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Northern Star (1837-1852), 12th May 1849, Edition 2 of 3, Page 2

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      Until Theby The Diet At Debreczin; The K...

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      Tra3sce. Paris, Saturday.—The Fete Of Ye...

      TRA 3 SCE . Paris , Saturday . —The fete of yesterday , looked uponas an anniversary , is treated differently by the journals 5 hut all are agreed as to the h ? auty of the show and the quiet which " reigned evervwhere .

      PROGRESS OF SOCIALISM IN THE ARMY . " The iZeforme states that a serious mutiny occurred on Friday evening , after roll call , amongst the privates of the 7 th Regiment of Light Infantry , in consequence of the imprisonment of Sergeant-Major Boichat , who has been adopted by the Socialists as candidate for the department of the Seine . On Saturday morning the soldiers again refused obedience , notwithstanding the colonel addressed them in strong terms on the impropriety of their conduct . They even refused to supply a guard of honsur to the President of the Republic until several of their comrades who had been imprisoned vrere restored to liberty . The 7 th Regiment of Light Infantry , to which Serjeant Boichat belongs , has been sent out of Paris . FURTHER PARTICULARS .

      A serious riot took place on Friday in the barracks of the 7 th Light Infantry stationed at the Hotel des Invalided In the course of the morning Sergeant Beichat of that corps had been arrested , and cast into prison . In the evening , at the rappel , a great number of soldiers while in the ranks demanded why their comrade had been arrested . They -were answered that it was because he had accepted a requisition sent to him by the Socialists to hecome a candidate for the representation of the Seine . There was an immediate cry of You must let him out . ' The soldiers immediately left their ranks , and the whole of the 1 st battalion , with the subaltern Officers at their head , bavins ; stripped off their coats ,

      went towards the prison . Having got possession of some pickaxes , spades , & c , on their arrival , finding that they were to be resisted , they endeavoured to break open the door , hut fading , they broke a hole through the wall . All this time the excitement was Tory great . They called ' "Vive la Kepublique , a has Jes tyrans . ' Sergeant Boichat refused to leave his prison . He thanked his comrades for what they had done , but told them that the whole was a plan laid to get rid of the regiment , and he requested them to retire . They refused , and dragged Boichat out of the prison , but as soon as he could escape from them he returned into it . At this moment the colonel and officers of the regiment arrived , and

      there was an immediate cry of 'We must have Boichat set free . ' The colonel said that he was arrested by order of General Changarnier , but that he would intercede in his favour , on which there was an immediate cry of < A bas Changarnier ; he must be set at liberty at once . ' The guard was then called out , hnt refused to act . The officers were attacked , the major had his coat torn from his hack , a lieutenant was deprived o f bis epaulettes , and after a great tumult the major was at length made a prisoner in the barracks . The colonel gravely remonstrated

      with the men , and begged of them to retire to their barracks , but they refused to do so till Boichat had been set at liberty . It was eleven o ' clock at night before tranquillity was re-established . The following morningse 7 eralofthemenwereanestefl , whentherest of the regiment refused to mount guard , upon which the prisoners were set at liberty . They , however , allowed Boichat to be incarcerated ones more . It is supposed that the regiment will be sent out of Pari ? . Sergeant-Major Boichat has been transferred to the fortress of Vincennes .

      Dissolution or the National Guard or Duos . —The J Moniteur' contains the following announcement : — 'The anniversary of the proclamation of the Republic by the National Assembly was disturbed at Dijon by a riot of the most serious kind—a . riot amongst an armed force . After the review ,- a great number of National Guards proceeded to the Hotel de Tille to release some artillerymen cf the National Guard who had been arrested . A small body of troops of the Line , attacked by the National Guards with the bayonet , courageously defended the post and retained their prisoners ; the gendarmerie , overpowered and ill-treated by superior

      numbers , were obliged to surrender theirs . The government has decided that so serious a violation of military discipline , of authority , and of the law , demands a repression . The prisoners rescued have been recaptured , and warrants have been issued against the men who converted their uniform into an insurrectionary flag . The matter has been referred to the Court of Appeal . But before any judicial punishment can take place the government owes to the public an example . The President of the Republic , on the report of the Minister of the Interior , has this day pronounced the dissolution of the National Guard of Dijon . '

      The Invasion of Italy . —The second portion o £ tt « 7 r « irfi expedition u » Civita Yeccbia left Ton-Ion and Marseilles on the Istinst .

      MrORTAXT DEBATE IX THE -ASSEMBLY ON THE expedition it } HOME , — DEFEAT OF THE GOVERNMENT ! 11 On Monday the following important discussion took place in the National Assembly . Tie President : The tribune is to M . J . Favre for interpellations respecting the affairs of Italy . ( Marks of attention . ) If . J . Favre expressed his surprise that the government had not come forward and stated what it knew of the affairs of the French troops in Italy . That not having been done , he had considered it his du ' y to bring forward the matter himself . He had , howaver . previously spoken to tbe Minister of

      Foreign . Affairs on the subject , and bad learned from liisu that the intelligence which the government had received was " not sufficiently precise to alio : * him to come forward and speak to the Assfliilly on the subject . But the question appears i to him ( M . J . Favre ) too important to admit of d-J . v ; he , therefore , now had to address the Assembly on the point . The honourable gentleman then referred to the circumstances connected with the passing of the bill of April I 7 th , authorising the expedition Jo Civita Vecchia , and referred to the declarations of the Minister of Foreign Affairs and of the President of the Council , that that expedi ' tion proceeded to Italy , for the purpose of securing

      the liberty of Italy , and that jts great object , was to prevent Austria from interfering alone in the affairs of " the Pope . " The honourable gentleman then gave a sketch of the proceedings attendant on the landing of the French troops at Civita Vecchia , and argued that the conduct of the General-in-Chief was anything bnttbatof the leader of a friendly force . The Prefect of Civita Vecchia had been suspended , and in a proclamation which was issued the next day , it was stated , that had not the French troops been amicably received , an entrance would have been made good by force . ( Marks of dissent from various parts of tbe chamber . ) The honourable gentleman then alluded to the resistance manifested at Rome , and declared that the responsibility of the blood of the unfortunate soldiers of France who had fallen , must fall on the

      jUinisiers who had directed the French troops to march io Rome , ( Tremendous cheering on the ieft here burst forth . ) The Minister of Foreign Aff * irs , when interrogated two days back by the Committse of Foreign Affairs , had declared that the French troops had beea called on to advance to Eome by the population . -Far from that , however , it appeared now beyond any doubt that the French corps , far from being received with a friendly feeling , had found barricades drawn up in their wav , and had been obliged to retreat , and remain at some distance from the point at which they had at first arrived . Yet , notwithstanding this sad catastrophe , tbe government , the evening before , in the ' Patrie , which was the organ of its communications—( laughter)—and in tbe 'Moniteur ' of that morning , had spoken of the matter as to a certain extent

      unimportant . He , however , thought it exceedingly grave , as here was a body of French troops looked on in Italy as intruders , as foreigners—for certainly the French were so to the Italians—nay , as robbers who entered"the country without leave , and contrary to the wish of the people . The horn gentleman then proceeded to read f rom the Moniteur ' passages from the speeches of M . Drouyn de Lhuys and M . O . Barrot , with aview to show that the present conduct of the French troops in Italy was altogether at variance with the language then used . If the ministry had then entertained any concealed thought , he , for his part , must denounce such

      conduct as shameful , and highlydisrespectful to the Assembly . ( Hear , hear . ) At all events this was certain , that the position of the expeditionary corps was 1 most critical , and whether it had arisen from neglect or treason was to him altogether indifferent . irSS ^ 2 ^ ' a The chara ' ° * he Fren <* Sj ^ I ^ W ^ ' 8114 » 8 cSlourS sullied by XS £ ? te ^ the corps under General Oarhnot . -NewYejnforcemeats were itannearpfl tn ^ eu t ^;^ t ; h honld eerSy ' reff ^ tne xawtpr ^ re , mannerr-to extend his confidence to S [» S v ^' ™ W ac t M that now contem . ? £ V , < Hear . ? hear , ; hear . ) He trusted- that the asttmb . y wouhtinsist on having a committee ap-

      Tra3sce. Paris, Saturday.—The Fete Of Ye...

      pointed seance tenants to examine the instructions sent to the Generaldn-Chiaf of the French troops at Rome , and to send in a report at once . " ( Loud cheers on the Left . ) He repeated it , the position of the French troops was most critical . - Hehad before him a private letter , and an article which , would-be published nest day in a public journal ; declaring that five assaults had ,-been-given by the French troops at the barricades , though without success ; that 150 men had been killed , and 600 wounded . ( Movement . ) Such was the bulletin of the last act to It the

      Of the expeditionary column Rome . Assembly , under such circumstanees ; did : not protest ; by a solemn vote , against the conduct of the government , the influence of France would be lost in Europe ; and the ' expeditions ' of theMonarcby . to surfport the cause of liberty would he found infinitely more worthy of praise than those of the Republic . Tbe honourable gentleman then alluded to the fact of France having formerly sent troopsto America to free that country from , he said , English tyranny , and concluded by calling on the Ministry to come forward andde 2 iare what couras it now intended to

      pursue , under the sad circumstances which he had spoken of . ( Loud cheers on the Left . ) M . 0 . Barrot , the President of the Council , thought that before any representative came forward to bring serious charges against a ministry , he ought to examine carefully whether his facts were true . What had been the wishes of the Assembly when the question of the Roman Republic had been discussed ? Was it that the French Republic ought to admit a conjoint responsibility with the Republic of Rome ? No ; on tbe contrary , its vote went the other way . It had decided that France should abstain from all

      active interference in the affairs of the Roman Republic . No doubt M . Ledru Rollin had advocated another line of conduct—had thought that the Republic ought to aid another , as being the only means of defending liberty throughout the world . The government refused to adopt any such line of conduct , and the Assembly approved of what it had decided on . Why then did France interfere in the affairs of Italy , and send a division to Civita Vecchia ? Because she could not alio » r another great power of Europe to interfere alone in the affairs of Rome . He could declare that the government had not received other intelligence than what had been published , the telegraphic despatch having been stopped short by the darkness .

      General de Lamoricikre said , that certainly the affair was grave . It bad been decided in the committee of foreign affairs , that a position should be taken up at Civita Vecchia , even by force . It had also been decided , that if Austria marched on Rome , or if the Roman population required the advance of the French troops , an advance should be made on that city . M . Fiocon read some letters , which , he said , had been received from Toulon , giving accounts of the affair at Rome . They gave the details such as MFavre had spoken of . One of them , after speaking of a great loss sustained by the French troops , declare that the French , inhabitants at Rome would fight against the new comers ; also , that now the barricades were erected , the declaration that tho French Republic would respect all nationalities should be adhered to .

      M . Drotjtn de Lhuys , the Minister of Foreign Affairs , said that ' M . J . Favre wished to bring forward a , sort of law against suspected persons , and to punfth on mere surmise . For bis . part , he could say that the General had acted with the utmost loyalty , and he was quite ready to appear before any committee and explain his conduct , and state what instructions were given to General Oudinot ; . M . J . Favre supported his proposition for the appointment of a committee . M . 0 . Barrot agreed to the committee . It was then decided that the representatives should at once withdraw to the bureaux , and appoint the committee as proposed . At nine o ' clock in the evening the Assembly again met when

      M . Senard read the report , which , after some preliminaries , states that the majority of the committee consider that the direction given to the expedition is not conformable to the idea in which it was conceived and accepted . The instructions given to the General commanding the expedition appear to us to be different from tbe declarations made in tbe Tribune by the government . The General appears , also , to have gone beyond his instructions , since he has attacked the Roman Republic . In consequence , the committee proposes the following resolution : — 'The National Assembly invites the government to take without delay the measures necessary that the expedition to Italy shall not be any longer turned aside from the object for -which it was designed . '

      This motion was strongly opposed by M . Drouyn de Lhuys , in the name of the government , but after several amendments had been rejected , it was carried by 328 to 241 ; majority against ministers , 87 . The result was received with loud cries of ' Vive la BepnblJqus' from the Opposition . On Monday evening M . Cofesideranl presented to M . Marrast a project of impeachment of the President of the Republic and the ministry , signed by sixty members of the Assembly . Before M . Cnnsiderant could make his proposal , however , Mi Marrast declared the sitting closed . The following appears in the ' National' : — ' THE ENVOI' OP HOME , IS THE NAME OF THE ROMAN PEOPLE , TO HIS BROTHERS OF FRANCE . '

      ' A sanguinary combat has taken plaee between the inhabitants of Borne and the children of France , whom rigorous orders urged against our homes . The sentiment of military honour commanded tbem to obey their chiefs ; the sentiment of patriotism ordered us to defend our liberties and our country . Honour is saved , but at what a price ! May the terrible responsibility be averted from us , who are united by the bonds of charity . May even the culpable be pardoned—they are sufficiently punished by

      remorse . * Health and fraternity . ' L . FbapomJ , Colonel , < Envoy Extraordinary of the Roman : Republic at Paris . '

      ITALY . THK FRENCH INVASION . Accounts from Genoa of the 1 st inst ., confirm the account of the march of General Oudinot from that place for Rome . He left on the morning of the 28 th . Before marching , General Oudinot issued another proclamation . He had disarmed a portion of the Pontifical Municipal Guards , suspended the liberty of the press , and adopted other measures , against which the governor of Civita Vecchia protested . It was said that the Romans were determined to resist a Voutranee , and that tbe government expresses its determination to blow up the Vatican and St . Peter ' s rather than yield the city to the French .

      The Roman government had impeached the governor and commandant of Civita Vecchia , for not resisting the landing of the French expedition . Letters from Rome of tbe 25 th ult . state that the constituent Assembly had declared itself permanent , and decreed that every deputy who should abandon his post in the present critical circumstances should be considered a traitor to his country . The Assembly afterwards voted the following protest , which was instantly forwarded to General Oudinot \—'ROMAN HEPUBLIC .

      'Citizens , —The Roman Assembly , unmoved by the menace of invading the territory of the Republic , and conscious that that invasion—not- provoked by the conduct of the Republic abroad , nor preceded by any communieaUon on the part of the French government , the exciter of anarchy in a country which , tranquil and orderly , reposed in the consciousness of its own rights and the harmony of its citizens—violates at once the right of nations , the obligations assumedby the French people in its con * stitntion , and the ties of fraternity which ought naturally to conjoin the two Republics , protests , in the name of God and the people , against the attempted invasion ) declares Us firm purpose of resisting , and . renders France responsible for the consequences . ? Borne , April 25 th , 1849 .

      ' Done in public sitting at 1 a . m ., 'The President of the Assembly , ;; 'A . SAHCETTI . . ' The Secretaries , Fabrbtti , Cocchi , Pbnnachi . * The following manifesto was published on the same day by theTriumvirs : — . ' Romans !—A foreign intervention menaces the territory of the Republic . A corps of French soldiers bas presented itself at Civita Vecchia . Whatever their intentions may be , the Salvation of the principle freely adopted by the people ,. the right of nations , the honour of the Soman name , commands the Republic to resist ; and the Republic will resist . - - " .:-.:- ' - ' - 7 ' ¦ '

      ' It is important that the people should prove to France and the world , that they are a people not of boys but of men ; and of men who have dictated laws and given civilisation toJEurope . It is important that no one should he able to say , 'The ? Romans wished , hnt knew not how to be free . ' .-It is important that the Fiench nation should learn , -from our

      Tra3sce. Paris, Saturday.—The Fete Of Ye...

      resistance , our declarations , our attitude , our prayers , ant irrevocable decision to be no longer subject to the abhorred government which we overthrew . -Let the people look to these thing ? . The people will be dishonoured and the Country betrayed if a contrary course is taken . 'The Assembly is sitting in permanence ; the Triumvirate will fulfil , whatever may befall , its own mandates—order , solemn ca ! m , concentrated energy . The government will watch inexorably every attempt that may be made to plunge the country into anarchy , or to stir up troubles to . the injury of the . Republic , Citizens , organise : ; yourselves , and group yourselves anew around us . -God and the people , the laws and our strength , will triumph . ' Given from the residence of the Triumvirate , April 25 th , 1949 .

      The Triumvirs—Giuseppe . Mazzini , Carlo Arnellinb , Aubexio Saffi . ' Preparations for the Defence of Rome . — - The 'Corriere Mercantile' of Genoa of the 30 th ult . contains details from Rome up to the 26 th ;— ' The Assembly has decreed unanimously that it will op ., pose force to the French invasion . Rome is in a state of exultation . All are ready to defend the Republic . The lower classes already begin to cry , Death to the French ! ' ' The Roman Republic for ever'' The rumour has moreover gained ground that the French have brought over the cholera . The hall of the Assembly was yesterday crowded to excess ; an unanimous cry ef approbation was

      raised when the decree in favour of resistance was read . A decree of the triumvirate directs that all the horses of Rome and the environs be put in requisition for the use of the government ; in short , the most active preparations are being made to offer a most determined resistance . It is believed , however , that the French Republicans will not proceed to extremities , nor bombard Republican Rome . The . bakers sell no more bread , as everybody is making great provision of victuals . The barricades have already been begun outside the Civita Vecchia gate , and at this moment the Ponte Molle , a bridge outside the Porta del Popolo Is being mined . All promise to resist , all are taking : to arms ; the Corso is frightfully crowded . Cicervacchio declares that all Trastevere is ready to repel the French .

      Tomorrow . we shall see the result . Meantime a cart load of swords , which were leaving the town , has been stopped . To-morrow , probably , the post will not leave , so have no anxiety about us , f or it will be a sign that we have gained the day . Up to this hour ( six p . m . ) nothing new . This evening we expect Garibaldi from Terracina . The French have disarmed the battalion Melara that had been sent from here to repel them ; they have also disarmed the garrison of Civita Vecchia . The 1 , 000 Lombards , under the command of Arduino , have been detained in the port of Civita Vecchia , and prevented from landing , by the French Republicans All this intelligence is official . The most imposing measures have been taken te prevent a reactionary movement here ; but , be assured , it will not be even attempted .

      ' Seven p . m . ;—A courier has just arrived with the intelligence that the French have allowed the column Mahara , composed of 1 , 100 Lombards , to land . The Minister of Foreign Affairs ( Rusconi ) is expected to return every moment . Meantime , all is pieparing for defence , and troops are setting out f or Ancona . The barricades are making great progress . The immediate destruction of the viaduct leading from the Vatican to Castel St . Angelo has been decreed , in order to obtain materials to strengthen the barricades and other works of defence . Rusconi has arrived in the greatest haste . ' ( From the'Daily News . ' )

      Rome , April 29 . —The enthusiasm of the citizens and troops , instead of flagging , is every hour rising with energy . The National Guard was passed in review before the Assembly . and the triumvirs this morning , and all swore to defend Rome to the last drop of their blood . The lower orders are in a perfect state of frenzy , and brandish pitchforks , knives , and every imaginable implement , crying out for the infamous French invaders to come in if they dare . The Princess Trivulzio de Belgioioso is at the head of

      a committee of noble ladies who are busy preparing bandages for the wounded and wadding for the cannon . All the bridges of the city , from Ponte Molle to Ponte Sisto and St . Bartolomeo , are undermined , ready to be blown up . TheTiber is now swollen . The artillery staff are erecting batteries , and the engineers redoubts , at which , the people work with zeal and alacrity . All the paving stones of the town are in heaps , and are being carried to the tops of tbe houses . ' -

      The French were last night at Paolo , twenty-five miles off , but now ( at nine o ' clock p . m . ) they are reported a few miles off . Oudinot has received a deputation , and hesitates to advance . He is said to have asked for an armistice of nine days , no doubt to allow the second division of his men to corns from Toulon . This won ' t do now ; he is come too far to get back with honoufi and a horrid butchery must ensue . In the sitting of the Assembly at Rome on the 27 th , Mantecchi , minister of public works , gave an account of his journey to Civita Vecchia , and confirmed the report made by Rusconi . TheAssembly then . declared that it persisted in the first decision , that is , to oppose the French .

      A proclamation was accordingly put forth to the Roman troops , stating therein that the French had violated a free territory , but that they should nut conquer the Soman people . By a decree of the triumvirate of Rome , also of the 27 th ult ., all members of religious orders are free to abandon them ; and those among them who wish to join the army and defend their country will be received with gratitude . The French Repulsed !—The Paris

      'Moniteur , of Sunday evening , published the following : — 'According to telegraphic despatches which have reached the government , General Oudinot had set put on his march for Rome , where , according to every information , he was called by the wishes of the people . But having met on the part of foreigners who occupy Rome more serious resistance than he expected , he took up his position at some distance from the city , to wait , the arrival of reinforcements . '

      IMPORTANT ! THE FRENCH DEFEATED WITH GREAT LOSS . -s Later news confirms the above report of . the repulse of the French with a lost of 180 men killed and 400 wounded . The * Ssntinelle' of Toulon says : — ' We have received news from Rome by the Veloce , which left Civ . ita Vecchia on the 1 st . The army set out on its march on the 28 th ult ., and in spite of the obstacles which it met with on its way , arrived . on tbe 30 fch under the walls of Rome . The general-inchief sent forward Captain Oudinot with a flag of truce , but he was seized and detained . Our soldiers then advanced , and were" received with firing from some houses in which a number of Lombardsand other Italians had entrenched themselves . Our

      troops returned the fire ; but from the moment that a resistance appeared determined on , the gerieraUnchief withdrew his troops towards Castelgindo , four leagues from Rome . ' The same journal , in a subsequent paragraph , has the following : — « B y the frigate Orenoque , which . has arrived this evening ( Thursday ) from Civita Vecchia , which , she quitted on the 2 nd at noon we have received new details respecting the situation of our expedition . It appears that our troops , in greater numbers , made a

      second attempt to penetrate into Rome ? and that they experienced a sharp resistance . A company of the tirailleurs of Vincennes , having advanced ' too far in a . street , an attempt was made to extricate it , but this was not without loss . A company of voltigeurs of the 20 th was entirely destroyed by awell-supportedfire from the windows . We have also to deplore the death of a captain of artillery , the aide-de camp of General Oudinot . We reckon 180 killed amL-400 wounded . Our army has-retired to St . Paolo , a league and a half from Rome . '

      _ It appears that , besides the expedition to Civita vecchia , the French Government has sent an expedition to Ancona , which will probably be also becupied under some pretext or other . '; INVASION OF THE ROMAN STATES BY THE A . US-. TRIANS AND NEAPOLITANS . ' ¦ i-„ TuRiN # May 3 .-On the 1 st 6 , 000 ' men left Milan , going towards Ferrara . It is said that they are , * o enter Bologna . Other troops have left for ? n rS ? ny' ' Ihe S « ri « m of Milan is reduced to 5 , 000 men . ..... . ¦ t . May 4 .-The Minister of France to the Minister of Foreign affa , rs :-- « Raaetsky has left Milan for Malghera . He has givendrders for the entry into the Romagna and Tuscany of 27 , 000 men , who are on their march . Three battalions have been sent from . Tneate to occupy Ancona . '

      Gaeta , Apnl 30—The King of Naples yesterday entered the States of tbe Church , at the head of 5 , 000 . men . ¦ f ; -r , IiOMBARDy . —More Austrian Atrocities , —The following appears in the 'National , ' which prefaces the paragraph by saying , ' This is an exact copyof a decree published at Treviso ';— « The mili-

      Tra3sce. Paris, Saturday.—The Fete Of Ye...

      tary council of war has just condemned and found cuilty Of enrolling soldiers for the foreigner-lst , Jacquer Tasso , aged forty , advocate , hyingat Belluno , to he hung ; ¦ this punishment was commuted to deathv by shooting , which sentence was camed into execution . ' 2 ndly . Pierre Pante , aged ; sixty , lanied proprietor ; to ten years' hard labour m-heavy chains ; Dominique Forhezzt , to five years of the same punishment in light chains ; Angehcc-Signorini , of Portogruaro , to the same . Have also been shot ; b y order of court-martial ' ; Monsignore Trieste , canon of Asolo , and one monk . , By Imperial order , ^ Piedmont . —At Turin , oh the ^ rd inst ., General Ramorino was sentenced to death .

      ... Genoa papers , of the 3 d , state that 7 , 000 Austrian infantry and 800 cavalry , commanded by General d'Aspre , have left Massa for Leghorn . At Florence it was said that Count Serristori was to be Provisional Regent of Tuscany , with a ministry composed of the friends of the Grand Duke . A new Provisional Government has been appointed at Leghorn . SICILY—A telegraphic despatch from Palermo , dated tbe 26 th , ult . confirms the unconditional submission of that city and of the whole of Sicily . General Filang eri entered on the 29 th .

      GERMANY . IMPORTANT PROCEEDINGS IX THE FRANKFORT

      NATIONAL ASSEMBLY . The above Assembly met again on the 4 th inst ., in order to receive the report ef the Committee of Thirty respecting the necessary measure for enforcing the constitution . The house was crowded in all parts , and several members of the late Second Chamber in Prussia were present . The Committee proposed the following resolutions : — 'That Assembly resolves : — ' 1 st . To invite the governments , the legislative assemblies , the communes of the various states , ' and the en tire German nation , to acknowledge and enforce the constitution of the German empire , as voted on the 28 th of March , 1849 . '

      ' 2 nd . That the 15 th ot August , 184 ° , be fixed as the day on which the first diet shall assemble in Frankfort-on-the-Maine , by virtue of the constitution . ' * 3 rd . That the 15 th of July , 1849 , be the day for the elections for the People ' s House . ' 4 th . That , apart from Austria , the lon-admis * sion of which was at the time regulated by the 87 th section of the constitution—in case any state should

      not be represented in the diet , and , on that account , any provision of the constitution for all Germany should not appear practicable , such provision shall be provisionally altered in the way prescribed by the constitution until the time in which the said constitution shall be in full force ; the 196 th section ( No . 1 ) , which prescribes that two-thirds of the members be present ( to form a house ) vritt be carried out with reference only to those states which have made the elections . '

      « 5 th . That should Prussia , above all , not be represented in the diet , and should not , therefore , have acknowledged expressly or de facto the constitution , that the head of that state which , compared with the others represented in the House of States , possesses the greatest number of inhabitants , will be invested , under the title of stadt holder of the empire , with the rights and duties of the supreme head of Germany . ' 'Cth . That so soon , however , as the constitution be acknowledged by Prussia , the dignity of supreme head of Germany becomes , ipso facto , transferred by the virtue of the 68 th and following sections of the constitution , to the King of Prussia reigning at the time of the recognition of the constitution . '

      ' 7 th . That the supreme head of'the empire shall take the oath to observe the constitution , and shall then open the diet , after which the National Assembly is dissolved . ' - ' Before the debate commenced , the President read a note addressed to him by the Baron Von Gagern , the head , pro tern ., of the central cabinet . That note was to the effect that the central ministry , by virtue of the law of June 28 , 1848 , respecting the formation of a central power ( a law declaring that power

      the executive in all cases where the general interests and security of Germany were concerned ) , do not acknowledge the right of any single state to take general measures - for the maintenance of the tranquillity and peace of the empire—a right claimed by the Prussian government in that part of a recent circular note in which they express their determination to put down revolutionary movements on all sides , and to lend their aid to the governments in which those movements occur .

      The reading of this important document ( particularly the passage in which the right claimed by Prussia is not acknowledged ) called forth long-continued cheering . A violent sitting followed . Mohl proposed a direct appeal to the people , and the formation of an Imperial army to overthrow all treacherous thrones with their arms . He made use of violent language against the King of Prussia , amidst the greatest noise and cosfusion . Bescler spoke in favour of the propositions of the majority , as given above . Vogt made a violent speech , and advocated an immediate declaration of war against Russia , which , with the connivance of ^ Prussia , was coming to put down liberty . Various other orators addressed the Assembly in similar language . Ultimately the propositions of the majority of the committee were adopted .

      INSURRECTION IN SAXONY . The rumours of an outbreak at Dresden , and of a sanguinary collision between the troops and the people ( the latter , of course , aided by the National Guard ) , are confirmed by the arrival of despatches , and by travellers from Dresden . The people hearing that the King had refused to accept the German Constitution , attacked the arsenal ; the troops were called out , and fired ; the Communal Guard , in lieu of assisting the military , hesitated— -were , either purposely or accidentally , fired upon by the latterand . then joined the populace ; barricades were thrown up ; and ' the King , arrested for a . while , quitted Dresden , and retired to Konigstein ; . . .

      When the train left , the struggle was not entirely terminated , or , at all events , the question was not decided whether there should be a Provisional government proclaimed by the people , or whether M . Carlowitz , who left Berlin for Dresden , would be permitted to form a Ministry in the King ' s name . The accounts state that thirty-four of the people were killed , and a proportionate number wounded . The troops in Leipsig were ordered to Dresden , but the populace tore up the rails to prevent , their departure . . ; .... ' ¦

      Later accounts from Dresden are contradictory . According to some accounts the insurrection is at an end . On the other side we have the following : — ! A considerable number of troops of the line , includingTOO artillerymen , had passed over to the insurgents in tbe former city , and acknowledged the Provisional Government . ' On the 6 th inst ., the Leipsic board of aldermen resolved to give free railway tickets to all persons desirous of joining in the insurrection in Dresden . Numbers proceeded thither . On the same day an immense crowd proceeded to the Town Hall , and proclaimed the Republic . FURTHER PARTICULARS—THE ' REPUBLIC '

      DEMANDED ! The Berlin correspondent of the' Morning Chronicle' writes as follows : ~' Leipsig , where the fair is now being held , is in the greatest state of excitement ; but , beyond taking up thi rails to prevent the troops from proceeding to Dresden , there have been no acts of violence . The flame of insurrection appears to be spreading . At Brunswick the populace , . or rather the People ^ Association , have formed a permanent committee , which is . to sit day and night ;

      three to form a quorum , relieving each other every two hours . ' The government has been compelled to give eight pieces of cannon to the Burgher Guard ; and to deliver up all arms in-its possession for the purpose of arming the people in general . Crowds throng the streets ; open air meetings are held ' : by way of proving their consistency , and the sincerity with which they adhere to the constitution that they have compelled the Government to accept , these crowds fill the air with shouts of ' the Republic for ever . "

      ENTRY OF THE PRUSSIANS INTO SAXONY . , , The correspondent of the 'Times' writes from BerIin , ; May 5 th : ~ By the latest train from Dresden intelligence is brought of the arrival of the first detachment of Prussian troops in that city , thus proving the rumour of the taking up the rails . on the fron tier to be unfounded . The Saxon troops acted with the greatest bravery throughout the conflict , ancj the efforts of the Provisional Government , or rather Committee of Public Safety , organised with such precipitation , did not shake their fidelity . At the departure of the train the above self-constituted body had expressed a . readiness to capitulate on be . half of the citizens in the Alstadt , and there was every prospect _ 'bf order being restored . " ; Excmu )^ Statb of HANOYERo-The Polytechnic

      Tra3sce. Paris, Saturday.—The Fete Of Ye...

      School has been closed . > y , vgovernmenJ until the 14 th inst ., and the corps : of students disarmed . The police have forbidden the ; p Vocession _ en mam to the palace on the ^ th , for the purpose ofderaanditig the ^ dismissal -of ministers . The troops are wavering between the king , and ; National Assembly . Prussian troops are expected in the capital , and ; on the whole , affairs are alarming in u _ : —« - « . « - * « - *„«

      ,... „ THE WAR IN HUNGARY . - INTERESTING . LETTER FROM / GENERAL BEM . ^ I Mr . Colquhoun , her Majesty ^ Consul-General in Wallaehia , presents his compliments to Lord Dudley Stuart , and begs to forward a letter which he ' received yesterday from Transylvania ,: whither t Mr . Colquhoun had occasion to send a confidential person to . reclaim Lady Horatia Weston ,, who had been shut up in the fortress of Karlsbourg for some months ; Lady Horatia reached Bucharest in safety yesterday , having met with every attention from General Bern , who requested Mr . Colquhoun ' s messenger to forward the enclosed letter for Lord Dudley Stuart , which Mr , Celquhoun has now the honour of doing .- —Bucharest , 16 th April , 1843 . TO LORD DUDLEY COUITS STUART , M . P .

      My : Lord , —Many events have taken place since I quitted London . - After a stay of two months in Paris , where I knocked at every door of the government , and was answered only by vague observations , ! returned to Galicia , my native country , to see into its present state . There I perceived that the clemency of the Austrian government was but fei gned , and that it awaited only a favourable opportunity to crush again the new-born liberty and nationality of Poland .

      To come to a thorough knowledge of the state of things , and with a view to serve my country , I repaired to Vienna , where I arrived a few days afterthe revolution , and after the departure of the emperor , its result . ¦ Invited by the national guard of Vienna , I accepted the command of that corps , which unfortunately never exceeded in number 10 , 000 men . ' However , the chances seemed io be in our favour , the Hungarians had beaten . and put to flight the Austrian troops , who sought for safety under the walls of Vienna .

      If ^ the Hungarian array had then pursued them we should have completely destroyed them , and might have then fallen upon the troops under Windischgr & tz , and beaten them also ; in which case it would have been easy for us to have brought back the emperor from Olmutz to Vienna . The matter would then have been settled , and the constitutional regime established . But the Hungarian army was commanded by men devoted . to the Austrian camarilla . The march of the army was retarded under various pretexts , and thus time was given to

      the Austrian forces to concentrate about Vienna , and to crush U before the attack had been made . It was only the day when Vienna , weakly defended by the national guards , fell under the murderous fire of the Austrian troops , that the Hungarian army advanced to Schwehat , four leagues from Vienna . The Austrians were enabled to bring up all their forces to repulse the Hungarians , who having become at length aware of the treachery of their generals and superior officers , drove them away , and arrived , headed alone by young officers , promoted to command on the spur of the occasion .

      Repulsed by the enemy , the Hungarian army recrossed the frontier , and . took up a position at Presburg . I was fortunate in being able to quit Vienna , and to arrive in disguise at Presburg . Having offered my services to the Hungarian govftrnment , the honour was conferred on me of commanding the army which was to conquer Transylvania . Between 18 , 000 and 20 , 000 Austrian troops , with their generals , which the camarilla had employed to kindle and keep alive a civil war , performed their task

      throughout that country , called to their aid the Russians ( ten thousand of whom came from Wallaehia ) , and occupied the frontier towns of Hermanstadfc and Kronstadl . This armed , intervention of a foreign power checked for a moment my progress . However this state of thingsdid not last long , and I was for-, tnnate enough to beat both , to drive them entirely out of Transylvania , and to restore liberty to that unfortunate country . Such is the state of things at this moment . You can well imagine what pleasure I feel when fate puts it into mf power to thrash ( etriller ) the Muscovites .

      I hope that after having put things m order in this country , I may be able to pass into Hungary , and there to assist in expelling or destroying the array of Windischgratz . Our successes are not doubtful ones , our army is effective and numerousmore than 100 , 000 men , well-armed and animated with an excellent spirit , may be brought together and directed against the Austrian army . Inferior in number , and surrounded by a hostile population , my arrival with an army well disciplined and accustomed to fighting will , I hope , give a mortal blow to tbe army of Windischgratz ,

      I do not write to our dear Snulczewski , nor to any other of my friends , for I have been unfortunate enough to lose one of the fingers of my right hand by a bullet , and from which I am still suffering ; but I embrace them all most cordially . - I believe it will be interesting to Mr . Young to learn that though another wound has increased my bodily Bufferings , though my leg is not as yet completely cured , and that , since my leaving London , no more splinters have issued from i > , I can walk without a cane , and ride , on horseback , I flatter myself that I may be able to take an active part in the grand operations that are now in preparation for the present year .

      Please to accept , my lord , the expression of my greatest esteem arid o f my highest consideration . ( Signed)—The General-in-Chief of the Hungarian Army in Transylvania . " Bem . Mulenbach , April 4 , 1849 .

      . . . . THE RUSSIAN INVASION . The Vienna correspondent of the ' Times' writing on May the 1 st says : — c ' The intervention of the Russians , which has so much occupied our public , is at length officially an * nouncedin a short article in the ' Wiener Zeitung ' of this " morning , Tt is' as follows : —' The insurrectum in Hungary has attained such a height during the last few months , and has in its present phasis so distinctly , shown , that it is . a combination of the

      whole strength of the European subversive party , that it is the interest of all states to support the Imperial government in its efforts to prevent the dissolution of social order which is aimed at there . — Actuated by this weighty motive , the Cabinet , of His Majesty the Emperor has been moved to claim the armed intervention of His Majesty the Emperor of Russia , which has been granted in the most generous and efficient manner . The measures mutually agreed on are in full progress . '

      The Hungarians have entered the Tiiroczer Cnuntywith 15 , 000 men and 30 guns , and have already taken-possession of Massocz aind St . MartOn . It is supposed that their object is either to close the ' passes from Silesia and Galicia , or to secure an issue into the Prussian territory if " necessary .. ; I learn from a good source that a body of . Bern ' s troops , thongh not under his : personal command , has taken not only Karansebes but also Lugas , Bern himself is said to have retired into Transylvania . Later . —The Russian vanguard has , I am informed , crossed the . Cracow frontier with 8 , 000 men . It is reported that General Benedek is already , in Kasmark with 4 , 000 men . . ¦ - ¦*;

      , Hungary declared " Independent . >¦« The •; National' announces that Kossuth has published a manifesto declaring the independence of Hunkrv and ; of the annexed provinces ; and the deposition of the House of Hapsburg Lorraine ; as guilty 0 f having excited aff impious war . * -a ; ¦ : ¦;• .. ¦ .: ™

      SIXTY THOUSAND RUSSIANS IN TRAN

      • : 'SYLVANIA ; :: v ; . .: ^; ;> :.-of u ?™^ ' ¥ ^ - -s «* y thousand ^ Russians have at last entered- Transylv ania . They came in three K ^ entjurm Pass ahd . Tomros from Wallaehia . PnL 2 " , ' » r 03 a ^^^ Buckowina . ^ The Austrian ^ Olonel , l ) orsner , wuh five other Imperial officers , « W r $ ^^*?« «»« ^ lumns ., At Radzlwill , near Brody in . Gahcia , are 50 , 000 Russians } at Tomaschow , 40 , 00 . 0 ; and at . Michalowize , on the Gahcian frontier , 40 , 000 more . Eight reserve bat . tauons . march to Lemberg ; where they will encamp and . exercise . ';; ' - :: vu * - ' - - . ' -- ' ¦ ';• . - ' , - "" ¦ : ; ' - . - * - ' . More : HraGARUN VicT 6 Rik ^^ General Bern ha ^ taken the ci ty- ; 6 f Temeshvar . The account s which have reached'Vienna from Austrian Silesia wereTery . alarming , for the Hungarians seemed dis . to

      posea carry the war outof their own country into to carry the defiles of Jablonkmu There « ri ? uS doubt but thatthey would aicceed . ' e

      .. MOST IMPORTANT . ! : ^^ m ^^^^^ : - HUNGARY A-smMC-iiM '' :. - ; - " . . TKeiollowingisthe . Hungarian declarationbt in .

      Tra3sce. Paris, Saturday.—The Fete Of Ye...

      the Diet at Debreczin ; The kingdom of Hungary with the inclusion of Transyl . vania and Croatia , is erected into | an independent republic , under a respottsihle president . THE HUNGARIAN DECLARATION OF INDEPENDENCE , ' The 14 th of April , 1849 , is an eternal era ^ n the history of Hungary . The representatives of the nation assembled on . this day at Debreczin , in their accustomed house of meeting , to resolve one of the leading questions of their great mission , and to decide the lot of Hun . gary , in relation to the ruling dynasty of Hapsburg . Lorraine . In order , however , that the resolution to betaken might be attended with the publicity and solemnity befitting so great an occasion , the sitting was held in the great Reformed Church , in presence of thousands of the people . 1 .. *^ Dipt , nArn ^ . ; n : ThR-kinMlnm - nf-Hnn . »; .

      Ludvfiir Kossuth , President of the Committee of National Defence , reported upon the battles won , and the victorious career of our brave array . Then he declared that now the time was come for Hungary to strip off the shackles which she had worn for three hundred years , and to take the rank which she deserved among European states . Now , once for all , must she renounce all submission to the sceptre of a dynasty which had repaid her services with ingratitude and her allegiance with treachery . This decree of the National Assembly was longed for by

      the nation , who had born with loyal and patriotic readiness the burthens of their struggle tor liberty ; it was demanded by the army , which had poured forth its blood so liberally to save the country ; it was necessitated by circumstances , in order that Hungary might be properly represented at the European congress which was contemplated , in order to settle the new face of things in some more possible shape than the entirely broken-up old one was . In one word , the country , the world , God , all required from the house of representatives this final

      resolution . The President of the Government then proposed the following motions : — . ' 1 . Hungary , together with Transylvania , and all parts , lands , and provinces appertaining to the Hungarian kingdom , is publicly proclaimed as a free and independent European state . The unity of its surface is declared indivisible , and its integrity inviolable . ' 2 . The house of Hapshurg . Lorraine , through its treachery , perjury , and employment of armed force against the Hungarian nation , no less than through the boldness with which it has dismembered the

      territorial integrity of the land , by severing from Hungary , Croatia and Transylvania , shrinking not from the slaughter of the people with armed force —has with'Mts own hands , torn up the pragmatic sanction , and sundered that bond , which , upon the base of a mutual connexion , subsisted , between the said house and Hungary with its annexed lands . This perjured house of Hapsburg-LorraVne is for ever excluded from the sovereignty of Hungary , Transylvania , and the parts , provinces , and lands appertaining to the Hungarian kingdom , in the name of the nation , deposed , and banished from , the enjoyment of the ground and all civic rights .

      ' 3- While Hungary , according to her indefeasible natural rights , enters into the European family of states as a self-dependent , independent , and free state , she declares at the same time that it is her firm resolve to observe towards all the other states , as long as her own rights remain uninjured , relations of peace and friendship , especially towards those states which were heretofore united with us under the same sovereign , and to live on terms of good understanding as well with the Turkish empire as withthe Italian states , and to lay with these the f oundation of a friendly intercourse upon reciprocal interests . '

      4 4 . The future system of government will in all its details be brought to completion by the National Assembly . Meantime , until this is done , the country in its whole extent will be governed by a president of'the government , with the ministers , to be appointed by him , at his side , Under his own and their personal responsibility . A committee of three members is charged with the digestion of these resolutions .

      The representatives of the nation , with one will and one voice , accepted the motion of the president , Kossuth ; and thousands of the people expressed , with the most fervid enthusiasm , their unanimous adherence to the resolutions of their representatives . Upon the 4 th proposition of Ludwig Kossuth , the house chose him by acclamation for first president of the government under the new order of things ; The committee of three chosen consists of Kossuth , Emerich Czaczvarz , and Stephen Gorove .

      The President of the Upper House , Baron Pereng put to the vote , on the same day , the resolutions adopted in the Lower , which were passed with enthusiasm unanimity , all the members rising up from their seats . Poles to Arms ' .-General Bern has addressed a proclamation to his countrymen ( the Poles ) calling upon them to assemble beneath the standard of their own count ry . His address is evidently causing r auc h sensation , and a fermentation is perceptible throughout the length and breadth of the land , REPORTED INSURRECTION IN SILESIA . The Democratic press has a report of a rising among the peasantry in Lower Silesia , and that , in order to prevent the passage by rail of the Russian troops , thev have destroyed the road .

      UNITED STATES AND CALIFORNIA . . New York , April 20 . — Tin arrival of the Europa , whose news was telegraphed , by the way of St . John ' s and Boston , about twenty hours in advance , has put us in possession of the triumph of Radetski and the fall of Charles Albert , with the probable return of Pius to Rome . All this excites the deepest regreti If there is one power more than another whose policy is hateful to the American people , it is that of Austria . The dungeons which held Lafayette and Silvio Pellico , will now contain some new martyrs to liberty , and « the knife follow where the pincers tear . '

      A despatch has been received at Washington from San Francisco , dated the 20 th of February last . It appears that there bas been a great sickness and an unusual mortality among the Californian emigrants . The weather has been severe , and the sufferings of the people intense . Commodore Jones , of the American squadron , was engaged in making a survey of the bay of San Francisco and the Sacramento river , beading the , expedition for that purpose iu person . The United States government has sent out instructions to General Smith to exercise as wide an authority as possible in governing California , and to maintain order under his military authority until a territorial government is established . Emigration thatway has evidently been checked . The steamer Crescent City sailed on ' the 17 th with about 153 passengers , and the" Falcon went off to-day with about half that number .

      The ship Angelique sails in a lew days with a large number of young women , of respectabls families , for San Francisco , ostensibly as school teachers and re « ligious missionaries . ¦• They go out under the lead of Mrs . Famham , a female somewhat known for her public efforts in the Fry school . We presume they will find the fasso of matrimony ready for the whole of them .

      THE SANDWICH ISLANDS . EXTRAORDINARY DESTRUCTION OF LIFE BV THE MEASLES . . ...... Upwards of ten thousand of the natives of these islands have recently been carried off by that singular disease the measles . I t seems to have brokea out in January , a month in which Us appe & tatica as an epidemic generally takes place . As medical men under these circumstances rarely look for the termination of the contagion until May , we expect to hear more of its desolating progress ; and when we consider , that the effects of the disease in this form are to be found afterwards in ' the shape of consumption and general debility , it would almost seem as if the native races were to he swept away .

      Liuerir.—Do Not Allow Yourselves To Be D...

      LiuERir . —Do not allow yourselves to be deceived by vain words . Many will seek to ; persuade you , that you are really free , because they have written upon a sheet of paper the word liberty , and Btuck ft at every corner of the street . " Liberty is hot a placard stuck on walls . It is a living powerwhich wo feel within us and wi thout us ;; the protecting genius of the domestic heart , the guarantee of social rights , and tho first of such rights ., . . . .. " . -. . The oppressor who masks himself with its nam ? , is the worst of oppressors . Ho joins lying to

      tyim libertyas holy . ;; ; , ; Be on your guard , then , against those who cry PHt , ' . Liberty , Liberty , and yet destroy it by tholM doings . . , . . , Liberty will shine upon you , when , by force ot courage and perseverance , you shall have emanc i « pated yourselves frOra all these slaveries . Liberty will shine upon you , when you shall hare said , ' in the depth of your soul , We wish to be «** » . when , : . iu order tbtecomc so , you shall be ready W sacrifice all , and to suffer all ;—Lamnnais . _ Why is a tight shoe like a , fine awtuacr ?—J * eCftw » it raakea thecorn grow ,- ' .-

  • Citation
    • Northern Star (1837-1852), May 12, 1849, page 2, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse.ac.uk/periodicals/ns/issues/ns2_12051849/page/2/