ^L^^Ns 188868 . Agam8t Fte «***¦ ' ' " A...

      '' ¦ " , Novemb er io . i ^ 9 , r iu ~ - - ^ NORTHERN STAR . * 1 ^ ZZZ r r -J * ¦ 5

      Receipts Of F„ 8 , Ft Ii 0 Sl L Wm 60bpa...

      RECEIPTS OF F „ , Ii Sl WM 60 BPAHY . SHARES . Seaford ; . w oi « t « . ' £ 8 - ° - Kotengnanx " 0 | I £ | £ ore" 0 0 6 WMaSm ^ oil t S-Shore " " 0 0 6 * " * - :: 916 8 * o » j Is & t Ymn ... TOTALS ' Expense ditto 10 19 8 Mathon 0 4 0 Bonus ditto 19 0 0 loan ditto 0 5 2 2 few Company , '" "' •¦• " 10 Eules " *•• ••• 3 0 0 Transfers Z "' 0 0 4 0 2 0

      £ 33 12 2 W ? os c - Dona , " T . Cues , Cor . Sec . P . M'Gbath , Phi . See . EXE CUTIVE FUND . mSESS * by W- *™* - »* lMtaBL per J Sireet & L Cheltenham , per . J . Hemmin , 3 s ^ -X ^ rf i £ f % ZTJ asst—K . J . Bland . Is . ^^ ' - received by s .

      Boos-DEBT DUE TO THE PRINTER * « X ^ - SbintTsI ^ * - !*** ™ - FOR COSTS OF MACNAMARA ' S ACTION . Beceivi * by W . Brno-Old Guards , Kmehouse . ner H . fiuues , 3 s . 6 d i * ChartistAss «&^ TodmoraW 'K Bobmson , 6 s . ; Cheltenham , per J . Hemmin , 3 ™ Td . FOR THE AGITATION OF THE CHARTER . * h ^ f" * - * - C *** . 'WaanborouKh . -2 s . ea . ; E . Eha 5 , Momnoua , Is . ; a Clark , B ™ K TO EXEMPT PRISONER'S FROM OAKUM PIPKINf BeceivedbyW . HiB ^ -MurfeS ner * 552 ? T * <* C ayomlChartisr , W * 5 S { E JSSSUSr ' I « r . D . raul , m , Greenwich , ^ Mr . WtwmbelssT 6 , FOR WIDOWS OF THE LAT E MESSRS WILLIAMS

      AND SHARP . vy , is ., Chdtenharn , per J . Hemmin , 2 s . 6 d .- Exeter ^ r Georg * Carlisle 4 s . Jd . —RetehSlby a Wh ^ -d ! & 6 i- e w W * ^' v ^^ to- . P « Allcock , is . btt ., G . TT ., Is . ; « rs . Heath , Greenwich , as . 2 d , ^^ FOR WIVES AND FAMILIES OF VICTIMS . Becefred by ^ Itoa-Chartists of Sutton , Mr . Eeighl $ y , 10 s . ; a lover of Justic , Sheerness . Is . 6 d W A » ., fcouth Shields Chartists . perW . Giffiuan , 17 s . - Iforl topper J-Sweer , 4 d ; ( 3 heTtenham , ^ e 7 j . H ^ nnita , - J-jj £ ; Glassnv , per D . Paul , 5 s . ; JomiBodey , Merton

      VICTIM FUND . Keceived by S . Boosiujr _ D . M . B . as . ; Manchester ner Ancpck , 5 s . ; Mrcclesfield , £ 1 Ms . 2 d ; ' tKlsSiw BOTj . Aewley , M . jCrownand AuiWHall l . oS ^ -J . Allen , 8 s . ; Mr . Bide * , £ 2 7 s . Gd . "" - """ J , P *^ FRATERNAL DEMOCRATS . Greenwich , per Mr . TTIutcombe , 3 s .

      ©Jjathst Smrlliffintt

      © jjathst smrlliffintt

      Bbadford, Yoskshtse. —On Sunday, Novembe...

      Bbadford , Yoskshtse . —On Sunday , November 4 th , a quarterly meeting ofthe members took place in the Democratic School-room , Croft-street- Mr John Nbrminton in the chair , when the following persons -were elected to serve as COUncU-men during tho nest three months : —William Tempest , Robert Cameron , Nathaniel Frith , James Carlysle , Anna-Bias Etchin , John Moore , Joseph Alderson , Joseph Bnggs ; miltam Angqs , president ; John Norminton , sub-treasurer ; John Fairer , treasurer ; Edward Smith , financial-secretary ; and Thomas WAcock , corresponding-secretary . Allcommupications to be addressed to Thomas "Wilcock , care of Thomas TJmpleby , news-agent , Manchester-road , Bradford .

      Aoitingham . — The Chartist council held its ¦ weekl y meeting on Sunday last , at the Seven Stars , Barker-gate , when John Skerritt was elected secretary for the next month , and Mr . Win . Thornton , ofthe Seven Stars , treasurer . The meeting then took up the subject of the printing debt incurred by the Convention and Assembly ; it was then decided what sum each locality should pay , and the secretary was instructed to inform them of the same , and reouestihem to forward their -respective sums to the council at its nest meeting . . After- transacting other business , the meeting- was adjourned to Sunday next , at three o ' clock , at the same place . Bilstox . —At an adjourned meeting of Chartists

      and Land Members , held in Hall-street , on Sunday last , the following ' persons were unanimously elected as President , Secretary and Treasurer : — Mr . Thomas Davis . Mr . John Jones , and Mr . J "White . Subscriptions were commenced towards paying fie debt due to the Printer . We thank our Wolverhampton friends for their kind attention to our report of last week . We hone to hear from our Oldbury friends , and the other places who joined Ju forming a district when the debt was contrac ' ed ' "We wish to ask those who stand aloof from us , if it is right that Mr . O'Connor should be the scan-goat for their sins ? All communications to be sent to John Jones , near the Toll-gate , Wolverhanpfonstreet , Bilston .

      . Charierviile . —A portion of the allottes have formed themselves into a Mutnal Improvement class . The first monthly meeting was held in the schoolroom , on Saturday evening last , the 3 rd inst . A vote of thanks was passed to E Stallwood , for a ¦ work presented by him to the class . Manchester . — -At a meeting of members it was unanimously agreed that a delegate meeting should beheld on Sunday , the 35 th inst ., in Manchester , to settle affairs connected -with the Chartists lately imp risoned in Kirkdale . The various localities of South Lancashire , Yorkshire , and Cheshire , are requested to send delegates . PfiEsrox . —A public meeting took place in the Temperance Ball , Preston , on the 15 th ult ., when

      a memorial was adopted in favour of a general amnesty for all political offenders . The memorial was sent to Mr . T . Clark , to be placed in the hands of Mr . Cobden , tor presentation , and thefoHowing letter was received from that gentleman , after he Sad watted upon Sir 6 . Grey : — "London , 31 stof October , 1819 . —Sib , —I have left the memorial for the Queen , in behalf of tbe Chartist prisoners , at the Home Office , and shall be gratified to find that Sir George Grey has recommended her Majesty to remit tbe remainder of their sentences . I have reason to believe that he is considering the merits of each case with a favourable disposition to the side ot mercy , —I am , Sir , your obedient servant , Bichabb Cobdes . —Mr . James Brown . "

      Strike Of Weavers At Wasdes.—Some Months...

      Strike of Weavers at WasDEs . —Some months ago , Mr . Richardson , a manufacturer from Manchester , took a mill in this place , and gave his weavers Us . per week for tenting two looms , the . sorts woven being what is technically called plain hacks , and Oihauts . At the same time he told the roes , that his reason for giving this price , was to £ eep them on the spot until he filled his mill with looms , when he would g ive the prices given by other manufacturers . On Saturday last the following prices were submitted to the ' men by Mr . Kichardson , who in a set speech told them that if they did not accede to his terms , he would shut np the mill , and take the trade to Manchester . The prices proposed were as follows : — -Is . 3 d . per cut , thirtv-eight yards long , fourteen picks per

      < juarter of an inch , and so on upwards accordingly , while other masters are givinj in the same p lace 2 s . 3 d . per cut ; thirty-two yards long . On Monday ¦ evening a public meeting was called by the weavers , when the following resolutions were adopted . — « That we , the weavers of Wilsden are resolved not to work for Mr . Richardson at any price whatever . "— " That we who are in employ will do our ntmost to support the late hands of Mr . Sichardson , until they get employment elsewhere . ' Espiosios at the Chemical Works , Deptfosd . — Oh Thursday evening a serious explosion took place at Hill ' s chemical works , Deptford , which resulted in great damage to the premises , and , it is feared , fatal iniurv to one of the workmen , named Henry

      J & eteher , aged twenty-fire years , who \ ras most Shockingly burned and otherwise injured by the action ofthe fire , and the violence ofthe explosion . Jt appears that about six o ' clock the young man Ketcherhad directionstoprocure some articlefrom one ofthe warehouses , containing a large quantity of chemicals , which p lace had not been opened for a considerable period , and when he entered the p lace TOthalighted candle the warehouse was suddenly enveloped inflame , which was also accompanied with aloud report , which fortunately broug ht a number of men to the aid of Fletcher , who was then comp letely surrounded with flames , and his dress was

      nearly consumed . One man rushed in , and in a ¦ praiseworthy manner succeeded in dragging the injured rnnn out of the fire . He was conveyed to the Occident ward of St . Thomas ' s Hospital , and placed under the care of the house surgeon , who ascertained that both his arms were burned , and bis face , with other portions of his body , seriously blackened and charred by the flames . Additional aid wassoon brought to the spot , and with great exertion the flames were happily confined to the part above named . Fletcher is going on very favourably , - but still he is in a dangerous condition . The origin of the sad disaster is attributed to an accumulation of foul air .

      Letters To The Working Classes. Lxvl "Si...

      LETTERS TO THE WORKING CLASSES . lxvl "Sif rl ^ ' anda aaalldrop of ink t ^ HI" ? de , - « Pon a thought , produces BISON . r

      LABOUR'S WRONGS . Brother Peoietabians , rW « . M nces da y multiply around us , that the evils of the existing system „ , bs : establish a political and social millennium by abohshmg afewmillions oftaxes , and diffusing a knowledge of the Hol y Scriptures . " The very efforts of such " reformers" to promote their schemes , end in making bad worse . Movable tinkers of society , they make two holes while clouting one .

      Everybody must have heard ofthe " British and Foreign Bible Society , " established to circulate the "Holy Scriptures " at home and abroad . If cheap gospel could save the world , certainly we should soon seethe millennium , for it must be confessed that the above-named Society have not slackened in their efforts to bring the Bible home to civilised and savagefrom the dwellers in this modern Bab ylon to the barbarous tribes of the Pacific Ocean . It

      does not , however , appear that improvements ( physical , mental , and moral , ) in the condition of the human race have kept pace with the labours of the Society . To say nothing of foreign nations—tho progressive decline of Hindoos , Sikhs , American Indians , & c . Opium Wars , Cafire Wars , & c . ; tbe spread of European vices , contemporaneousl y with European rule , among the natives of Asia ,. Africa , America , & c . ; it may be shown that cheap Bibles , though so wonderfully diffused at home , aa well as abroad , have failed'to benefit the great body ofthe people . In some

      districts religious fanaticism w ay have been stimulated , and a " pious resignation" to injustice encouraged ; but , most certainly ,, the Society ' s efforts have not advanced the general comfort , education , and morality of the proletarian classes . The contrary may be proved , at least in the case of the unfortunate women employed in the production of the Society ' s cheap Bibles . Cheap with a vengeance are these spiritual bargains . The Society sells a rub y Bible for Is . 6 d ., a pearl Bible for 10 d ., and a diamond Testament for 4 d . —all bound in embossed covers and edges gilded .

      I have no knowledge of the prices paid b y the Society for printing , stereotyping , presswork , & c . The binding is done by contract ; a Miss Waikess , who has a large establishment at Bermondsey , being the contractress . It may be presumed that . that lad y is distinguished for p iety—how else account for her underbidding aU competitors in her zeal to aid in the production of cheap Bibles ? But Piety loves the partnership of Profit—the two in union being so " highly respectable ; " and Miss "Watkins has so worked her contract as to prove , in Tier own case , that " godliness is great gain . "

      It has been pretended b y this "lady , " that the wages paid to her workwomen have averaged from 7 s . 6 d . to 15 s . weekly ; an untrue representation of the actual facts . For folding and sewing the whole of last year ' s issue of 1 , 107 , 518 copies , the folders earned but Gs . lQid . a week , on the average ; and the stitchers , 7 s . 3 d . weekly . Even these miserable sums are often reduced by the unhappy workers being mulcted in such fines as the following—If the " sewer "leaves a sheet with the inset down , she is fined 3 d . ; if tho inset be not sewed , Is . ; failing to point oat . the fact that the " collator " has left but a sheet , Is . ;

      if an inset only , 6 d . Should a " folder " cut up a second sheet before the first is folded , she is fined Is . —sometimes discharged ; or if the sheet be turned down wrong , 3 d . When the " collator " leaves out a sheet , the fine isls . j or puts in a wrong sheet , Is . ; and if not discovered till the book is bound , then she is fined the price of the book—the spoiled book itself the contractress keeps j so that , as she says , the cost may not be raised by raffles and subscri ptions . One poor girl , whose earnings amounted to 4 s . for sixty-three hours' work , had to pay Is . a fourth of the ' product of her week ' s laboar—for fines levied as above stated . These

      fines go into the pocketof the precious " lady " Watkiss , who , moreover , increases her godl y gains by not paying for " pastings , " though elsewhere sewers are paid ( a miserable sum ) for that land of work . The said pious capitalist also refuses the work-women access to water , except between four and half-past four o ' clock , and then only to hot water , for which each has to pay one penny a week . As sometimes three hundred hands are employed , the holy employer will , at such times pocket twenty-five shillings weekl y by the sale of her hot water ; or , making a reasonable deduction for firing , about twenty shillings clear profitthat is four or five times the sum paid to many of the wretched women in her employ for

      sixty hours labour ' . Some weeks ago the "hands' * rebelled , and one hundred and fifty-six struck work . New hands have been brought from other parts of England , and from Scotland , who left their homes on the understanding that they were to have from 14 s . to 16 s . weekly ; but they find they cannot earn half that sura , and are , therefore , anxious to return home But those homes many of them will never see again . Inquire for them twelve months hence—not at the firesides of their childhood , but in the streets—the hospitals—the workhouses , and the graves , of this Babel of splendour and misery , revelry and despair . The Hens' Bookbinders' Union have nobly

      thrown the shield of their protection over the women on strike . Meetings , too , have been holden for tile purpose of arousing public sympathy , and also , if possible , to induce the Bible Societ y to make a Rifling addition to the prices of their Bibles and Testaments , and thereby take from the contractres 3 : her . plea for giving such labour-robbing wages , A memorial to that effect was addressed , fo the Society five or six weeks ago , but has been treated with studied neg lect . The Secretary , indeed , has intimated that the Society will not interfere between Miss Watkins and her workpeople . An attempt has also been made to obtain the sympathy of the Bishop of Loudon who thus rep lied to the Committee : —

      Fulham , September 24 th , 1819 . Snv-I hareto acknowledge the receipt a short tone since ; of vour letter , respecting the hardship said to be Son & to poor ' employedJading thebiWes wdrllw the British and Foreign Bible Society , lwiureaa X * WM el wMch yon have Sent me with due attention ; tofdZotseeinVhativaylcanassistin remedying the e ^ con . pl ^ edoe ^^^^ Mr . Joseph Mackey . C . J . LOSDON . Since September the 24 th , not anotherword —not a sniffing—has been received from ' his Lordship , who " doesnot see in what way he can assist in remedying the evil complained of ; " that is-translated intoplamEnghshhe does not care whether the " folders ' and thieve

      " sewers" ofthe "Holy Bible " starve , , or turn prostitutes . What is it to him ? He enjoys the fat of the land , and all his household riot in very wantonness . So it will be-and so it & nght to oe-until the people , having common sense driven into their heads , shall pat an end to the power of such hol y cormorants and sacerdot al impostors . Making every allowance & r idleness , SellabandonSent , and seductions , as causes of prostitution , it is ^ questionable that a preponderating per centagei of the thousands who walk the streets of London have been brought to their degraded position by the system of low wages and labour-robbing returns paid to bonnet-makers , milliners , dress-makers , staystitchers , shirt-makers , waistcoat and trowsers makers , & c , to . And now it is revealed to

      Letters To The Working Classes. Lxvl "Si...

      the public that the folders , stitchers , & c , of the " Hol y Scriptures" are subject to the same treatment , and , as a matter of course , to the same temptations . It is asserted , that this blessed system of cheap Gospel sends every year upwards of a hundred women into the brothels of the metropolis . Thus the British and Foreign Bible Society , while compassing earth and sea to convert "the heathen , " are at the same time dooming their own countrywomen-to soul and body-slaying ruin . ' Oh Heaven ! that such companions thou ' dst unfold ; And place in every honest hand a whip To lash the rascals naked through the world !"

      The bookbindressess constitute but a small section of the victims of cant , competition , " commercial enterprise , " and Free Trade , abounding . in this metropolis . At the East end of London there are thousands of women working for the slop shops , who after deducting the cost they aro put to for "trimmings , " thread , candles , & c , employed in the performance of their work , find themselves possessed of such sums as 4 s „ 3 s ., 2 s . 61 , 2 s . 3 d ., and even still lower sums as their week ' s income with which to provide food , pay rent , and—no , not find clothing and other necessaries , for that must be impossible . In vain did poor HOOD write his " Song of the Shirt . " The makers

      of that garment are paid at this very time such sums as from 6 s . a dozen , the very highestdown to Is . a dozen . Think of any kind of shirtmakingbeing done for apenny each shirt ! Let the advocates of cheapness reflect on the following words of an intelligent , moral , and industrious woman—a wife and mother : — "This poor needlework , in my opinion , is the cause ofthe destitution and prostitution about the streets in these parts . So that in a great measure I think the slop trade is the riiin of the young girls that take to it—the prices are not sufficient to keep them , and the consequence is , they fly to the streets to make out their living . "

      Probabl y "his lordship— " the meek and lowl y apostle of Fulham—would admit this to be an evil ; but then he would add that he could not see how he could remed y such a state of things . One thing I am persuaded of , that there will be no remed y attempted until priests , profit-mongers , and the rest of the natural enemies of Labour are driven from the Legislature . It is written in the book of Fate : — From the ranks ofthe Proletarians must come the saviours of Industry I

      Let no one well to do in the world , imagine that the female slop-workers are the only sufferers . The male makers of " Chesterfields , " "fishingcoats , " " paletots , " " monkey-jackets , " " beavers , " " shooting coats , " " sacks , " " Codringtons , " " Trinity cloaks , " ' surtouts , " " dress coats , " " vests , " " trousers , & c , are subjected to a like system of slavery . When all deductions for

      "trimmings , " & c , have been made , the men are the possessors of ei ght shillings , and still lower sums , weekly wages . One remarkable circumstance should be borne in mind , all tho workers—men and women — agree , that for some years past , whether there has been "bad trade , " or " good trade , " wages , have , year b y year , regularly declined . So much for free trade ! The promises of Cobden and Co ., are being dail y falsified , and the predictions of the Chartists

      are m course of as regular fulfilment . The latter maintained that " cheap bread" would be no cheaper to the workers , inasmuch as wages would be reduced as provisions fell in price . So it has been in the Metropolis ; and if a temporary flush of trade has seemed to give the lie to Chartist prophecies as regards the manufacturing districts , I have onl y to say " wait a little longer . " The fierce and deadly competition , which every year becomes more intense between employer and employer —workman and workman , will end in tbe reducing of all classes of labourers , and a large

      number of their present employers , to the level of the wretched slop-workers— unless pre ^ vented by a Social Revolution . Mark the words of one of those poor men , as written down by the agent o tho " Morning Chronicle ' . "— "We really are the prey ofthe master , and cannot help ourselves : Whatever he offers we are obliged to accept , or . else go and starve . " The same person added , " I'd sooner be transported than at this work . Why , then , at least , I'd have regular hours for work , and for sleep ; but now I ' m harder worked , and worse fed than a cab horse . "

      What can flooding the land with cheap Bibles—what can the reduction ofthe national taxes to fivc-and-forty or forty millions , annually , do for such men ? If they literally swallowed the Bible , page by page , they would still have but ei ght shillings , or less , weekly , to find them in bodily nourishment , which I imagine they would still need as much as ever , notwithstanding their spiritual food ; and if not merely ten millions , but the entire

      taxes were swept away , they would still be the " prey" of the masters . Abolish all taxes ,. and do nothing for the protection of labour—whatever temporary benefit might be reaped by the workman , his career would still be downwards , until again reduced to the most absolute physical degradation—leaving to the capitalist the entire benefit of the "Reform . " The evils of society are social as well as political , and reform , to work any real good , must be the same .

      1 observed tbat " the ministers and gentlemen connected with the Congregational Union of England and Wales" have commenced a series of "Lectures to Working Men . " The first of these discourses was delivered by the Rev . 6 . Smith , of Poplar , at the Mechanics' Institute , Chancery-lane , on Tuesday evening last ; the subject of the lecture being " The Advantages now possessed by the Working Glasses for Social Advancement . " The Rev . lecturer described the present age as one of " a high state of civilisation , mental dignity , and well-balanced political liberty . " He forgot to add that the benefits of civilisation were monopolised by the useless classes , and that the balance of

      political liberty was all in favour ofthe same classes , and against the wealth-producers . The lecturer complimented the working men on their " patient endurance of trouble , and thoir little envy of those who are exempt from their privations . " That looks very like praising the people for a spirit of dastardly submission to misery and oppression ! In the report before me the Rev . gentleman graciously observes that "labour is no degradation . " . ' He adds : " Nor is it uncompensated . In some cases , no doubt , it is inadequately rewarded . But in a great commercial , competing community , it will usually meet its fair reward . " Here is a precious " teacher in Israel . '" He actually sets forth

      competition , one of the principle causes of low wages , as a guarantee for Labour ' s fair reward J Hear n im a ain : " Industry and frugality must be cultivated : tne Messrs . Chambers have informed us of a working man who contrived to save , between the ages of twenty-one and forty , £ 500—notwithstanding he had a wife and family—by acting on the simple rule of spending only two-thirds of his income , whatever it might be . " Now what will the slop-workersmale and females-say to this " simple rule" by sticking to which for twenty years , they are told , they may save a sum amounting to half a day ' s income o f the Marquis of Westminster ? I will but quote the words of a woman described by the

      " Chronicle ' s" agent as scrupulously clean , neat , frugal , and hard-working : — " I ' ve been short—very short , indeed , sir ; in want of the common necessaries to keep my strength and life together . I don't find what I get by my labour sufficient to keep me . I ' ve no money anywhere , not a farthing in the house . * * * * For my old age there is nothing ' but the workhouse . After six and twenty years hardworh I ' ve not a penny to the fore-nothing to depend upon for an hour . If I could have saved I should have been very glad to have done so " This woman never had any one but nerseii . to keep . As regards the work-men I have already said sufficient . Even could the eig ht-shiUmgs-a-week

      tailors lay by one-third of their earnings weekly , they would have to work and save for seventy years before they could accumulate £ 500-a sum , probably , far less than the Earl of Eolintoun bets on a race-horse at Ascot or Newmarket . Informing his hearers that the Congregational Union contemplates " no such Utopian plan as an equality of condition , " the rev . gentleman adds : — " The ordainment of society seems to be that a large proportion of mankind shall always be poor . That appears to be inseparable from a high state of civilisation . " Like " predestination" this is a comfortable doctrine for the " elect , " but not so comfortable for the poor outcasts . If the rev . lecturer belonged to the . latter . scctiOD i he would sing

      Letters To The Working Classes. Lxvl "Si...

      to a widel y different tune . If , indeed , a large proportion of poverty was inseparable from a high state ol civilisation , the poor would be justified in crying : - Welcome barbarism-perish civilisation . " But ™ Poor—at least a large number of them—know the doctrine preached by the Rev . Gkoboe Smith to be a wicked and abominable falsehood . Poverty is . not caused by civilisation , but by the cannibal conspiracy of aristocrats and usurers , priests , lawyers , and military murderers , to defraud tho woiKowof the fruits of their toil , and tho reward ° * tneir industry . Civilisation must advance , but its blessings must no longer be monopolised by the useless and mischievous classes of the community . It is disgraceful to the millions that they have borne with insult and injustice so long . It appears , that at the close of Mr . Smith ' s lecture , the Uiairman invited inquiries and observations from working men nresent . whnn a CnnohmnkPV

      rose and complained that the Lecturer had spokei too fiiyourabl y ofthe degree of religious liberty en-£ yet £ Lth ? P ° Pie . H ? s observations were replied t 'Jf „? ^ mediatel y votes of thanks to the Lecturer and Chairman were moved and carried , beveral parties seemed desirous to speak on ^ the suDject , but the gentlemen on the platform appeared impatient to depart ; " and so those who probabh desired to correct the Lecturer ' s fallacies , were Siti " u mg H th 0 Congi ^ ™^ are wise they will eschew public platforms . The Working Men want not their patronage , and their sym-KLtTft ' *« Messing of the priest pS « 1 Ji f ™ ? ' m 7 Portion of the Rev . f ™ S » h ' slecture from censure ; it must be these words-words which to my readers will express a meaning far beyond that which he meant to convey— "It cannot be too often urged upon the working man , that he mm work out his own social salvation . w .. o « . , L' ^ MI DU PEUPLE . November 8 th , 1819 .

      The Fraternal Democrats. The First Ofthe...

      THE FRATERNAL DEMOCRATS . The first ofthe regular weekly meetings ofthe Committee at their new place of meeting ( in the secretary ' s room of ) the Literary Institution , Johnstreet , 'Tottenham-court-road , took place on Friday evening , November 2 nd . John Milne was called to the chair . Several new members were enrolled , and a number of subscriptions paid in . It was resolved that five hundred copies ofthe " Objects , rules , and address" ( published in last Saturday ' s Star ) be printed for circulation . The Committee then adjourmed .

      The Metropolitan Trades Conference, Conv...

      THE METROPOLITAN TRADES CONFERENCE Convened by the Metropolitan Trades Delegates , was held at the Literary and Scientific Institution ! John-street , Fitzroy-square , on Wednesday evening , November . 7 th . About forty delegates from . the most influential of the metropolitan trades were present . Mr . John Seagrave , operative tailor , was called to the chair . Mr . A . DEUtfohcE ( Secretary , ) read the following list of delegates present , who had produced credentials , and were in addition to those trades who belonged to the Association : —City Society of Bootmakers , White Hart ; West End Society of Tailors ; London Society of Cigarmakers ; Red Lion Society

      ol lailors ; Silk Weavers Society ; Globe Society of Carpenters ; Mr . Bate ' s Society of Carpenters ; Silver Cup Society of Carpenters ; Star and Garter Society of Tailors ; Hand-in-Ilan d Society of Painters ; St . Martin ' s Society of Tailors ; Operative Society of Bakers ; Angel and Crown Society of Painters ; Progressive Society of Cabinetmakers ; Canadian Land and Railway Association ; Friendl y Society o ? Painters ; Society of Compositors ; Friendly Society of Carpenters ; Meyer ' s Meeting of Boot and Shoemakers ; Society of . Carvers and Gilders ; and the members of the metropolitan delegates . . The round numbers represented beinir 17 , 774 . ¦ The Ciunwutf , in reply to a question , said , the reason the meeting was not held at the Craven

      Head was some observations which fell from the magistrates , on an application for a music license by the landlord of that house . The report was then read by the secretary , detailing the various matters that have appeared from time to time in the Northern Star , and concluded by recommending a " hill" to Parliament , embracing " The fullest Extension of the Suffrage , " " Home Colonies , " and " Local Boards of Trade . " Mr . A . _ Campbell moved the adoption of the report , which was seconded , and carried unanimously . Mr . Tappebal moved the first resolution as follows : — " That this meeting of the representatives of tlie . London Trades' Delegates are fully convinced that the industrial , social , and political condition of the working classes have not kept pace

      with the intellectual and moral improvement of the people . " — Mr . Tapperal said , he thought the-- . working classes had not been so active as they might , although efforts had been made foi '_" a century past . Benefit Societies subscribed some five or six millions annually , which showed the power ofthe millions of wealth producers , which power only lacked the proper direction to insure success . Vast sums of money had been expended in strikes ; he knew societies that had expended from £ 40 , 000 to £ 50 , 000 , but the men were desirous that this system should cease for ever . Some had said their improvement was chronicled by the rise ot mechanics and literary institutions ; these Studded over tho land only made them feel more acutely the wrongs under which they laboured , and it was a scandal to them to find that the land would

      support more than treble the present population , yet so many should ho starving . Machinery had come in , and by competing with manual labour had increased the evil , though he thought machinery would ultimately prove beneficial . He wished to see strikes abolished , and the monies raised put to the employment of the people in Home colonies . He thought emigration was shown to be a delusion , by so many in the colonies being desirous of returning to England . The great question for the assembled delegates to solve , was tlie best means of employing the unemployed , and he thought the time

      was favourable for a society which WOUltt bring about the desired change . Mr . BniscK ( Cigar-maker , ) seconded the resolution . He said that the Trades , instead of proceeding had receded—his trade , instead of living , could now scarcely exist—yet masters flourished , retired , and kept their carriages , whilst , he contended , a working man should have the means of laying by a something , for times -of adversity , instead of being separated from wife and children as they are unfortunately compelled to be at the present time . He cordially seconded tbe restAution .

      Mr . G . Read , ( Baker , ) said the reasons for the present depressed state of trade were , first , because they had no control or voice in making the laws by which they were governed . Secondly , by the false doctrine of the political economists—Sir Robert Peel amongst the number—who , by his Currency Laws , had done much mischief . A cry of cheapness had been raised , by which means three times the amount of labour was given for less than half the money formerly obtained . He did , indeed , seo a strong reason for working men to be represented in the House of Commons . He could not forget the expressions given vent to by the Manchester men , when Lord Robert Grosvenor submitted his ' metion respecting tho over-worked trade to which he had

      the misfortune to belong , and which motion was backed by 35 , 000 petitioners ; and men in his trade ¦ worked at least eighteen out of the twenty-four hours—this showed the necessity for a political , moral , and social change . ( Loud cheers . ) ' Mr . Essert , ( Tailor , ) said it had been truly observed that their progress was a downward one ; he regretted to say that his trade was an apt illustration—they were getting so bad as almost to exclude hope ; and without meaning any discourtesy to the gentleman of the "Fourth Estate" present , the Press , was ah opponent—the Times and Chambers ' Journal especially—who asserted things as facts , which were falsehoods , and refused a rejoinder from the working men . Next to these was politicians , and par excellence the Manchester

      School—Richard Cobden m particular—who said , the working man could not answer his Free Trade nostrums , whilst he took care they should have no chance of so doing , niear . hear . ) Bethought if the working men hadan opportunity they would show themselves competent to manage their affairs better than any minister ; and as a proof of the necessity of their so doing , he would instance the case of policemens coats , which formerly cost nine shillings and sixpence for labour alone , they now had more labour in them , and two shillings and sixpenco only was given for the work . When this was complained of , the Lords of the Treasury affirmed that all they had to do with the matter was to see that the things were properly done at the least possible cost . Now

      he ( Mr . Essery ) thought this was had morality , and would apply equally to stolen goods , and tbe sooner a change took p lace the better . ( Cheers . ) Resolution curried unanimously . Mr . A . Campbell moved the second resolution : — " Tbat it is the opinion of this meeting of Trades Delegates that the fundamental principles put forth as the basis of tho National Association for the Organisation of Trades would , if carried into practice , give employment to all who are willing to labour , and secure to the industrious classes a fmr day s wai » e for a fair , day ' s work ( without infringing , on

      the rights of any man , or class of men ) , and thereby lay the foundation for the gradual developemont of a state of prosperity and security to a classes ofthe United Kingdom . " Mr . Campbell said-From the time they bad met at the OW Bailey , he had been making inquiry whether the trades had progressed , and was sorry to answer in the negative-notwithstanding free trade had pi omised to employ everybody ; but this free trade was nothing but a delusion and a snare , to entrap labour , cheapen goods , and lessen the price of la hour . He contended it was the duty of all mecha nics and labourers to set ttoirftew agauisi »«»

      The Metropolitan Trades Conference, Conv...

      cold-blooded philosophy . The resolution related to the rules ofthe "National Association for the Organisation of Trades . " The declaration prefacing the rules declared the land " national property ' , that the suffrage should be " universal , " that education should bo extensive and secular , and that a change should take place in our circulating medium , and that local boards of trades , with a Minister of Labour to superintend and represent them in the government or cabinet , should exist . It was contended that this Minister should have a seat in the House of Commons , so that labour might be represented , at least in a small degree . He recollected Lord John Russell declared that such principles were dangerous to capital and labour , and this

      he gave as a reason for refusing to give power to the working classes . The rules also proclaimed the necessity of a graduated property tax , which no portion ofthe press , by the by , had ventured to gainsay . They had men who were called Financial Reformers , and who advocated a reduction of ten millions , forgetting that this must cause a disbanding of soldiers , < fcc , and an increase of unemployed labour . He thought such things would never tend to elevate the masses , and that the theory of taxation was that of taxing property to find employment for labour . He felt assured that the principles of the resolution , if carried out , would tend materially f o increase the comforts , happiness , and permanent welfare of the industrious classes . ( Loud cheers . ) He thought they should invite the "fourth estate" to discuss these matters in their columns , and permit tho trades to reply ; and by a

      moral and peaceable course , they would proceed onward , until they put their principles into practice . ( Cheers . ) Mr . Isaic Wilson , ( Shoemaker , ) in seconding the resolution , said : He thought it contained some highly practical schemes for the improvement of the working classes . The land . was the main thing to be looked to for the salvation of the working classes . ' Mr . G . RsAn ' said : When their case was brought before parliament , Mr . Lahouchere said , it they took upthe case of tho bakers , they would have the fustain cutters , glass blowers , Ac , & c , and he wanted to know , why not « Was it not better that grievances , should be made known , rather than lie festering in the dark ?¦ He hoped to see the trades , and working classes generally , unite to carry out their objects . If-they wished their successs , they must unite to obtain it . Be thought it must eventually be seen , that property was no longer secure than the producers o f tint property were remunerated and protected .

      Mr . Edward Edwabds ( Compositor , ) said : He could not let the opportunity pass off without declaring the truth of tho principles set forth ; and further , that they never could be carried out unless they were pushed hefore the public , which he thought could never be done until they had an organ of their own , morning after morning proclaiming their principles . It was a fact , that they had not an organ in tho dail press , and with one exception , none in the weekly press ; for true it was , there was only one weekly paper that ever hada leader in favour of the rights of labour . This was then our own fault , for if they only carried out their own principles they might have organs in both the daily and weekly

      press . There was not a trade but wanted protection of some sort . If they ever expected to be benefited by tho theory ofthe Manchester men they would be following a "Willof the wisp , " and if they followed it , depend on it , they would soon find themselves in the pit of perdition ; cheapness meant low wages , hard work , long hours , and small remuneration . He saw no hope safe in the establishin g a public press of their own , which should be built up and conducted by themselves . ( Loud cheers . The resolutimwas carried unanimously . Mr . BATKs ^ moved the third resolution— " That we , the Delegates of the Metropolitan TraiJos , being desirous of firmly establishing and extending the " National Association for the Organisation of

      Trades , " in order to promote the recognition of the principles embodied in the Constitution of that Association by the Legislature , pledge ourselves to do all in out power to secure tho active co-operation of all Trades in the United Kingdom ; and , also , to bring the subject prominently under the consideration of our respective Societies . " Mr . Bates said he had been connected with this society nearly from its commencement . Trade might be a little brisk in summer time , but there was no hope of anything like a permanent benefit . Mr , Fbbkdikasdo ( Weaver , ) said as they had adopted the principles , he thought nothing remained but . to join the association , and to impress on the men of their several trades to do the same . The principles propounded in this room would be heartily concurred in by the poor weavers of

      Spitalfields , who . had lost sixteen shillings out of the pound by the Free Trade nostrums of Huskisson and Co . He felt sure that the principles advocated to night , were founded in truth and justice , and must ultimately prevail . Could thoso great principles ever be made known through the Press , » s recommended by Mr . Edwards , the whole people would be inoculated , and in their union they would be irresistible . ( Cheers . ) This meeting would give new life and energy to the several trades , and no was pleased it had been culled ; its usefulness was self evident , and its benefits would soon become apparent . ( Loud cheers . ) Mr . Gakxor ( Coach Maker , ) said he felt pleased in supporting the resolution , and hoped ouch Delegate would press the importance of the matter on thoir several trades .

      Resolution carried unanimously . Mr . Biksck moved tho adjournment of the meet ? ing until Wednesday evening next , November 14 th , at eight o clock , to discuss the Bill for promoting employment . Mr . Leslie seconded the motion . After some dis .-ussion in which Messrs . Campbell , Edwards , Goddard , Essery , and others . took part , the adjournment was carried unanimously .

      National Association Of United Trades. E...

      NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF UNITED TRADES . Established 1845 , The winter campaign of tho above association has commenced under the most favourable circumstances . Its former successes are remembered in the various localities ; where they were achieved and as far as appearances indicate , an active agitation is alone wanted to restore this , the most successful , and the only rational industrial movement of modern times , to a position of greater importance than any similar movement has ever yet attained . The Central Committee have sent their two

      colleagviGS— -Mesava . (> v & mv m \& TAobscm—on a tow of agitation . Mr . Green has been for some weeks in the Midland Counties—making Birmingham the centre of his operations , and his reports convey the most cheering accounts of the enthusiastic feeling with which he has been greeted , wherever he has declared his important mission . In many cases it appears like the welcome given to one long absent , and whose re-appearance was a thing rather to be desired than expected . The dreary "winter of dangers and vicissitudes which the Labour Interests of this country are but now emerging from , it was feared , had been fatal to the fond hopes which had been created by the first promulgation of the novel and important principles upon which this

      Association—known in many parts of the country as the ' Duncomiie Union "—was established . Amidst the wreck of so many similar instilutions—n Laving successfully weathered the . storm—speaks trumpottongued in favour of the accuracy of its principles ; hence , whenever our colleagues present themselves , they meet with the warmest congratulations . Mr . Green has attended thronged meetings at Kidderminster , Bridgnorth , Stourport , Daventry , Northampton ^ Long Buckby , Ac . ; in each and every of which places , the livliest interest was evinced , and in most , committees are formed for the purpose of organising the locality . While engaged in his lecture at Bridgnorth to an attentive . audience , comnosedofa large number of the middle classes of the town , a messenger arrived from

      Kidderminster , requesting his immediate return to that town , to use his influence with a manufacturer whose men—to the number of eighty , had struck work the previous day . Mr . Green at first doubted how far he would be warranted in interfering on behalf of the men , who were not members of the Association , he , however , rightly judged that should he prove successful , the . effect produced could not fail in proving advantageous to his cause , and if he failed , still he would at least prove the readiness of the National Association to assist even those whose prejudices or apathy kept out of the ranks . After the termination of this meeting Mr . Green with the messenger as his guide , proceeded' to retrace his steps to Kidderminster , about sixteen miles .

      They reached tho halfway-house time enough to save a bed for the night , and finally arrived at Kidderminster at ten next morning . He immediately paid a visit to the employer who readily enough granted him an interview of near two hours duration , as the friend ofthe men , which terminated , if not in every point as triumphantly as the men could have desired , still much more advantageous than the most sanguine amongst them could have expected ; that it was unanimously voted that they should resume work , and the warmest thanks awarded to Mr . - Green for his generous and

      gratuitous services , ' with three lusty cheers in favour of the National Association of United Trades , and a unanimous vote of tho whole firm , to the number of 150 , joining forthwith . After attending several other important meetings in Kidderminster , Stourport , & o . Mr . Green proceeded to Deventry , to investigate the particulars of a case of reduction of one penny per pair upon womens' boots , which had been offered to the shoe-makers of that town . Upon Mr . Green ' s arrival in Daventry he repaired at once to the manufacturer , who upon his introducing his business received him in the most courteous manner , and proceeded to justify the offered reduction by the old . worn-out plea , that to furnish , em-

      National Association Of United Trades. E...

      ployment for his hands was one on chief of hi * objects . Ho stated that he had the offer to supply a large shop in Oxford-street with their ladies work , provided he would offer them at tho same price as was charged by the east-end metropolitan manufacturer , by whom the party was at present supplied ; and this , he said , would not bo done except the men would submit to the proposed , and as he called it , very mall reduction , which would bo amply compensated by an increased amount of employment . Mr . Green combatted the arguments advanced successfully , and it was eventually arranged that Mr . B . should attend a meeting of the shop ' s hands and the Committee . The meeting took place , when the merits of the case was with perfect good

      feeling discussed in all its bearings , when Mr . Green being appealed to for his opinion , explained the reasons which compelled him to decide in favour of the men . The employer finding from the firm and decided position taken by Mr . Green that it would be useless to contend , finally yielded , to the great satisfaction of all parties concerned—not perhaps even excepting the manufacturer himself , who , in a long conference he held with Mr . Green afterwards , expressed himself in the most friendly manner , and requested to he furnished with a copy of the rules , « fcc , containing those princi ples upon which it appeared he was expected to bo governed in his future transactions with his men . His request was complied with , and

      thus was an end put to an affair that mi ght have produced much inconvenience to the employer , and great pecuniary sacrifice to the men . One of the first fruits of this little victory is , that the women of Daventry , closers and binders , who in that locality form a most important element , have resolved to join the National Association , having had such a remarkable proof of the value of such an Association . In a subsequent renort , Mr . Gkkbn drawsa fearful picture of the horrible state of competition existing through the whole of the shoe districts of Northampton . In one place , ho says , he svw a man working upon a pair of bluchers , tens , clumped , polished round sole and heel , blacked and polished bottoms , and the man finding his own hemp , « fcc ., and the price paid for these was two shillings per p air ; and Mr , Green adds . " lam sure thev take

      him and his boy a day to make . " In another passage , he describes having fallen-in with a Jew dealer , who in conversation told him that he took an order for twenty-five dozen of bluchers , at 3 s . 2 d . per pair , which he could get done in five days , and that he had not many a pair made for Is . per pair . In another part , Mr . Green found Wellington boots , ( or something called by that name , ) made for Is . 6 d . per pair , and says , "It is surprising how good the articles are turned out of hand . " This is indeed , as Mr . Green firmly describes it , a shocking state of things , and calls imperativelv upon tho

      active operation of every good and humane man to put an end to . Are those amongst tbe boasted blessings of reformed tariffs and cheap food ? Of what advantage to the poor shoe maker of Northhampton , is cheap food , if with every reduction in the price of his loaf , his labour is to be reduced two or three fold ? Where then are we to look for a remedy to this crying evil ? Alone to union . Not that narrow selfish , starveling nondescript usually ' yclept union , but something formed upon the basis oi universality ; for who is there amongst us who is not remotely concerned in this fearful and wide-spreading evil ?

      It is preposterous to suppose , that local union is in this case equal to the emergency . Let the powerful and intelligent shoemakers of London , look to it , for it concerns them most nearly ; bad as the wages of theEast-end notoriously arc , there is , it appears , " a lower depth still , " for even n Jew has left the purlieus of Petticoat-lane , where the slaughter-houses ofthe trade arc ; so plentiful , to find that " lower-depth of low priced wretchedness in the provinces . " We invite , therefore , the shoemakers of England , to aid us in agitating for a COUNTY list , be it red , black , white , or yellow ; we care not for the colour , provided it is at least something above this beggarly pauper ' s price . William Peel , Secretary . November 7 th , IS ® .

      Parliamentary Asd Financial Reform. To T...

      PARLIAMENTARY asd FINANCIAL REFORM . TO THE EDlTOn OF TUB NOUTHEnN STAU . Sm—I have noticed in last week ' s Star an article extracted from the North British Mail . The AMI , it would seem , has raised au objection to the employment of George Thompson , Esq ., M . P ., as a lecturer in the cause of Parliamentary and Financial Reform , and this because he has frequently , in the course of his life , mounted the " platform" in behalf of the people . Observing this rather whimsical objection , I was agreeably surprised to find the Mail giving Mr . Thompson so much justice as to admit him to be " a very clever may , and one of the most eloquent orators of the day , and also , "that he is as honest and sincere as he is eloquent and clever . " Now this was iust the very description of the man

      we solicited the Metropolitan Association to send among us , and we were exceedingly well pleased when it was known Mr . Thompson was to form one of the party . Acting at that time as secretary ( as I do still ) , I have an opportunity of knowing that tiie visit of Sir Joshua Walmsley , Messrs . Thompson and O ' Connor , has given the hi hest satisfaction to aU classes . We can draw no invidious distinctions as none are deserved ; but we know that the visit of Ml " . O'Connor , who travelled at his own expense , —as did other two gentlemen not of the deputation —will be fraught with the happiest consequences in bringing about a cordial union of the middle and

      working classes . Wo abominate and detest those sham Radicals who , while they pretend to bo true friends to the progress of reform , sow at the same time the seeds of discord ; such characters are everywhere to be met with , and are far from being absent in Aberdeen . But we all know them , from their being long engaged in their dirty vocation of dealing in slander . Respecting Mr . O'Connor ' s character as a public man , we have the highest esteem , and wo know hn will be joyfully received in Aberdeen by many thousands of the people . He was so received when he came with the deputation , and the North British Mail would do well to correct tho error it has been led into . Is the editor of the North British Mail

      certain one of the editors of an Aberdeen paper did not supply him with the strictures which he has published upon George Thompson and Feargus O'Connor ? We hope not ; hut somo people take the liberty to think they were so supplied . Respecting Mr . O'Connor ' s Land Scheme , the Parliamentary and Financial Reformers have nothing to do—that affair is a private transaction between Mr . O'Connor and some few thousands of the people . When the members of the Land Company make good their promises to Mr . O'Connor , we will then join with the North British Mail in denouncing Mr . O'Connor , if he shall fail to fulfil his ; but we must be excused when we say , that the Land Company , as a body , appear to have broken faith with

      Mr . O ' Connor , by keeping back the funds which ought to have been paid , and which would have enabled him to execute all he ever promised to do . The editor of the North British Mail will not say he can print his paper without types , and yet he denounces Mr . O'Connor for not purchasing land , and settling people thereon , without money . The cases are exactly parallel ; hence , the editor of tho Mail must bo an idiot , otherwise he must have discovered this . Is is extremely mortifying to Mr . O' Connor ' s friends , to hear him constantly taunted about the failure of his favourite scheme of settling the people on the land . Certainly the members , as a body , aro lost to every particle of honour , when they would stand aloof with their purse and allow

      this ; for they must know , without money he can do nothing . Writing letters and passing votes of entire confidence in him , are extremely cheering ; but these are all deception—nay , rank delusion—it no money is forthcoming . This has been practised long enough ; and , although Mr . O'Connor stands in no need of my advice , I think he would do well to shake himself clear of a company which has broken faith with him . It has led him into a snare by false I promises ; for he could settle the people upon the land , by virtue of the existing law , if the subscribers would supply him with the funds . This fact is

      admitted by every one , as none can doubt the right ofthe purchaser of an estate to grant leases in perpetuity . We therefore exonerate Mr . O ' Connor , and entirely acquit him of what the North British Moil has attached to his character . The people are to blame if there be a failure , and not Mr . O'Connor ; and we think the paid-up members of the Land Company know this to be true , for they , too , have been deceived by their faithless brethren . Sir , these few remarks I hold myself responsible for as an individual , and will support them—if need be—by farther argument . In the meantime I remain , respectfully yours , Aberdeen . John Siunr .

      Pnonocation Of Parliament.—Wisnson, Nove...

      PnonocATioN of Parliament . —Wisnson , Novem- lber 6 tli .--. lt is this day ordered by her Majesty ia . a Council that the Parliament , which stands prorogued id to Tuesday , the 22 nd day of November instant , be te _ further prorogued to "Wednesday , the ICth day of » € . ' January next . Accident to a Female Equestrian . —A deplora- a- ¦ ble , if not fatal , accident has just happened to to » Madlle . Tournairo , whose graceful acts of eques- * - ¦ tvianism a few months since , at M . Pranconi ' * L ' * l

      cirque , at Drury-lane , will bo remembered by tie ho i public . She was engaged atNordkoeping , Swedw , a ,, on the 22 nd ult ., when suddenly the horse she has was riding took fright , and became unmanageable ; e ;; not being able to maintain ber position . Mull . 111 .. Tournaire was thrown with great force against osH tho balustrade which separates the circus froxntae mt pit . She was found to have received two sencm ran wounds on the head and a severe contusion « n « bb tho right shoulder . AU possible attention ws m bestowed on her , but , unfortunately , ber life » s ias i still in danger .

  • Citation
    • Northern Star (1837-1852), Nov. 10, 1849, page 5, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse.ac.uk/periodicals/ns/issues/ns2_10111849/page/5/