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Northern Star (1837-1852), 13th November 1847, Edition 2 of 3, Page 4

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    • st Published St&md Edition, Pr&e ' One Halfpenny or tree Shillines oar Hundred, \n.«\«m with ^.Labourer. I
    • THE NORTHERN STAR , SATIJRDAY .NOYESIBER 13.1847.
    • CD iteafor* & Gorrespomicius,
  • Adverts (7)
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    • Note: This text has been automatically extracted via Optical Character Recognition (OCR) software. The text has not been manually corrected and should not be relied on to be an accurate representation of the item.

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      Both/Who Had That The Ri « - ,. « M A Tv...

      « - ,. « m a tv November 13 , 18 # r 8 THE NORTHERN STAR , j g 47 « ^ ^ - S————— ¦ • —^ - ^ 1——*^ W— "Mi*—— ' ——^^ mimm ^^^^^^ i ¦ " ¦ ' ¦» — ¦ ¦¦ . — ... i . i ^ "" ^ ^

      St Published St&Md Edition, Pr&E ' One Halfpenny Or Tree Shillines Oar Hundred, \N.«\«M With ^.Labourer. I

      st Published St & md Edition , Pr & e ' One Halfpenny or tree Shillines oar Hundred , \ n . «\« m with ^ . Labourer . I

      Ad00413

      A LET . TER addressed to Odd Fellows , Foresters , and oiber Benefit Societies , calling their attention to tbe National Land and Labour Bank , Betting fortbthe amount of voofit on its deposit * an . 4 lecurity . By <» - < 5 a . kwlc t , Hyde . Members ofthe -various Land Societies > are lequestedimaediatdytotraasmittiieir orders , asffietoe can only stand a limited period of time , to John Gaskeii , secretary , K ; Norbury-street , Hyde- Payment may *« sent in postage stamps . . this tract should beuurcnased . wholesale ^ lJS ^ J **? " * - b * rs cf the Land Company for general dis « a > tt ticji ,-Xor & em Star .

      Ad00414

      SCST PUBLISHED . tUniformvrtth the " Labmhss . " Magsxine , ) A PRACTICAL TREATISE ON SBSDE HUSBANDRY . baag * he results of * ser ycars ' -esjerieaos ^ - Si j . Siusrr . "M'Gownt and Co ., 16 , Great Windm 2 l-streei , TfcDiidon * acd mayte bad •{ allbcnksellers .

      Ad00415

      N « Kv rej . fly , in , one thick-8 to voUtae , pr lce « s ., THE POLITICAL W © S £ S 'OF tHOUAS PAINE , n «« vfii . "st collected together , * ml to wbicb « re added tevenl pieces never before ; pablished in Eagrand : and en an ? eh < lix , contaiaiagthe -Trial < £ Xiovntc J ' ahie , at ^ JcBiaaU ; iriui a $ ertratt of the Author . Complef « 5 n' 2 volis .: 8 « i .. price ; 12 s ., VOLTAIRE'S ^ HHiOSOPHICaL DICTIONARY , With two wett & ushedrortaits ofthe Amtbor . Tn 2 v « k .- price' 6 = ., ; pcbli 5 hr-a afcSs ., THE 8 STiIL' « E'U'L < F 1 T , By the 3 fc : v . Bqbees Tatloe , B . & . In one handsom « volume ,-prieeu ;* ., CARLlLE SKAKUAl « e ? tFaBEVfc & SOXRY , Originally published atles . Complete in -1 vel .. price ^ s ., THE 31 IEGE 3 I 6 , By the 3 Lv . £ ubeh 3 Tissos . A . complete set of COBSETT'S ( POLITHJAX , RBGISTER , For sale , * S vols ., fea ' . f-calf . "W . Dngdale , 16 . Holywell-street , Strand .

      Ad00416

      TO TAHOES . Kow Beady , by approbation of her Majesty , Queen "Viebiria . -and H . R . H . Prince Albert ; THE LONDON ' and EARI 3 AUTUMN and WIXTER FASHIONS fur 18 « 7 and ISIS , by Benjamin Bead and Co ., 12 , Hart-street , Blooraslmry-tquare , London , sod by 6 . Herger . Hor / welLstreer , Strand , Loudon ; . a most magtrficcat £ ud Mip . rbij ^ -colocrcd Print ; surpassing everything of the kind preriously ^ inblisbeil , accompanied with the mnetfashionable full sira Dress , Riding , Frock , Hunting , aad Wrapper Coat-jatteroc , with every particular part fur each complete . Also ,-the ra ^ st fashionable and new *}* » tyle Waistooat Pattern , including tbe manner of Catling ana making "up-the whole , with information respecting the new scientific system of Cuttinjr , which will be published Jan . 1 , 1818 , and will supersede everything of the kind before . conccived . Price 30 s ; or , post free , to ail parts of the kingdom , lis . Patent Measures , « . \ th full espl . nation , & s the set ( the greatest improvement ever known in the tradci Patterns to measure sent post fre : to ail parts of-the kingdom . Is each .

      Ad00417

      IMPORTANT KOTICS T 3 E LONDONERS HAVE BEGON A HOME FOR HONEST INDUSTRY . Patrons .-T . S . Buncombe . Esq ., M . P ., T . Wakley , Esq ., M P ., II . Bond Cabfeell , Esq ., 3 LP . Ilave jouread the Tract on the Land and Building Society for the Working Millions 1 If n « t . get it , read it . Price only One Penny . Published for fee Society , by 6 . Berger , 19 , HolyweU-street . Straad . Sold by all cheap booksellers , and the Society's agents - also to be had , with fnli information , of Daniel William Rufiy , secretary , offices of the Society , 13 , Tottenham-court , Xcw-road , St Pancras , London , by sending three postage stamps .

      Ad00418

      THE O'CONNOR TARTAN . JAMES SOTHENVELL , Bookseller and Kews A Seut , Cress , Paisley , begs to intimate t > , the'friends and admirers of Mr O . Connor , = nd the public generally , that lie has been appointed agent in Paisley for tlie sale of the above beautiful cloth , suitable for vests , cravats , plaids , f bawls , < tc . . An assortment kept on basd . PmsIey , Xov . 2 , lS 47 .

      Ad00419

      PORTRAIT OF E . JONES , ESQ ., BARRISTJTRAT-LAW . A splendid full-length portrait , from a steel engraving , of the above , ' named eloquent and patriotic gentleman is uow completed , and specimens will be placed in the hands of our several agents , as soon they shall have given their directions to Mr W . Rider , Northers Star Office , as to the mode of transmission . No . 12 , of the " LABOURER , " will contain an agraved portrait of Feargus O'Connor . Esq ., M P .

      The Northern Star , Satijrday .Noyesiber 13.1847.

      THE NORTHERN STAR , SATIJRDAY NOYESIBER 13 . 1847 .

      The Past, The Present , And The Future. ...

      THE PAST , THE PRESENT , AND THE FUTURE . This d a y w itne s ses t he completi o n of the Tenth Volume of the Northern Star . Everyone is aware that our F r ench nei ghbours unhesitatingly believe this to be the month in which Englishmen are prone to relieve themselvesfrom the cares of this life by a self-sought halter . Be that as it may , itis certain that the gloomy fo gs of November have not a more hlijjnting effect upon the human mind and its flesh and blood covering , than had the mists of prejudice , and the clouds of ignorance , upon the b ody-politic , previous to the e x i s tence ofthe Northern Star .

      Ten years ago , the party of the " people " was unknown . "The People , " toasted at Whig and Sham-Radical dinneis , was an abstraction , a non-entitv , a " witl-o-the-wisp " conjured up hy political jugglers to deceive honest men , and lead them astray . "The People * ' of " the Radical time" was composed of disjointed sections of a great whole , which had no bond of union ; and , therefore , when driven to madness bv the devilish arts of their

      oppressors , w ere ea s ily cut off in d e t a il . " The People" of the Eeform-Bill-ag itation consisted of tumultuous mobs and unthinking political confederacies , possessing a multitude of literary mouth-pieces and self-appointed guide s , whose Aonesfy and whose qualification fo teach and to lead were evidenced b y t he f a t a ll y . absurd cry of "The bill , the w hole bill , and n o thing but the bill , " with which the press of that day filled the mouths of Hs dupes ! The Unstamped Press did good service to the cause of progress , but lacked the power to concentrate public opinion . Cobbett ' s Register must , in many respects ^ e for ever unequalled ; but that immortal publication wag but the oracle of a " school , " never sufficiently powerful

      to marshal the popular forces in one phalanx . But from the death of William Cobbett , and the consequent fall of the Register , followed soon after h y the extinction of the unstamped neivspapers , the principles of Democracy were almost wholly unrepresented in the Press : at least , it may be truly said , such representation as did from time to lime exist was flickering , powerless , and short-lived . These glimmering lights one bv one expired , until , at length , darkness and dismay covered the land . Men struggled and cried for this reform , or for the repeal of t h at law , but , like men fighting in the dark , their blows were struck at random , and their well-meant efforts , often clashing , were ineffective and fruitless .

      The Northern Star arose , and the darkness was gradually dispelled . Men saw each other face to face , and , forgetting past jealousies and prejudices , they became as brethren , working together for their common welfare . That union has continued to the present time . The bond of that union has been this journal- The Chartists of London and Edinburh , Manchester and Dundee , Liverpool and Glasgow , N ew c a stle a nd A b erdeen , c o mmune with each other through its columns , and by its clieerfiilly-acknowledged direction march forward , latent on one object . The cotton spinners of Lancashire and the weavers of

      Forfarshire , the diners of Cornwall and the colliers of Durhaa , are equally represented in the pages of th $ Star ; their grievances are therein published , and their ri ghts advocated . And thi s is the onl y p aper in which povert y ' s voice is he a rd proclafcning its wrongs . This is the only journal wl & jj consistently and unceasingly enforces the rights of Labour . Hence , Labour has made it its organ , and Labour ' s sons recognise it as the veritable " Tritnne of the People . " But the present proud position of the Northern Star has not been acquired without immense labour and sacrifice on the part of its proprietor , wJjo has had to battle against tie

      The Past, The Present , And The Future. ...

      consp ir . tdes flf both "friends and foes . For the hi utility of avowed enemies he was , of cours' » , prepared . Another ' O'Connor' had in other and darker days established a " Nort h er n S tar " ' to light his countrymen on their stormy patr i to freedom , but the powers of evil triurn p hed , and the li g ht of thsA . 'Btar was extin-Igu ished in the torrents of blood shed by the as- sassins of Ireland ' s liberties . The despotism j which had proscribed ArthurO'Connor , though shorn of some of its terrors , still s urvive d when the nep hew of " the Esale of Erin , resolving to carry the war into the enemy ' s camp , re-established ( we may say * ) the . Northern Star . Despotism was not long in t a king the a l ar m , but England , " with all its faults , " in 1837 , was not

      like Ireland of I 7 flr . An ^ noxious newspaper csuld not he crushed by kute force , the means of annoyance were of necessity " legal means . " The policy advised by Melbourne to put down the Chartists-the policy of " r u ining them with expenses '—was seen to be the onl y course left to the enemies ofthe popular cause to attempt the destruction of the Northern Star- The attempt was made ; more than one prosecution for libel was instituted against the proprietor , who , ultimately , was consigned to a felon ' s cell in York Castle , f o r t he o ff e nce of h a ving freel y given the columns of his journal to the public , allowing all men therein to express their views , even when those views , or the mode in which those views were expressed , was opposed to the wishes of Mr O'Connor : for , it should be

      remembered , t h a t th a t gentlem e n w as made the " scapegoat" for the " sins" of others . Again , the enormous expenses incurred by Mr O'Conn o r i n defending the oppres s ed and persecute d , and battling in defence of the rights , and even the very lives , of the proscribed friends of freedom , necessarily crippled that gentleman ' s resources . Lastly , persecution , d i sa ppointment poverty , and despair , thinned the ranks of the " Star ' s" supporters , until this journal was well nigh crushed under the weight of legal , political , and social persecution . Kind "friends" have done their best to aid

      the enemies of a free press . Every' knot of politicians whose vanity was wounded b y witnessing the rapid growth of Mr O'Connor's popularity , avenged itself by doing its little best to damage the Northern Star . Every disappointed "leader ' who , in the vain-gloriousne ss of his own c o nceit , imag ined he was a much wronged man , be ca u se the p u blic woul d not tolerate his spiteful egotism , or accept his pretensions at his own valuation , every one of these sons of mischief—and their name has b een "Leg i on "—has vented his spleen in crying down the Northern Star . It is " a curiou s fact , too , that every deserter from Democracy ,

      andout-cast from Chartism , nomatterhowmuch he may previously have lauded the Northern Star—so soon as he found himself no longer t o le r ated hy t he pe o p le , has tried to persuade the public that the S tar was the vilest of journals . It is a fact , too , that all the enemies ofthe Star have been , at one time or other , the bitter enemies of each other ; it is not the less true that they still hate each other as the devil is said to hate holy water ; hut their point of a greement is , that they all hate t he Northern Star . They hate this journal because they love darkness rather than li ght , their deeds beins- evil .

      J lie most rancorous efforts are being made at this very time to destroy this paper , and its proprietor . But we have the satisfaction of informing the enemies of the Star , that they are but gnawing at a file—a game at which they are much more likely to hurt their own teeth than to hurt us . The Northern Star has now a circulation not inferior to that which it enjoyed at the time Mr O'Connor was sent to York Castle ; and there is every and reasonable prospect that the " circulation " of ' 39 will be again acquired .

      Even now we have unmistakeahle evidence that the number of rea d e r s of the Star far exceeds those of 1839 . In the excitement of that year this journal was purchased principall y h y individuals ; now , in many instances , a single copy is made to serve an entire club , or a branch of the Land Company . The influence , therefore , enjoyed by this paper must be measured not by its nominal , b ut it s re a l circulation—not by its purchaser s , but it s reader .

      Behold the proofs of that influence . Tliepartyofthe peopk really exists now . That party has secured the election to Parliament of the Proprietor of this Paper ; forced other returned members to acknowled g e the principles of the Charter , and g iven e a rnes t th a t a t the ne x t st ru g g le the n umbe r o f thorough democrats , pledged to the Chartername and all , —returned to Parliament , w ill not be confined to the honourable members for Finshury and Nottingham .

      The National Land Company , called into existence by Mr O'Connor , and fostered by this journal , numbers 42 , 000 shareholders , who have already paid into the hands of t heir treasu r e r not le ss than £ 80 , 000 . That Company commands the sympathies and hopes of millions at home and abroad , andstill greater proof of its power—excites the rabid denunciations ofthe enemies of Labour ' s rights , who gn a sh their t eeth t h r ou h ve r y vexation and despair , at the sight of the people preparing to hurst their chains .

      The National Land and Labour Bank i s , in like manner , growing in strength ; defying the lying predictions of its enemies , and holding out a certain and heart-inspiring hope of emancipation to the now thinking , moving , determined millions . The Trades , and sons of Labour generally , are becoming more and more united , principally throug h finding in this journal the medium of union .

      National prejudices and religious asperities hav e be e n r em oved , or are in course of removal , in a great measure throug h the influence of this journal . Englishmen , Scotchb een , and Welshmen are one , a nd our Iri s h brethren , long blinded and misled by false t eac her s and traito r ous le a der s , are at last beginning to see the foll y of disunion , and are gradually , hut sarely , * Jearning to distinguish between the peop le o f E n g land and its rulers . They are learning , toe , that class-legislation is the cause of the evils which afflict their country , a nd th a t , to abolish class-rule , they mu s t unite with their fellow victims of that rule—the working men of England .

      And , in teaching that " All Men are Brethren , " we have not had regard to the people of these islands only . We have ever been the first to denounce oppression , let the oppressors have been whom they might , and to vindicate the oppressed , no matter what their country or religion . Whether denouncing Nicholas or Polk , or defending the r . ghts of the Poles or the Mexic a n s , our one regard has been truth , justice , and the natural rights of man . The hypocritical villanies ofthe " Fagin'' of France , the atrocities of the assassin Metternich , and

      the rascalities of Palmerston , have alike been exposed hy us jto the scorn and indignation of mankind . While unmasking the crimes of monarches , we have not hesitated to denounce the slave-drivers , land-robbers , and m i litary ruffians of America . Happily we have not laboured in vain . In France , in Germany , in S w itzerland , in Italy , and the United St a te s , the Northern Star is known . and respected , as ths organ of the British Democracy , the advocate of universal liberty , and the defender of the ri ghts of a ll men , withoutregard to colour , clime , or creed .

      Such is our proud position at the present moment ,-and we too highly value that position to risk its forfeiture in the future b y any negle c t o f duty or abandonment , of princip le . Let our enemies say what they will , we know that the public will jud ge us b y our deeds . Labour , life , and every energy of manhood , we hare ,-in singleness of heart and purity of purpose , devoted to the good work of our c o u ntry ' s regeneration , and mankind ' s progression . We hare hitherto been honoured b y a n a mount of public confidence never before reposed in the conductors of any public journal , and that confidence we have aot

      The Past, The Present , And The Future. ...

      abused . Strong in that best public" support , we . slall pers « vere in our labours until the object of our mission is achieved—the establishment , socially and politicall y / o f Equsd Sights and Equal Laws .

      The November Skssion Of Parliament. Anot...

      THE NOVEMBER SKSSION OF PARLIAMENT . ANOTHER COERCION BILL . The new Parliament is to assemble oa Th u r s day next , a t Westmin s ter , for the "dispatch of divers ^ urgent , and important matters , " and , of course , speculation is afloat , in the p olitic a l circles , as to the n a tu re and extent of the business it will be called upon to transact during this extra and supplement a ry session of the eventful year 1847 . | * Three questions present themselves as equ a ll y pressing and equally demanding immediate legislation . The Currency , the St a te of Ireland , and the Railways . But to legislate practically and beneficially on any of

      them w ould , in fact . be the work of an entire and protracted session , and it is generally supposed that the Autumn sitting will be mainly occup ied by the f o rmalities of electing the sp e aker , swe a rin g in the member s , and p a ss i ng the p romis ed B ill o f Ind e mnity f o r the inevitable breach of the Bank Charter Act of 1844 , under the pressure on the money market . An attempt will also be probabl y made to meet the more urgent necessities of the Irish and Railway questions , w i th the vie w of staving them off until the usual tiwe for Parliamentary action . There will , in short , be " great cry and little wool / ' as on manv

      former . That this will be the case may be pretty safely inferred from a semi-official leader . in the Titties of Monday last . The insp ir a ti o n of Downing-street was visible in every line of that Ministerial manifesto ,. and it is quite evident that the "Lotus Enters , " —as Punch has happily designated the calm and self satisfied inhabitants of that dreamy region ,- ~ are determined to confine the work within the narrowest possible limits . It remains to be seen whether they can stop the talk . The Ministerial organ positively announces that no .

      thing practical or remedial will be done for Ireland . " Government will prefer to see the pr ese nt mea s ures in effective oper a ti o n than to overlay them with a new one destined , in it s turn , to be shelved before it has had a fair trial . " "What the Whigs mean " by a "fair trial" for their Irish measures we do not pretend to understand . But it must be clear to every one who looks either at their operation du ri ng the p a st twelve months , or the present condition of Ireland , that more wretched and

      utter failures never were turned out of any political workshop . The Times admits that "the report of the so-called ' Irish Council ' offers some legislative suggestions more worthy of notice than what usually proceeds fromsuch irregular bodies , but they are of a gravity which requires long discussion , " and as "My Lords and Gentlemen , " and the Whig Ministry , are indisposed to enter into long discussions , the suggestions of that " irregular body , the associated landlords ,

      Parliamentary representatives , and middle classes of Ireland are to be thrown aside until a " more convenient season . " In the mean time , f a mine , pestilence , death , mur d er , and outrage may devastate the unhappy land which has been so deeply cursed b y E n g lish legislation , and millions more be added to those swept away by the famine fever of the past year . Ireland thus depopulated by the ravages of disease will , perhaps , in the estimation of Whig Political Economists , and Irish absentee landlords , become a land fit to live in . They w i ll have g o t rid of th a t g rea t est scourge of modern times , a " superabundant population . "

      But if the Irish members do their duty to Ireland ; if the Radical members of Great Britain do their duty to the empire , the suggestions of the Irish Council , or of any other bod y , will not be thus lightly passed over . The great principle on which these suggestions are based is , that the land of Ireland Is sufficient to maintain tho people of Ireland , and that measures for setting the people to work at re-productive employment are imperatively

      required . No ^ mere p alliati ves or surface measures can longer be tolerated . The millions already squandered in 'useless or mischievous work s , or in still more mischievous charity , have entailed not only he a vy b u rd e ns a nd loss upon this country , but have been an actual aggravation of the evils of poor unfortunate Ireland . Ten , or twenty , or th ir ty milli o ns m o re , expended in a similar way , would only add to those evils . The time has

      come for a radical and a permanent change in the social and political condition of Ireland . All classes in that country have become convinced of that " great fact . " The utter d i s org a ni s ation of so ciety has been too powerful an argument to be resisted byanj' political party , h o we v e r st r ong their p re j u d ic es and mutual antipathies may have been heretofore . It becomes , therefore , the immediate duty of the Imperial Legislature to take advantage of

      the favourable concurrence of circumstances , and to commence practical measures commensurate with the evils to be remedied , and capable , not only of affording direct relief , but , when fully developed , of preventing the recurrence of such disasters in future . ' The princip l e o f reprodu c t i ve e m pl o yment , judiciously and practically applied to Ireland , would effect these two objects , and , even as a mere question of economy and outlay , . would be b y far the cheapest policy that can be adopted .

      By subsequent articles in the Ministerial organ to that we have commented upon , it appe a r s th a t theGovernment , insteadof adopting this just and effective mode of puttin g down the misery which leads to the " w ild ju st ice of r eveng e , " are about to have recourse again to that policy which earned for them , from their quondam friend and ally , the late Daniel O'Connell , the title of " The base , bhody , and brutal Whigs . " Lord J . Russell defeated Sir Robert Peel onl y l as t year o n the Irish Arms' Bill . He objected to that bill , the defeat ot which placed him at the head of the

      Governmental ! June 1846— ' « That it was not accompanied , above all , with such measures of relief , of remedy , of CONCILIATION , affecting the great mass of the people of Ireland , w ho w ere in di s tre ss , as oug ht t o accomp a ny any measure tending to increased ri g o ur of the law . ' Yet , while Ireland is still destitute of that re m edia l policy , on the faith of which his Lordship and his Colleagues climbed to power and place—while " measures of relief , of remedy , a nd of concili a tion , affe c ti ng the

      great mass of the people , ' are as far off as ever , we have the monstrous , and , if it were not asserted of Whi gs , almost inc r edible statement , that" Government are about to adopt vigorous measures for the repression of the conspiracy against life and property , which is said to exist in Ireland . In other words—the Whi gs , with freedom , justice relief , conciliation , on their li ps , are about to revert to their former damnable policy , and re-enact the Coercion Bill , which has " made their former Government for ever infamous .

      Constitutional Government is once more to be trampled upon by the liberty-loving Whigs . The Government which turned Sir Robert Peel out of offioe , because he proposed an Arms' Act , which was admitted by themselves to have less infringed upon the Constitution than any previous act of that description , are stated , on the authority of the Dublin Mail , to have " an Arms' Act of «» extremel y in

      stringent character , course of preparation , and that it wili be laid before Parliament at as earl y a period , hs possible , " The suspension ofthe Habeas Corpus Act is announced to be " the onl y measure adequate to the crisis . " The country is to be subjected to martial law b y the mealy-mouthed h ypocrites—who leagued with the Protectionists to drive Peel from power on a false pretence , just sixteen months since . '

      The November Skssion Of Parliament. Anot...

      Will the people of Eng land suffer this shameless and disgraceful conduct on the part ¦ of . the contemptible , time-serving , s 6 " - ^* = ing , ssnprincipled faction , now in-office r Will itheynot rather demand that , co nt e mpor a neous yrtok the proposalfor a new Coercion Act , a w ote of censure upon them s h all b e moved ? aoi that the first act of the Parliament . tailed by them in 1847 , shall be like that elected under their auspices in 1841—namely ,

      to turn them out amidst the just indignation and execrations of every hone s t man in tlie country . There is , fortunately , at least one man in Parliament who has the courage , the po w e r , and the will , to act independently , and as long as Mr O'Connor sits there , the Whigs may expect to hear plain truth , and to encounter the most determined opposition to such an unjust , blood y , and tyrannical a policy as that ascribed to them b y th e ir friends .

      We p lace this question of Ireland before that of the Currency , an d not w ith s tanding the Times says , that " the attempt to divert the session from it ? origiiiiil destination , '* to its c o nsideration , " will be made from the mere love of mischief ; " we trust its c o nfident p r ediction w ill be f a ls i fi e d ; " that its first object will be the Bill of Indemnity promised in the recent letter to the Governor of the Bank , and that little or nothing else -will be done , e x cept what hears directly on the critical condition of commercial affairs . "

      But even this same Bill of Indemnity opens up the whole s ubject of the currency , and it i s not at a ll likel y that the opponents of the Currency System of Sir R Peel and the Whigs , will let sli p so capital an opportunity of pressing the victory over that system which thsy have achieved , by the virtual suspension of the Act of 1844 . . That Act has not effected one of the o b je c t s for which it wa s p lanned . It was useless during a period of monetary p lenty and when scarcity came , it fearfully and

      enormously aggravated the evils of the crisis , until at l as t it s a uth o r a nd the Whi gs were comp e lle d to su s pend it , ! in order to prevent universal ruin . It is impossible that such a law can be maintained or re-enacted . It is equaJiy impossible that the discussion can stop with a m er e I n demnity Bill . The Act of 1844 was avowedly the necessary complement of , and the buttre s s t o , the Act of 1819 ; and now that the buttress has been taken away , the s t a bility a nd safety of the original edifice must be looked to .

      In fact , it seems that the Government are aware they cannot avoid the full consideration of the subject , and , therefore , intend to ' grant " ( which we interpret " p r opo s e " ) a Committee of Inquiry . Such a committee , while it would attain their flint object , that of shirking the question for the time being , would be equivalent ton confession , on their part , that the calamitous occurrences of 1847 had undermined and shattered the system commenced in 1819 , and rendered investigation necessary . We do

      not see that a committee could add anything to the knowledge of the public on this subject . The first principles of monetary science , and the facts which illustrate the injurious working ofth e pre s ent system , a r e to b e f o und in the writings of men who have given the subject more close and practical attention than a Parliamentary Committee co u ld p o s s ibly d o ; and all the use of such a co mm i t tee wou ld b e to produce ano t her huge a nd unre a d a ble " bine book , '' with probably a report and recommendations " white-washing" the existing system .

      Closely connected with this subject is , that of the propriety of enforcing upon Railway Companies by some legislative means , the stoppage of lfnes , for w hi c h th e y have procured acts , in order that the money which would otherwise be expended in carrying these work s , may be allowed to flow into the ordinary channels of trade . Unf or tunatel y , the pressure of the times has already , to a considerable-extent , settled this question in a most melancholy way . Many of the companies , seeing the sheer impossibility of getting " calls" paid under the existing state of things ,

      have stopped these worksj and the consequence is , that thousands of workmen are thrown idle , thousands of families added to the pauperised ranks , and to the burdens of the country . Anything more insane than the system which produces such absurd and melancholy results as these , it is impossible to imagine . The worship ofthe golden idol has deprived its votaries of common feeling and common reason . In their blind infatuation , they insist that all the reproductive capabilities of this great , wealthy , and enterprising people , s h a ll be measured by , developed by , and fettered by , the quantity o f a s c a r c e a nd f o reign met a l , which may happen to be in the country for the time beingand when that is deficient , that

      , mill s , factories , work-shops , railways , — all must stand idle , until by means of enormous sacrifices on the part of manufacturers , and dreadful p rivations on the part of the operatives , we can manage to induce forei gn nation s to part with it , and to t a ke from us that wealth , at any price they choose , for want of which we , ourselves , are suffering ! We repe a t , never was there in the history of the world so monstrous and so mischievous an idolatry as this . It has already inflicted deep , frequent , and wide-spread evil upon this empire ; and , if not banished , it will as certainly lead to its final destruction , as the " , operation of similar causes overthrew Rome , t he a nc i ent mistress of the world .

      These cursory observations will show , that the ante-Christmas session will have to deal with important , pressing , and vital questions . Another week or two will enable us to jud ge of the qualifications the new parliament brings to its work , and in resuming our " Parliamentary Summary" we shall try them , as heretofore , by the standard of past * principles and public utility , a ltog e ther u n influen c ed b y the particular party designation they may 'bear .

      Power And Progress.. ' Itis High Time Th...

      POWER AND PROGRESS .. ' Itis high time that & definite line of action should be adopted by the people . The popular mind has already been toned to one point—imbued with one feeling—the necessity for the abolition of all Class-Legislation ; but , while the theoretical truth has been clearly demonstrated and fully appreciated , it is necessary tint the popular will should be guided , and the popular power organised . The phalanx of faction is preparing to take up its position in it < Parliamentary battle-field ; the ranks of democracy must be marshalled for the encounter . Often as this great battle has been fought , we think we may safely

      assert , it has never yet been fairly fought or wissly contested . Diinocracy has , hitherto , looked not towards the great aim of regeneration only—but to the darker goal of destruction . It has thought that it must pull down , before it could build up . A t the very time at which it exclaimed against class-legislation , it has endeavoured to construct , itself into a class-and rule . With the bigotry of the fanatic er the acerbity of tho despot , it has met the hostility of either , and thus perpetuated their evil . It is not so with the present objects of democracy in Eugland , and therefere its prospects are brighter . Democracy

      endeavours to heal the wounds class-legislation has inflicted , not to strike deeper blow * . —and while striving to enrich the posr , it does not seek to plunge the rich into that poverty to which they have so long consigned the millions . This system of destruction , on tho contrary , is the very one employed by the privileged factienist . The raonicd class strikes a blow at the landed [ interest , as the only means by which it thinks it can rise . The landlords ngain endeavour to retaliate , thinkicg they can only ths declension of

      gain by commerce . The very keystone of Frte Trade-coapetition-what does it mean ? - " ! will ruin my neighbour and drive him out of the market , that I may hare both his share and my own . " It is clear that a system bwed on these princip les , although it may benefit a restricted circle , must , by injuring an entire c ' asf , do more barm than it can effect good . For a time , indeed , what are called the "leading interests" elude the consequences , because they piakvtufl JIQ tking <& wes the wopegoat of their

      Power And Progress.. ' Itis High Time Th...

      mutaalaaimositi «; shd-increase"o fmachinery , reduced wages , unemployed hand * , and crowded oastiles , are the inevitable results . But the evil stop not here . Its originators feel it themselves , that system which restricts prosperity to a class , keeps workingon . and gradually contracts the limits of thatclass itself . The " rich" begin to suffer . A period of panic in speculation , a period of depression in trade arrivcs--tbe strong back-alone can stem the tide-the minor capitalists cannot weather thestorm , but the greater moneymonger finds all the be ter fishing in the troubled waters-he absorbs he broken fortunesofthe ruined speculator , till at length the

      great " monied interest" will be restricted to an aristocracy ofa few gold-kings , more tyrannous than the feudal and bolder prototypes . Thus . we find ho insolvency of tradesmen still increasing , and thus the stately fabrics of old-established banks keep fleeting away around us , melting , with their credit , into thin air-while EOBe , as stated in Mr 0 Connors letter of this week , can nuke a profit of £ 1000 per djem , out of the difficulties and the ruin of the rest . It is e ' ear . then , that the policy founded on the destruction of one class , for the elevation of another , must bo pregnant with future evil to the latter , and

      present aa well as prospective injury to all . It is not to thepDBiciples propounded by the votaries of these classes that the people ought to listen , though courted by the landlord to help in crushing the moneylord-orby the latter to destroy his rival . They must , oh the contrary , seek a remedy , in measures , that , while they benefit all , will injure none . Such is the plan propounded this week by Mr O'Connor-such are theoljects the popular power enshrined in tho Charter will seek to attain . But we must here point the attention of our readers to the foundation en which the political

      superstructure of modern Democracy seeks to place itself . Not on the shadowy basis of governmental credit—not on the fluctuations of commerce—that foreign war may annihilate or foreign competition undermine — no ! " a people ' s welfare should be grounded on something more substantial—more secure ; and , therefore , we find that the political reformer is forced , amid the chaos of monetary ruin and commercial panic , to look to ins lasd as the source of wealth , the guarantee of power , and the assurance of its stability . Political freedom is a glorious thing ; but political freedom and starvation would soon lead back , through anarchy , to slavery . In rder to insure the stability of the Charter , in order

      to guarantee a wise use ofthe power when obtainedit is necessary that the people should learn to contemplate the end—as we'l as the meat ' s . They are now standing on the threshold—they must learn to look into the interior ef the political edifice , and see what prospects of comfort and Eecurity there aro in its spacious , and still , in part , unexplored chambers . The value of the Land movement , in this respect , has been incalculable—it has led the minds of men in the right direction . It is one thing to create popular feeling—it is another to organise popular mind . But , thanks to the constant instru : tion the people have received , they are now beginning to give some

      of it to the government ; agitation has ceased to le a hungry howl—a storm of wrath , a clamour of re venge ;—the abstruse points of political economy are unapproachable secrets nolongcr , —and men begin to discuss tho questions of Land and Labour , and Currency—tho source , agent , and representative of wealth . This ia as it should be ; popular power is worth nothing unless wisely used . The people are prepared so to use it , since they seek in the Land the source of wealth—the stimulant to commerce and the corrective of poverty ; for , while fluctuations in trade , and failures in baiiks , may ruin thousands , the solid Land never fleets from under our

      feet—all crops never fail simultaneously—the great bank of nature never breaks . They are prepared so to use it , since they seek not to rob the rich * , but to prevent the rich from robbing them , and endeavour to harmonise t '» o just rights of property with those of labour . They are prepared so to use it , since they hold that moneythe representative of wealth—should not be like dice in the gambler's bands , a medium to defraud hbour—a means of speculation—the fine juggle by which the fundhoWcr and stock jobber , fatten on a National Debt and industrial poverty ; but as the monopoly of land is being broken through , as the

      monopoly of legislation is being assailed , so they now assail that hidden , but ever active power , comprised in the monopoly of gold . While these political principles are guided by the glorious motto of — '' Right to all and wrong to none , " we can call on tbe people with increased confidence to act and organise for theCharter . This wintcrEnjland nunt bestirring While factions are struggling and straining—while the moneymongers are rushing into ruin—while the rail ' s arc standing still—while the hands are in the streets—while the Irish are starving—while the protectionists have no faith in Bentinck—the moneymongers in Russell—the ministers in themselves —now that Chartism is the only arm that can interpose between the country and ruin , Chartists , if true to their principles , must seize the golden

      opportuaily , and whelm , beneath the gathering wave of public opinion and popular power , the struggling atoms of Tory ism and Whiggery , that now flounder about in the mire of their own misrule . It is no time for waiting-famine stares ns in the face—the game of parties overlooks the general good—ministers quarrel for place while the poor are turned from the overgorged bastiles—landlords squabble about relief , while their paupers perish—quick , energetic , and sound legitlatien can alone save the country—nature has given us the means of salvavation , wise expounders of political truths are teaching tha people that bad laws must no longer prevent our access to those means , and if government is unwilling , or incompetent to adopt great measures in sroat times , it must be forced to concede them .

      We warn the ministry , we warn the privileged law maker ? , and Jawperrerters to yield in time . It is yet the time in which generous and beneficent measures , like those embraced in the letter in cur first page—like that expounded in the ' Labourer' of October , may be adopted far the benefit of all —! et them not trifle with the feelings of a people , whose hour o f despair may tempt them to take counsel of hunger and wrath , sooner than of peace and justice—and may the people take immediate steps for bringing public opinion to bear on the assembling parliament , by their demonstration , their organisation , and their Convention .

      Tue "Holy Alliance" Of Nations. Th O A T...

      TUE "HOLY ALLIANCE" OF NATIONS . Th o a tr oc ious d octrin e s avowe d by the Times , respecting the " rights of propertj , " on -which we commented in our last , have been ciiticised also by our Irish contemporary , the Nation , in terms worthy of the energetic character of that journal . We quote the following paragraph : — Now we hereby offer on tbe part . ot Ireland , strict alliance , offensive and defensive , to this portion of the

      English people—to those EnglUhmon who have no rights —to those whom the Jews thus trample and spit upon . If thoy have indeed forgotten it , we mean to show ibem that they and we have both rights , rights to " win , and rights ; o recover ; tha t we can help one another to do it ; that the fint step to tbe performance of eur pious tavk is , to bring to condign punishment tho criminnls , Minis , tcrinl , Parliamentary , Jew , anfi Gentile , who have so long Jain upon the breast of three great nations , and striven to crush tin- life oat of them .

      We beg to assure the Nation , that Englishmen have not forgotten that their fathers had rig hts , an d t h at tho ' present generation are fully aware . that they have " rights to win andrightsto recover . " Englishmen , too-the working classes of England—have for years past demanded the restoration of the rights of their Irish brethren , as earnestly as they have demanded rights for themselves . More than three millions oi En g lishmen have petition ed f o r the " Repeal of the

      Union , " in conjunction with " The Charter . " We long ago taught that Englishmen and Irishmen " can help one another" to win the rights of both ; and that without such union the rights of neither can be obtained . Wo beg the A ' otion to remember that it was not us who swore to make the " gulf" between tho two nations " wider and deeper . " If , before this time , Englishmen and Irishmen have not been united in o ne p h a lanx , the fault has not been on this side of the channel .

      But" let bygones be bygones . " We accept the offer of " a biuict auiakck , owknbivb asd defensive , " between the two countries . Perish the prejudices of the past . Let Irishmen cordially unite With Englishmen , aud we wear , by the fathers of

      Tue "Holy Alliance" Of Nations. Th O A T...

      -both / who had "rights , " that the " rights" f « , . sons shall be won .. ; ' " * Woe to the Whigs if they dare to bring fon ,, rt their threatened measures ef coercion against I land ! Woe to the Jews and jobbers , oppressors = 1 ^ murderers , who have too long ' trampled anj J ? upon" the outraged people of both countries ! nrj to the enemies of both nations , when the peoi v march " shoulder to shoulder , " under one baa ner , recognising but one foe , and intent on ^ object—the regeneration of Albion and Erin , fy-ji heart and soul we respond to the words ofthe A a (; , and now f o r t ho stru gg le ! " Our green flag glitters o ' er us , The friends we ' ve tried Are by cur side , And the foe we bate before us !" . , -v— . t '» U . J i ( .: i . i , u it itriiiu . ii ' u ! : ti ii . " — "

      Cd Iteafor* & Gorrespomicius,

      CD iteafor * Gorrespomicius ,

      Mibcbixantous. J. Pace, Brighton.—We Do ...

      MIBCBIXANtOUS . J . Pace , Brighton . —We do not know whether Theleg ^ Adviser is in existence . ' For tub O'Co . vnob Difence Fund . —J . Sweet nckno * ledges the receipt of the following sums , viz .: _ p ro Blake Hall , IB Ud ; McElllcock , fid ; a Hater of Oppre . sion . Cd ; Mr Leo , 6 d . —Towards Printing Account J Collected at the ilorsa and Jockey , 2 s 3 i < l ; do ., at the Salutation Tnvern , 2 s 4 d .-Nottinghain Election Fund ; —A Friend , Kettering , Is . Mr Ernest Jones has received twenty four postage stamps from George Stevens , Annitage , for prosecution

      of the c :. se of Manslaughter at SUatord . All monies for that purpose ought to be forwarded to the Directors , at the Land Office , 114 , High Holborn . Mr Jtncs has also received the sum of i » I I'd for the same purpose , irom llury St Edmund ' s , per Thou . Leggett , and 3 s < fl from tho Hawick brunch of the Land Company . SUBSCBIFTIONS FOB ELECTION COMMITTEE .-Tlie Secre . tary acknowledges the receipt of 8 s 2 d from Mr Edmund Somersidc , Winlaton . A Young Ciua-risr , Dorking , strongly censures the DU patch for its libels on Mr O'Connor and the L « nd Plan ; and advises Alderman Hariner to employ sohcr editors henceforth , if he wishes his paper to continuu in ex .

      istence . A Poor Operative Ikishmaw wonders what has coma over the press-gang of late , eo mindful of the interests ofthe working classes (!) and so anxious t » protect them from Jlr O'Connor ! Ho thinks , thu sympathy of the said ' gang * is all humbug , and advises the work . ing men not to support any paper opposed to the Land PlMl . J , Richauds , Lewishnm , write * : I have money in the Exeter Savings' Bank . Can I draw it out of the Bank of England without going to Exeter V Answer— ' I fear Mr Richanlswill have to present himself pi-r . onall y at Exster , for the purpose of withdrawing h Is money from the Savings' Bank ; but these banks are not , I believe , all governed by the same rules . I recommend km to apply for . information by a letter addressed to tha Board of Directors at Exeter , setting forth the hard .

      ship ot having to apply in person , and asking whether bis receipt , through some friend at Exeter , will besuffl . cent discharge ?—T . 1 ' kice , Manager of the National Land and Labour Bank . ' Mit Meakin , Sutton-in-Ashfield . —Yen must make year own arrangements . We si all send on receipt of you order . Me Tubseii , Park Gato . -The paper was posted at the proper time . We w ill see to it . Stockton . —No fault whatever is attached to Mr J , wn . S'jn , our agent , for the dilay last week . We wrote hira to that effest . Mb Gosling , Conglcton . —We have not got them . A ScBscmBtn , Woo . ibridge . —Wo have no knowledge ol the party . The Leagcees . —To the Editor ofthe Xorthern Star . — Sir , —I have read with most undissembled concern the

      statement in the letter signed' Manchester Man , ' of an attempt being made by parties in the Examiner c . tilce to procure the assassination of our best friend , which , if true , argues such an amount of respectable F ; ee Trade chapcl-going villany , that I hope no exertioa will be wanting to ascertain the truth or falsehood oi the alleg-ition . The attempt is , itself , a penal offence , for which they can be recommended a change of resi . deuce , country , and climate , by twelve of their own order . I remain , your obedient servant , E . Robertsos . Plymouth , Nov . 1 , 1847 . Phosecution of the Proprietors of the Manchester Em ? r . u ' iicr . —Marylebone Locality , 2 s led ; Abergavenny , per T : C . Ingram , 2 s Ud . Mr S . Kvnn—The Chartists of Doptford and Greenwich are desirous of printing Mr Kydd ' s election speech , if that gentleman can supply a copy . MrKydd is re .

      quested to communicate with Mr J . Morgan , 39 , Butcher-row , Beptford , Kent . William Coombs—We have no room to notice the asinine doings of tho Western Visitor ' s editor and cornspoudents . It . Fkaseh , Elgin . —Thanks . Mr Rider ' s address is Xorthe rn Star office , 16 , Great Windmill street , Haymar . ket , London . T . D . Hamisos , Walworth . —We have not room , S . Jacobs . — We have no room foryonr lengthy letter . If any injustice has been done you by anything pub . lished iu the Sttr , show the error or falsehood of the maitor you complain of in half a dozen lines , aud your statement shall hav •• publicity . A Word to tue Cuartists . '—During the present agitation regarding the Land Company in Manchester , I trust the Chartists generally will not be so foolish as to

      encourage the enemy by purchasing the Examiner , through curiosity to behold its ravings . Instead ot * so doing , let them go to a reading room , where they may sec it withcut giving the srnallett assistance to the onprincipled crew .-from a Land Mtmber who has un . tM-c » confidence in Mr O'Connor . James 1 ' . M'Cuujiack , secretary to the Stockport Election Committee , begs to inform the localities be has visited that he will lay a full return before thera in next week ' s Star . Mr M'Cormack wishes to let the Keighley men know tbat be was furnished with proper credentials . All letters to be addressed to James F , M'Cormack . 'No . 30 , Queen-strect , Portwcod , Stockport , Cheshire . J , S west begs to acknowledge the receipt of 2 s s . Jdfor the Printing Account , collected at the Masons' Arms . SvLVEBTEa Uvan . —No room . John Cbosslet , Stalybridge . —1 st If the government bring in the bill , it will not cost the town anything ,

      2 nd . It will cause ho increase of the police rates . 3 rd . You will not be compelled to have a corporation . No Tbansfkii can take place until the Company is com . pletely registered . All certificates must be taken cut iu the name of tho person who joins . A Man and his Wife can each hold four shares . Mb Side . —tt'e cannot find the letter , which , we suppose , like other rejectedcommunications , has been destroyed , J . Shaw . —A resolution , signed J . Shaw . ' is without the necessary additions of when and where adopted . C . G ., Westminster . —Your acquaintance , who told von there was no such paper ns the Rcforme , is an ass . 'the Jicforme is the organ of the Democrat . c Republicans of France ; it is published daily , and its office is > ° a . 3 , Rue J . J . Rousseau , Paris . Thk Whistler . —As itis not our purpose to make a Newgate Calendar of the Northern Star , we have thought it due to our readers , and respectful to our numerous correspondents , to withhold the numerous letters that we have received from the dupes of this

      ABLE AHD INTERESTING TIUEP . Henbv Biale . —We have received his long andinteresting letter , relative tt , it , » conduct of Messrs Cleave and Ilobson . We shall reserve it , anu ju cK ,, c n . One who signs himself 'One ok Mb Hob son ' s ArrixENTiCES' and who gives his name , writes thus : — ' Win Joshua Ilobson meet Ben . Brown , Will . Brown , Fuwley , Pallister , and another person , and myself . face to face , and wo will not tnrn our backs -upon the discussion of tho Land Plan , or the grease pot V J . Cabtledgb , Sheffield ; and J . Yates , Maochester .-Xexiweek , G . Tornes , Coxheve . —It is impossible to tell at present , Tns Tivsbton Library . —Julian Harney Las receive ! tbe following books for the above library , preseaitd by Mr Dorman of Nottingham , per Mr Bornham : — Rsport of the Commissioners for inquiring into the

      s » ate of large towns , & c , 2 vols , ; * Life , Travels , < fcc . of George Fox , ' 2 vols , j and a volume of' The Preceptor . ' The Poets . —Wchave received a mass of poetry , ' nhkb we cannot use at present . Juliah Harney has ptild over to Mr Stallwood the f-1-lowing sums : —For General Etect " on Fund : —Ail . 'fl i perW . Kerr , j £ lj Kidderminster , per G , Holloway , 4 s . Gd . ; Hawick , perS . M . B ., 31 . For the Sleafcri case ; AUoa , per W . K <; rr , 10 a . ; Bradford , J ; Smjihf 3 s . Gd . For the Holytown Miners ; Bradford , per Jr Smyth , 3 s . ; Kidderminster , per G . Holkmny , i's . A Well Wisheb , ' GIossop ; and G . Gordo * , shall & answered in our next . Odb Pabis Cobbespondent will receive a letter from » ' The interesting article on 'The Reform Movement "» France , ' arrived too late for insertion this week . M

      shall appear in our next , J . Gaskell , Hyde . —4 s 61 , each insertion , A . Smith , Heywood . —Apply to some person at OUhaa , TnE Sleafobd Cace —Mrs Dodson , of Sleaford , wishes to acknowledge the receipt of £ 1 . 8 » . ( including sirp * nce from Mr Muuro , ) from tho Somcrs To « d Chartists . Stucebmdoe . —We have forwarded your commucicl * tion to the directors . J omah Habnet has received from Manchester , per ^ T . Oomsher , Five Pounds , to aid Mr O ' Connor i & bringing the ifancftesler Examiner to justice . J . " *' ha * handcdfh & moi . cy to Mr Rider . Darlington , —Thanks for the letter , for which , bo *' ever , we have not room . Brighton , Baccp , Southampton , Reading , Bh . sio " i Macclesfield , Maidstone , and Lowbands , n «* week .

      " *"• ftrfl Wm . TUkkin . —The papers relating to tho estates M ¦*¦ late Sir Lister Holt shall receive an early a " „ "' They arc v . rv bulky ; and a careful perusal ot t- n > and consideration of tbe case of the claimants , maj gage mc some days . I am not aware of the circu stances of tho claimants ; but if they are not l " }! ,, p ! e , a fee , bearing some proportion to the length w ^ papers , outfit to be sent . Clients ought to keep •» , collection that I have never profesfed to give ' grattU" - legal advices , except to j . w people . , „ bPiip Wm . CossTAKTitiE . —I shall be able , I hope , to l . w ' yourcaso again soon . „ nfvou

      Lawant Augustus leader . —icanmaKenoiu" * - ^ y letter ; hut if you will scud ma a copy of tho « cjl which the legacy of £ 100 . was left ( or a copy o « »» "L . of it as relates to this legacy ; , I will advise on tne 1 Nathl . Kettlrwkll -I saw Mr Levey some tuu « ^ and I have since written to him , tolling' n" » ' „ cre dered that you and your sister , Mrs ^ " ° ; , ' t 1 clearly the only persons entitled to the leg . ^ i' s ! 1 in havo rewired no answer to my letter . I « l " \ jto my power to prevent a Chancery suit , wluc " unnecessary . . . , mtr ^ J S . If . Shaw -If you were n » t hunting rabbit * . » "J , „ , {» , going with your dog quietly along the road or ^ ' the farmer had no right to take and detain y « ^ „ t If he will not give it up , you may mainti " «

      trover against him in the Small Debts' torn *• . it , tiit Thob . : AND Jas . Abkwbight . —Unless the uc ' i » 8 after your uncle ' s death , lived in a much mw * h"ft ] ity is manner than they before did , I think the prow ^ thnt the reports about your uncle's great wc . j 0 pt have been without foundation . As iw « l " . $$ 1 uncle was found ia Doctors ( Commons when luv

  • Citation
    • Northern Star (1837-1852), Nov. 13, 1847, page 4, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse.ac.uk/periodicals/ns/issues/ns2_13111847/page/4/