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Northern Star (1837-1852), 11th November 1848, Edition 2 of 3, Page 6, THB LABOUR QUESTION AND THJ LONDON POOR ...

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      TUV . WORTMRRW STAR . . NOTEMMSB 11 , 1848 . " i ^ w —— " ^^—*** fr *^^ - * - **——s—¦* fc—^— ?^ SS —~~ --- ¦¦¦ I . I

      Thb Labour Question And Thj London Poor ...

      THB LABOUR QUESTION AND THJ LONDON POOR LAW GUARDIANS . Snt . -Poverty . we ^ tfffit ^ t ness and vagrancy w * " ^* admrt ot ^ fence . Idleness is a »«« - jKj i i localisation , SrSr ^^^ ^ nmoiisa some pet measure-making pulprt , ^ fSd comSee ? tl * alembic through wb ^ i ^ dis til their sets of opinions ; declaring , with ;

      parked solemnity , that tbe benefit of *» . " * £ - «« , tree interests of morality—require and justify the jnsins to which tbey resort . An admirer of tbe New Poor Law has sent me , a letter laudatory « f the system , filled with assertions about the people king idle , profliga te end God knows what else ? aed , like mo * of the school , le favours me with au extract fwmaBIue Book , lately published , coasisting of reports from the Poor law inspectors , in which it appears that the guardians of the City of London Uaion show that the number of tramps relieved ia 1839 was 356 ; m

      1840 , they had increased to 2 . 403 ; ia 1841 , to 11 . 203 ; in 1842 , to 26 713 ; in 1843 , to 43 , 5 / 5 ; Mu in 1847 they numbered 41 , 743 . I think my fiiend ' s letter of no particular value ; but tbe report of these honest men-the London Poor Law Guardians-is public property . Why have these worthies — -tbeguardians of the poor-omitted the years 1844 , 1845 , and 1846 from their report ? ' Reader , dost thou know the mode of catching gulls ? If not I trfll inform thee . ' The years omitted were years of

      commercial activity , and come under the denomination of what is called brisk trade—the people ¦ were more generally employed . Railway speculations and other industrial causes found increased emp loyment for our labourers ; and the return of ikese years would show a decrease of pauperism as compared with yeats quoted , and prove that workmen were only idle vagrants when tbey had no means of being industrious citizens ; and that they preferred work to want ; and vagrancy rather than starvation , and its consequence—premature

      DEATH . The Poor Law authorities have been most industrious in calling the attention of the ratepayers of fids metropolis ; district meetings have been held , and every preliminary step taken to ' put down vagrancy , ' and which in due time is intended to affect public opinion , and pave tbe way for more stringent leg islative measaies , the end of which will be that every poor man who asks for bread , when hungry and out of employment , will be sentenced by a < juristiau magistrate to solitary coufiuemeut and bard labour in the county Houses of Correction ; « ad this , too . with an intent to save tbe pockets of the propertied classes in a land where bis labour his created property .

      " It is impossible to estimate tbe injury done by such statistical information— if these returns are made on oath—by men sworn tospeak tbe truth— 'So help me God , ' I know not what to think of them—or the system that requires to be so supported . The facts bo doubt are correct , as stated , but tbe evidence is not fairl y g iven ; and if false impressions are made , -because of the omission of facts , purposel y kept back , Kith intent to produce impressions not warranted , if the whole facts were given , the public are deceived —the members of the House of Commons are ^ deceived—false and injurious leg isla t ion follows , ' and tbe evil spreads in illimitable cycles , knowing no limit either in the present or future relations of society . .

      It is the evident intention of a number of ignorant and mischievous men , who either want the ability or the will to grapple with causes—men rich in all the pomp and circumstance of wealth , aud poor in thought aud humanity—to starve the poor out of the land of their birth . - With sneb an intention—how idle and foolish is all this cry of sanitary reform , preventatives for cholera , wash and bath-houses , model lodg ing nouses , hosp i t als , medical attendance for tbe poor ,

      Sec . If the poor most be starved to death , why not systemise the means to be adopted . ? Let the misnamed guardians publish a proclamation , headed Death Made Easy , recommend suicide generally , and Ui the medical faculty , who are so patient and industrious mtuevr labours to remedy disease and prevent death , at once resolve to devise poisons . If we desire to kill a dog , we do not starve him , we drown tbe animal , or destroy life by administering prussic acid . Surely men demand as much humanity at the bands of their governors .

      We profess to be shocked at the barbarity of onr forefathers , and talk of the cruelty of the rack and stake . We call oar Chinese brethren foolish , because they cramp the feet of their women in iron shoes , and necessitate them to hobble about on crutches ; bnt is there any parallel to be found in the history cf the past or ( he ignorance of present generations , toeqaal the absurdities of legislators ? Is there anyfiling more cruel than death from want ? England is cursed with something more to be feared than an iron shoe—she has the absurdity of plethoric plenty and lean pauperism . The land and rivers , stone quarries , coal miner , and accumulated property , are possessed b y a few , who insolen t l y talk of throwing

      the poor on their own resources , and see no other remedy for pauperism , but cruelty supported by falsehood . Sill y men , they will cause their own destruction . A great author , who had studied nature and God , writes , 'for myself , I swear by all laws human and divine , by the . laws of the human heart , that the hypocrite and deceiver shall be themselves deceived ; the unjust man shall perish in his rapacity , and tbe tyrant in bis usurpation ; the son shall change its course , before folly shall prevail over wisdom and scieace ; before stupidity shall surpass prudence in tbe delicate art of procuring to man his true enjoyment , and of building bis happiness upon a solid foundation . ' Samuel Ktdd .

      Celt V. Saxos.—The Irish Hue And Cry Mai...

      Celt v . Saxos . —The Irish Hue and Cry maintains its character . Mr Crei g has lost a horse with ' a while star on his forehead , which is very badly shod . ' Patrick Qoinn' has brown eyes which lost the toes off the ri ght foot ;' and John "White has ' grey eyes which wore a fustian jacket . ' Freaks of Affection . —A bitch belonging to a firmer at Cuckney , Notts , latel y found a young wild rabbit , and carried it home to her kennel , where she tended it , to the exclusion of her own pupp ies , until at last she killed her fosterling by overlay ing it , and she then re-transferred her maternal attentions to her own offspring . A letter from Van Diemen ' s Land mentions dreadful losses amongst sheep from the catarrh , One gentleman has lost it is said 20 , 000 sheep , ano t her 19 , 000 , and several from 10 , 000 t o 15 , 000 each .

      As Awkward Stop . —A short time since , the inhabitants of a city in tbe west of England were alarmed and terrified b y tbe following notice inscribed onthefrontofanewly-fitted-uphouse : — 'Mrs M . deals in all sorts of ladies . ' For two days tbe question -everywhere through the town was , 'Who is Mrs M . ? What business can she contemplate folio wing ? As a matter of course , the worst construction was put upon Mrs M . 's intended business . The third morning , however , unravelled tbe mystery . The painter , who had been suddenly attacked with a severe fit of the gout , returned and finished his work by adding to the previous inscription the words , 'and gentlemen ' s wearing apparel . '

      Political Gem . —Reader , did it ever occur to yon that when the glorious dawn of the mflfenilim Shall buret fortb . upon jour astonisbed vision ; when the p illars of tbe earth shall be upheaved and creation shall rock upon its broad basis ; when the stars shall' shoot madly from their spheres , ' and when yon otb of day , as heaths on in his meridian splendour , shall involve the nations of the earth in one general condagratios—we say , did it ever occur to jrou that , amid this wreckof matter and this crash of woods '—when Heaven ' s last thunder shall shake flu s subtaniry sphere-that yon can smile undismayed o ' er the ruins , . consoled by the pleasing reflection that you once * voted fer Cass and Butler ? —Mississi pp i Paper .

      Fbee Baths . and Wash-Hocskb . —On Mondaj the committee made » special report , accompanied EhWiW" ^ 3151 ^ ' » PP ° rt ° f the insti-SXSr . ^ 0 tt ! 9 Yard . East Snuthfield , for ! «? t ? cleaa Jfc eM ^ onggt tha poor by baths , H ^ S ' Md chanting and purifying their dwel-Imp , without a farthing of expanse to thoss who ^ "Sn ' MWF * 5 ttod » 3 i , 843 washed and dried , » f Wp teduonri . The « " •?*« <* the Baths and Waah-bouses for the past year were £ 294 6 * ., Whilst the expenditure amounted to £ 367 5 alid 0

      . . ?«^ S E ?? *? MoEnEB .-Oa Tuesday an Sffl" ?! . i 5 . T ? George ' s ^ in-the-East , on gs bojj-of CathermeLinsdale . aged ten years , Vho geirt a 8 upBosed , . fwm tho effects of a potion given S 5 ^ 3 o , ?? 5 ? ? «« nc 9 of the violation of £ irn r * T ^ * I ollwed the * d * irastration of SSssEr SSnasstt

      Chartist Organisation. Importanfmeeting....

      CHARTIST ORGANISATION . importanFmeeting . On Friday evening , November 2 nd , an important ' seeing of leading Chartists , who were attending ' i Land Conference , was holden at the Ship Inn , ieelhouse Lane . Mr Sweet was elected Chairman , and Mr t hbelbr appointed Secretary . Mr Linnet ( Bilston ) , held the Land Plan dear to s heart , but the Charter was still dearer . He had iggested to Mr Kydd , as their oficial agent , tbe ropriety of endeavouring to ascertain the feelings of ic delegates present in reference to the Chartist vemcRt . He passed a hieh eulogium on Mr

      STy dd , aad trusted that however they might differ in opinion , they would not differ in heart . Mr Kydd ( London ) said , that ia accordance with his own feelings and the wish of several friends , be had taken advantage of this meeting of friends , representing the mind of the country , as to the best system of placing the Charter agitation on a firm basis . The p resent bad been a year remarkable for revolutions abroad , and for prosecutions in this country . The exciting events abroad had brought many democrats to hast y conclusions ; tbey thought that the day had arrived for the establishment of the People ' s Charter , but experience had taught them

      that the time had not yet arrived . Chartism had retrograded , and some of their best men , men who had struggled far years , were in prison . ''But were they to abandon the cause , and give up the ghost , and leave ths field of agitation to other parties ? He did not want them to build up a character for prudence or the errors of other men . He -wished to lay before them the state of theExeeutive . He might bs said to be tbe only acting member of that body . Messrs Jones aud M'Douall , were in prison ; the atateofthe funds compelled Mr M'Crae to return to Scotland ; and Mr O'Connor was so occup ied , that be could not devote much of bis time to his

      duty , as a member of the Executive ; the funds ¦ were low but they were not bankrupt . He had made it a law that the expenditure should net exceed the income , a nd t he onl y debts incurred , were to themselves for salary . Mrs Jones and Mrs M'Douall had received a share of their husbatidsV salary ; and he said without egotism , that he had paid them when he had gone without salary himself , and should long since have resigned had . he not been devoted to the cause . The grand object for them was to lay down their future policy . The Attorney General had declared their present , organisation illegal ; he advised thac they should fall back upon the old plan ; be dli not expect that at present they would make much headway , but they would form a firm nucleus for future operations ; there might be a speedy change in the ministry which

      would again call their energies into action ; he knew that they would never consent to give up the movement , but Chartism was essentially practical . They had passed resolutions sufficient to change the character of every government in both hemispheres , and they must carry their resolutions into effect in their respective localities . In regard to the policy to be adopted towards other parties , he trusted they would not offer them unnecessary opposition . Chartism was a grand and expanding principle , embracing all parties ; * they must "be true to themselves , attend public meetings , and g ive reasons for their op inions , but reason must be their only weapons . In England , reason wonld be sure ultimatel y to succeed ; however unequal and unjust the state of society in this country , nowhere else had a free expression of public opinion such unlimited sway .

      Mr O'Brien ( Cheltenham ) , moved— 'That they fall back upon the orig inal organisation . ' On his return home he should visit all the branches in his district to promote its realisation . Mr Sherrington ( Glasgow ) , seconded the reso lotion . He was instructed from Glasgow to do so . They had lately adopted the new plan , but it had proved a failure , and they were now falling back upon local agitation , which in his opinion wasted their funds , and frittered away their unity of purpose . The present meeting would save the expense of a Convention . If they agreed to fall back upon the old organisation ; be knew that they would rally around it in Scotland .

      Mr Clark saw , from the constitution of the Conference , that many of its members were well acquainted with the working of the Chartist movement , and was pleased that steps had been taken to collect their views . As a member of the old Executive , he referred with pride to his conduct and that of his colleagues , during the . late exciting times . Prior to the 10 th of April they were a powerful and popular party , and if the recommendations of the old Executive had been attended to , they would not have had to meet that night to deplore their disorganisation . He had watched the course of the

      movement for many years , and be always found that it had been more injured by the unwise conduct of its friends , than by tbe measures of its opponents . The only way by which they could succeed , would be by repudiating all ideas of violence . He entirely coincided in the views laid down by Mr Kydd ; they should conciliate all patties , and make war on none , trusting to the universality of their principles . If this were acted upon , Chartism could again be rallied , tbe country had confidence in the friends present , and would , he doubted not , act upon their decision .

      Mr Kydd enlogised the conduct of the late Executive during an excited time , and stated , that he had ever received their aid and advice . If , during their period of office , they had not done all that they might have done , they at least had done all that their means allowed . Mr White ( Leamington ) , trusted that while they agreed to fall back upon the old agitation , they would throw no odium on those brave men now in prison ; he would give bis support , pecuniary and otherwise , again to start Chartism . Mr Beattie ( Minster Lovel ) , trusted that nothing would be said that would revive the question of moral or physical force , or injure the feelings of any man . Mr Skevington ( Loughborough ) gave a cheering account of Chartism in his district .

      Mr Mitchell ( Rochdale ) , being a member of tha late Assembly , felt confident that their conduct had murdered Chartism . He was proud they were going to fall beck on their old organisation . From the days of'J ' hbtlewood to the present , he had been connected with the movement , and was convinced that nothing could ever ha gained by secret conspiracy . Those who had fallen victims were brave and worthy men ; Mr Doyle felt proud to see the kindly and unanimous feeling manifested . He would not refer to

      past events , they must , forget the faults and errors of the past , and steer clear of them in future . The majority of those men were honest and sincere , but tbey were led away by designing men . They must now re-organise the movement , and prove to all classes that they sought not the lives or property of other men , but demanded protection for their own . Let the friends present carry the feelings manifested that night into their respective localities ; let them promul gate the moral peaceful measures propounded by ths old organisation , and they would raise the cause to its former hi gh position .

      Mr Wells ( Maidstone ) , disapproved of tbe conduct of many members of the Chartist bod y , but still loved and advocated the cause . He would endeavour to again raise the Chartist standard in Kent . Mr SouTHWOBTii ( Burnley ) . —They had mueb to regret in the past , but these were not the times to find fault . He had sailed in the Chartist barque in pleasant and in stormy weather ; he had been often wrecked , but would stick to the wreck while a log was left . The same causes which led to the late events mi ght agaw aiiip . He believed there was sufficient mind in the country to carry out their views without force or violence , if that mind was properly organised and directed .

      Mr P . M'Gsath was preud to see the right feeling exhibited . Many friends said that this was net the time ta findfault . He didgnot exactly agree with this , they most have a vivid conception of past faults in order not to commit similar errors . If wisdom and common sense had guided their counsels sines the 10 th fit I April , th & y . would have been in a far different position . . Since then all had been one waste blank , one huge monument of misfortune . They must look steadily at the past , and avoid the quicksands upon which their barque had been thrown . Violent measures Were not suited to the general

      constitution of the Brutish mind—they might suit tha hot , ardent , enthusiastic French character , bnt were not suited to tho cool calculating Englishman . Nothing was more repulsive to a trne democrat , than shedding the blood of hia fellow countrymen . Their object should be by lectures , public meetings , and a proper direction ef their moral power , and by falling back on a legal system of organisation , to recover that position which they had lost by want of prudence and common sense , lie assured them that as long as he lived the cause should command bis humble services .

      Mr Mo 3 Rlgo »( Swind # n)—" v 7 hen he went to Swindon in 1842 . Chartism was unknown , but now they ** a ths oaly wnini pow « U that town ui neigh .

      Chartist Organisation. Importanfmeeting....

      bourhood ; they ' were not in so fl ourishing action as they had been , WW * ta the , dismissal of many bands from the Great Wana RaUway Company j thevwere , however , attv . in . iag considerable political cower in the adjoinine ; bowugh of Crickhule , where they had reg istered 15 ' J claims to vote . He trusted that the Executive wc . uld turn their attention te that nei ghbourhood , aad he had no doubt tbey would be enabled to wturnaoe out of the two members for that borough . Thsyhtdeffected much good byajudicious distribution of tracts . , tiMc TosBWeroN ( Stockport ) , had always supposed that tbe members if the Land Plan in the agricultural districts were opposed to Chartism , but he was proud to state that he was now convinced of his

      MrSttsoKR *( BlandfQrd ) -Hi 8 heart swelled with joy at seeing the glorious principles of Chartism si well reflected that evening ; ther were ' progressing rapidly in Dorsetshire , and had foand the distribution of tracts a most useful auxiliary . He trusted they would turn their attention to the agricultural districts , and that , on their return home , they would give practical proof of their support of the Chartist agitation . Mr Edwards ( Teignmouth ) could not be silent , when he saw all around breathing seal for the true welfare of tbe Chartist cause . He lived in the far west , where , until late ly . Chartist * was bnt little known : but if Cornwall and Devon had been aa much agitated as the north of England , he believed that it would be in an equally good position .

      Mr Sction ( Manchester ) , assured them'thatChartistn never occupied it proud a position in Manchester as it did in April last . They hid adopted tbe New Organisation chiefly from tta novelty , but it had never worked ;] well ; there were to » many councilstoo many governing heads—and this , combined with the numerous arrests , bad depressed their spirits and exhausted their funds . He must also complain that the Manchester * Vidua * ' had not received that attention which their merits , ai old Chartists , de manded . He believed there should ba one general fund given alike to all ; they were all advocating one cause , and should be treated as one man .

      Mr Tcbhbr ( Rotherhamand Sheffield ) , felt mere pUasureia attending this meeting than even , the oae to which he wis spscia'ly appointed . All appeared harmony and union ; the only question was the best means to resuscitate the cause , and bring it within the compass of the law . He thought ' lbs executive should establish a tract depot in London , and sup ply the country at the lowest possible price . Mr Tatlor ( Ashton ) , wished to point out the quicksands upon which Chartism had foundered . They wire in times of sxoitement too eager to admit members regardless of their character or

      condition ; this was the cause why Ashton had brought disgrace on the cause ; one of the men who was to give evidence against . the Chartists in the Lancashire trials , was the very man who was most anxious to force then into a physical outbreak , fle tad ; watched the democratic cause from the ^ lanketeering movement , the Peterloo massacre , and Reform agitation , until the present tim ? . and wai certain that this indkeriminate admission of members was * primary cause of their previous and present misfortunes . . Mr Flood ( Tiverton ) , gave a cheering report of his district : .... .

      Mr Yixsa ( Potteries ) , { had acted many years in the movement , in both prosperous and dangerous times , but he was not disheartened , they only waited a good plan of organisation . The system of' classes had always worked well in the Potteries . Mr Gbbbn ( Laiceter ) , said they had suffered much in Leicester from upstart Chartism . He perfectly agreed with Mr Taylor , relative to admission of members ; he would rather hare a few men of good character firmly united , than a thousand mushroom Chartists . It was not numbers they wanted , but unity and determination of purpose . Prior to the 10 th of April , they commanded great influence in the Town Cenncil , but the late events had greatly injured them . Mr Jobs ( Newcastle-on-Tyne ) . —They had never

      been able to carry the new organisation into effective opera t i o n they had therefore fallen back upon the old . Mr Scoir ( Lynn , Norfolk ) . —They had received reports from th « north , south , west , aad the east was alone wanting ; thejproceeding * of that evening gave him great pleasure , and he should endeavour to again raise Chartism in the east . - Mr Babkbtt ( Hull ) , and Mr Nisbsii for ( Northumberland and Durham ) , gave the result of their practical experience , in favour oi the old organisation . Mr Millwood ( London ) , as a disciple of Major Cartwright , could not avoid feeling pleasure at seeing this revival of the spirit of Chartism ; he felt convinced that his district—Hammersmith , CheUea , and Kensington—would yec return two Chartist

      members . Mr Monday ( Northampton ) , gave a cheering account of the progress of Chartism in the agricultural villages of Northamptonshire ; he should make a tour throughout the whole ' country , and raise the standard of Chartism once again . Mr Likkbt ( Bilston ) . —His heart was generally light , but on the presant occasion it was retdy to bound from his bosom , so delighted was he at the hopes of the speedy revival ef Ghartiim ; he trusted that what they had that night done , would be done in their several homes , and that th » y would extend the same feeling to their neighbours . Chartism in Bilston was a few months back looked at with contempt ,

      but they had stood firm to their principles in a time ot danger , and were now regarded with respect . That night ' s proceedings had again stamped the seal of success upon them , and if they failed to carry it te their respective homes , might they never again meet with honour and respect from their fellow men . Mr Besilet ( of the West Riding of Yorkshire ) . — Nine-tenths of the inhabitants of bis district were Chartisti , and none were more , sincere in the kingdom . This reorganisation wonld delight them . He was proud to see the Land delegates so strenuous in the cause of Chartism ; it would contradict the assertion that the Land movement was injurious to Chartism .

      _ Mr Fcssell ( Birmingham ) , advocated a conciliatory policy towards all classes . They had much to contend with from tbe middle and upper classes , bu ( received ; still greater opposition from men of their own order . Mr Hoix ' . wat ( of Kidderminiater ) , and ether delegates , having addressed the chair , Mr P . O'Brien wound up the debate by eulogising Mr Wheeler and the late Executive , and also ; by paying , as did many other delegates , a high compliment to the talents , 45 , of Mr Kydd . The motion was then unanimously carried ; and the chairman , Mr Sweet , after an animated address ,

      announced that the sum of £ 3 2 s had been collected during the course of the evening , which was greeted with loud applause . Mr SaEBBixaroii moved , — 'That the Executive Committee be enlarged and made to consist of five or more persons sitting in London , and one in each of the principal towns , the secretary to be the only paid officer , and to be resident in London ; the committee to have the power to appoint lecturers . ' Mr Clabk seconded the motion . He thought it an improvement on the old plan . ' He did not understand that the funds were to be confined to the payment of one individual , bat that they should when necessary employ paid lecturers , and establish tract depots , < fea .

      Mr Kidd entirely concurred in the proposal . The details could be arranged at another meeting . He would draw up an address embodying their views on the motion just past , aad make a tour through Scatland : advocating them . He thanked them from his heart for the manner in which they had respondid to his £ call . Let them adopt this idea of an extended Executive Committee / and appoint as secretary a person of good business habits , irrespective of bis talents for spetcumaking—one who had a thorough practical knowledge of the business of Ina Society , and he had no doubt thsr wonld succeed . . '

      Mr LixNBr believed that to adopt this motion , would be opposed to the motion just past of adopting the oldplan of organisation . Mr Whkkler stated ; that in his opinion the falling back upon the old Plan ot Organisation did not hinder them from improving any of its provwimf , they nurely adopted itaa a peaceful , le g al , and constitutional system of agitation , in contradistinction to the supposed phyn » i fore * system introduced by the National Aswmbly . ' Mr Miichbll proposed an adjournment until the following evsniog-he thought the subject reauired mature consideration . «*<««« Mr Dorw secended the motion . He believed the plan laid down by Mr Sherrington was too indefinite : an extension of the Executive would be beneficial bat the towns and districts where they wereto tore aident must be definitely mapped oat

      The motion for adjournment was then put , and carried . A vote of thanks was then given to the chairman . * ' " lu *

      ADJOURNED MEETING . theSair . ETeniDg , "" * " *** " ^ c , lUed * ° m Mr SHBHBisaroii opened the subject , showing the immense local paw « * would place in the bands of the Executive , by having an active member in each ^ „ n ^? ln lK ad „ iH no , doubt th »* * "WW & SSiW NSw & nd , asit wonld com-Mr SKsraoros had long advocated the idea of an unpaid Executive ; he did not like servants to be masters ; let them employ lecturers when needful , and they would then be responsible to the Executive for any neglect of duty .-afc present ,: if a lecturer neglected Jus appointment there was no court of an . peal , be being a member of the Executive . Mr Donovah believed that the cause of liberty would woeiye a greater impetus from » mmJSSL

      s : on that evening than from any of their HahW tions during the week , i * M Iai pi n « d been oS tried and fowd emineatly sbasesifui . It wis far better to have . * responsible persTn in J oh own m London . They won ! d swn have many of their twnmtfrifertiagtji , MditwoRwito

      Chartist Organisation. Importanfmeeting....

      have an active body , of men distributed thwugheat the country , whose combined energies oould not fail of being beneficial . ! Mr Donovan , m answer to a Suistion , staged that it would ba perfectly legal , as it would be one association , having one committee , thbunh its members resid « d in different towns . Mr MoBBisos .., speaking on the subject , showed what facilities it would gite them for establishing an unstamped weekly , » r monthly periodical , under tXsnagement of the Executive in London ; such a publicatlen dight to rsise ^ considerable funds . Every insignificant society oould have a journal at its Sand , whilst the Chartist body , though possSsoch an amount of intellectual abdity , was Sottt any organ , except that lnvili » bta . aMW » - PC MM ^ ™ I- * h , r 8 twUd such a paper , Ths Ekoush Patriot o » -H « hau > oi Cc-. orBBATioN . vHoh was progressing successfully . The motion waa then put ,. and carried nnanv .. '•"• ... .: _ jt . il : i .-i '*« j ' ti . »« n « l . '« n » .

      Several motion ' s having bsen made and withdrawn , it was ultimately agreed that the Executive should consist of the following forty persons : — James Nisbett Newcastle John Lowrie Carlisle — Parker Old Shildon , Durham Isaac Inherwood Clitheroe James Brown Preston Henry Smith' Liverpool D * niel Donovan Manchester William Brook Leeds George C * vill Sheffield George . Barnett Hull James Sweet Nottingham Henry Green . Ltfceitw

      Joseph Crabtree Dwby Joseph Linhey Bilston Charles Goodwin Birmingham Jeremiah Yates Hanley William Monday Northampton David Morrison Swindon Charles Clark Bristol James Patrick O'Brien Worcestershire John Petrie Plymouth Thomas Flood Bsrnataple James Scott Lynn — Lmgmead £ ruro Conrad Springal Norwich James Page Brighton Liaac Rowoliffa Tiverton - —Wella . Maidstone

      DiVid Morgan MertbyrTydvil Feargus O'Connor London Christepher Doyle Ditto Thomas Clark Ditto Philip M'Grath Ditto William Dixon Ditto Genrge Julian Harney Ditto Thomas Martin Wheeler- Ditto Duncan Sherrington Glasgow Archibald Walker Edinburgh . John M'Crae Dundee James M'Pherson Aberdeen Edmund Stallwood London Mr Samubl Ktdd was then unanimously elected secretary , with power , Under the guidance of the Committee resident in London , to appoint a subsecretary , during his absence lecturing in the provinces . . Mr Jens Semii was elected treasarer .

      It was then unanimously resolved : — 'That the salary of the secretary ( and lecturers when eroplsyed ) , shoo'dbe £ 2 per week . That their travelling exsemes should be defrayed by the localities , except under peculiar . circumstances , decided upon by the Committee . ' ; Mr M'Gratb moved , ' That all Victim and Defence Funds should be national . ' Mr Shkrbirgton seconded the motion , stating that it would give satisfaction in Scotland , where a Local Committee at present existed . Mr Donjvan made a similar statement relative to Manchester ..

      Mr Wheelsr sapported the motion , a nd stated that he had no doubt tho London Committee would resign their trait into the hands of a national body . The motion was then unanimously agreed to , and the claims of Messrs Jones , M'Douall , and other victims , ordered to be referred to tbat fund . Mr M'Grath moved , and Mr Whbelek seconded , ' That tbe Executive Committee form the National Victim and Defence Committee , ' which was unanimously adopted , and the gum of £ 1 was immediately collected . Mr M'Gbaih then brought forward a claim of £ 132 , oh the par'tof Messrs M'Gowan < b Co ., for printing , & o " for the old Executive Committee , the Convention , the National Assembly , dec & t . After some explanations from Messrs Wheeler , Donovan , & o ., the justice of the greater portion of the claim was allowed , and the matter referred to the newly elected Executive Committee ,

      The meeting then broke up , highly pleased with the satisfactory arrangements made , and the feeling of union and enthusiasm displayed by all .

      To The People. Fellow Countrymen.—The Ju...

      TO THE PEOPLE . Fellow Countrymen . —The justice and moderation of your demands is no longer a subject of doubt . Political representation is your ri ght ; and the experience of late years convince us that your success does not so materially depend upon the mere acknowledgment of your claims as a wise and judicious application of means to an end . You desire that the citizens of the state shall , through their representatives , enact the laws which

      they are called upon to obey . In the concentrating and directing of public opinion , however , you have not been successful . It is unnecessary ' to enumerate the causes that have retarded your progress . Wc have kaown you for years , and recommend you to fall back upon the old plan of organisation , convinced that it contains the details for au active and complete organisation of public opinion , and , if strictly adhered to , will place a power at your com . mand , _ which if judiciously directed b y an efficient executive , will enable you to ensure the enactment of the People ' s Charter , as the basis of the British Constitution .

      It fa evident to every observer of events , that all political parties are preparing for the winter cam-P ? H 5 ' . We , too , are ready to take our part in the discassion of all , political ' events , aud are resolved to relura to our homes determined to toil onwards with a singleness of purpose , and a renewed energy , From our political friends we solicit co-operation and support ; from those with whom we differ in opinion , we solicit a calm and dispassionate hearing ; we recognise no weapon in political discussion but reason ; and solemnly resolve through good report and through evil report , to stand true to our old

      motto—THE CHARTER AND NO SURRENDER . Feargus O'Connor London Martin Jude ; . Newcastle ) James Nisbett Ditto Philip M'Grath London Thomas Clark Ditto William Dixon Ditto David Morison , Swindon , Wilts Thomas Saunders , jun . Blandford , Dorset William Monday Northampton John Skevington Loughborough Robert Ryder Bradford Joseph Scott :.. Lyim , Norfolk William Brooke Accrington , Lancashire William Henry Hyatt Bristol Isaac IsheVwood Ciitheroe James Alfred Fusiell Birmingham Benjamin Southworth Burnley John Aequith Boltoui

      James W . Bolton Banbury Edward Mitchell - Rochdale James Sweet Nottingham ( chairman ); John Sutton Manchester Daniel Donovan Ditto James Millwood London John Tamer Rotherhara Thomas Wells - Maidstone John White Leamington Henry Green Leicester Patrick Joseph O'Brien Lowbands , Redmarloy James Edwards Teignmouth , Devon Thoma s Flood . Barnstaple and Tiverton James Torkington Stockport . James Taylor Ashton Thomas Martin Wheeler O'Connorvilie George Barnett Hull Duncan Sherrington Glasgow Samuel Kydd London

      Arsok Ik Thb Cut.—A Wabbhousb M Bbbad Si...

      Arsok ik thb Cut . —A Wabbhousb m Bbbad Sirbbi Wilfdlly Fibbd . —On Monday afternoon Mr W . Payne , the City coroner , resumed at the Gerard ' s Hall , Basing Lane , City , the investigation adjourned from Saturday fortnight last , into the cause of a fire , on the premises of Mr Anstey , silk and shawl warehouseman , No . 60 , Bread Street , Cheapside . From the evidence it did not appear that there wa g anything to cause spontaneous combustion . The stock was insured in the Royal Exchange for £ 1 , 500 , while the value of that found after the fire was £ C 00 , Mr Anstey stating that he

      had more geods sometimes than at others . The jury , after deliberating a short time with closed doors , returned a verdict of'That the fire was wilfully caused by some person or persons unknown , ' - Firks . —On Saturday night last , the premises of Mr C . Weston , grooer , of Blenheim Terrace , Chelsea , together with the stock in trade , furaitnre , djo ., were destroyed by fire , the inmates who had retired to bed , havhJg escaped with some difficulty .-On the same night a fire broke out on the premises of Mr Hitchins , tailor , 148 , Regent Street , by which they were much injured , and a considerable portion of the stock in Joide , & c , destroyed , Both patties wwemwed ,

      A Vo I Ce From America , Addibbbed To A ...

      A VO I CE FROM AMERICA , ADDIBBBED TO A VHUKD IK EKGIARD , Sp Ing L » k <" , Mukwon ag o , Wisconsin , Sep t ember 2 1 t h , 1818 . Mr dub Fbibhd , —Having put togitber a few thoughts connected with the Interests of my political and social friends in England , inggested by your Isst , I forward t h o rn t o you , with a request that yon will dispose of them in any way yoa may detm expedient , I find by the nawopap & re of England , tha t t he middle classes , headed by Home andOobden , have taken the field tm favour of a moderate reform in Parliament , nod that they have sustained a defeat in the Commons . T h is will be a n a nnua l j ob , and In aboat five year * , I eoppoae , they will carry the queitton . I slacarelj hone that the Chartists , and industrial classes Ingenws ) , will not allow themrelves to b « deceived by the middle olasser , by taking part in th's new agitation , bat that they will a vmrtH FROM AMERICA .

      prove trne to their own principles . Lord John Russell and hie party are as favourable to the movement at the leaders themselves , as the very existence of the Whlga as a party depend upon its success , and Finality John will declare in favour of it as soon as be shall tee the steam well up . The political power of England is now completely in tbe hands ef tbe Tories—and tbe Whigs , seeing the error tbey havo committed in the late R » forra Bill , by not protecting the voters against the inflates of Tory wealth , are now patting out their feelers , in order to rectify that blander , none of the party having tbe least deaire to extend the liberties of the working portion of tbe community . The middle classes are the slaves of the classes above them , Sordid in h e ar t , and grovel . Itn g in mind , they have ever baen the ready tools of the aristocracy , and are therefore , unworthy of the oonfidetoe of the working classes , whose object is to bring aboat a state of society in which justice shall be done to all .

      Will the Chartists ; and the working classes generally , allow a plala man to give them a little plaia aOvice as to what they ought to do for the future f Much as I prize tbe Charter as an Instrument for conferring en the people political power , I tbink it a matter of far greater Importance tbat the minds of its supporters should bs thoroughly informed aa te the me they ou g h t to make of t ha t power when obtained . T h ere are a g rea t number of hi ghly intelligent men amongst the working classes of England , who would doubtUes make a proper u » e ot the franchhelfthay had It ; bnioi what avail wonld be the votes gives by them In the right direction , white the great mass pf their fellow Iaboarers are Ignorant ot their rights , and of the causes which

      have pro laced the evils of which they so bitterly complain 1 I feel It Incumbent upon me to say , that , in the present state of mind of the masses of Eogland , it wonld ba of little use to confer upon them tho franchise . In saying this , however , I am not actuated by the motives which gtvera thoss who withhold from the people their rights , and who make the ignorance of the masses a pretext for doing so . Oa the contrary , I would g ive t he franchise to the paopl * to-morrow , Ignorant as tbey generally are , rather .. than allow the prasent Iniquitous system to go on , hemic I should feel well satisfied that the honent ignorance of the masses would be less productive of evil than the designing vlllany of the few who oppress them .

      The people of the United States have been In the pos . session of tho Charter for more than seventy years , and daring that tlms , through the lauaeuee of wealth , tho working population of this « Modal Republic * h a s been gradually undergoing a deterioration of circumetsnees ' ; aad wero It not for the vast number of unoccupied acres at the command of those who have been fortunate enough to save money to purchase them , their condition . wonld be little better than ' that of the people under the despot i s ms of Europe , This state of things , recoll e c t , exists among a people who have all the political power yoa are seeking for , and have only to oast their votes into tho ballot box for men whom they can compel to pledge thorn , selves to enact sush laws as will remove the evils which afflict them . Hitherto , however , this power hat

      only been used to advance the interests of the parties into which this country is divided , whic h in t eres t s , as la England and ever y wh e re els e , are ia dirsct opposition to those of the mass of tho people , All this arises from tha profound Ignorance of the people BS to the measures best calculated to rulleve them . In proof of this , I may mention that the Conventionappointed to frame a const ! , tutlon for . this new State of Wisconsin , pmentod on * 'o the people of atrulj liberal character , la December , 1816 . The merits of this document wore discussed at numerous meetings , held throughout tha territory , and t be r ea l friends of liberty defended it everywhere ; but all to no

      purpose . At the ballot-box ,, a . great majority were fonqd to be against it ,... Subsequently , another Convention was held , and another constitution framed , from which all the good of the old was carefully excluded . This document was strongly opposed by the true friends of the people ; but the votes in the ballot-bos prevailed a g ains t t hem , and this meagre thing is now the funda < mental document of this . new State . Here we have proof that the possession of the franchise , without the knowledge how to use it , may , in some instances , even retard the progress of liberty by the votes of the more intelligent beiag nuUlflsd by those of the masses who are too ignorant to think for themselves .

      My object in making this statement , is not to p la y In t o the bands of the enemies of the people , bat rather to spnr them on to acquire a knowledge of th » lr social tights , in order thtt tbe Charter—when tbey shall obtain it—may not remain in their hands a dead letter , aa it his been for more than seventy years in those of the people of this country , whoso poverty has been on the increase every year since the declaration of Independence . When the people achieved their political liberty , they naturally ezpsoted it would have been succeeded by an extensive social amelioration , Juat the reverse has taken place . And why ! Because the people knew not the cause of their sufferings , and were unprepared to dea & hd a specific remedy . Think nf this , my friend—seventy yean of suffering , with the possession of all political power daring that timo ! Bat there is no power equal to knowledge . L ? t the people be instructed in this and they will ba safe through all time .

      F o r sever a l y e a rs p ast , an asso c ia t ion has existed in this country , having for its object tho freedom ef tho public lands , lands limitation , an exemption of the homestead , dso . This association had its origin amongst some of the advanced minds of New York , vtho clearly saw that this Republic is based upon the sarao fundamental errors , as are the institutions of the Old World , and that the same train of evils is flowing , and must contlnne to flow , from a like corrupted eonrce . During their existence as an association , they have carried on a successful war against the corrupt institutions of this Republic , by bringing over a great number of converts to t heir views . This they have done by means of the press , lectures , public discussions , & o ,, and t heir p rinci p les have everywhere been found to be unassailable . Tho

      organ of the party , Touko Aueeica , published at New York , is conducted by Mr O . H . Evans , a man of great talent and uncompromising in principle . Oae of the lecturers of the cssoclation , Mr H . H , T a n Amringe , was in Wisconsin for several months last wiater , and daring his stsy amongst us completely rovolationised the minds of the more intelligent portion ef the psople oa the subject of lend reform , of which I have had ample proof in my intercourse with them at the various pnblio meetings I have attended . So deep has been the conviction produced in the leading minds of tho Slate , that our legislat ure which is considerably in advance of tbe p e ople , bse already declared itself in favour of tbe leading principles of the Agrarian Reformers , and has passed an act fer a liberal homestead exemption , as you will find In Young

      A mbbic a for August 19 ta , whic h I have sent you . W h en I came to Wisconsin , five years ago , the principles of tho Agrarian Reformers were totally unknown * That warmhearted , bsnevolent , and highly-talented man , Mr Van Amringe , In connexion with a few UBnlnohlng Reformers , who bad imbibed his principles , have wrought a chan g e here , which I trust will soon take place ia every part of the world . In that paper , you will also find the oopy of a bill for Land Limitation , which is now before our State Legislature , This is a measure of more importance than any other , as it involves the q u esti on of Land Mon o pol y , that great curse of every nation on the face of tbe earth . This State bas also instructed her delegates in Congress to advocate the freedom of tbe Public Lsads .

      I have also sent you Yooko Ambbioa of 5 th August , in wbieh yoa will find the Address of the Committee of ths Industrial Coagress to . the Chartists and Rspealers of Great Britain and Ireland , the National As-S'mbly and Citizens of France , and the Republicans and Liberals of Europe . * You will find this document of great interest , as it explains the views of tbe National Reformers ; and I trust that means will be taken to circulate it extensively throughout England and Iroland , that tho people may bs made to understand their rights , and , understanding them , be prepared to insist Ufon tho adoption of measures calculated to afford them permanent relief whenever they shall be -called upon

      to exorcise the franchise , for which the Chartists have been fo long contending ; and there is no telling how soon that period may enive , events succeed each other so rap idly in our times , Oa that great occasionwhenever it shall arrive—let not the British people be found in the situation of tho people of France—ignorant of their rights / unprepared with tangible measures of relief , and , conse q uen tly , compelled to trust to the vague promises of men whose interest It was to deceive and betray them , which has been the result of three successive struggles in the cause of liberty—struggles with , out a parallel in the annals of heroism and selfde . votlon .

      Let the Chartists of England and the Repealers of Ireland , while they fraternise with each other in their endeavours to obtain tholr political rights , apt neglect tho important duty they owe to their unenlightened br « t br e n , v . ' z . —tbat of opening their minds to a knowledge of well matured plans of relief , at tho samo time showing them the necessity of voting for no man who shall refuse to pledge himself to originate or support the fundamental measures agreed upon by a majority of thoso with whom they are connected—such measures , simultaneously with tbe Charter and the Ropeal of tbe Union , ought to be kbpt constantly before tno minds of the working classes , In tho newspapsrs and other perlodloals devoted to their interests , lu otd « that ths measures may be fully and . freely discussed .

      Fer the reasons I have tflven , I call upon the Repealers and Chartists to give their earnest attention to the address of the committee of the Industrial Congress , as

      A Vo I Ce From America , Addibbbed To A ...

      containing measures ef reform forced upon a pesple wnft have been in possession of political liberty for more than seventy years ; they will find the rights of man and tha rights of labour vindicated in a trntfafal spirit , and thsmost powerful arguments supports * by orthodox sutho . rity , in favour of the natural right of man to a portion of tbe soil on Which he was brought into existence , or on whatever part of the earth he ; may choese to live . j } e . prlved of this right he ceases to be iadependent , and tha continuance of life itself becomes a matter of fsronr ont of this deprivation has arisen that vast commoiioa which is now shaking Europe to its centre , and a health . ful peace will never be restored amongst mankind , until every human being shall be in possession of his natnrsl rights . contalnlnir measures of reform forced unon a nssnio-i ..

      To gtva jou some idea of what U passing In the minds of the people of this republic , who ought fo ba the most happy people on tbe earth , seeing that they possess the power of m * k ' ng themselves so , and havin g n e i t her a * Lord John * nor a ' S : r Robert * to veto that power I Shall quete from tbe' Spirit of Freedom , ' the preamble and some of tho resolutions passed at the National Reform Convention , held a t Cleveland , Ohio , on the 17 th ef Kay last . ' M a n l ives , therefore he has a right to lire . 'The r ight to lira Involves and Includes the ri ght to the means of sustaining life . ' There is no known means of sustaining life but from the soil ; hence , the monopoly of the 6 » ll—of the means of sustaining life — is equal to the monopoly ef life itself .

      Therefore'I . Resolved , that tbe monopoly of the soil Includes within it tbe enthralment of the tiller of tbe soil , or , in ether words , that the foundation of land monopoly was tbe foundation of chattel slavery , and now involves con . sequences worse than it , ' 2 . Resolved , that though the revolution of ' 76 gave tbe Americans tbe liberty to rote , tbey have not yet voted for liberty . " ' 8 . Resolved , that a free soil is the foundation of all liberty . 1 . Resolved , that with a monopolised soil , our socalled free institutions are a mockery . A landless man can n o t be free /

      Then follow a number of resolutions , urging the people to vote for such men only as will prove true to the principtes they advocate , the Convention having no confidence is the two great parties—Democrats and Whigs—their issues being only calculated to lead from the true object , and to secure the triumph of that party most skilled in political gambltnr . Such are the feelings of the individuals composing the leading patties in this country . I rejoice tbat the people are at length awakening to a truo sense of their position , and that measures not m « n will shortly be the order of the day . They are beginning to see that patty is the madness of many for the gain of tha few ; and that the people have ever been led from tho true ol jot by politic si ( ramblers .

      If tho Chartists and Repealers will tarn their attention to the vltol question of Land Monopoly , I am quite sstls-8 ed that they cannot do otherwise than adopt tbe prinCU pies of the National Reformers of this country , 10 forolWs set IWh In the address of the committee of the Indus , trial Congress . Ia that case their system will assume something like the following form : — 1 . The Casrtcr for England , 2 . Ra pe al of t he Union , wtthan Irish parliament eaued together upon the principles of tbe Esgllsh Charter ; and simultaneously with these political reforms they will demand— .

      3 . National Education , as the best means of securing to the people their political and social rights . 4 . The freedom of the pnblio lands to actual settlers , 5 . Aa ersmptioB of the homestead from forced sale , 6 . Land limitation , by which co individual would pos . ' sees moro than a certaia amount of land , to be ascertained by a comparison of tbe ares of a coonfry frith ItB population . Tbese are the questions of all others the most nnpah . table to the governing powers all over the world , and X hope they will be prosecuted with vigour to their fullandl permanent recognition . Feargus O'Connor has touched the sore place In his L * nd Scheme , and onl y teuched I t bat he has dene enough to draw from their kennels all the rabid animals who fatten en the labour of others . I

      hope he will lose no time Jn making good the thrust , which 16 nd in a leading article of the Nobthebh Star . for the 15 th July last , and which fo conveyed to the pnb . Uo in t h e se forc i ble word s : Landlords , monopolists , and profit-mongers would do well to consider whether tho recent trials may mot have done much to enlarge the ob j ects of p opw ' -ar agitation , the' Charter and no Snrren . der was tha motto of the men just sentenced to a Ion ; a nd c ruel Incarceration . Another motto , more terrible to the usurpers of political power and the monopolisers of the wealth produced by other men ' s labou r , may era long be th » rallying : cry of the oafraged millions . ' If F < mrgns O'Connor will incorporate the freedom of the public lands with his agitation for the Charter , bis aglta * tion will assume a character that mast forcibly reoom . mend it to the enslaved millions . His Land Scheme i »

      very good ao far as It goes , but Its range Is too limited- * in consequence of the extreme poverty of the people , ib can never reach the gigantic evils which beset those whose pressing necessities demand a more easily attain * able measure of relief . Basides , why should the people pay for that which of right belongs to them t Thepeople have . a . right to a fair shsro of the soil , and na mania better qualified than Feargus O'Connor , ei t her by tal en t or moral courage , to put them fn the right way te > obtain ft ; and I sincerely hope that he will bead the energies of his superior mind in that direction , regardless of the scoff * of those who would fain drive him from * the path which must sooner or later lead to the people ' s redimptlcn . The felon or trath . speaking press has been p at down in Ireland , and the day may . soen come when 16 shall be pat down ia England also ; the land-stealingpress will then have It all its own woy ; and the minds of the people will continue to be abused as heretofore .

      . It has given me great pleasure to find that Feargu * O ' Connor has taken no part in the late disturbances ia Ireland—the government would ^ have been too glad to have found him in arms against it ; bat his life and ser . vices are ressrved for better uses ; He knew the people of England and Ireland were unprepared to resist the tremendous power of the government , backed as it was by the upper and middle classes . He therefore relies on the potency of moral force , and as u moral-force man I hope the Chartists will give him their entire confidence . If they do , he will bring them triumphantly through their difficulties . Yours , in the cause of the people , Thomas Hurt .

      * Wehave This Address , And Notwithstand...

      * Wehave this address , and notwithstanding its great length , shall endeavour to una rood for U In the Sjix , ¦ w £ l > . iV ,

      Gardening Operations For November, ( Fro...

      GARDENING OPERATIONS FOR NOVEMBER , ( From the Midland Florist ) Hyacinths mast be planted this month . A first-rate compost ia given by the late Hon . and R * v . Mr Herbert , in the fourth volume of The Transactions of the London HortiaMwal Sotie ' y , As we hope many of our readers will try to grow this very beautiful and interesting flower , we give it for their especial benefit . One third coarse rlv ( -r sand ; one-third rotten cow dung , without any strew nr litter mixed with it ; and one-third leaf mould . The bed is formed by removing the soil to the depth of two feet , and filling in with the above compost .

      In the open air , much requires te be done ; in faot there are few garden operations which may not be performed with propriety now . Pruning of tvery kind . Where standard apple trees have made large busby tops * full of spray or small branches , use the saw freely —( anarrow . bladed one , called a pinning saw , is best )—make the tree hollow in the centre , give It air—allow the sua to see the inside , as well as ths outside . By this plan , the fruit Will be larger , belter flavoured , and handsomer . Many people ara ind'fttrent about ( bis ; but we say tothem , set aboat it , and we will guarantee Increased produce .

      Gooseberry and currant trees may be pruned . Some persons defer It to a later period , bat we say now ; for what little sap Is on the move , will heal tho wound , Alo p t t ho sum s p lan as wi t h t he a pp le tree , exce pt t hey ere grown en pyramids , which is the far better plan . If the shoots of the currant trees wero pinched at midsummer , the buds round tho lower part will be found plump and promising . The shoot may now be cat back to these buds . Those that are trained to walls should also be cut in , fn the same manner . Strawberries an perhaps best left alone for the pro * sent . Runners may be taken off , and planted out ; but if the old leaves are left on tbe plant , they protect the bad , or heart , during severe weather .

      Raspberries . — Of this favourite fruit , the Yellow Maflnom Bonum is one ef the best flavoured ; and Corn , wall's Victoria , remarkable for Us besmyand produot-IvanflBl . It a very desirable red . Raspberries are fond of highly manured land . Cut out the dead portions , and train the current year ' s shoots so that they may be welt exposed to light and air ; and by no means leave more than three canes to a stool , or roo t . Transplanting of every k ' nd may now be persevered in , " 1 whilst the weather isoppn . In removing trees , take care o f t he roots . Some people get them up as If fibres were of no censequenae . Attend to roet-pruning , as directed in the present number .

      Po t a t oes —The disease is yet a mjitery . Oa Zt $ san dy soils they oppear to have escaped best . Oa oat cold retentive land , we have suffered severely . The Flour Ball has been wonderfully productive this year ; and its flavour and character , with cooks and the pnblio g eneral ly , is unexceptionable . Do not hill potatoes , tf it can bs avoided j rather store them in a bsrnj well surrounded with straw . Lofts , over stables , or cow-houses , would not bs bad places . The heat ei the animals would keep off frost in a grtat degree * We pulled off tbe tops of one rood of Flocr Balls , and left those of another rood on . Where the tops were pulled clean away , the potatoes are decidedly the best : nina-ttnthg of the others are rotten , and they are scarcel y worth getting up .

      Do not fc . il to plant plenty of cabbage . If not already don e , lose no time . Store carefully any root-crops jo * mcy h ave : carro t s , parsnips , and Swede turnips . These last ore really a valuable vegetable , lu times like these * Poor people . should buy a few bushels of the tamffl * and store them away , for winter consumption . They will net ror , like the white turnips , and when proper )? cooked , are excellent .

      Mr Hyde, Surgeon, Of Loughborough, Hai E...

      Mr Hyde , surgeon , of Loughborough , hai ex trscted a cancer from the breast of a female urder th influence of the chloroform . -The operation was per " formed successfully , and appears likely to beattefle ' e wi rkUienwBtflaUtfwtor ? results ,

  • Citation
    • Northern Star (1837-1852), Nov. 11, 1848, page 6, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse.ac.uk/periodicals/ns/issues/ns2_11111848/page/6/