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, Abbil : 13, 1845. _ ^ ^^ 7 —-^- ^^»^*~...
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Sormilttu* «* ^rtimltuit
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FIELD-GARDEN OPERATIONS, for the Wtck co...
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WESTERN CIRCUIT.
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The Suapwick Mwkdbr.--Taunios, April 5.-...
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JHarfctf Mtfltgwi*
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London Corn Exchange, Monday, April 7. —...
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Note: This text has been automatically extracted via Optical Character Recognition (OCR) software. The text has not been manually corrected and should not be relied on to be an accurate representation of the item.
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, Abbil : 13, 1845. _ ^ ^^ 7 —-^- ^^»^*~...
, Abbil : 13 , 1845 . _ ^ ^^ 7 — - ^ - ^^»^*~— " *?^^^ ^^^^^ ™ T ^ L ^ -l ^_ . ¦¦ : ¦ .- ¦ - - . ¦¦ . .. :- ... ..,.... ¦¦ ...... — —~—""—~»—»————» —^——
Sormilttu* «* ^Rtimltuit
Sormilttu * «* ^ rtimltuit
Field-Garden Operations, For The Wtck Co...
FIELD-GARDEN OPERATIONS , for the Wtck cornmenJvg *** 4 > f ™> , MU > rc- *~ , « t * A from a Duet of Actual Operations on aSSSmJSRestates of Mrs . Davies Gilbert C ^^^ bourne , in Sussex ; and on several model J ^ E fiEatata of the Earl of Dartmouth at sSwSte i *^ kshire , nubhshed by Mr . Nowell , SarnteT Tras , near Hud & rsfield . in order to guide nther possessors of field gardens , by showing them what labours ought to be undertaken on their own jands The fe ™ selected as models are—First Two school farms at "Willingdon and Eastdean , of five acres each , conducted by G . Cruttenden and John
Harris . Second . Two private farms , of five or six acres : one worked by Jesse Piper , the other by John Dumbrell--the former at . Eastdean , the latter at Jevin ^ ton—ah of them within a few miles of Eastbourne . Third . An industrial school farm at Slaithwaite . Fourth . Several private model farms near the someplace . Theconseeutiveoperationsinthesereports will enable the curious reader to compare the climate and agricultural value of the south with the north of England . The Diary is aided by "Uotes and Observations " from th « peu of Mr . NowelL calculated for the time and season , which we subjoin .
" It is a very pleasant sight to see children engaged in useful and healthy labour upon a spot of ground which jbpy can cafl their own ; they shaR be kept apart from the « cc and foRy ofthe young men of the cRy . " yoiE . —T / ie sdool farms are cultivated by boys , whe in return for three hours * teaching in the morning give tfiree Aourg of their labour in tie afternoon for the master ' s benefit , which renders the scltools selfseppORTTXG . Wc believe that at Farnly Tyas sixsevenths of the produce of the school farm will be assigned tothe boys , and oiuwsuentft to Uic master , who will receive the usual school fees , help the boys to cultivate their land , and teach tliem , in addition to reading , writing , & c , to convert their produce into bacon , by attending to pig-beeping , wldch at CJurist tnai may be divided , after paying vent and levy , amongst them in proportion to their services , and bemadeihusindirectl y to reach Hicirparentsin a , way the most grateful to lAeirjeelings . ]
SVSSEX . Moxdat—Willingdon School . Boys digging , and planting early potatoes . Eastdean Sdiobl . Eight boys in school , rest working for farmers , digging and sowing carrot seed , planting and manuring potatoes . Piper . Carrying fine worked manure , for potatoes . Dumbrell . Digging , and carrying duns with the heifer . Tuesday—Willingdon Sdiool . Same as yesterday Eastdean School . Boys digging for and sowing barley , hoeing peas , and gathering roots and stones . Piper . Preparing ground for potatoes . Dumbrell Digging , hoeing wheat . Wednesday— Willingdon School . Boys sowing clover seed on wheat , and harrowing in . Eastdean School Boys emptying piggery tank , rolling oats , weeding
wheat , removing refuse . Piper . Planting potatoes Dumbrell . Digging . Thcrsdat—WiUingdon School . Boys harrowing wheat , Eastdean School . Boys digging , planting potatoes , sorting potatoes , and preparing turnip ground Piper . Planting potatoes . Dumbrell . Digging rolling wheat . Pniniv—WSlingJon School . Boys harrowing wheat . Eastdean School . Boys planting potatoes , sowing barlej , weeding wheat , clearing away roots and stones . Piper . Scraping up manure . Dumbrell Harrowing wheat . Sato-jut— Willingdon School . Boys digging ground , and manuring for mangel wurzel " . Eastdean School Boys cleaning out the piggery , portable pails , school roorn ^ and thrashing and cleaning oats . Piper . Planting potatoes . Dumbrell . Drilling carrots .
YORKSHIRE . Slaitlnvaite School . From eight to eleven boys at afternoon labour , breaking clods , gathering stones , and harrowing . John Eamford , preparing turnip ground , spreading ashes thereon , plantingpotatoes . James Bamford , drawing manure for potatoes , p lanting them , preparing grouud for , and planting ocans and peas . C . Varlcy , preparing ground for turnips , manuring for and sowing tares , sowing peas and wheat together , and harrowing in ; " weather mildest and richest ever witnessed here . " COW-HEEMXG . WOlingdon ScJiool . Cows eating white turnips , which have stood the winter , and clover hay . Piper ' s . Has begun to cat his rye , keeps it a day before he gives it to the cows , and mixes a handful ofhayvritb . it . DtmbreWs . Cows stall-fed as last report .
XOTES AXD OBSERVATIONS . Mangel Wcbzel . —{ Seed sown , from 3 to albs ., in drills , per acre . ] Select new seed ; old will seldom vegetate . ^ From the middle of April to the middle of May—drill , or dibble three seeds in a hole , three inches deep . Let the rows be from twenty to twentyfonr inches apart , and the plants twelve inches distant , in the row . Manure well . The plant is a great feeder . Letjoj . Plants have suitable Food . —{ "Portable manures of great strength in small compass . " ] Chemical analysis informs us that in tho wheat plant , among many other inorganic substances , there is one prevailing in the grain , phosphate of lime , " bone ash , •"
another in the straw containing much potash . We . must , therefore , let the plant have such things in its food . They are largely contained in the following artificial mixtures , which have been recommended as top-dressings for wheat . From experiments made with themaud other substances , it would appear that in general they have been found to answer best ; and the results have evinced a beautiful accordance between cliemical theory and actual experience . "Where thephosphate of lime ( bone ash ) has been drawn from the soli , and sent away from the farm in fat cattle , milk , cheese , ore , as in certain grazing countries , and where a sufficient restoration of it has not been made by boning , or by applying human feces , or other plant food , top-dressings , like the following , may be of
Xo . 1 . —Sulphate of ammonia , gas salt , f cwt . — feme dust , 4 cwt . —wood ash charcoal , 5 cwt . Another . —Nitrate of soda , 1 cwt . —gypsum , 2 cwt . —bone dust , 3 cwt . AnotJier . —Nitrate of potash , saltpetre , 1 cwt . —gypsum , 2 cwt . —bone dust , 3 cwt . Mix the ingredients well together after the salts have been reduced to fine powder , and using plenty of mould and ashes . Apply the mixture te one acre of sickly or patched wheat . pio . 2 . —When the land has been moderately sustained with both liquid and solid manure , take 5 cwt . Of rape dust , which apply to one acre of wheat ; when other substances might fail , it may have a special effect .
? fo . 3 . —When the liquids for a long period may have left the farm-yard and joined the river , take 10 bushels of soot and 5 cwt . of salt , mix them well with coal ashes , and apply to one acre . Mem . —A dressing of afew cwts . of salt may do good , if applied with the above top-dressings , especially if the cattle have not been well supplied with salt , wherewith to furnish the green pastures previous to the corn crops . This almost universal condiment is not more requisite for men and cattle than for plants . The spray from the sea will keep up , however , a continual snpplvof it for some distance from the coast . No . 4 . —The great land , medicine for a general deficiency ofmanwe . -iake -3 cwt . of { niano , beat it into the finest dust , mix and sieve it repeatedly along with ten tunes its bulk of fine coal or peat ashes , apply the dose to one acre . Take the dung of domestic-fowls and do the same , out in larger proportions .
Iarlt sowx White Turnips . — Consider well whether your supply of green food wUI be sufficient for the months of October and November , and if you nave any doubts upon it , ensure that supply by sowing quick growing white turnips early in the spring , to be eaten in the fell by your cattle . Dfl . LtOS PlAVPilR OS THE ClIEMISTM OP VlCEJauox . —In the course of the first of a course of six lectures recently delivered in Manchester ( an extract from which we inserted last week ) , the lecturer treated on a practical question ( intimately coRflected with the subject ofthe direction of trees ) , whether niore ground would be gained by planting trees on an inclined plane , such as a mountain side , than on the horizontal projection or base of that mountain . As
Win falls vertically , more rain could not be procured from the eaves of a house than from the horizontal plane of the roof . So , no more houses could be built on the sideof amoRRtaiR than or the plane of its projection , notwithstanding the much greater space ; lor the houses must rise perpendicularly to the horizon . As trees grew the same way , was it not a ™™| y to choose sides of hills for forests , or tlie supposition that more trees would grow , by presenting a greater surface , though with the same perpendicular space ? Daw said it was a fallacy , and most other pmlosophers " agreed with him . But Corrard justly Observed , ihatihe question could not be viewed in a snctly mathematical light . It would doubtless be Quite true if trees grew close together , and took np *« space : but each tree requires a certain quantity « groundfor its own nutrition , and in this space no ower tree would wow If the nuestaon were—Can
5 <> u have tree more on a hill side than on the base « the hill ? the answer would he yes , because you ™* e more surface on the hill side ; hut this gain was not so much as was supposed by planters . The inches and the roots of trees were capable of pertnnvM ^ chemical functions . Woodward " » k a willow tree , and turned it upside down , put ™| " ! w anchesinto the earth , itsroots into the air ; and , after a time , the roots became covered with wots and leaves , and the branches became fibrous and passed into roots . The tuber of a potato produces a new pW as well as the seed ; the planted HZ * of an orange or of a fig-tree produces a new ° »? ge or a new fig-tree ; and a small twig , pulled off * wulow , andplaced in ihe ground , passes into a per-JCCt plant This assumption of the factions of one ^^ b yanoiher . waasnfficientte showtheir intamate ** % - Still it was useful t » know the general structure of organs . On cutting across a branch ( as he showed by a diagram representing a transverse
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section of an elm ) , it was seen to be composed oi tliree parts , the bark , the wood , and the pith , which , on minute inspection , were further divisible . Thus , the outer part of the back was the skin or cpcr & rmt ' s ; generally very much cracked , and varying considerably in texture . In corn plants this skin was made almost wholly of flint ; but , in trees growing in the parched plains of the tropics , it often consists of wax afld resin or of India rubber , for the obvious purpose of preventing evaporation of moisture . Next under this epidermis is a cellular tissue , called |? ar € nchyma , very obvious in the cork-tree , and familiarly known as cork . Beneath or within this , are the cortical layers of liber or true bark , so called because divisible into leaves like a book . This liber was verv
important in the circulation ofthe sap . Duhamel first showed how it was formed . He cut off some of the liber , and exposed the wood beneath , taking care to protect the exposed part from the air . He then observed a thick fluid oozing out from the surface of the wood and the edges ofthe bark , which , after accumulating , becamethicker , fandgraduallypassed into true bark . This fluid was ' called cambium , and wassupposed to come from the sap . Beneath the true bark lay tlie wood , of which the outer was less firm in texture than the inner part , and was called the atturnum , to distinguish it from the duramen or true wood beneath . In the centre of the tree or branch , comes the pith , which Knight had proved might be altogether removed from a young plant without
retarding its growth . Its least questionable function was , that it was a reservoir of moisture , which it yields to the plant when required . The general anatomy of a branch , trunk , or root , therefore was—Bark , including Epidermis , Parenchyma , Liber ; Wood , comprising Alburnum and Duramen , or true wood ; and the Pith . Even a leaf was analogous to this ; for the greatest part of its membranous substance was a distinct prolongation ofthe parenchyma , aud the gloss \ covering was comparable to the epidermis . Dr . Pkyfair then described the circulation ofthe sap , which he said arises upwards through the true wood , as it was proved by making the plant imbibe water coloured with cochineal , when the colour was observed to ascend only by the wood , the bark being left
colourless . This sap , on being examined chemically , is found to consist principally of water , holding in solution small quantities of saline substances . But when the sap reaches the leaves a large quantity of wateris evaporated from them , and it consequently becomes much stronger . It now descends the tree , not as it ascended , by the wood , but by following , the course ofthe liber , which is itself elaborated by the sap , and the increase of the tree takes place immediately under the true bark , so that the annual circles left indicate the age of the tree . There are spiral vessels and ducts in the wood , the function of which is not quite settled , although the preponderance of evidence is on the side of their being air vessels—a supposition strengthened hvBisehoff , who found the
air escaping from them to contain nearly 30 per cent , of oxygen , while common air contains only 21 per cent . The true ducts are certainly for the transmission of fluids . But by what power does the sap arise in the stem , thus disobeying the laws of gravity ? We know that the spongioles ofthe roots have the power to absorb liquids , by capillary attraction ; but this does not at all account for the ascent of tlie sap in the stem . The force of the ascent is very considerable ; for Hales found , by allowing the sap to flow out from the cut top of a vine , and attaching a syphon to the lowerpart , thattheheightt » wMchtihemercuryrosein the syphon was 38 inches : this shows that the force of theascentofthesapmastbemuchgreaterthanthe pressure of our atmosphere , whichis 141 b . to the square inch . What , then , is the force ? On this subject there
are tworival theories . Dupetit Thenars affirms that it is due to the expansion ofthe buds and the development of the leaves , which taking up fluid , the sap arises to replace that removed ; and he points to a tree felled in winter , and says , observe the buds which come out in spring ; they obtain enough of sap in the tree to appear ; but they are not developed , for the sap exhausted by them is not renewed . But then , Dupetit Thouars ' s theory is deficient ; for it does not tell us why the buds expand , neither does it explain the descent of the sap after it is elaborated in the leaf . Dutrochct observed , that , if an open tube , covered with a bladder , ov other porous membrane , contain a dense liquid , and be placed in water , the water disobeys the ordinary rules of gravitation , and
rises into the dense fluid . On this principle he explains the ascent of the sap . The sap becomes dense , or strengthened by evoporation in theleaf ; and water ascends in the stem to mix with it . There are many arguments In favour of this view , which is perhaps nearer the truth thanthe other . IT the sap ascend by one set of vessels , it must of course compel the fluid to escape by descent in another set . That the fluids do descend , and thus form a kind of circulation , is shown by throwing a ligature round the stem of a plant , and the place above the ligature is soon observed to enlarge from accumulated fluid . That this descent of sap is not due to simple gravity , may be further shown by passing a ligature round a pendant branch , and the part below the ligature is still
obobserved to enlarge . But then Dutrochetfs theory does not well explain why there should be a cessation of this circulation in winter . True it is , that a diiniminished temperature reduces the activity of diffusion ; but it does not altogether retard it . There ought , therefore , to be some circulation in winter , if nothing else except diffusion be its cause ; but we know that no such circulation takes place . Dutrochot ' s theory , therefore , although it goes far , does not embrace all the phenomena . But at present no more comprehensive view has been proposed : so , according to the usual rides in such cases , we must select that theory which explains the most ; and , in the present state of our knowledge , Dutrochefs seems to bear away the palm . Hales found that the
quantity of water exhaled by plants was very considerable . By experiment he showed that the green parts ofthe sunflower threw off , inthe form of vapour , as much as 20 oz . of water in twelvehours ; though , of course , the quantity varies according to the temperature and dryness of the air . During the night the sunflower threw off only about 3 02 . of water , and sometimes none at all . We might thus understand the manner in which the inorganic constituents of plants became accumulated , though introduced only in small quantity by the water absorbed from the soil . The exhalation ofthe leaves is a simple evaporation , caused by the extent of surface over which the water has to traverse ; and all the false analogies of botanists , in comparing such operations with remote similarities in
anunalswasofmischievoustendency . Linnseus ' stheory of " the sleep of plants" was one of these , and to his ( Dr . Playfair ' s ) mind had no existence ; for he could conceive no operations of nature more opposed than sleep in animals , and the so-called sleep in vegetables The sleep of animals consists in the cessation of volition , and a suspension of the causes of waste in the body , during which time vitality was actively engaged in repairing its wasted structure . But in plants there was no restoration of organs impaired during the day ; for the whole of vegetable life consists ofthe creation of new organic matter , not hi its destruction . The increase in fabric takes place in animals during the night ; the growth of vegetables is altogether effected during the day . For these and
other reasons he denied that there was such a state as the sleep of plants ; and he thought he should be able to point out , as he proceeded , a new kind of activity in plants during the night . The closing of the leaves during the night was merely owing to the absence of light , which exercises an attraction upon them . If a leaf were turned , so as to expose its under surface to the air , it would twist itself round until the smooth side was presented to the sky ; and thus did all leaves elevate themselves , as if in adoration of the great luminary . The lecturer then proceeded to treat ofthe chemical elements constituting the organic matter of plants . The first point in the growth of plants is the germination of the seed , the cotyledon of which contains a stored-up nutriment
fortlie embryo—consisting of some mineral matter , with starch , gum , cheese , and fatty oils ; although in some seeds , as in the anise and cummin , the fixed fat is substituted by a volatRe oR , The analysis Of Boussingault gave 27 per cent , of cheese in peas ; Ms ( Dr . Playfair ' s } own gave 29 per cent . ; the two varieties obviously differing . The analysis of the French chemists give 10 per cent , of this cheesing matter ifl oats ; those made by the lecturer himself yield between 11 and 12 per cent . The oily matters also vary : some seeds , as that of the colewort , contain 40 per cent , of oil ; while that of wheat does not conta n 1 per cent . It would be seen then , that , in order that a seed should germinate , the concurrence of a proper temperature of moisture and of air Was
absolutely essential . Formerly physiologists believed that light was injurious to germination ; this error originating in the fact , that seeds germinate best at a certain distance beneath the surface of the ground . BntSanssure showed , that the apparently injurious effect of light was owing to the drying of the seed , when too near thesurface . He took two seeds , placed one of them in an opaque , the other in a transparent glass ; watering them bothalike ; and he found that the seeds in the transparent glass germinated first . Whenseeds areplaeed under ajar of air , aud properly supplied with water , the radiclesand the stem soon appear . Snpposingthatthereisnoalterationintempera turcor in conditions , Saussure , inhisfirst experiments , found that the bulk of the air remained unchanged , although aquantity ofthe oxygen had been abstracted , and replaced by carbonic acid . This led Saussure to believe that the first act of germination was simply
the extraction of carbon by means of oxygen . Oxygen is quite essential to germination , winch cannot oe made to take place in any gas not mixed with this element . But what is very curious , carbonic acid gas , which is the primary food of plants , is positively injurious to germination . In fact , gemmation proceeds more rapidly if fragments of lime are placed along with the seeds , to absorb the carbonic acid . Saussure was not quite correct in his fast experiments ; for , on inspecting them with minnte accuracy , he found that some plants actnally did increase the bulk of the air , while others diminished the bulk . To Boussinganlt belongs the honour of having explained this phenomena . That distinguished philosopher , during the last year , hadmade some excellent experiments on germination . He analysed ^ sonic seeds before germination , and set others to germinate . When the plumule and radicle began to appear , he
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analysed them again , and so on until the stem and the leaves were distinctly formed . The results of his experiments were , as Saussure had perceived , that there is aquantity of carbon abstracted by oxygen ; but the loss in weight is greater that can be accounted for by the carbon removed . Some of the oxygen in the seed has also disappeared , so that it was obvious part of the carbon had become burned , at the expense of the oxygen existing in the seed itself ; and this circumstance completely accounts for the alteration in the volume of air observed by Saussure . But , after all , this is only the ultimate view of the process ; for ther e can be little doubt that the operations in progress are much more complex than in the immediate abstraction of carbon . If seeds in the act of germination be put upon blue litmus paper , the blue colour
oecomes changed into a red , showing distinctly that an acid is produced during the act . Beeguerel thought this was acetic acid ; but Boussinganlt suggests , with much more plausibility , that it is the acid obtained from milk—the lactic acid . Be that as it may , the formation of the acid indicates that there are intermediate steps in germination , respecting which the chemist is entirely ignorant . When the seeds are examined , after the first act of germination , the process is very difficult to follow . The act of germination still progresses , - but the act of vegetation does so too , and both , are in antagonism . Germination abstracts carbon from the seed ; vegetation adds carbon , by drawing it from the atmosphere , in the form of carbonic acid . One thing , however , is certain , fr om Boussingault ' s analysis , that ammonia now
disappears from the seed , these were merely indications how to proceed in our investigations , in order to dcvelope this most interesting act of passive into active life . At present our information might be considered almost nil ; but the recent researches are full of hope ; and , if earned on with the united care of the physiologist and the chemist , wiU doubtless lead us nearer to truth . The uncertainty as tothe nutrition of the embryo , ends with the development ofthe leaves ; the young plant has been ushered into being , and we can now clearly follow its course to maturity . In conclusion , he would draw attention to this singular first act of life . The physical function of animals was to expire carbonic acid ; that of plants , to expire oxygen . But the first act of the embryo was to assume this high function of animals . Reason on this as we might , there was some curious mystery to develope in the extraordinary relations of life . The first act of vegetable existence was one
possessed by the most elevated of animals ; but then , again , it assimilated itself to similar functions in the lowest order of vegetables . The fungi do the same ; they do not live on the air , but on decaying sub « stance , and breathe out carbonic acid . Was the first act of vegetation a lofty or a low act of life ? If the exhalation of oxygen from plants were one of the most important purposes of their life ( as it doubtless was ) , how came it that the lowest order of animals , the animalcules , also possess this function ? These were strange anomalies , which , however inexplicable at present , philosophers should not relax in their endeavours to penetrate . In fact , as he proceeded , he thought he should be able to trace out , in this apparent conteadiction , the most beautiful harmony and most exquisite design of means to end , —a harmony and a design which make us only the more regret that our own ignorance and want of power prevent us giving te them at present a more intimate ; comprehension . ( Applause . )
Western Circuit.
WESTERN CIRCUIT .
The Suapwick Mwkdbr.--Taunios, April 5.-...
The Suapwick Mwkdbr .--Taunios , April 5 .- — Tliis being the day fixed for the trial ofthe Shapwick murder , the Crown Court was early besieged with a number of persons eager to gain admittance . The court , as usual on such occasions , was as full as the parties placed to keep the door would permit it to be . At nine o ' clock the learned judge took his seat on the bench , before which the jury had been called , and were seated in their box . The prisoner was then placed at the bar . She is a little woman , abbut thirty years of age , and has a peculiar disagreeable expression of countenance . On being arraigned she pleaded " Not guilty , " in an audible and distinct voice , to the indictments , which charged her with
the wilful murder of Charles Dimond , by administering to him a quantity of deadly poison called arsenic . Mr . Serjeant Ktnglake and Mr . Rawujjson conducted the prosecution . The prisoner was defended by Mr . Stock . The trial lasted from the sitting of the court at nine o ' clock till eight at night . Mr . Serjeant 'Kikglake stated the case to the jury in a very clear , able , and perspicuous manner . From his observations we learnt that the prisoner was a widow , and had been since Christmas 1833 . The deceased was her brother , and had lived v ^ ith his father , mother , and brother John , at a cottage situated at Shapwick . The prisoner , who for some time previously had been living elsewhere , returned to her father's cottage on the 9 th of December , in the last year , at which date the real evidence in this
case commenced . The first witness called was a person of the name of Hare . He stated that in December last he was living with a Mr . Varrer , a druggist , at Bridgewater . On the 9 th of that month the prisoner , whom he did not remember to have previously seen , came to his shop . His master had two shops , the one in which lie was being situated in St . John-street , Eastover . She asked for some arsenic . Witness said he could not sell her any , as it was a rule in their shop never to sell poison to one person . She pressed him to sell her some , and he still refused . lie asked her what she wanted of it , and she replied that it was to lull rats or mice ; witness did not recollect which . He still refused , but as she still pressed him , lie
asked her her home , and where she lived . She replied that her name was Darston , and that she was a sister to Edmund Darston , who was the son of a carrier and postman between Bridgewater and Solden Hill , and well known to witness . Witness hearing , as he supposed , who she was , consented to let her have the arsenic , and accordingly weighed her up half an ounce , which he tied up in two papers , and marked "poison . " At the same time he explained the deadly nature of the drug , and gave her directions about taking care of it . The prisoner did not immediately leave the shop , but entered into conversation with witness , who remarked to her how much her brother was grownlately , meaning Edmund Darston , to which the prisoner replied that he was . It being a very cold day witness asked her to sit down by the stove in the shop , and warm herself ,
which she consented to do , and , singular to say , remained in the shop more than hour . Whilst she was seated by the hre , witness melted over , it some hair oil , which had become congealed . Seeing this , the prisoner asked him to give her a little for a Christmas present , promising to become a customer of his master ' s when she came into Bridgewater . Witness gave her a little of the oil in a bottle , which she promised to return by Edmund Darston on the next day—a promise she did not keep , so he never saw the bottle again . Whilst the prisoner was thus seated and talking by the fire , the clock struck one , and witness quitted the shop to go to dinner , leaving the prisoner there with the porter . On his way to the place where he got his dinner , he met Edmund Darston , with whom he entered into conversation . When he returned from dinner the prisoner was
gone . Edmund Darston deposed that he was at Bridgewater on the 9 th . His father was a carrier and postman between that place and Polden-hill . He met the prisoner in Bridgewater about nine o ' clock on that morning , and made an arrangement with her that she should ride home in his cart . His mother was with him . After this he saw Hare , ¦ and , in consequence of what he said to him , he went to the shop to see who had personified his sister , and arriving there he found the person had left . Shortly after he met the prisoner again at the Queen ' s Head , where she sat talking with him for a long time . In the course of their conversation she told him she had been to Mr . Varrer ' s , where she had purchased some hair oR , and had passed off as his sister . She said nothing about the arsenic . She rode as far as Cosstngtou with the witness , where he was obliged to stay some time , in consequence of which the prisoner went on in another cart to her father ' s house .
John Dimond said : -He was brother to the deceased and the prisoner . In December his father , mother , and brother Charles were living with him at Shapwick . On the 9 th of that month his sister came home about eight o ' clock , quite unexpectedly . She cried , and said she was a martyr , or something of that sort , on hearing them say thoy did not know how she could sleep there that night . However , a bed was made up for her hi the room where the old people slept , and she remained . The deceased was not in when she arrived , and did not come home tiU after they were all in bed . He slept with witness . The next morning prisoner was told she could not remain there . She asked to remain till Saturday , when she said she would go back to Bridgewater and give
herself up to the master of the union . She was permitted to stay . The next day her mother told her that her brother Charles did not likehev being there , as his master had declared if she remained hi the house Charles should work no longer for him . Deceased had been in his master ' s constant employ for three years and a half . Prisoner said she supposed she must go . On the Sunday following the mother died , an event which kept the prisoner still in the house . All parties were now agreeable that she should remain and do for them , seeing they had lost their mother ; oidy Charles did . not like to lose his winter's work , and he therefore desired that she should go . The deceased was verv well till the day
after Christmas-day , the 26 th December . On that day he was very well in the morning when he got up . Witness did not see-him again until ; the evening , when he found him very sick and bad , He continued ill from that time until he died , which lie did on Tuesday morning . He got better , however ; towards the end of the week , and on Sunday was so much better that he wished to get up . He did-get out of bed , and put on his clothes , but did not come down stairs . On the Sunday night , or towards ^ Monday morning , all his former symptoms returned , but in a much more violent manner , and early on Tuesday morning he died . The prisoner was the person who , up to Monday , had cooked all his dinners , prepared
The Suapwick Mwkdbr.--Taunios, April 5.-...
his gruel , which he was ordered bv tlie doctor to take , and tended upon him generally . On the Monday before lus death suspicions had been awakened , and the prisoner vvas ordered , by the direction of two magistrates in the neighbourhood , to quit the house , which she did , going to the house of a neighbour for the night . ° This person proved that when she came she brought witn lier Her box , and some other articles . When she lett the next morning she carried off a bundle . She ;„ * w -7 her K with witness > sayin S ^ she did so , mai ii any one had any suspicion of her they were very welcome to examine her things ; they would find nothing against her there . The box , when searched , was found to be empty . Charles Dimond , the father of the
prisonercon-, firmed the evidence given by the son as to the prisoners coming home , « fcc . HJS 30 n Charles remained very well up to the 26 th of December . On that day lie ( the witness ) was at home when his deceased son came home to dinner . He was quite well then . The prisoner had prepared his dinner , which was a salt herring and some potatoes . He ( the father ) had some beef and bread , which a lady by the name of Templar , who lived in the village , had given him . The prisoner had dined before , and his son John did not dine till after . When he had eaten his dinner his son Charles went to work . In the evening lie returned home very sick , and went to bed , & c ., as before deposed to by John Dimond . A boy with whom the deceased worked , and several otherwrtnesses
. who had seen him on the morning of the 26 th , were then called to prove that during the whole of the morning he appeared in his usual health . Ihe boy referred to said that as soon as deceased came from dinner he was taken very sick . He laid down for a short time , and then appearing to get better he went on with his work . He was sick again when they were going home , and after that night the boy in question did not see him . Witnesses were then called to speak to the supposed motive on which the prisoner had acted . It was proved that a letter had been written to her , in winch she was told that her brother ( without saying which ) and her father and mother had requested the writer ofthe letter to say , that she ( the prisoner ) must not come home , but that if she wanted assistance she
must apply to the union . Another witness stated that he had met the prisoner on Christmas-day , and asked her how she did ? She replied , " Pretty well , - but Charles wants to turn me and Jack out of doors , that he may bring his wife home ,- but he shan't ; and if he does not take care , something shall happen to him before long to spoil his fun , " or words to that effect . Tho next day an Old man named Walker went into Dimond's house , and saw the prisoner there . She was just going to cook the herring in which it was supposed she administered the first dose of poison . She again referred to her brother Charles's wish that she should leave , saying that he wanted to turn her out of doors to bring his wife there ; but she would be d—d if he
should ever bring a wife there ; and then she added , "I'll take good care of that . I'll take d—d good care he shan't be here long himself , " The old man said he was so shocked at hearing this language that he got up and left the house . He mentioned it the next day to another person , who was afterwardscalled as a witness , but had not gone before a magistrate , as he did not wish to be brought away from his home , aa ho could not get about but with great difficulty . When the deceased was lying ill on the Saturday , he wished to make a will , and asked a Mr . Martin , who was present , to make one . For this purpose he desired him to take the key of his box out of his pocket . Martin searched to do so , but could find no kev there . The nrisoner was called to . and asked if
she had seen it . She admitted that it was in her possession ; and when asked what business she had with it , she said she had possessed herself of it for the purpose of taking out a small book that was in it . She then went down stairs , leaving Martin to make the will , which he . did , and which was signed . The prisoner again came into the room , and , addressing her brother , said ., "Charles , you may give away what you please ; but * remember , there are two pairs of trousers in yoiirboxj which belong to my husband , and I ' m . d—d if I do not have them . " She then left the room , as before stated . When her brother died on the Tuesday morning , she was in aneighbour ' s house . When his death was communicated to her , she said , "Well , I am sorry for hhn , but I can't cry . "
To this evidence was added the testimony of the medical men who had visited the deceased whilst alive , and made a post mortem examination of the body . They proved that all the symptoms of the deceased were those that would be sure to follow the taking of an irritant poison like arsenic ; and that on the post mortem examination they discovered just those appearances which they should have expected to do when the parties had died from poison . Mr . Herapath , of Bristol , was then caUed . —Thc stomach and its rejected contents had been preserved , with a bottle' of gruel found in the house ; all oi which had been safely conveyed to Mr . Herapath . He had analysed then- respective contents . No poison was found in the gruel , contents of the
stomach , or the stomach itself ; but in the large intestines and in the liver arsenic was found , and he had no hesitation to say that the deceased had died from the effects of arsenic . Mr . Stock addressed the jury for the prisoner , going over the whole of the evidence against her , and contending that it was insufficient to warrant a verdict of guilty . Mr . Justice Coleridge then most minutely and carefully summed up the case . When the learned judge had finished , the jury , expressed a wish to retire from the court . They were absent about a quarter of an hour , during which time the prisoner was out of court . On their return , she was again led to the bar , and took her seat inthe chair with which she had been accommodated during the whole of the
day . For the first time we noticed some symptoms of feeling about the wretched woman . The pupil of her eye dilated and wandertd with restless anxiety from face to face . Every sound was hushed , and a grave-like silence prevailed , when the jury having been called over , The officer of the court inquired whether they found the prisoner guilty or not guilty ? The foreman , in a distinct but mournful accent , pronounced the word—Guilty . The learned judge then placed the black cap on his head , and , assuring the prisoner that all hope of mercy in this life was past , and that her days were now numbered and few , he passed upon her the awfui sentence of death .
During this time the prisoner was supported by a policeman in the dock , and appeared several times as if she wished to speak . When the sentence was over , as they were leading her away , she turned towards the judge and said , "Justice has not been done me ; my life has been unfairly taken away . " She was then led from the dock . Four charges of murder were made against this wretched woman , one of which was for the murder of her own mother , on which a true bill was found by the grand jury . The other two bills were ignored .
Excavation op Humax Skeletons . —The work of excavation and embankment of alternate destruction and constructisn that prevails in the centre of the town ( Edinburgh } , obtains to a more or less degree throughout the whole line ofthe North British Railway . On the cast bank of the Esk the deep cutting continues , the railway perforating the rising ground at Pinkie . Within the last few weeks upwards of a dozen of human skeletons have been dug up at this point , most of them being found lying with a large stone on each side of them . It is difficult to say whether the ground at this place may not have formerly been a burying ground , or whether , as is supposed by some , the remains of mortality alluded to mav be
those of men who fell in some ofthe numerous skirmishes and battles which history records as having taken place in this locality . It wiR be remembered that in the year loil a powerful English army , under the Duke . ' of Somerset , engaged the Scots upon the grounds of Pinkie _ , in which the former were victorious , the proverbial impetuosity of the Scots being chiefly the cause of their defeat , as it prompted them to take positions that exposed them to the cannon of their more wary antagonists . On the day ofthe battle , Lord Graham , son ofthe first Earl of Montrose , was killed by a cannon-shot while leadinir his troons
along the bridge over the Esk . It is Iiighly probable that the skeletons in question are the relics of some who were lulled on that occasion , a supposition which is supported by the state of the bones , which indicate that they must have been embosomed in the earth for many generations . It was expected that the operations would have laid open some ofthe pits into which some of those that fell at the battle of Prcstonpans . were unceremoniously thrown , but as the ground becomes almost level at Dolphinstone , and continues so over the spot where that memorable event took place , it is not very likely that such expectations will be realised . —Edinburgh Paper .
A Winxrxo to the Mrs . Caudles . —On Saturday , Mr . Payne held an inquest at St . Bartholomew ' s Hospital , on the body of Mary Crome , aged forty . From the evidence of several witnesses , it appeared that , about ten days ago , the husband ofthe deceased , a baker , in Camberweli , committed suicide in consequence of the violence of her temper , and her bad conduct towards him . It was stated at the inquest that the husband frequently bore the marks of her ilhisage , and , not many days previously , she burnt his face with a red-hot poker . After the husband ' s death , the widow ( now deceased ) grieved much for
his loss , saying that she should not survive him long ; and on Thursday last she drank a large dose of laudanum at the houseof Mrs . Yates , anacquaintanceyatNo . 4 , Seymour-place , Islington . A surgeon having been , called , the deceased resisted , as much as she possibly , could , - the operation ofthe stomach-P umP » , and instead of swallowing the emetics , poured them down her breast . Shewas immediately removed to the above hospital , and died there , from the effects ot the poison ; two hours . after her 1 admission .. The coroner said it was highlyprobable that remorse had deprived her of the proper use of her reason . Verdict—Temporary Insanity .
The Suapwick Mwkdbr.--Taunios, April 5.-...
DliPEAT OF Till ! BkRWICK CoAL-Kl . VCS . ' —A 00111 . month since the men of Unthank Colliery came to tho conclusion that they would give their employer a summons to appear before the magistrates to answer a charge of what they thought robbery . Accordingly Mr . Daniells , Editor ofthe Miners' Advocate , was instructed to take out a summons was , in tlie name of James Barnes . Accordingly the summons was taken out , and the case was to have been heard on the 5 th of March , but was postponed until the 2 nd of April . To the inexpressible grief of all concerned , at least on the part ofthe workics , a letter arrived atNewcastleon-Tyne , announcing that it was impossible for Mr . Roberts to attend Berwick on Wednesday . Mr . Daniells , too , was in the Auckland district , many miles south . It was at last decided that Matthew Scott , one of the agents of the Association , should attend and render all the assistance he was able . When the ease was called on , Mr . Scott requested the magistrates to allow him to conduct the case , in
the absence of Mr . Roberts . The attorney for the defence objected ; and after the magistrates had consulted on the matter they decided that Scott should be allowed to ask any question through the magistrates , but not to address the court . Many witnesses were examined on both sides , after which , and at the conclusion of the attorney ' s speech for the masters , the magistrates consulted together for ten minutes , and then gave the following decision : —That , after weighing the evidence pro and con ., they decided that James Barnes is entitled to 12 s ., the money summoned for , and Is . 6 d . costs . —A public meeting was hold afterwards , when Mr . Scott addressed the meeting at considerable length , taking for his subject the power of union . A vote of thanks was given to the magistrates , and a cheer for the Union ; after whioh tlie parties separated . It is to be hoped that Mr . Carr will be wise enough to pay the other men what is justly due to them , and not stand another tilt with Law and Justice .
Dreadful Accident . — On Tuesday , last week , while a young woman , named M'Donald , servant to Mr . Duncan , Ruthveivfield , had gone into one ofthe workhouses on some errand , she was caught by a part ofthe machinery , and before the motion could be arrested , one of her legs was drawn in among the wheels to above the knee , and in that excruciating state the poor creature had to remain nearly three quarters of an hour , till the crushed and lacerated limb could be fully extricated . Medical aid was promptly on the spot , but the limb was so dreadfully crashed and torn , that it was judged necessary to cany her immediately to the infirmary , where , on due examination , amputation was decided on as the only course that could bo adopted in the circumstances . During the painful operation the girl , we are told , maintained the same degree of firmness she displayed when the accident took place , and is now we are happy to say , in a fair way of recovery . —Pertlishire Advertiser . J
Fian on Board Snip . —On Monday morning , shortly after two o'clock , police-constable , M 187 , discovered that the ship Cleopatra , Captain Ca-iley , lying in the King and Queen Dock , Rotherhithe , was on fire . The vessel was a West India trader , and of several hundred tons burden . Upon the alarm being given , the labourers ofthe dook , with a number of police-constables , hastened to the ship , when they found the galley of the vessel in flames . Without loss of time they commenced throwing buckets of water upon that portion of tho ship . Sometime , however , was lost before any impression was made upon the fury ofthe flames . At length the fire was extinguished , but not before the ship ' s galley was burned , and a number of the spars extensively injured . The origin of the fire , or whether or not the vessel was insured , could not be ascertained .
Discovert of a Murdf . r bt a Dog . —In the month of August last year , a regiment ofthe Queen ' s was quartered at Valencia , and a detachment was billeted at a small village near , named Rosafa ; the officer commanding it , Don Rafael , Marquis de Turia , was lodged at a farmer ' s , Pedro Ferrer , the best house in the village . Pedro had a wife , "Vicenta , young and extremely handsome , to whom he was passionately attached . Before the arrival of tho troops in tho village she had been fond of her husband , tranquil , and devout ; but alter the Marquis had been a short time in their house , Pedro perceived an alteration in his wife ' s manners ; fits of foolish gaiety were succeeded by profound melancholy ; in the presence of Don Rafael she was much agitated , and in his absence impatient for his return . Pedro ' s suspicions were
aroused ; he watched the pair , and soon had convincing proof of his dishonour . He , however , concealed his knowledge of their guilt , awaiting a favourable opportunity for vengeance ; and matters thus went on for a short time , when suddenly Don Rafael disappeared . It was at first thought his duties had called him back to Madrid , but a considerable time elapsing without his return , suspicion was awakened . A peasant recollected having one night , about the time of the disappearance of the Marquis , heard a single but terrible cry—a cry of agony . Pedro repelled all charges with firmness , and for want of proofs the matter dropped . The period of the grand chase of fochas ( a sort of bird ) arrived , and men , horses , and dogs assembled on the banks of the river .
Among the dogs was one formerly belonging to the Marquis , and which , on arriving at one part of the river , became greatly agitated , plunged in , and brought out a human hand . Running straight to Rosafa , he placed his burden at the threshhold of the door of Pedro Ferrer . His wife immediately fainted ; and Pedro , struck by remorse , avowed his having murdered Don Rafael one night , cut his body into pieces , and thrown them into different parts of the river , thinking thus to elude detection . He was tried , found guilty , and sentenced to be hanged , which sentence was carried into effect at Valencia last month , amid a large crowd . His guilty wife retired to a convent of Carmelites at San ifelice , Xatava , to wash away her sins by penitence and prayer . —Gazette des Tribunaux .
Supposed Murder . —On Monday morning , about half-past five o ' clock , police constable Mackaye , 122 S , who was on duty in the Hampstcad-road , discovered l y ing in the ditch alongside the road a green stuff bundle . On opening it he found that it contained the body of a fine male child , apparently about a week old . It was dressed In the usual ' manner , and had on a perfectly new blanket or flannel bound round with white silk , a white robe or frock , and cap with deep lace border . Over this was a diaper towel , and the external part ofthe bundle on examination turned out to be an old dark green cloak . The body was in the first instance conveyed by the police to the station-house in Heath-street , and from there to the Yorkshire Gray , where it was seen by Mr . Gowor , surgeon , of Hampstead . It was his opinion that the deceased had been bom alive , and had lived several days . Information having been forwarded to Mr . Wakley , the coroner , he at once issued his warrant to Mr . Gower to make a , post mortem examination of the body .
Suspected Murder at Bromley . —We published about a month ago a letter , signed " An Inhabitant of Bromley , " on the subject ofthe death of Maria Monkton , and two inquests that had been held upon it . In the interval we have received several letters on the same subject , some of them casting reflections on parties to which it is very certain their own conduct has exposed them . It is most desirable that such a state of things should not continue , that the matter should be finally considered and disposed of . The death of the unfortunate young woman took place on the fib of November , 1843 . She was found near the chapel at Bromley quite dead , from the effects of prussic acid , and , as the coroner himself remarked at the time , "it was almost impossible that any person could take tlie quantity of prussic acid
which tlie deceased had done , and have strength sufficient to destroy or put away the bottle . " Yet , though the place in which she was found was carefully searched no bottle that could have contained the prussic acid was discovered . Nothing could be more in accordance with propriety , nothing more seemingly zealous , than the conduct of the COfOllCl " , Wc refer our readers for a detailed aecount of it , and of all the circumstances , to the files ofthe Times . On the 16 th of November , 1843 , wc gave every particular of the adjourned inquest . But when we compare that date with tho present time , and consider how long an interval has taken place , wc cannot wonder that inquiries should be made why the coroner has not resumed his investigation . We are told that the
foreman ot the jury has already left the place , and some of the witnesses are about to do so . Surely it is desirable that the inquest should be proceeded with and brought to a close . We know not what valid reason the coroner ^ Mr . Carttar , can have to justify him in a course which is certainly very much out of ordinary routlinc ; it behoves him to have a good one , if he would avoid imputations on himself . A very heavy responsibility wUI rest upon him if it should hereafter be brought to light that guilt has escaped because . proof has been allowed to disperse and evaporate , which it was within his power to have had fresh and full , At all events , we would advise him without further delay to terminate tho proceedings . Justice and his own character require tlus . —Times , Wednesday .
Jharfctf Mtfltgwi*
JHarfctf Mtfltgwi *
London Corn Exchange, Monday, April 7. —...
London Corn Exchange , Monday , April 7 . — Very rapid progress has been made , during the last fortnight , in all out-door occupations , the weather having been alike favourable for preparing the land and committing the seed to the soil . Large breadtlis of barley and oats have been sown in very good order , and bean and pea planting has also made considerable advances . The engagements in the fields have caused a material falling off inthe deliveries of gram from the growers ; but , though the principal ^ markets held during the week have been veirscantdy supplied , the trade has remained m a' decidedly dull State and prices of wheat , as . weU as those ol most kinds of spring corn , have tended downwards in all parts of tie country . At MarkJane , to-day , there was a small show of wheat by land-carnage samples from Essex , Kent , and Suffolk ; haying , however , received upwards of 8000 qrs . coastwise during last week , the millers were by no moans anxious buyers .
London Corn Exchange, Monday, April 7. —...
Really fine qualities were taken off slowly at the currency of this day se ' nnight , biit , to have effected a clearance of the common runs , rather less money must have been taken . Factors were not generally disposed to accept lower . tonus , and , a portion of the supply , consequently , remained unsold at the close of business . In duty-paid . foreign , wheat there was scarcely anything passing -holders , nevertheless , remained very firm , and thei trifling sales made . were at precisely similar rates to those obtained ,. eight days ago . In , bonded . wheat nothing whatever waa done , norwcreanycbiitracts for cargoes to be shipped at continental ports closed , all inclination to make speculative investments ^ having entirely subsided . By the Hamburgh mafl . of " Friday last , received this morning , wc have our . usual advices from the principal Baltic ports . At Diiritzic . Rostock , Stettin , & e .,
wheat appears ip . hav ' e rather risen in value in consequence of accounts received there from the north of Franco , Bclgium ,. and Holland , ' . expressing fears as to the . ¦ uituuin ' -feown . wheat . We have no doubt , however , that , thp next , . accounts will be of a more subdued tone , and are fully persuaded that the value of wheat must soonciv . or . latcr fall to oiir level on the Continent—that is tovSay , to such a point as to admit of duty and charges being added to the cost , and still to pay a small profit , when consigned to Great Britain . At Hamburgh , on Friday , the dull English accounts had had some effect , . and during tlie whole of the week scarcely a salei . o ' f ( wheat had been made there . The near ports arc now allfree from ice , but from the more distant parts of the Baltic no supplies can reach this country till towards the close of May .
The inquiry for flour was very languid this morning , and though quotations of town-manufactured remained nominally unaltered , ship samples were rather easier to buy . Of barley the supply proved more than equal to the demand , many of the maltsters having left off work . Distilling and grinding qualities moved off tardily at barely the rate of Monday hist , but to have succeeded in effecting important sales of malting barley slightly reduced terms must have been acceded to . The tranasctions in malt were on a strictly retail scale , and previous prices were scarcely supported for the ordinary qualities . The fresh arrivals of oats were small , as well from
our own coast as from Scotland and Ireland . Among last week's supply of this grain we had two cargoes from abroad , one from Holland and one from Belgium . This morning there was an Improved country inquiry for oats , but the chief dealers continued to act on the reserve ; factors , therefore , found it impossible to establish any advance on last Monday ' s currency but at the terms of that day a tolerable extent of business was done . English beans were in lively request , and fully as dear . Peas were also inquired for , and realised the terms of this day week without difficulty . For clover seed we experienced a steady retail demand at slightly reduced prices .
CURRENT PRICES OF GRAIN , PER IMPERIAL QUARTER . —British . s s s B Wheat , Essex , & Keut , new & old red 42 49 While 50 55 Norfolk and Lincoln . ... do 43 47 Ditto 40 51 Northum . and Scotch white 42 47 Fine 49 53 —Irish red old 0 0 Red 42 44 White * C 49 Rye Old 31 32 New 30 32 Brank 35 36 Rarley Grinding . . 2 G 28 DistR . 29 31 Halt . 32 38 Malt Brown 54 56 Pale 57 61 Ware 62 64 Beans Ticksold & newSO 33 Harrow 32 37 Pigeon 38 49 Peas Grey 32 33 Maple 33 34 White 36 38 Oats Iancolns & Yorkshire Peed 21 23 Poland 23 25 Scotch , Angus Z 2 2 i Potato 24 23 Irish White 20 22 Rlack 20 21 Per 2801 b . net . s si Per 2 S 0 lb . net . s s Town-made Flour ... 42 44 Norfolk & Stockton 33 84
Essex and Kent .... 34 36 j Irish 85 38 Free . Bond Foreign . s 8 s s Wliear , Dautsic , Konigsuurg , & c 53 58 36 38 Marks , Mecklenburg 48 52 32 34 — - —Danish , Holstein , and FrieslandrGd 44 46 26 28 Russian , Hard 44 46 Soft ... 44 47 26 28 Italian , Red . . 46 48 White ... 50 52 28 32 Spanish , Hard . 4 G 48 Sof t .... 48 50 28 32 Rye , Raltic , Pried , ... 30 31 Rndried . . 30 32 21 22 Ravlev , Grinding . 26 27 Malting , , 32 83 20 28 Beans , Ticks .. 30 32 Egyptian . 32 33 24 28 Peas , White . . 36 38 Maplo . . 32 34 28 30 Oats , Dutch , Brew and Thick 2 i 25 19 21 Russian feed ...... , 21 22 15 19 Danish ; Frieslmul feed . . 31 93 15 17 Flour , per barrel ' . . 24 28 19 20
London Smithkield Cattle Marmot , Monday , April 7 . — The imports of live stock from abroad during the past week have been somewhat on th & increase , they haying consisted of fifty-one oxen and twenty-five cows , or a total of seventy-six head , all from Holland , and in fair average condition . To-day there were on offer twenty-seven heasts , the whole of which were quite equal to those we have witnessed for some time past , while they found buyers at prices varying from * 15 to £ 18 10 s . each . The navigation being now open at Rotterdam , several large importations of beasts are expected thence in the present week . From our own grazing districts , the arrivals of beasts fresh up to-day were somewhat extensive for the tune of year , while a slight improvement was noticed in their general quality , especially as respects the Scots from Scotland . Although we had a full average number of buyers in attendance , the beef trade was in a very sluggish state , at prices barely equal to those obtained on Monday last—the primest
Scots producing 3 s . lOd . per 81 b . " At the close ofthe market a clearance was not effected . The droves from Norfolk , Suffolk , Essex , and Cambridgeshire , consisted of 2000 Scots and homebreds ; while from the northern grazing districts we received only 150 short-horns ; from the western and midland districts , 400 Hcrefords , runts , Devons , drc . ; from other parts of England , 300 of various breeds ; and from Scotland , 120 horned and polled Scots . The numbers of sheep were not to say extensive , though quite equal to the demand . On the whole , the mutton trade was firm , and the primest old Downs found ready buyers at 4 s . 6 d . per 81 b—other breeds in proportion—being extreme figures . From the Isle of Wight 140 lambs were received , while tho supplies from Ksscx , Hampshire , & c ., were good . The lamb trade was somewhat active , at fully last week ' s quotations , the best qualities being held at 6 s . per Sib . The supply of calves was small , and met a heavy inquiry , at late rates . In pigs we have very few sales to report , yet the quotations were mostly supported .
By the quantities of 81 b ., sinking the offal . s . d . g . d , Inferior coarse beasts , . . 2 4 2 8 Second quality .... 2 10 3 2 Prime large oxen .... 3 4 3 6 Prime Scots , & c . .... 3 8 3 10 Coarse inferior sheep ... 2 10 3 2 Second quality .... 3 4 3 C Prime coarse woolled ... 3840 Larahs 4 8 6 0 Prime Southdown ( out of the wool ) 3 8 4 0 Ditto ( in the wool ) . . . 4 2 4 G Large coarse calves .... 3 4 4 2 Prime small 4 4 4 8 SuckRug calves , each . . . 18 . 0 22 0 Large hogs ..... 3 0 3 6 Neat small porkers . . , 3 8 4 2 Quarter-old store pigs , each . . 16 0 20 0
II £ A » OF CATTLE ON SALE . ( From the Books of the Clerk of the Market . ) Beasts , 2 , 937-Sheep and Lambs , 26 , 230—Calves , 73—Pigs , 318 . Manchester Corn Market , Saturday , April 5 . —» With a continuance of favourable weather during the week , great inactivity was apparent in the demand for every article in the trade , prices having been altogether nominal . Of flour from Ireland the imports into Liverpool and lluncorn are this week to a fair amount ; but of other articles thence or coastwise they are only moderate ; and there are no arrivals'from abroad . At our market this morning very few transactions occurred in wheat , although that article was freel y offered at a reduction of Id . to 2 d . per ? 01 bs . No inquiry of moment for flour . There was a moderate demand for oats , and prices were without change . Oatmeal was in very limited request , and barely supported its previous value . In beans no alteration was observable .
LivEnrooL Cons Market , -Mommy April 7 . —" The arrivals of British wheat , oats and oatmeal , since this day se ' nnight , are of sni . iil amount , but a fair quantity of flour is reported from Ireland . Throughout the week the weather lias ken very favourable tor the country , and will have enabled the farmers to make good progress with their work on tho land . The corn trade here has continued in an exceedingly dull state ; on Friday very few sales were effected' of any article , and those at barely so good prices asquoted last Tuesday . The best Irish red wheat has been disposed of at Cs . 8 d . to Gs . 9 di ; and fair qualities at 6 s . 4 d . to Gs . 3 d . per 70 lbs . ttood brands of Irish flour are offered at 36 s . to 37 s . ' per 280 lbs ., and move with difficulty . The quantity of Irish oats on this market is not large , and good mealing samples command . 2 s . lid . per 45 lbs . Oatmeal has met only a retail demand at 23 s . to 24 s . per Ioadifor fair cuts of Irish . " : ¦ " '•'
Livxkrooii Cattle Maukf . t , Mommy , Arnn . 7 . —We have had a good supply of cattle at market to-day , which met with dull sale , although wehadanumerous attendance ©! 'buyers at last week ' s prices . Beef old . to Sid . ; mutton 61 d . to G | d ; vpcr lb . ~ Cattle imported into'Liverpool , from the 31 st March to the 7 th . April : —1346 cows , 0 calves , 3420 sheep , 182 lambs , 831 h pigs , 35 horses . ¦¦ " '•' " ¦'' ¦ ¦ ¦¦¦ ' ¦¦' ¦ ' Richmond Corn Market , Monday , April 5 . —We had a large supply of all kinds of grain , which caused the prices to be a little lower than last week . —^ Wheat sold from 5 s . ( 3 d .: to 6 s . ; oats 2 s . ' 4 d ; to 8 sl- - barley 3 s . Cd . to 4 s . ; beans 4 s ^ 3 d . to is . 6 d . per bushel .
Malton Corn Market , Aran . 5 . —We have a very short supply " of all kinds of grain offering ! to this day | s market ., Wheat and barley Is . per qri . lower ; oats same as last week . Wheat , red 44 s . to 48 s . ; white ditto , 48 s . to 52 s . pcrqr . of 40 st . Barley , 27 s , to 30 s . per 3 g st , ; oats , IQd . to lid , per stone , Leeds Corn Market , Tuesday , April 8 . —Ouu supplies are well . maintained , and to-day ! we have had a good show of all articles , ; wheat must be ! quoted is . per qr . lower ; and sales slow at thisfideclino . Barley is also Is . per qr . ' cheaper , with . a good proportion of this supply remaining over ,, the ^ demand being extremely ; limited .. , Oats , beans , and shelling , steady in value , with afair . inquiry .. - .. ' , ' / -r YorkCorn 'MAHRExi' . ' April o . ~ We hav & asain a small supply of wheatat . td-days market ,, which sold slowly , at ratheviunder last weetfs . quotations , Barley ; oats , and beans , the quantity offering was rather larger than usual , and ftaken chiefly for seed , at rather over the prices of last week ;
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Citation
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Northern Star (1837-1852), April 12, 1845, page 7, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse.ac.uk/periodicals/ns/issues/ns2_12041845/page/7/
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