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THE FRENCH REPUBLIC. TMievine the events...
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THE EUROPEAN REVOLUTION. GERMANY. The mo...
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Note: This text has been automatically extracted via Optical Character Recognition (OCR) software. The text has not been manually corrected and should not be relied on to be an accurate representation of the item.
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—The Mission Ef Interfering Between The ...
n ^ THE NORTHERN STAR . May 13 , 184 & ° i i mn —~—»——jm ^—m ^—I ii im nua Kai ^ ma rHutaaumuiutmnvmummnwmrn-wimiaiif ^^/'' - "' ' ^'""' mi n , ' " MUNI— i
The French Republic. Tmievine The Events...
THE FRENCH REPUBLIC . TMievine the events now transpiring in France to te of h ^ restest importance to the working classes 5 , £ countrv , we are anxious to make this depart-«? - •; [ fnr journal comethiiiB more than the isnai Sm ' ° i-nt of * vieirs ; ' we desire , in fact , to m . k l % forvof tne R-public-tbis will explain why this £ eek we give several documents we could not find roaafor in our Ikb * nnmber . THS LiTE CONFLICT AT ROUEN . The following address was i * seed last week by b . an cui's Club : — TO THE PEoVISlOXAL G 1 VF . BNKEST . C fien ? , —The counter-revolution has alreaoy bathed R « lf in the Wo 'd < . f the people . Justice , immed : a : e jasfc » on the ss ? ns ; in ?! ., For two m-inths past tbe RayalUt bourgeoisie of Rousr . 6 « , conspired ia « crrt a St Bartholomew againrt the WDlkicg clEBStB . It had ready an immense proviso f CMttidees The eutliori * s < rere aware of it .
« . T 7 ord 5 of d-. t hbave t-e-n hoard from tmw to tim > . thepreeuriJry s-mutes * r-f the cat-strophe . W em « t do for these canoFto . ' (*/««* «^» 0 EK ees ' > Cffiail ' es , in truth , who in F-bru . ry . after three da ) s resistance compelled the Civ : c Gsird to suSmit to tht B ; pubiic . . Ci-: zensof theTrjviBtonal government , bow comes it thst tw ^ monAs h ^ - . pa « sed without the working popu-Istian of R-u-n -. nd ih-. neighbouring valleys having be- n orjnnised as National Guard * ! How co rces It tha : the aristocracy alone pocaessed o rganisationan * , arms ? How comes it at the moment ofthe er-cni ' .-n of its fearful conspiracy it found before it unarmed bosoms alone ? Hjh-co ^ . es it tb :-. t the 23 th Regiment of the L ae , the fetal hews of tbe Saabourg de Yaisa in 183 i , was quartexed in Rouen ? How comes it that the earrUon was at the orders of generals declared ennnies of the R u-ublic , -of a General Gerard , the creature and the ame damnee of Louts Phi
lijip ? They tfc ' rrted for a bloody vengeance , these assassin * ef the fallen dtn ^ ty ! They wanted eu April massacre to ssnsole them for a second July . Thej have not needed to wait long . , . la these days of April , scarcely trro months after the revelation ! This wm quick work , citiseas of tbe Pro-Tiiionsl Government . And nothing was wanting to complete this new scene of April ' Neither jrrapeshot , nor balls , nor demolished houses nor a state of slew , nor the fnocity of tbe milltarv nortbeinsalt to the bodies of the fleaa . nor the unan i mous Insulting Unstuge of tbe papers , those dastsrdly worship ? rs of force ! The Rua Trausnonatn has been surpssseO ! Tnose who read the recital of these exploits of brigands may inncine themselves returned to there fatal days wfcieh formerly covered France wish mourning and with shame .
_ The executioners are tbe fame-tbe same the victims Oa tbo one side the frantic bourgeoisie pushing on from behind to tbe carriage the foolish soldiers whom they had Stud tvith wine and haired ; on tha Other , nnhappj workman filling without defence beneath the balls and fcsyoaet * of assassins . To complete the re-sernM * nee , look at the Cow Royale —the judges of Loull Philippe falling , like a hyenapwk « pon the r . muant of tho ma ? = acre , and fillioffdcngecn s with two hundred and fifty Republicans . At the bead of this irqiisition is Frank Carre , the execrable Procureur . G ; neral of tbe C-art of Peers , —this ether Laubsrderaont , who , i » May , 1839 . d-.-manded with frenzy & s beads ol-hi insurgents . Warrants are sent as fur as Piris for the arrest ofthe patriots who fl d before this Hoyalist prescription .
It is a Royalist terror thit now reigns at Rouen . Do jon n it knoa- it . citiir-ns of the provisional g vernment ! The Civic Guard oi Romm has re j cted wiih tury the R--jrablic ofthe moath of Febraary . It is the Republic « pai . i =. t which it thsphemeg-lt is the Republic it dtsires t > GvertbKuv . All the R : pu licjns of eld date have been thrown into irons ; your own agents era menaced with death , deprivei of their p laces , srsarded . The municipal magistrates- , L = masson and Duraed . have been dra ged slon ; the streets—tbe bajonet on their hearts , their dressnt « ra to rjgs . Thy are in prison by tbe authority of thr rebels ! It is a Roy alistinsurrection tbat has triumphed in the old capltsl of Norsaandy ; and it is you , Repub i can Goreniisent . who protect tha rebel assaseinp . Is this treason , 0 ? is it coeaidio .- !! Are yoa mere steppinp licnes , or sro jou the accorrp'icfs ?
Figbtine has pone on ; you ksotv it well ; and you allow the hub end mighty deeds of tbe murderers to be glorioasly vt uated oo high ! In your ryes , as in thatof kizg ? , is the blood of the psopla m re water—gooi for nanabt hnt to ws ; h the choked stretts from time to time ? Effice . then—efficefrom your edific ; s that detestable lie in thr'e wrds whinh vou have inscribed opoa tV em—liberty , equality fraternity ! Iryo = r wives or your daughters , brilliant ar . d delicate erestuTes , who drag about in sumptuous equ i pages their i-jdolence , all gHtteriLjr with siik and gold , had brrn Sunif all at once at your feet , tbeir bosoms torn by the Bteel oi pitiless enemies , what a bowl of grief and vengesne * you woulo cause to re-echo to the very extremities ofthe worH !
Tfell , then , go ' . go sal res stretched npnn tbe stones of jour hospital * , opoa fie straw of the garrets , the eo-pes nf murdered vtamen , tbeir fcr asts piereed by halls of the bourgeoisie : those bressts . mark jou , that hava bcrse and snc ' nl >? d workmen , the sweat of whose brow fattens t * iose verj bourgeoisie . The women of the prople are worth as much as your own wives snd daughters ; end their blood cannot , and ranit not , r-min without being avenge ' . Justice , thea , jastheujoa tha asiasiins ' . We denHnd , — First ' y . —The dfssolatioa and the disarsiing of the bourgcoU guard cf Sou-n . Stcon- 'Iy , —Tbe arrest ard trial of tbe generals and officers of the bourgeois guard , and of the troops of the line , who crdtred and directe-1 tha massacre .
Third y , —Tu < 3 arrtst tnd trial of those soi-aisr . nt members of the Court of Appeal , creatures named by Louis Phil'ppe , who , cctiog in the name and for the interests of the victorious Royalist faction , hare imprisoned tia legitimate maii-strates of this town , and filled its dungeons wiih Republicans , Fourthly , —The immediate dismissal frcm Paris of all the troops ofthe line , wticm , at this very mouunt , tbe reactionists are preparing , ct fratricide banquets , for a St Bjr : holo ? new o ^ the Piiis-iin wotknien . In the name ofthe Ct-ntral Repub'ican Society , the membErs of the Bureau : —
L . Acguste Bluhqci , President , C . Lscahbse , D M . 1 V , Vice-Preiident , FtoTrf , Treasurer , PtesBB Beeacd \ LOBOXE , > Secretaries , ( i . RoBEST , J LtC 3 SHBB 4 UDIE , > . Ca-jcssE , i Pdjoi . f Members of the JiVELOT , Jan ,, f Buretitt . Bkccelb , ^ F 0 KSEE . TES . TiX , J In r ? pk to the above docurapnternie ofthe panei 8 published a letter signed * E . H . de la Pierre , Sub Lientfnant of Ctaveum 4 Cheval , ' from which we Eire the following extract : —
A mast iacradible publication by A . Blanqut , Lscatnore , and other leaders of a too notorious club , was di ? - tribated jesterday ia all quarters of Paris . The olc ca tmny that the army turns to poar its shot upoa it ' brethren cf the public is repeated in every line . The good sense of the inbltc will do justice upon so gross ao indignity . Is there any need for our declaring that war in the streets is hsteful to u » ! Erery oneknowe that io no instance has the first fir ? corns from onr ranks . Our e ^ nie of duty , our love for France , have ever betn our enly guide ? , aad 't is not the least painful of the sacrifices we are bound to make to our eoustry to be ft reed to defend our lives and our honour as soldiers against unhappy men towards whom we have no animosity , tnd whom tbe insensate p re ^ ocations of false friendand ambitions and shameless mtn let loose upon us .
The following is the copy of another placard issued by the Society of the Rights of Man and of theCitiieri / signed amongst others by the celebrated Barbes—SOCIETE DE 6 D 50 ITS DE l / HOHSS EX » n ClTOTEtT , — This society has for itt object—first , to f eftnd tbe rights of the people , the exercise of which has been restored to them by tbe revolution of February — secondly , to draw feoas ' . his rev » lution all its s * cial consequences . As it « poiBtijf departure , tfee society takes . the Daclaratlon of the Richie of iian as laid down in 179 S . by Robespierre It easues that , la a political point of view , the Republic one an £ indivisi le , comprehends the in ^ lietable laws o ' tie people . Iu a social point of view , tbe old Conetitu tion is abiliibed , and tha' which is cal-ed to replace it
mu » t reFt oa tqualiiy , solidarity and fraternity the fun iamentalprimiples of the new socit . 1 contract . Consequently , tbe social revolution now at its commtneeuient places itself between the Parias and tbe privileged of th ancient state of society . To the first it say « — be united hat calm , for in this lies your strergth . Voar nnmbfi is SUCtUua $ itBU'it suffice to manifest your win EEd raakr ysu obtain all you desire . It is also such that you cannot desire anything but what is just . Your voice snd your will era the voice and the will of God . To th . Others it says — the old social form has disappeared The r ^ isH of privilege and cxploit-iiion is passed .
In the point of view of the ancient socnlform . if the privileges with which you w . re invested were acquired in a lt-gal mar . ntr , do not avail yourselvesof thi m ; these laws were your owe work ; the immense majority < i j our brethren were strangers to them , and therefore are iot bound to respect them . Rally , thea , together , for ton have need of the pardon of those whom you have bm fcng sacrificed . If , in spi ; eof this promise of pardon jsa persist in remsinipg isolated in order to defend tb ^ ilde'cislform , you will find in the vanguard , on the i ay ofeTiflict , our sections organised , and your brethren villno longer hold towards you the language of pardon , l-nttiiat ef justice .
The de ! e ? ates of the society , Vilais , Kajoleoit , Lebok , Hubeb , Ceifpbok , Babbes Subsequently the followine proclamation was issued Kv Caussidte re . the Prefect of Police ;—_ rxtrrcrcra op Police . — Oitizenp , — D . afe rumours Circulate for same days in all ranks of society . Written cr verhai pr . vocations are addressed by one part of ttfe papuUtioa to the otaer . The duty of tbe Prefect o WkelitOrWfcli at lU ttses over tie eeeariiror
The French Republic. Tmievine The Events...
citls ns and tto trinquillfy vt Pari » . The agitation eseited by ths-se appeals to disorder has called forth my s llicitude . I hope that real repub'icaas flilt understand bat to-day mire than ever the government should reckon oa their energetic fupport . At the moment when th ? rpresentatires ofthe people are about to unite , when the gravest quastions are about to be dis-•¦ usiert , trim republican institutions are about to be c > me reahtiep , to receive with the acclamations of popular sentiment the consecration of the pure and deliberate ju ' gment ef the representatives of tho people , tnd aisure its vrdfare , when in shtrt all the powers which conFtituto humanity are ab-utto sanctify the republic , our idol , shall wp , citizens , form two hostile
riHBpsjai'd show the we > r ! d , when has its eyes on France ' , thit at Ihe foot of our mnnumentr , where we have inscribed ' Liber'c , Egaliie , Fraterniie . ' ohil . dren of tbe sami common mother sre in arms ngainst odchntKer ? Toar magistrates , citiz-ns , he , above a'l , fiat you have rallrd to the post which he could only occupy to conduce to the utrropt of his means to the conitnrm security , will not believe suchaaenor . Th >" stmjrir ' e of nrms , when tbe arena of freo dI « cu sion is op-ned can only be the work of trai'ors to tho republic , or madmen wishing to bring tho dieonhrs of their own ¦ msg nation into tbe social system . But the republic rtaouTces thesn for hr children—she has only given birth t > m ^ n of patriotic and generous minds , nnd it is io ri"al republicans she will confide her destinies .
The Atelifr , Citizen Aibert ' s organ , contained the following article addressed
TO THE BEV !> LUTin ? JI 3 TS . If you ar < - dissatisfied because thepupulsr element is pot sufficVntly r ; presented in the Consti ; u ° nt Assembly we are of your opinion . If you are dissaiisfnd because trb d Re' -ublicans , because able Socialists fa'ive n t sieu "heir naai'S issue 'ram tbo urn , wu are ef vour opinion . If you a' 6 dissatisfied at beholding the narrow and im . puissant Li eralism ofthe old dynastic Ltftre-appesrlng ou the p jlitical scene with a numerous cortege , n e are of yrur opinion . Aad not only we are of jour opinion , but wp b 3 l"ng to yourselves if you wish to act on the majority , and oblige it br all the means of the press , the spoken word , and association , to realise nil tho institu tions which the time demands . W . ; belong to you to orevmt the light from being hid under a bushel , to cause
- very idea to be brought forirnrd , and to show what it is worth by bring ' sutjected to the tes' of pub c discussion . We b < long to you to give an additional impulse to the wheel of progress , to easse the revolution of Fe . bruary to keep its promi'ts , the sovereignty ofthe people to remain a verity , the working classes to at last possess tbe instruments ef labour . But if there axe any nm ngst von who are unwilling , or who do not know how lo make use of tbe powerful means given to every one by the liberty to speak , to write , to meet—if there are any who are incHn-d lo proceed under the Republic an tkey were forced to proofed under the Monarchy , by an appeal to ann »; if there are any who think of sach mians , wi ? are cot with them , wu are against them ; we shall con sidsr them as enemies , end we shall treat tbem as usurpers of the sovereignty belonging to the people .
LAST ACTS OF TUB PROVISIONAL GOVERNMENT . The prov i sional government showed to the very last the same activity which , during the two months of its existence had astonished tbe world . On the last day ofitstenu-c of power , it issued proclamations , order ? , and decrees on every imaginable 4-s * ch of th <* Administration . We eelect a few . The city of Paris is ordered to continue the rue Ri vnli to the rue St Antoine . and is authorised to raise nine millions of francs for tbat purpose . The officers if th ? Garde R ? pnbliciine ( a body of ultra-democrats , ) have thrjr grades corferred , and rank g iven r . n them , a ? if they were in tho regular army . The new ctiinnce of th Republic is regulated and ar raneed , and an announcement is made tbat the
enr ' aving ofthe dye and matrix will be public competition . The governor * of the ex-royal palaces are henceforth to be called administratiri ' and their Fakrifls are fixed at 3 000 fratics aa the maximum , and 2 000 francs as tbe minimum . The old system of conrts-martial i < dire away with , and a new one instituted Cotton and wool are allowed to be im rortr-d by frnd ( as well as sea ) on payment of a duty of 30 f . per 100 kibgrammes . The lsw for the recrnitirg of the army is applied to the colonies , and uo distinction is to ba made between coloured people ind others . The maritime inscription is also applied to the ceilnmeg , and ateliers nationaux are to ba established for the benefit of the emancipated ne croes . Lastly , a great number of magistrates are dismissed .
OPENING OF THE NATIONAL ASSEMBLY . On Thursday , tbe 4 " . h of May , tho National Assembly was formally openeo . AH Paris seemed determined ta consider this soleiinity as an occpsion to make a holiday , and nr v < r did the weather shine m 're propitious to their wishes . The sun shone forth Gloriously all day , wh-lst a gentle brnz ^ tempered the heat , which wou d o'h ^ rwipp have been oppressive . The preparations to d- » honour to the solemnity commenced at an early hour in the morning . About nine o ' clock the drums bea * to arms , and the various lesions nf the National Guard having assembled .
they procpeded to take np their statwas , lininu tbe who ' e way fr-m the Min ' s ' ry of Justice in the Place Vendome , whence the cortege started , up to tbe Chamber of Deputies , being interspersed here and t '^ ere with a bittalion or two of the Garde Mobile . Two fine regiments of the line , tbellthfnl blsr , a snperb regiment , of Lancers , and an tqualiy fin ** one nf Dra ° oons . likewise assembled in the Place Vendoras , in order to form part of the procession . As these twoas marched up to their posts , they were enthusia < tica'Iy cheered by tbe National Guards , whos ° demonstrations of regard they seemed to return with f qual good wi . l .
About baff past twelve o ' clock the mrmrersof the Provisional Government le'fc the Ministry of Justice- The line fixed fcr the procession was up tbe Rue de la Pais , along the Boulevards , d ' wn the Rue Royale . across the Place de ! a Concorde and the bridge to the Chan b * r . The whole way was lined on both sides by National Guards , while the streets and window * were crowded by happi-lnokin ? sore ' . & tora . Fi'st came a t-quadron ef tbe cavalry of the National Guard—a splend'dly mounted body < i men , follow d by a party of lancers ; then came the members of the Provisional Government , on foot , and surrounded bv a nnmprnu- « and brilliant staff .
Nothing could be mors enthusiastic or unanimous than the chctr * with which thty were received , and they seemed to receive with t ^ l-asure , as they walked alons bareheaded , these testtmrnials in tbeir favour , now that they were about to resign into tbe hands ofthe popular Assembly tbeir arduous and laborious du'iee . Tbeir carriages followed brhino , and the whole party tras escorted by Janrers . As the pr ^ ce wion moved on , tbe air resounded with cries of' Vive la R ° publique , ' ' Vive la Gauvernement Provisoire . ' The only members pirticularised were MM . Ltmartine and Marrast , for whom many cries were raised . The cortege was chsed by several battalions of tbe National Guards and the troops which had lined the streets , arid who fell in turn into the line of march .
All the approaches of the Chimber were occupied at any earl * hour ; and evf n a patient enwd "f aspirants for the olsce * reserved to the public without tickets paesed the night in the open air to mske sure of entering in the morning . Arioue the first of the members of the ex-Chamber nf Deputies who arrived , were MM . Odilon Barrot , Billault , Bereer , Isambar ^ an d Larral'it , General Subervie , MM . St Albin , Dunin , Blrji de Bourdon Leon Faueber , Berryer , Tachereau , Bouiaix de la Menrtbe , Lunean . and ITavin . Shortly afterwards theex-Marqui * da la R-chejaquplin , the ex-Viscount de Fsilonx , M \ f . Leon de Mai ' evi'le , Cormien . Glaiza-Bizoni , Vivien , the ex-Count de St Priest , and several others entered . In the crowd three
priests , m theirecc ' esiastieal habiti , were toba seen , 'mong whom the most remarkable was the Abbe F nurnier , tho Legitimist Curt of Nar-tes . A great sensation wa = created by the entry of the celebrated Abbe Lacordaire , in his white Dominican habit For some minutes every eye was turned upon bim . He appeared abashed by the general gaze and hastily retreated to one of the most rf mote seats in the Chamber . On the entrv of the celebrated pret Beranger , & great nnmber of the members went up to him . and shook him cordiallv by the hand , among the foremost of whom were M Dupin and M . Befyer . Only one bishop was present , and he was not in hia full ecclesiastical babit . Of the new members , with the exception rf thnge whom I have mentioned above
the persons who appeared * o excite most curiosity were M . Barbes . tbf detenue politique—a , fine , soldier-like min ; M . Emar-uel Arato , whose recrnt exploit * at Lvons gainrd him some no'oriety , the Abbe Lamennais ; M . WoUowski . the prifessorof the Ec'lodes Arts efc des Metiers ; and M . Ltici-n Marat , the son of Mura , King nf Naples , and nephew of Nipoleon The appearance of Astonin , the coal porter , whom the electors nf Marseilles have chosen to send as thfir representative to the National AB'erablv . in p re erence tn M . Tliiera , was eaeerly looked to ; but every one was disappointed to find tbat instead of an orthodox portefaix , he wa ^ * h rul- 'orne yaung man , of good adores ; . , and rather recherche in his hahi iments . One o f the reraarkab ' e parts of tli 3 whole affair was the absence in appearar . ee or costume of the members who hid been
elected undert he title of ouiriers The two galleries at each side of the dork , at the . end of the hall were occupied by tbe bleused ptiH e , The gallery set aside lor the corps di plomatique , was occupied b y the ErgUsh nroba-sad r and Lady Nurmanby , his lordship being the only ambassador present , and L'dy N urnanby hein ^ the only lady > n tj-e amb < Sssdors' callery . Lird Norroanl y was not in bis official costume . * Th re were also i * same gallery the M nis'e--R f > r tbe United Staes , for the Republics of the Equador , Ne w Granada , aad f-ir Tuscany , M de Thorn , the chancellier and obarae d ' sfftires ofthe Austrian embassy , the ebarse d ' aff aires of Haiti , Mr Edwardes . of the British enbas » v , & o & a- In other gal ' eries were wmt o ladies , who ' were stated to be tbe wives and families of the raecil-ers of the Provisional Government .
At ten winutea pv . t one M . Audry de Pnyre neati , the rlfest metcber , to-Jt the chair as proTisionsl p-ewdent of the Chamber . lie was assisted by MJLds St JBea 7 # > Aylon , Freanau , Astouin , Laaa
The French Republic. Tmievine The Events...
geaunol , Ferruilot , aud Avoud , as provisional secretaries . Shortly afterwards the cannon of tbe Inva lides announced that the members of the provisional government had arrived at the Chamber . The President immediately directed the members to take their places and to preserve silence . Just at this time a lareebody ofthe colonels and officers of the National Guardappeared at thfi door in foil costume , but M . Chateau Renand , the Governor of the Palais Bourbon , immediately appeared , and prevented them from entering . Up > n this a strange scene took pla : e . The officers endeavoured to force tbeir way ,
but the governor declared loudly that no person with arms could enter the hail of tho National Assembly , and that if any attempted it , they would pass over his body . This declaration produced great cheering , with cries from the members in t > . e kouaeof 'he is right . ' A scene of great confusion followed , the officers still pressing forward , and bayonets were seen at the doar . At length the President ordered tbe doors to be closed , and after a short discussion a csvnpromiBe was entered into , by which the officers were to remain in the antechamber , and to ba a guard of honour to the members of the provisional government on its entry .
At half-past one o clock the drums announced the entry of the provisional government into the Chamber . The [ members were preceded by the officers of the Chambers in bourgeois dresses , but wearing the sashes of office . The members of the provisional g » - vernment marched three abreast . In the first rank was the venerable president of the provisional government , Dupont ( de l'Eure ) , who appeared very frail , pnpported on the one sid ^ by Limartine , and on the other by Louis Blanc . 1 hen followed Arago , Cremieux , and Marie ; after them came Ledru-Rollin , and Gamier-Pages , and N . Fiocon and Albert came last . On tbeir appearance on the floor of the Chamber , the whole ot the members received tbem with immense shouting , and cries of ' Vive le
Gouvernement Provisoire ! Vive la Republique ! ' which lasted for several minutes , and was echoed back by the persons in the public galleries and crowd outside . The scene was one of great enthusiasm . Tho provisional government was followed by eorae of the National Guards , who remained oloseto the tribune . When the provisional government had entered well into tbe Chamber , tbe cry of * Vive la Rapablique !' again rose ; and after tbe sound had ceased it rose a third time louder than ever , the representatives the whole time accompanying the cry with clapping of hands . The members of the provisional government then took their seats oa the front seat on the lefc hand of the President . After remaining there for a few minutes ,
The Prgvishnal Pebsioekt rose and said : The sitting is opened ; I call upon the citizen President of the Provisional government . Citizen Dupont ( de l'Eure ) , followed by the other members of the provisional government , then proceeded to the tribune , and read the i ' oilewing speech in a very feeble tone of voice : — EPEtCa OF THE FBEilDENT OF TUB PROVISIONAL
GOVERNMENT . Citizen Representatives of the People , Tbe provisional government of tbe Republic comes to bow b . foro the nation , and to render a signal homage to the supreme power with which you are invested . Elect of the people ! wo wolcomu you to this great capital , where your presence excites a sentiment of hssppinsss and hopo will net be deceived . Trustees of the national sovereignty , you are about to found new institutions upon the broad basis of democracy , and to giv < i to France the only constitution that can suit b , r—i Republican constitution , ( Hero tbe whole Assembly rose , aud with their right bands raised , cried . ' Vive la Republique !'
But afttr having proclaimed the great political law which is about to organise definitively the country , like us , citls m reprcsentativis , you will proceed to regulate the possible and efficacious action of tbe government in the relations which the necessi ies of labour establish amang all cit z 3 ns , and which ought to have for basis the sacred laws of justice and fraternity . ( Renewed cheering , and cries of ' Tive la Itepubliq'je !') In fine , th # time rrna arrived for tbe provielonal government to rjiign into your hands the unlimited power with which the Revolution had luvostrd it . Tou know that , with regard to ourselves , this dictatorship was only a moral power , exercised iu the midst of those difficult circumstances through which we have passed , Faithful to our origin aad our personal conviction , we havfl not hesitated to proclaim the Republic of February .
To-day we shall inaugurate the labours of thoNatleoal A .= 5 <> mbl s to the ct j that should always sal'ite It— ' Vive la Rspubiiquo !' The cry was ag ^ in repeated with the greatest enthusiasm by the Assembly . Citizen Dapont ( d l'Eure ) having left the tribune , M . Cremieux ascended it in his turn , and informed tha Assembly that its session was opened , and that iti » labours commenced on tbat day . He afterwards called on the president to request tho representatives of the people to retire into their Standing Committees to verify their powers . Citizen de Puiraveau having trai emitted that request to tbe Assembly , it adjourned amidst oriea of * Vive la Republique' and ' Vive le G mvernement Provisoire . ' At tbree o ' clock , tbe deputies having completed the verification of tbeir powers , re-entered the hill , when the Pr sident callrd on Citizen Bouchard , the chairman of tbe first committee , to communicate to the Assembly the result of its labours .
Citizen Bjucbard having ascended the tribune , proposed tbe admission of a number of deputies whose election waa found valid by his committee . Citizen Demosthenes Ollivicr next rose and demandtd that , after the admission of every m- ; mber , he should mount the tribune , and there , in the pro sence of the Assembly , take the oath of allegiance to the Republic . A number of members here interrupted tha speaker , crjing , 'The oath is abolished ! ' * By whom ? ' asked Citizen Ollivier ,
'do you place the power ofthe provisional government abave tbat ofthe National Assembly ? ' ( Cries , ' The oath is abolished , and for ever . ' ) Citizrn CremieuX , the Minister of Justice , then rose and said , that the oath of allegiance had been the pceaiion of so mucb scandal during ihe lasl sixty years , and had excited such universal indignation , tbat the provisional government bad thought proper to abolish it . ' The oath of every true'ttepubiican , ' added the Minister Ma in his heart , and not m his lips . '
The Assembly recaived that declaration ofthe Minister with great applause , and ratified , by itsunaniEioua approbation , the measure adopted by the provisional governxent , amidst deafening cries ot Vive la Republique , ' and ' Vive le Gouvernement Previsoire . ' Of the thirty-four returns for the Seine , thirtythree were declared valid ; but that of Sohmit , having been objected t » on the ground of false representations , was referred to a special committee . Citizen Bzrger then ascended the throne , and said :
Citz-ins , in tho name of the deputies of the Seine , I propose to the National Assembly the solemn pro . claraation of the Republic , . ( Thunders of applause . ) Citizens of France , lot the whole world know that the Republic eohmnly proc ' aimed with enthusiasm , ia , and will remain , tbe form of tbe goverr , ment of this country . ( Renewed applause ) Let us never forget this grest day . In the aame of the country let men oi all opinions no longtr form buteno family ; that this day may be truly the fete ot concord and of fraternity . ( Cries of 'Vivo la Republique ! ' from all parts ofthe Ch'mber . )
C . tiz' -n Clemrnt Thomas : I demand tbat the procla . mutton which has just been proposed should be made in the name of all tbe representatives . If we had been consulted beforehand v . « should all have approved of it ; it should , therefore , be done in the name ef the National Assembly . Citizen Berger . —I am happy la seelrg tha members of the National Aeaembly wish to unite thBrneslveg to the representatives of the Seine . Cittzen Ducoux —I unreservedly applaud tbe feeling which has dictated the proclamation ; and no
one more than myself was more anxious to proclaim the Republic one and indivisible ; bnt permit nw to observe that « is not in an Incidental manner that so important an act should be aecomplisbed . The Republic will be great and durabla enough for us to be able to proclaim it at a solemn moment ; let the incident which has just taken pluco bo , tberefere , regarded as an ezprasiiou of a movement which we could not contain ; but I demand that the democratic and fraternal Re public should be hereafter proclaimed with all th" - solemnity befitting such an important act . ( Loud applause . )
Citizen Vusebte . —I demand that in ths minu tes o the sitting it sb » ll be ezpreasljr mentioned that our acclamations far tbe Republic were ttnariimous . A Yeic . i . — -The Republic isa / oit accompli . I cannot comprehend that it could bo put in question . Citizen Etiense Aeaqo . — The people proclaimed it before you . Citizen EmhanceIi Abaoo —^ o postponement , i' > our acclamations be raised at once , and proclaim the Republic forthwith . ( Crlrs of ' Yes , yca . ' ) Citizen Degoossee It has been saM that the artillery of the Invalides and in the Champs Elys . 'es would announce the proclamation of tha Republic . The p ' Ople are assembled there to await it with » ' noble Impatience . Let us not make them wait any longtr . ( Approbation . ) ... A Vuicb . —As yet it has been only proclaimed
provi-CUize ' n Hobe —After the fact should come the lb-fat . CiJ'Z H Barbes . —We have only to proclaim the Republie after the p-. pie . L-. t us oil cry ' Long live tho Republic—on' ' , indlvlslbl ' , f . nd social !' Citizen Tbeiat . — The Republic is a fact which has been preparinR for many Ion ; . ' years , a necessary , a scientific fict . The proof of its necessity is that it , is proclaimed in this Chamber , adjoining the other where it was corabatted two months since . The greatoflt proof is , tbat even those who then protteted agaiast it do so no longer . If there are any citizens here who think of another form of government . ( 'No no ' 'Vive la Republique ! ' ) The Republic , therefore ' , islihethosun ' —blind . is he who does not see it .
tfew acclamations of 'Vive la Republiqqe , Vive Lrbej-ie , S ^ ahfe , Fraternite . * Allies we then turned oa Odiiko . Barret aad
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his colleagues , who ultimately joined the rest in ad . hering to tbe Republic . G neral Coubtais , —1 come in tbo name of the people of Paris . I request tho members ofthe provisional government to comd Out on the peristyle of tho building , and tho representatives of the people to follow thara , in oriJer to proclaim the Republic . ( Great agitation . ) The whole Assembly rose in the midst of tbe loudest acclamations of approval .
FINAL PROCLAMATION OF THE REPUBLIC . The provisional government leading the way , tho whole of tie Aasembly proceeded ou'side to the steps in front of t * he bnildin " . opposite to the Pont de la Concorde . AH the tfiicers of the National Guard , which during the latter part of the sitting had occupied the wide space at each side of the estrade , as far as tho cornet s of the tribune , took up their stations fllose ti them . An immense number of National Guards was admitted inside the railing , below the steps , whilst the colours of the different legions were conducted up with great ceremony to the space between tha pillar ? , and then disposed at equal distances on each side of the provisional government . Tiifl lyliole of the open area between the Chamber and the bridge , and far down along the quays , on each
side , was den-el > covered with closely packed crowds of people , interspersed » itb large bodies of the Garde Mobile , and other National Guards . Cries of ' Vive la Republique ' . ' arose both from the crowd and the troops standing on the step * : other cries of We want the troops of the line ! ' ' We want the clours of the line ! ' burst out from various parties of the crowd . This cry was at lost repeated ao petseveringly that General Courtais was obliged to descend the steps and go outside the railing to bring in several co ' ours of tbe Hlc , each under a numerous escort . Tbe ccene then became of a more enthusiastic character . Swords were waved on high ; milltery caps were displayed on the points of bayonets ; the bands played national airs ; the cannon thundered from the Invalides ; and the air was rent with cries of' Vive la Republique !'
The Republic waa proclaimed and accepted unequivocally by tbe National Assembly , in the presence of 200 , 000 of the people of Paris . Wee to those , or to any class who shall occasion doubts of the sincerity of that acceptation . I hear at every Bide to day to retract is impossible . The sligh tat appearance of reaction will raise Paris in fl Ames and deluge its streets with bit od . After some time had been sp ? nt in allowing the people to give utterance to their feelings of joy at this proclamation of the Republic , the representatives returned to the hall of assembly . The greatest agitation continued to prevail for some time , and , after one or two other returns were validated , the Assembly adjourned at a quarter-past six o'clock .
PROCLAMATION . ' The following proclamation was posted up on the walls of Paris on Thursday m > rning : — The National Assembly , the faithful interpreter of the sentiments of the people , by whom It has been elected , previous to commencing its labours , — Declares , in the name of the French people , and in tbe face of thepntire world , that the Republic , proclaimed on the 24 th of February , 1818 , is , and shall remain , tho form ofthe government of France . The Repub icdesired by France has odoptol the motto , ' Liberty , Equality , Fraternity . ' In the name of tha country , the National Assembly in . treats Frenchmen of every political patty to forget former feude . and to form in future but one family . The day on which tbo representatives of the people met is for allthecitiz ns tbefeastof conccrd and fraternity . 'Vive la Republique !' THE NATIONAL ASSEMBLY .
Friday , May 5 th . —At one o ' clock , Citizen Audry de Puiraveau took the chair , accompanied by the six youngest members aetiog aa secretaries . There was on the part of the public the same degree of curiosity as on the preceding day . The galleries were filled with spectators , many ef whom were dressed in blouses , and large groups stationed round the palace M . Avond , one of the secretaries , having read the procs verbal of the proceedings of tbe preceding day . the chairman of the eighth committee proclaimed the admission of the deputies of tbe department of the Lot , amongst wham fkured Murat , son of the former King of Naples . Murat was born in Naples , but the onmrr tttee , considering him as good a Frenchman as if he was a native of France , proposed his admission , which was unanimously ratified by the Assembly .
The admission of the Bishop of Orleans , and other members ofthe department of Loirer , was adjourned until the result of the inquiry instituted into act ; of corruption and sacerdotal influence , denounced by some electors , should bs known . The deputies of tbe Haute Vienne and Pas de Ca lais , were next admitted without any opposition . The Piesident having observed that the majority of the members had been admitted , and that the Assembly might proceed to elect its Pres'dent . a desultory discussion arose relative to the duratioa of his functions . Sowe members objected that , as the house had not yet framed its internal regulations , the functions of the President should be essentially temoorary . It was finally agreed that they should be limited to one month .
Nine tibles for the scrutineers were then brought in , and the following results were obiained : — M . BuehfZ 390 M . Trelat 231 M . Recutt ... ... ... 91 M . Buchiz was then proclaimed President . The following were elected Vice-Presidents : —Recurt , Cavaignac , Corbon , Gurnard , Cornienin , and Senard . The fnllewing were elected Secretaries : —Peupin , Robert , Degeorge ( Frederic ) , Pyat ( Felix ) , Lacrosse , and Pean . Saturday , fjthinsfc . —At one . o ' clock , M . Buohez the president , took tbe chair .
Thepr sidents of diffjrentcommittees successively proposed the admission of the deputies of several departments , who were proclaimed , with the exception only of two of the members of the department of the Lot , one of whom was Abbe Fayet , bishop of Orleans . These were said to have been returned by tlie influence of tbe nobles and priests of ihe district of Marvejols , wlio had resorted to means of corruption and intimidation to force the peasantry to vote in their favmur . Prorureur de la Republique at Marvejols , and the committee had accordingly been of opinion that an inquiry should he instituted into the facts relative to those two elections . This proposition , having been put frora the chair , was unanimously adopted .
The chairman of tbe committee to which tbe elections of Paris were referred for examination next ascended the tribune . Ho stated that tbey were found perfectly regular , with the exception of that ol M . Schmit . The circumstances of irregularity having been explained , Citoyen Fiocon moved thata new elections should take place . The question being put from the chair , and two trials by rising and sitting proving doubtful , a ballot was opened , which gave the following result ;—For a rew election 414 Afjainstit 29 S Majority in favour of a now election —11 G
EEP 0 E . T 8 OF IHE IX PBOVtSIONAL GOVEBNMEKT . Citizen LiMABTiNBascnded tbo tribute , aud read te the Assembly a gmernl account of the proceed ' njs of tho provisional government tinea tbe 21 th of Febiuary last , That government , he said , had not proclaimed the Republic ; it bad merely ratified tbe choice ot that form of government by tbe people . Struck with the magnanimity of the combatants of February , It had dtcreid tbe abolition of capital pucisbrntnts , The red flag proposed at first , not as a symbol of menace and disorder , had been rejected t = y the population , and the glorious tricolours ] flop preserved a « the national banner . The provisional government bad declared tho reactionary treaties of 1815 to have eeased to ezist ; procla ; m . d the sympathy
of France for for i « n nations , and her respect for tbeir governments ; established four armies of observation on the A ' ps , the Rhine , In the north , and along the Pyrenees ; and sent the fl < et , placed under the command of experienced Officer ? , tp show the colours of France to the people of Italy . The government declared property to be sscred , and during the two months of its existence bo citizen had suffered in his p ' . raon or property ; no act of repression had been resorted to , not a drop of blood had been shed ; and the members of the provisional goverumont on re . cnterinu private life miRht Ascend on tbv public square and mix with the people without fearing a rebuke from a single citiztn . The whole population of France bad b * en armed and constituted into National
Guards , so that insurrection wa « no lorgt-r possible , for be who separated 1-lmself from tbe people no longer belonged to the people . In resuninp iheir powers into tbe hands of the Assembly , tho menmra of the provisional government bopad that'ho national representation weuld take into account the difficult circumstances in which they bad been placed ; their conscience reproached them wtth do con-ieainKbie act ; tbey had , it was true been favoured by Providence , for If Vhv people Jja 1 euvtd tho Republic , tbe A ' miebty had blessed it . Citizen Ledbo Rolum , Provisional Minister of the Interior . —Cit i zen R . presentatives— Called to tbo Provisional Gov . rnm . mtby tho wishes of tho people , I owe you aa nccoont of the admininiatr . nion of tha D part . mer . 1 of this Interior which was eonfi ted to me —( Morement of curiosity . ) You will not « p ,- ct from me km ? details . R ^ ad y as I nn to reply to all , our JnterpJIations
. I confine myself to a rapid expose of our acts , and of the motives by which they were rtioiated . C > rrled to the G -vernment by the triumph Of R -publican principle , ^ L 7 . m- ^ rj , on , b a " edaU my "fr-fr ft « m my debut v . th ., d * y 1 have never varicd-I have resolutely defended its maintenance . The deep faith which I have alwaysavowed toitwhenit was p-rsecuted cannot but ba strengthen . d by its swiking and glorious victory ot £ a riB . and its usani-nouB nealama . ion throughout all France . Convinced that the safety 0 f the- country depends on tho complete development of all the consequences of the revolution . I have watched over it wi h a joalou , care . I have wished . hat on all poin : 8 oftho emtery it should be respected and . urferstood . At the same time , it was necessary , by prompt and deoisW . measures , to prevent any attack on ortlor , . and to rsuniie the cord of the administration which -Uadbetft ' violently brok n . Tfcs Jr ? o fold Idea luujgosteAih ^ cnd '
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ing into the departments commissaries invested with unlimited powers . ( Murmurs . ) Unlimited powers . This necessary word has been laid hold of to direct against me the most violent attacks . In order to judge of It , It is necessary to go back two months , and then it will be understood , and it will also bo comprehended , that on the day following the revolution , surroundsd by tbo conquerors from the barricades , I could not without being guilty of treason confide to other hands than theirs the deposit and the defence of liberty . ( Approbation . ) Full of ardour , of devotedness , and of civic faith , they mould penetrate the country with tho idea which they bad rendered triumphant . Doubtless many among them were not administrators . Who can contest tbat point t Tho question does not He there . Soldiers were necessary to continue and propagate the victory , and particularly to render It durable and pacific . That faults have been committed is ray possible . When I was Informed of them I did not hesitate to revoke tht m .
But let any one br a < forward , in the midst of this great and rapid JTaovcrcfint , a single [ serious ' attack ogaint the rights of oltigins by tboie firm and courageous mon , whom it has not been feared to designate as Pro-Consuls . The citizens have replied to it by giving their voes to the greater number of those who are now assembled among you , Moreover , the instructions sent by me , and which have served as tbe pretext of so many outcries , were indispensable . I should not have written ttum bad tbey not been created by the force of clrcumst-nces alone . Being the emanation of a revolutionary principle , I could not transmit a regular and limited authority . Placed in face ' of unforeseen events , I should have been ( tuilty ot * weakening my agents by rules above which the safety of tbe country had raited us . I moreover knew , aad I have said it , that the moral responsibility which accompanies the momentary exercise
of great power prevents and corrects the abuse of it ; tbat it is necessary to give beforehand the meant of overcoming all obstacles , in order that obtacles ( ball not present themselves , ( tlear , hear ) By public instruction * , the firmness of which had more particularly for object to remove for ever guilty hopes , have been every day explained by my correspondence , I am ready to submit to tbe Assembly tbe voluminous documents of that labour , and I have no fear of its finding one dispatch which does not bear the itnpriat at once of an ardent desire to make the revolution triumph , and of a constant desire for conciliation , order , and peace , ( Applause . ) It Is te the attainment of this twofold object that all my efforts have been directed . I should have been inconsistent w > th my former life , I should have given tho lie to the doctrines which I have constantly professed , if I had not hetti at the same time the man of tbe revolution who wonld transform
society and the country , andthemau of tho government who accomplishes progress by tbe power of ideas , and proscribes all appeal to disorder and violence . It Is thus that in a few days I caused the National Guard of Paris to be armed and equipped , and endeavoured ( at last by making known my wishes ) to do tho same with that of tbe departments , pertuaded tbat a disciplined musket was an instrument of order , because it was tbe symbol of the dignity of the cltiz n . ( Ctiesof Yes , yes , ) Iprovididfor the organisation , the clothing , anl tbe support of tbo Garde Mobile ; to the creation of this sedentary corps destined to maintain order in this great city ; to the formation of a now institution , thatof tho Gardiens de Paris , connecting by an indissoluble bond the municipal and the judicial police , and placing : public Brcuritr
uudvr a constant surveillance . In tbe days of trouble and uneasiness I wa ' ched unceasingly ; it is by an absolute devotedness to my duties tbat I replied to tbe in . famous calumnl « s of which I have been tho object . I have never seen in this uneiamplfd invective anything but an additional reason to intrepidit y to defend a cause which the fury of some senseless wished to compromise in my penon . I had confidence in tho good sense ofthe nation—in the justice of the Assembly , end I thought that , soldier of the revolution , I should suffer everything for it , and not lose , in noticing odious f-ilsehoods , the precious time which its lervicei demanded . All my acts moreover , are public . Then free discussion be ' ongs toyou , and now that your sovereignty discharges me from the burthen of affairs , all private calumny will find mo ready
to confound it , I have- passed through the most difficult circumstances by remaining within tbe limits of my bud get , I prepared and organised in three wteka the application of HBlveml suffrage ; and , nevertheless , all * w me to tell yeu , that if by some I em accused of some errors in its detail , sufficient allowance has not been made for the Infinite » nd pereevcrlrff labour by which Ibovebcen able throughout the who ' e extent of the Republic to bring into operation a mode of ( lection which only three msnths since was di clared to bo impossible . For my own part , I shall bo prou-i of having been the instrument of this first act of virility en the part of the people recoveries its rights . Proceeding ou these general principle * , I sh < uld have wishsd to have introduced into the mecha » niim of tbo administration changes destined to render
it more simple and more democratic , I thought that thosertf . rmsabould not bs either isolated or partial , and that tbey would be more wisely accomplished by him who woul i hold a definitive power from your save , relgnty . I feared to throw disorder into the administrative nc : ion at a moment when it was most essential to preserve its regularity . And besid-e—why should I conceal it ? I am more pjrticularly anxious to save the revolution and order . I wished to preserve to the'ictory of tho people its grandeur , its purity , « nd its social be ^ r-Inu ; I also wished , in defending it against the snares and attack * of reaction , to shelter H frora the vlolmce ofambition and of dangerous impatience . Thus when , replying to an impru-lent proceeding , tie whole population of Paris came unarmed to surround tha Provisional
Government with its pacific waves , I unreservedly united myself with this sol . mn demonstration ; but on tho day when gome madmen endeavoured to pervert the sense and the rosult of a similar man' -festatios , I did not hesitate to oppose it . It was by my orders that tfee rappel was beaten , and that the National Guard , which is r . ow the country , assembled to mis with the citizens , who were not armrd , and to protest aeainst any violent attempt . ( Approbation . ) This resolution , far from being an effort on my part , was only the consequences of th ? principles which have always guided me , even in the opposition . In my eyes , it was a great dey when the ideas which were destined to conquer the world elaborated themielvcs . As it . fitxible against ambitions which provoke « otijps-de-t » am as against reactions which enchain revolutionary movement , I have always considered that a statesman should march with a firm step betwren the dreams of utopists and sectarians , and the rebellious
tenacity of egotistical interests . Ooe does not truly rely but on ideas which are ripe . Veritable superiority con . sists in distinguishing those measures which may ressoanbly be put in practice . Tho hand of the people has now torn away the veil . D ; ubt is no longer possible for any one . Imprudent and culpable would be be who would wish to stop the revolution b y the sterile conques ' of peliti al forms . Tneso forms are but an Instrument of liberty placed in the hands of the nation , called on henceforth to establish itself , For It the path is traced out and the object indicated . It is to realise in eoc ' al order the dogma of equality and fraternity that all our i il rts ounht to tend . Supporters of that holy onus .-, we shall be worthy of our mission , in accepting it ia its full bearing , and by it we shall not only have restored mm to bis natural di « nlty , but we shall have secured the glory and the h & pplnesi of our common country , and contributed to tho emancipation of the world . fApplaugr . )
Citizen Cremieux , the Minister of Justice , next read a long speech on the principles which had dictated bis ad ministration , and declared that it wasonly by diminishing the numbers of tribunals and judges that any important economising could bo realised in bis department , Citizn Louis Blanc . —Citizens , representatives of the people—On the 29 th of February , those whom thecours * of events had called into power ( i power by bo m ans sn enviable one , certainly , for it was the government o ' tempests ); those , I say , found themselves assembled , when , all of a sudden , they saw tho Place de PHotel de Vtlle invaded by an ardent multitude . A flag floated In the air , and on that flag this was what was written : — 'Organisation of Labour ; Creation of a Ministry of
Progress , * Admirable result , ' U was thus , it was in this capital , which still felt the quiverings of the combat , on these pavements , on which the people had just marked their route with their blood , it was thus that they came to demand that which proved that their ereal preoccupation was that oi order . ( Applause ) For what did thi y come to demand « They came to demand peace , made pr ,. bfic b y labour ; tbe creation of a ministry of progress , whose business it would be to pre . vent violence by study , and to render revolutions for ever impossible . What could the provisional government do f What had ic done ? It hod reserved the important question for a ppccial ministry to be created ; but that which it at onco granted was a commlnion of the govt rsment for the labourer * , and thst the Palace
of the Luxembourg should b « the seat of its labours . Two men « vere oboscn for that labour—the one my noble friend the citizen ouvrier Albert , the other was myself , Wo directed our attention to tbe present pesition of aff arc , and what did we see t On the one band , the rain of tho rich becoming imminent , snd , perhaps , in . evitable . Oo tho other , tho distress of the people be . eomiD 5 not . and more agpravatea every day , and tho Impatience of their desires violentl y irritated . And what was our mission ? We wont into that difficult situation without a budget , without a foldier . If , by chance , our words were not listened to-if the agitation which bad buen suppressed for tho moment worn renewed—wo should have been rendered r sponsible for It . If , on the contrary , it was appease I . might wo not have been reproached with being dangerous innovators t ( Cries of ' Yes , yes V ) Did wo not run the risk of having too prolonged a cry of distress ! ' Speeches are
not neeessiry ; we cannot wait , for wo sufivr and we nrehunftrj . ' These were the dangers we bad to run , Yet we did not hesitate . On the day f . Homing a revolution such as our « every citiz-n is a Boloie-r ; and whm every citizn is a soldier , how should any one shrink bef re peril t AYe have , then , been witnesses of a sublime spectacle , which must remain in history as au Imrr . ort . il proof of enlightenment and reason . We have seen citizens running to us and exclaiming , I hate a wife ; I have children ; give me bread . ' And when we replied to them , 'Wait ; * and when we besides , told them of our want of power to assist them , tbf so men have retired , their he-arts moved , and crjing « V . ve la Republique ! ' We hsve seen , passing one after the other , nH the industries ; we have seen libera ps « efng bearing signs cf distress , claiming loudly the intervention ef the state ; so that the very force of affairs im . p £ M . d upoa tts a mission which had not bctn given to ue
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—the mission ef interfering between the masterj ^^ , the workmen , in order that they might go hand tBV hand together , Well , we have obtained tbatrts ] t ' ST " ii ra our archived , which we preserve with prii 1 e , f 0 r ' th » are tfee archives of concord and fraternity . But we bll'l not only conciliation to effect ; wo had association ! ( a ( a realise . When workmen camo to us te demand th means of associating together , you know what we dirt * I * At Clichy , which , in former times . Was onl y inhabits d by prisoners , whatdoyoa how see I You only « ee | bourers giving each other their hand . Form « ly Vr . read over the gate ' D- biers' Prison . ' To- ^ y e / er ° " ono will substiute in bis heart these words , ¦ ji ,. is a debt which every one owes to all—the social doe . . Ot t ! fk „ miaalnn « f Intpi-farlnrr between ttlB m ,. l . 7 ^^
, _ * , -.. __ .,,- « i / rrA - u--. l -w . ue of bread and labour . ' ( Hear , hear . ) We kave ga , 5 , er 5 on the question of labour a great deal of informatio which will be communicated to you , and yoovriu ex " ' ' mine it in all its detailf . Suffice it for me to say th I I the two fundamental Ideas of our work—whether ' t concerns commerce or agriculture , or the banks or th establishments of customs—the two fundamental ides are , association and disinterested Intervention the pa cific and tutelary intervention of the state , We do not I pretend that tbe state should become trie only iuduilrkl I ofthe kingdom ; but we wish it to be understood that t the state has a great duty to fulfil in what regards ' those who suffer . What we wish is , tbat the state should be
the tutor of credit , giving credit not only to the rich but to the poor . What webavo demanded Is , that the ' state should be the protector of the poor , and their ¦ tutor . I do not know , frora tha bottom of my heart if many of those who now hear me would be disposed ' to contradict me . The cry has been pat forward of ' T » Wb care of the war of those who possess nothing , against those who possess . ' This is a cry which bai not issued from tho hearts or mouths of any one . Association is a noblo and beautiful thing , not because it will displace riches , but because it will mak « them universal , by mak . Ing them fruitful , and because it will raise tbe level ef the people and of humanity . ( Cheers . )
Citizen Cabwot , tho Minister of Public Instroctfoa , was afterwards heard , and was s & ccecded by Citizen Gamier Pages , tbe Minister of Finance , who only par . tiaDy maae his statement , when overcome by exhaustion , he obtained leave to postpone the remainder of his report . Citizen Betbmoiit , the Minister of Commerce , depo . sited oa the table the expose of tbe state of bis department , and tbe Assembly afterwards adjourned to Monday . M « kdav , May 8 . —At 12 o ' clock , Citizsn Buchtx , the President , took the cbair . Citizsn Giatiua Pages then delivered bis statement end was followed by Cit ' z n Aba ^ o , Minister of War and Maris , Minister of Public Works .
Citizen Lamastine , Minister of Foreign Affaim . said tbat France had proclaimed three things in Februsrv-1 her wish to establish a Republic in France ; her detetra . nation to promote the progress of the democra ieal piln » ciple In Europe ; and a desire to maintain an honourable peace . He disclaimed all ideas of conques t ; but if any people should nsssrt it * nationality , and enter tho family of nations , France , tbe soldier of democracy , was ready to assist it if It claimed its aid . Citizen DoRNft neitrone , and proposed a resolution to the following effect;—* The National Assembly toxg definitively constituted , accepts the depot of the extraordinary powers conferred » n the provi-ioml government on
the 24 th of February last , and declares that its members have deserved well ofthe country for the important lervices they have rendered , The Assembly being now invested with the sovereign authority , declares the provi . sional government to have ceased to exist , and In virtue ot its light to exercise the executive powers b y fielegation , it decrees the institution of a Government Committee , compoaed of tie five following membtrg— ' list * Citizen Domes waa loudly Interrupted and prevented from mentioning the names . Tha tumult at last rose t > such a pitch that the President was obliged to cover himself , and the sitting was suspended daring half an hour .
When the sitting was resumed , Citizsn Bosses again asC' n * ed the tribune , and consented to omit the names of the Commissioners , but persisted in the proposition to appoint a Government Committee , which would appoint ministers responsible uai revscable . An ' . th r ruemker moved that thanks be voted to the provisional government , and tbe Assembly retired into its standing committee to examine tfee proposition of Citizen Dames . The President was about to consult the Assembly , when Citizen Bart es ran to tbe tribune ond declared thnr , previous to granting the provisional governmental bill ofindemity , he would protest in thename of the people against several of its acts ; the murdtr of the workmen of Rouen by tbo National Guard * . Here a terrific explosion of murmurs arose , avid trie * of * Order , ordrr ! 'frora all parts ef tbo house .
Citizen BiEBEn waited at tbe tribune until siletce ws » restored , and added that the Assembly could not vote thanks to the provisional government withnut bringing its members te account fer the abandonm nt ot tbe Belgians , the Italians , the Pules , and the principles of the revolution , Ciiiztn Bechabd protested against the wort ' s of M , Bur' ta , and insisted en tl ; e Assembly voting immediately thanks to the Provisional Government . Citizm Ssnabi ) followed in defenea of the government . Clt ' zen BiEBEs demand d that an enquiry be Instituted into thd massacres of Rouen by an attorney gcu ; ral of the Republic , and not oy Frank Carre , and other penecut : ri of the people . ( 'No ! No ! exclaimed the Assem . bly . )
The Assembly substqutntly voted tbat the provisional gorernm nt had deserved well of the country . The vote was almost unanimous , Citizen Bartcs , Citizen Durruu . and another rising alone against it , TuieDAT , May 0—The basintds of the day opened vilth the reading , by if . Peupiu , of the rep . rt of the committee appointed to consider what sort ot intermediate form should be established as a substitute for tbe provisional covirnment till the Assembly should have adop'ed a d ^ fioir . vo constitution . Tbo report recommended the direct appointment by tho National Assetr . bly of the ministers to the different deptrtmwnts , instead of a ' commission du pwitJcnicmeMt , ' which , without holding any dire-ct office , would exercise the sovrreign authority of appointing and removing the m-. niatr . . —the ministry bting aS ibe same time responsible for its acts
to the National Assembly . A succ . fsioi of n < : iv and unpractised speakers succeeded e \ eh other without throwing much light on the subject . Citiz n Jules Favre . an a-lvocateand m .-. n of great talent , warned the Assembly against the dangers of direct nomination , and declared his opinion that no ministry would be able to govern France which oerired its nuthcr . ty directly from the Aeseratly , and if tlurd were notan immediate power m -re calm in its character than tho Assembly . After came the celebrated Abbe Ltcordaire , whose speech was llste-ned to with great attention . He strong ! v advocated the claims of the ultra-Republicans , who , he said , bad made tbe revolution , to a share in the Executive Government . Citizens O . Barrot and Lamartine followed , and on the melon bting put , it was decided by a majority of twenty six , that the Ministry was to be appointed by nn executive committee .
The correspondent of the Times states tbat the interim Executive government is to be thus composed : — MM » Lamartine , Ltdiu-Rollin , Arago , Marie , Garaier-Pases . MB CLUBS . On Saturday night last all the Republican Clubs in Paris voted , by acclamation , a resolutioD , of which the object is to call on the National Assembly immediately to interfere actively in the affiirs of Poland and of Italy . The Pbessk announces the arrival of Prince Czutoryeki in Paris ( much chagrined , it was said , by the unfavourable turn which PoJhh affairs had taken in the Prussian provinces . )
The European Revolution. Germany. The Mo...
THE EUROPEAN REVOLUTION . GERMANY . The moderate and constitutional party at Berlin are stated to have gained the victory over tbe radicals And republicans at the e . ' ectiona jjst concluded . Oa the other hand , it is admitted by the Coligse GizsiTK that the working classes have succeeded in electing a gieat number of their fellow operatives as the electors in the second degree of the members of the Constituent A ^ rubly in Berlin , for such the next Diet in that capital may be called . There have been serious disturbances , at Treves . Barnoadca were erected , but on the artillery being brought against Hum the insurgents surrendered . _ Larlbkuhb , May l .-Our city is still in a state ot siege , bix cannoa mounted on Ludwig ' a Quay on the Knme . '
Stettin , May 2 .-A very serious attempt wa * made by the populace yesterday evening to create aa emtute and pillage the houses , bnt tha firmness and activity ofthe Civic Guard prevented it . A number of persons have been arrested at Stutp » h : * h ° v are accused of having been conneeiei v itb . Hecker .
THE WAR BETWEEN DENMARK AND GERMANY . EKiRiKCB op the prussun TRO 0 P 3 INTO DKHMARB ' H , i . Mni ; ReH , May 4 . —Intelligence has arrived of the . cruMjing the Danish frontier by the Prussian troops , who entered Jutland at , six o ' clock in the moroins ofthe 2 nd iast . int at Kmigsau , near folding . General Wrangei immediately issued a proclamation , which lud Oeen provioualy prepared in tho Dinish laniua * * . A force of 5 . 000 cr 6 000 men and some of tie Free Corps , are advancing on Yiele under the Duke of Augustenbun ; ; at this wm betx d ' 3 StalCd ' Uie h ' imiaa ^ quarters
THE WAR IN ITALY , unfav ourable intelligence was received in Paris onbnday from Northern Italy . It appears tbat Frioul' ^ PY «» "J ""™* rapidl / Che onil ^ r I ' , 0 " 1 *} 12 °°° men- The surrender vJkuJZ ™* ful y C n irnitd- Th" "ccup ,, ion of se . vetal less important places in the Frioul by the Aw Ktn ,, | ° a , inou , lce f Lettrrs from Triesteo £ IKXJ ^ ' * 1 nonn «« Aeoapitulatioa . on the previousday . ofPalmaNovatothe Austrian * , » hoenffl M : *" from , h « h < -J "i queers of « . £ . £ Albert , * " Iuraa Cnmpairna , datrd the 28 * . state that en the evening of that day Peaohicm had hem completely inve . tfd . Tne Milan Gazette of the 2 r , d announces a further advantage gained by the Pice ! monte * army over the Austnans . ltsavB ;—
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Citation
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Northern Star (1837-1852), May 13, 1848, page 6, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse.ac.uk/periodicals/ns/issues/ns2_13051848/page/6/
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