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Northern Star (1837-1852), 14th July 1849, Edition 2 of 3, Page 7, TO THE TRADES OF GREAT BRITAIN ArJD IREL...

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    • Emaevtal #aritammt
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      To The Trades Of Great Britain Arjd Irel...

      TO THE TRADES OF GREAT BRITAIN ArJD IRELAND . ( From No . 2 ofthe Democratic Review , July , 1849 . ) Fellow Hen . —In my last I promised to further develops ( . in . separate letters ) the principles -upon which the Trades' organisation is founded , and ¦ which my " excellent friends and colleagues , tbe Trades ' . Delegates of London , are labouring to establish . Our first principle declares the universal right of the people to the Soil . You will behold in that declaration , ; the assrrtion of a light

      which was wre « ted from . your forefathers by force . The subversion of that ; ri ght has Wen ihe cause of all the evils entailed upon your order ; including that monster evil the want of useful employment , with the inseparable concomitants of poverty and s » arvation . How shall we best answer the usurpers of the sen , who have struggled for aues to preach the people inti a belief—delude tb / m into a belief—and coerce them into a belief , that the privileged orders have a divineright—a prescriptive right , and iu . short all manner of right , to maintain exclusive possession of , and dominion over the soil ?

      We snail answer them best by a correct definition of man s natural ri- ^ hls , and by placing these rights in contradistinction to brute force possession—or political n-nrpatian . I therefore at once pronounce those rights t" ensist of the free use of sift the primary elements of the universe , -which nature ' s G"d bath placed in abundance al the disposal of the whole human family ; not to be exclusively possessed by that class of men to whom the Dukes of . Bedford , Buckingham , arid Richmond belong . The elements , the free use of which constitute man ' snataal rghts , I define to be the land , the bowels of the < -arth , the waters whether inland or oceanic , toge her with the air aud right of htaven .

      The free use of these I proclaim to be the natural , the inalienable , and imprescriptive right of every human being—a right which existed " anterior , to all human society , which no legislation , no force , can abrogate , without committing an outrage upon humanity . "Who-oever nsurpethbutaporrion of any one of these elements , to tbe total exclusion of bis fellows , is guil-y of tbe highest crime against humanity . It is necessary to settle in the first place what man ' s natural rishts are , and afterwards deal with society as we find it . I . shall now proceed briefly to show ' the process bv which the people of this country have been lobbed of teeir right of inheritance in the soil . To do th ' s I must first glance at the early periods of EnabWHistdry .

      Two thousand years ago when the sombrous forest everywhere prevailed , and the busy hum of our towns and cities ot the nineteenth century was unheard and unknown , the ancient Britons , clothed in the skins of wild animals , possessed their natural rights even in a state of rude barbarism to a much greater degree than the modern Britons , of ( what is regarded as ) the enlightened nineteenth century . In their no : mal state they at least had free access to the soil— to the rivers and the fountains , th « air and light of heaven , and could collect the fruits of the forest for tlieir su-tenance . How stands the matter , after the lapse of tw- > thousand years ? Why , that nearly ihe whole of the land is in tbe hands of the four hundred and thirty-two eldest scions of an

      hereditary aristocracy , who set " men traps and spring guns ' " as a terror to the dispossessed ; and who have the power to commit to prison any man who may step within their domain- ! , as was the case with a poor fellow for gathering a few nuts fr ma hedue on the estates of the Duke of Marlborough , in August lastestates jvhicn the ancestor of his present grace had given him , together whb a pension of £ 3 , 000 per annum by Queen Anns , for having fought the battb s of tyran sand usurpers , and deluged Europe wiih blord . "We have but to examine the pages of hist jry , and we shall discover that the first establishment of private ownership ia land was accomplished by brute force , in an age of barbarism , when all disputes were settled by the sword—aud might constituted right—and

      that it has evix since hern maintained by the strong arm of power , while those who hive enjoyed its exclusive posses'iou have enhanced its value , and consolidated their poser , by treasonable legislation , When Julius Cajsar effected the conquest of Britain * , fifty-five years : before the Christian era , he only paved the way to other advent rers . The Saxons whoac ompanied Ilengist and llorsa , under " pretence of assi ^ tiui ? the Britons against the incursions of the "Picts and Sent ? , took forable possession of tbe countrv , af-erit had been a R .-mau colony for nearly 50 ft years . Following the Saxoss , were the Danes under King Canute , whose dominion was but of short duration , as Edward the Confessor , a king of tbe Saxon line , ultimitelv succeeded to the throne .

      Then came the crowningcarnageand final uurpation of Britain by the Norman Conquest , In 1066 ; eleven hundred years after its fir--t invasion by the Imperial ft » nan . After the conquest William the Conqu-ror divided the lams of England into 700 chief baronies , which were subdivided into 00 , 215 knightsfees ; and parcelled out among the 60 , 000 invaders who composed his army—vagabonds collected from tbe numerous hordes of freebooters , which overran nearlv aU the states of Europe at that period . The baroilies he gave to the brigand chiefs who csmmanced this monster banditti ; and the knights-fees were assigned to the subalterns and smaller fry , who were installed as the retainers of those fierce military chieftains .- "War was evt-rvwhere waged against the

      dispossessed , wbo were either put to the sword , or compelled to bscome the " vassals of the usurper * . Such is the foundation upra which our land lei . nres -were based , and nnori which ihey rest up to the present time . " But even then , no such thing as a private ownership in land was in any respect known or recognised by the feudal law . jis originally established by tbe Norman conqueror , except hi the person of the king , who was supreme lord of tlie landed property . Iheg- « at barous we ; e all military tenants of the kins , aud occupied ihe baronies upon a strictly conditional tenure down to the thine nth cenmry , hwen , by a fornrdable conspirac y , the baronial chiefs compelled King Joh-i to sign Magna Cbarta , which wrested the prerogativeof supreme lord of the landed

      propertv of die state irona the kiug , and conferred it npon themselves . By the sixtv-firsfand sixty-secmd sections of that document , they invested the power in five-and-tweaty baronial kings , to enforc-.- tbe change which they had made in their own favour , from being tenants of the crown , to absolute proprietors . Thus dotu history prove that this huge monopoly , ibis intolerable i surpatioa of the soil , has its foundation in force and fraud . 1 shall prove , on another occasion , that from the hour of the Norman cor quest downto the rugn of George the First , the whole history of tlie ancestors of the present usurpers of the soil , is s crusade of confiscation , plunder , rapine , and devastation . During their fierce and bloody contests , extenriiuff over a period of seven centuries ,

      might constituted right , and tbe possessors of laud on the one day bfcoine the dispossessed on the morrow ; and he who was the greatest conqueror , by craft or by arms , was considered ihe greatest hero . Yet we were told in the House of Commons the other nidit by the Premier , whose ancestor picked np his extensive possessions during the scramble at the spoliation of the Abbey lands , that this mongrel aristtcacy "is the least objectionable ia Europe , because it admits within its bosom men who have not been bom wirhi . -i the circle of rank . " He however neglected io inform the House that titles and slue cures havegfiieriliybeen conferred upon commoners who have l-zen dangerous to the aristocrary , that they might fas bought over from popular princip ' es . The prcs-nt aristocracy are the descendants of

      freebooters , and the progeny of pimps and prostitutes , to which niny he added a cons : der . iblc number of crafty place and office hunters from nearly all nations , creeds , and trasses—cemented toge : her into such a heterogeneeus compound , that it would puzzle ail the antiquarians and historians in Eu'ope , to trace the geneahigical descent of this huge mongrel aristocracy ; which boasts of its " long and illuitri = - -us line of ancestry " It is tbe usuriation of the sail by this aristocracy , whicli has d-iven the people ftvin tbe bosom of their ' parent eartbinti our large towns aud cities , aud f . irced them into various trades in undue proportions ; until a ? l trades have become alike overstocked , lens of thousands unable to iind employment , and those who are employed struggling and competing to cheapen the price of their labour .

      Itis ti :-e usurpation of the soil by this aristocracy , which has made Ireland all but a desert , and threatens Great Britain with a similar doom , unless thema-seiof the people fly to . the rescue of their country from the dominion of those nsnrpers . 1 must resume the consideration of tufa all-impor tant subject in my next lefer . AxFBEn A . Waltos .

      As Axciest Goose.—On Sunday Last Mr. "W....

      As Axciest Goose . —On Sunday last Mr . "W . Turnill , of Braceborougb , experienced a death of a singular nature—no less than the death of a favourite foose , which had been on the premises at Braccorough for sixty j ears , - and prior to that" had been IntheposscssionofMr . John Smith , of Deeping St . James s for forty years . The bird was consequently 100 years old at his demise . Mr . Turnill intends having the skin shifted and preserved as . a-relic ol antiquity . - - ' ¦¦ ' » ¦ , , ' IIeijgious Exrxnrriox . —The Emperor of

      Morocco bavins solicited from the English government the means of conveying two of his sons and suite to Mecca , on a . pilsr ' niage to the shrine of the Mussulmens' prophet , the Admiralty have acceded to hi . request , and have commissioned the Growler steamsloop , at Devonport , forthe purpose . It is expected ishe will be ready to leave England by the 20 th mst . [ for Tangier , to embark the Princes of Morocco , and , [ after she has conveyed them to Mecca , and back again to Morocco , will join Sir W . Parker ' s squadron for permanent service in the Mediterranean . —CJ * f ^ Service Gazette . - ' ¦

      \ Fisheries &~ sb the Fobeigsebs . —In consequence of the complaints made last year , of the cneroaehment of foreigners on our fishing grounds , the Board fof Trade have conferred on the various officers of ithe Scotch " Fishery Board powers to search and ' seize any vesfd fishing within the limits proscribed by treaty . —Banfrfiire ~ J < nir , ial .

      As Axciest Goose.—On Sunday Last Mr. "W....

      THE SICILIAN ARMAMENT . —AFFAIR OF THE - BOMBAY STEAMER . Atthe Old Bailey Sessions on Thursday , Franco Maccagnone GranatellL commonly called Prince Granatelli , Louis Scalia , and John Moody , surrendered to take their trial for misdemeanour . Another defendant , named Salvadore de Ameco , was included in the indictment , but he did not surrender . SirF . Thesiger . Mr . Clarkson , and Mr . Bodkin , appeared for the prosecution , Sir F . Kelly and J [ r , Ballantinc defended Prince Granatelli , Mr . Martin defended Scalia , and Mv . M . Chambers defended Moody . Sir P . Thesigeb , in opening the ease , said , this

      was a prosecution instituted by the authority of the Minister in this country of his Majesty the King of the Two Sicilies , against , the defendants , and another person named Ameco , who had-not surrendered to take his trial , for having unlawfully enlisted men and equipped vessels of war for the purpose of being employed hpstilely against his Majesty the King of the Two Sicilies , the lawful Sovereign of that country , contrary to the provisions of an Act of Parliament , passed in the year 1819 , commonly called the Foreign Enlistment Act . It was unnecessary for him to ~ dwcll upon the policy of the law in question , because it was impossible to conceive anything move likely to disturb the relations between friendly states than for persons to adopt the proceeding of equipping vessels aud making

      hostile demonstrations " of this description in one country against another . The Jury were aware that during the past year nearly the whole of the States of the Continent had been disturbed by revolutionary movements , and many of the governments of those states had been entirely shaken to their foundation , arid all had been seriously disturbed . The King of the Two Sicilies was not exempt from that which might be described as the prevailing spirit of the times . In 1 S 4 S revolutionary proceedings took place in Sicily , and in the early part of that year a provisional government was established at Palermo , and the defendants , Granatelli and Scalia , were appointed by that Insurgent government to proceed to this country in the capacity of

      Commissioners or Envoys , and were received by the British government in that capacity . It would seem that the revolutionary government of Palermo were desirous to create an armed force to act against their lawful sovereign , aud very soon after the arrival of those two defendants in this country , they entered into an agreement with the Peninsular and Oriental Steam Company for the purchase of two of their vessels ,: called the Tectis and the Bombay , for the sum of £ 60 , 000 ; and in August , 1848 , the agreement was ratified by the government at Palermo , and the Tectis was sent to Liverpool , where she was fitted out as a war steamer , under the superintendence of the defendant Moody , and she waseventually despatched

      to Palermo without any interference by the authorities of this country . The Bombay , which was the vessel that would form the subject of the present inquiry , remained at Blackwall , and he had no doubt that he should be able to satisfy the jury that she had been armed and equipped through the instrumentality of the defendants , and ^ was intended to be used for hostile purposes against the lawful sovereign of the Two Sicilies . He should show them that a Colonel Aubrey , who had formerly been ^ in the English service , had been dispatched to this country by the revolutionary government at Palermo , -with instructions to raise a body of . 1 , 200 men , and to embark them on board these steamers , and that he entered into communication with Prince Granatelli and Scalia , and that they were perfectly well aware of his object , and exerted themselves to

      carry it into effect , with a view to support the insurgent government against their lawful sovereign . There was no desire to press the matter vindictively against the defendants—the object was to vindicate the law , and to teach the defendants and others similarly situated , the danger they incurred by such practices , and that there was a power to punish them , and this was the only object of the present prosecution . The examination of witnesses for the prosecution occupied the greater part of Thursday and Friday . The attempt to show the purchase of the vessels from the Peninsula and Oriental Steam Company , failed , as the officers of the company claimed to he excused lest they should thereby criminate themselves . Neither could secondary evidence of the agreement , which was copied when it was produced before the magistrate , be given .

      Lord . Palmbkstos was called to show that this country was in amity with the King of Naples , and that no authority had been given to the defendants to fit cut any expedition . Being cross-examined by the prisoners , he said tbe government of Palermo bad possession of the greater part of Sicily , and , in fact , exercised the governing power . It was a government acknowledged to be existing , though not a recognised European government . - There was a parliament of Lords and Commons and a President . lie was applied to hy this Sicilian government to mediate between that and the Neapolitan government . He had not caused the Bombay'to be seized , and two months alter the seizure the' vessel was ordered by oar government to be restored .

      Colonel Aubrey was next exariiincd , to prove that he was authorised directly by the Sicilian government to raise 1 , 200 men in England , and that he had several interviews with the defendants respecting the two steam-boats . They wished him to find some dashing English fellow to take the command of the Bombay , aud he introduced Lieutenant "Waghorn . The Prince was delighted , and rubbed his hands when he was assured that if "Waghorn was appointed he would undertake to bring in twelve of the eig hteen war steamers belonging to the King of Naples , but he could not answer for the other six . The French government failingto assistthe Palermo governmentwith aloan of £ 750 , 000 , his engagement to raise 1 , 200 men fell to the ground . —Being

      crossexamined by Sir F . Kelly , the witness said : "I never told the defendants that I intended to betray them to the Neapolitan government . I have not received any money from the Neapolitan government . "— Sir F . Kelly : "Are you to receive any ? " —Colonel Aubrey : "Am I obliged , my . lord , to answer that question ? " Mr . Justice Coltman " I do not see why you should not . "—Sir P . Kelly * ' Xow , Sir , answer the question . " Witness " : "In consequence of tbe position in which I was placed , I was to receive . "—Sir F . Kelly : — "Go on , Sir . " "Witness : "I am to have what the Sicilian government owe me . "—Sir F . Kelly : "Bow

      much ? " "Witness : " Three huridred pounds . "SirF . Kelly : " What are you to receive three hundred pounds for ? " "Witness : " For giving evidence to cause the seizure of the Bombay steamer . "—Sir F . Kelly : * ' Then you did give some evidence which led to the seizure of the Bombay ? " " Witness : "" I did . "—By Sir F . Thcsiger : "Heft tbe service of the Sicilian government , because , having pledged my word and honour for the fulfilment of the contracts , they placed me in a difficult position by ' neglecting to send me money . They intended to play the traitor with mc , but I was too deep for them , and I considered myself justified in stopping the vessels . The amount of tlie contracts for which I

      was liable was ife . 1 , 500 , ' Mr . LiTCHFonii , an accoutrement maker , corroborated Colonel Aubrey ' s statement as to some interviews with the Prince , and his directions about the equipment . Mr . GiLnv , a clothier , deposed to providing uniforms for 1 , 200 men by order of Colonel Aubrey . AMivDbydex spoke to conversations with the defendants about employing him in the command of one of the war steamers ; and some seamen were called to show that they " were engaged to go on board , and that the steamers were fitted-up as vessels of war . Upon cross examination they admitted that the vessels were perfectly ready to -goto war , except that they wanted guns and ammunition , and . the crew .

      The last witness called was the Neapolitan Minister , Prince Castemicat . a . He said : From the year 1847 down to the present time there has been peace between this country and the . kingdom of the Two Sicilies . I know by = sight Prince Granatelli and Senhor Scalia . They hold no office under tho King of the Two Sicilies . I met them inthe anteroomof tliePorcig n-ofliceononcoccasionwhen I was going by appointment to sec Lord Palmerston , and also met them at ^ a soiree " given by Lady Palm ' erston . The present prosecution lias been instituted at my instance . Cross-examined by Sir F . Kelly : I have not been in Sicily since the trouble ' s broke out . The predecessor of the present King was Ferdinand the First . I had an eye on the Bombay for some

      time , and I wrote to Lord Palmerston ; I cannot remember theidate when I wrote ; it was , perhaps , six monthsago . I did not succeed with Lord Palmerston "in persuading him to seize the vessel . I never entered into any communication with the " officers of the Customs respecting the seizure of the Bonioay , I instructed , my . solicitors to institute this prosecution some timei ago . I have seen Colonel Aubrey twice ; perhaps it mi g ht have been on the suhjectof those proceedings . I have leftthe matter entirely in the hands of my solicitors , and whatever bargains have been made with witnesses ' for payment have not been made by myself ; ^ I never spoke to Prince Granatelli or Senhor Scalia in my- life ; nor have I had any official communication with

      them .: A great ' number : of men have ' come to me on this business , " " and I have always referred ' them to my solicitors . —By Mr . M . Chambers : ' The King of the Two Sicilies has had a great ^ nuniber ofvessels built in England through iny " means . ' -Mr ; Pitcher has built several war-steamers for him .- There have been no vessels built henrwithin the last two or three years for the King of the TwO ' Sicilies ., The ammunition for those vessels was not provided here ; it : was furnished at 3 Japles . ; Wheh those ^ vessels were built , the King ofthe Two Sicilies was not at war ; with any power ; they were built merely to keepnplus navy . There are a great ' number of English engineers in the navy of the King Of the " Two' Sicilies . This was the case for the prosecution . TheCOWtthen , atHV 8 O ' clock , adjourned .

      As Axciest Goose.—On Sunday Last Mr. "W....

      Saturday . —The-trial of this case was resumed this morning at ten o ' clock , -when Sir Fitzroy Kelly rose and addressed the Jury on the oart of tho defendant . He complained of the manner in which the prosecution had been instituted , after onr own government , on a due inquiry into all the circumstances , had refused to interfere in the matter ; and next , of the way in which the prosccutiori-had been conducted—by the preferring an indictment , containing no less than eighty counts , against foreigners , -who were ignorant of our laws , and one of thorn even of our hinguago ; mid of the evidence which had been brought forward in support of that

      indictriient , and which characterised as altogt-thei uhworihv of belief . But , even admittingthe credibility ofthe witnesses , he urged that their evidence had failed to establish the charge against the defendants , and ought , at all events , to be viewed with considerable caution and suspicion ; and , in conclusion , said , he confidently left the case in the hands of the Jury . Mr . M . Chambers and Mr . Martin addressed the Jury on the part of the other dofen dants . The Learned Judge summed up the evidence . The Jury retired to consider their verdict , and , after an absence of half-an-hour , " Acquitted " all the defendants . —The Court then adjourned .

      The Romans And Hungarians. Public Meetin...

      THE ROMANS AND HUNGARIANS . Public meetings are being held in various parts ofthe country for the purpose of assisting Hungarian exiles now in London to return to their own country , and expressing sympathy with the Romans in their " struggles for freedom . ' One ofthe ino . so important of these meetings took place on Friday , in the Lecture-room , Nelson-street , Newcastle , and it appears from a report in the Newcastle Givtrdian that the building was densely crowded , and that hundreds of persons were unable to obtain admittance . Sir John Fife took the chair . Several speeches were delivered in the course ofthe evening , andthe following resolution was adopted : —

      v That a national subscription , for the purpose of enabling the Hungarian exiles now in this country to return to their native land will be an act worthy of the generosity ofthe people of England , at tbe same time that it will afford them an opportunity , which they should not suffer to pass by , of making public and manifest their , indignation at the conduct ofthe Austrian and Russian governments towards Hungary , and of showing sympathy with the heroic exertions of the Hungarian people in , the most sacred of causes— -the protection of their " homes and country against invasion . That accordingly a subscription for that purpose be commenced , and the proceeds forwarded to Lord Dudley Stuart . " A motion was then carried expressive of sympathy with the condition ofthe Romans . ; " : '

      Signor Bompiaw , a Roman , in returning thanks , spoke as follows : —The French government has revealed to the world what is their love for French liberty , by pouring bombs on Roman liberty . Yes , the political principles ofthe Seine are explained on the ; banks of the Tiber ! : They have-bombarded Rome , because the laurels gathered on the field of battle by Nicholas , Ferdinand , "Windischgratz , and Radetski , troubled , like a night-mare , their sleep . See that immense column of smoke and dust whicli rises like a cloud from the centre of Italy ; it comes from the destruction of the greatest monuments of human genius , and which have been bombarded b y the soldiers of civilised France . Varsovia , Milan ; Brescia , Ancona glorious victims of your patriotism and of : your tyrants , you needed a companion in

      your , sorrows and devastation , and Rome shares your fate . Yes , the French cannons , which were destined only to destroy the citadels of tyrants , have roared against the Roman republic , which demanded nothing from France , but its alliance and friendship , against a people whose sole crime was to have followed their example . The attack on Rome is the crime of Cain accomplished by afaiihless government against a defenceless people . Bad a republic been proclaimed in St . Petersburg , ov in ' London , thi power which governs the destiny of France would have trembled and bowed before them . But Rome is comparatively a small town , and 35 . 000 men , the bravest soldiers of Europe , backed , by Austrian , Spanish , and Neapolitan troops , have at last silenced the fire ofthe brave but

      unfortunate defenders of our liberty , and who had retired to Rome as to the heart of Italian independence . The French legions have - been victorious—they , through fire and sword , have become masters ot Rome , and now Pius IX . can return to the eternal city ; a river of blood will bring him back his triple golden crown , whilst his Master only loft to him a crown of thorns . Let him take it up with that hand which signed the warrant of death for bis children , which was destined only to bless and forgive ! "Why does he not go to Avignon , where several of his . predecessors passed nearly seventy years ? No , he must occupy again the regal abode

      of the Vatican , though he styles himself the vicar of "Him who had not a stone whereon to rest hi . * head . " . One word more . I may ; be asked , "To what purpose your speech , your enthusiasm V \ For a very simple reason—I do wish that there should be at least one nation in the world to set an example of public morality . I would wish that , cheered by sympathy here for our misfortunes ' and efforts , I could from this distant country exclaim to my Italian brethren , " "We have all the world against US , except free England . " This , at least , will be our consolation in our fall , that wo were lamented and admired . Let the men of England . think on the calamities and circumstances which have reduced

      to a nonentity and slavery the queen of nations , and they will pronounce their judgment , which I doubt not will be heard . with fear and dismay by those tyrants who have caused , and cause , so many tears and blood . ' The voice of a free and generous people -is all-powerful , and will re-echo like thunder to the most distant regions .

      The Delegates From Baden And The Paris Press.

      THE DELEGATES FROM BADEN AND THE PARIS PRESS .

      Sin—The liberty of the press at present being- completely suspended in France , I fear the enclosed letter addressed to La Presse , of M . Girardin , will not be allowed to appear in the French journals . Being , at the same time , anxious to expose a gross infraction of all human rights , on the part of the French government , I request the hospitality of your columns for this purpose . " 1 EITEK ADDRESSED 10 THE EDITOR OF THE " FCESSE , " AT PARIS . " London , June 30 . " Sir—Permit me to correct a few errors which

      have appeared in La Presse , and some of the other journals , of Paris , concerning myself and my friends , MM . Scliutz and Blind , the delegates from Baden and the Palatinate to the French Republic . " 1 . MM . Scliutz and Blind requested , immediately on their arrival at Paris ; an audience with the minister of Foreign Affairs , in order to present their credcritials . It was , therefore , well known to the government , that they ought not to arrest my person , as they have attempted , if they wished to repeat at Paris the precedent of Rastadt , and to show that they did not respect , even at 1849 , the inviolability ofembassadors from hew formed states , being republics .

      " 2 . Neither my friends MM . Scliutz and Blind , nor myself , have had any share in giving to tho majority of the assembly the opportunity to gain tho victory over clear evidence and sound reason and to decree that henceforth tbe Art . 5 ofthe constitution ; ' Tlie French republic respects foreigh nationalities , as it understands how to make its own respected . It undertakes no wars with views of conquest , and never employs its forces against the liberties of any people '—does not exist , because after the 18 th June 2 A 2 = 5 . "We congratulate the government and

      the majority on their victory / unheard of since the time of Alexander the Great , who likewise severed the Gordian knot by brute force ; but we plead guilty only to the crime of foreseeing and ardently desiring with the whole of Europe the "defeat of these revolutionists against clear evidence , common sense , arid the rights of mankind-at . home and abroad . For my own humble person , I acknowledge the irresistible force of logic and matheiriatics , even in cases where the indignation and curse of the whole world does not operate in accord with this

      supreme power . " 3 . "We persist in believing that the arrest and detention of M . Blind , secretary to the embassy from Badori to ' the government of the republic , is a gross infraction of the law of nations , acknowledged ever since the famous congress at Rastadt , arid therefore of an earlier dJitc than the Ifiwof nations as acknowledged b y the French Constitution , Art . 5 . ' . ' - « Alfother statements , sir , Concerning bur persons , which are contradictory to these three p 03 i tioris ; are calurrinics or inventions , ; as for instance the discovery of papers disclosing a European conspiracy of the democratic party , whichi't am sorry to say , never existed , inventions which , conferring on us an undeserved honour , are equally repugnant to the feelings of men who respect theriiselves . " Sincerely attached to . the republic ,. sir ,. I ardently desire nothing so much as the . speedy victory of evidence , arid the complete restoration of common sense in its just right at Parish—I am , & c ., - '""« ARNOLD RUGE . "

      Incheasrso Trade Op- Tub Port Of ; Havre...

      IncHEAsrso Trade op- tub Port of Havre . —The increase of . trade and the growing iiriportarice of the ; Port of . Havre rimy be lnferreq- from the published Custom-house revenue returns of that port , which amounted , for the month of June this year , on imports , to 2 , 533 , 172 francs , against 1 , 115 , 694 francs for thesame month last year ; and on exports , to 22 , 930 franc ' s for the month of June this year , against 9 , 560 francs : for the same month last , year , showing an-increase of more than 100 per ' cent . in both-departments of the Customs revenue of the flourishing port of Havre . - ' . 1 - : - . A Correspondent oftheivW York Evening Post , writing from Rio Janeiro , says we can form no conception of the ugliness ofthe Brazilian women . He is ta-ed and sick of looking at them .

      Emaevtal #Aritammt

      Emaevtal # aritammt

      MONDAY , July 9 . - HOUSE OF LORDS . —Lord Brougham added two resolutions to those he had moved on the preceding Friday , on the subject of prison discipline , for the purpose of showing the necessity which existed for separate confinement in order to avoid contamination , and to shoi-ten imprisonment before trial by making more frequent gaol deliveries , which might he effected by the coimtv courts , the judges of which were perfectly competeiitto that duty . The various bills on the table were advanced a stage without debate , and their lordships adjourned , after a short siitingof three quarters of an hour . HOUSE OF COMMONS . —This House met at twelve o ' clock . Marriages ( Scotland ) Bill . —On the motion that this bill be read a third time

      , Mr , Mackenzie objected to the further progress of t ' .-. e bill at this period of the session , and moved to defer the third reading for three months . Mr . Elliot supported the bill . s' j" G . Clerk , who offered a qualified defence of the Scotch marriage law , opposed it on the ground that . it w-as repugnant to the feelings of the people of Scotland . The Lord Advocate explained the grounds upon Which thva bill , and the Registering Births , & c , Scotland ) Bill , which stood ' for committal , had baen introduced , with the view of importing more certainty into the law of marriage ; giving publicity to all marriage contracts , and putting astop to Gretnagreen marriages . Mr . M'Neill energetically opposed the further proceeding of a measureagainst which all the

      , boroughs in Scotland , containing one-third of the whole population of that country ) some of the counties , Md two general assemblies of the church had petitioned . For a period of three years attempts had been made to pass this and similar bills , and they ths'oudiout had been most strenuously opposed by the people of Scotland , arid now it was to be attempted to be thrust down their throats . = He . admitted that the measure contained some good points , but the evils so much predominated , as to justify his giving it his most strenuous opposition . \ A lengthened debate ensued , and at four-o ' clock the lIouse : divided , when the motion for a third reading of the hill on Monday next was carried by a majority of five only , the numbers being seventy-three to sixty-eight , a result which was received with loud cheers by . the opponents of the ' measure .

      Mr . Olaostone expressed a hope , after what was now seen to be the sense of a large portion of the House , and what was known as to the sense of the people of Scotland on the subject , that no further attempt wxuld be made to waste the time ofthe Ilonse by proceeding further with the measure . Lord J . Russell replied , that after what had taken place ,. lie would consider between then and Thursday what course to ; pursue . In tlie meantime , as the motion had been carried , perhaps there would be no objection to reading the bill a third time at once . ' This proposition was opposed by Mr . Mackenzie , Mr . Hume , and Lord Lincoln , when the debate was adjourned to Thursday . : . ^ The . House then temporarily adjourned , and resumed ai six o ' clock , when the Audit of Railway Ac counts Bill was brought from , the Lords and read a mst ' time . ...

      Burials in Towns . —Lord Ashley , in reply to Mr . ' Mackinnon , stated that there could be no doubt whatever that the ( iraveyards of the metropolis , and other large towns , were a dangerous evil , and often exercised a baneful effect upon those living near them . On Saturday morning , the Board of Health had received a report from Bristol fully bearing out tbatfact . - '" . '"' .. ailways Asn Distressed Unions ( Ireland . )—The House having resolved itself into committee , The CnANCELLoa of the Exchequer rose for the nuvposecf submitting a resolution , that 4 " 5 u 0 . 0 & 0 b-g anted to complete the line of railway between Dublin and Gal-way , the whole estimated expense of tlie line yet to be carried out from Athlone to Galway being £ 800 , 000 . ' He proposed that upon the sum ad vanced by government interest at three and a-half per cent , should be paid , r ? payment of tbe capital sum not tb commence , before tlie expiration often

      years , and then to be made by inslalments , the se isurity . for the loan being the whole line between Dublin and Galway . The money to be advanced in sums not exceeding £ 100 at a time , no new advance lobe made until it was shown that the previous advance had been fairly expended on the works . For eve y £ 100 , 000 advanced by government , the company would have . to advance £ 00 , 000 , and it was proposed i hat unless the line was completed within the stipulated period of two years , the government should take possession of the line and dispose of . it in the way deemed most expedient . He was happy in having it in his power to state that there is an increased ( lisposition-on the part of capitalists to invest money in the particular part of the country in question , and . it was only needed to aff / rd . such facilities as that now proposed for more ready access to the various portions of the district , and for bringing back the produce to the English markets , to increase this tendency in a greater de . aree . . -

      Mr . Fiiench , in a speech cf statistical details as to the cost and receipts of foreign and British railways , drew the attention of the House to tlie necessity of securing the completion of trunk lines throughout Ireland , butconcluded withoutsubmitting any amendment in furtherance of that more general object . After speeches from Mr . Goulbubn , Mr . Home , Mr . O . Goke , Mr . Roebuck , Mr . Newdeoate , Sir H W . Bakrox . Mr . O'Flaiierty , SnrT . D . Acland , an -lion . Member ,. Mr . Frewen , Sir L . O'lilUES , and Mr . H . IIerbsrv , the resolution was agreed to , as was also a second for the advance of £ 150 , 000 on account of distressed unions in Ireland .

      Poor Relief ( Iuelano ) Bill . —On the question tint this bill be read a third time , clauses were moved by Mr . J . O'Connell , Mr . G-rogan , Sir A . Buookb , " and Mr . * Napif . b , the discussions and divisions upon which occupied the remainder ofthe night . They were aU negatived , and on the question that the bill do pass , Mr . Stafford complained that the two first clauses of the bill did not bear out its title , tlieir object being not so much to amend the poor-law for Ireland as to introduce perfectly new principles , those of a maximum rate and the rate in aid . He thought thehon . member for Manchester ought to hnve attended during the passing of the bill , and that the righthon . baronet the member for Tamworth ought to have explained to the committee the details of his plan for regenerating Ireland , propounded earlier iu the session .

      Mr . Bkight replied that he had to plead guilty to the charge of being absent while the measure was under discussion , his chief reason for not desiring to . take part in the discussion being that after having sat on the committee up stairs he was as much in the dark on the subject , if not more in the dark than whfn the committee commenced its sittings . If , then , he had voted on the various clauses , he must have v < : ted in deference to authority on one side ot the House or . the other , and under these eircurastanc « s he had not meddled with the bill in the House . Had hebeen present ha should have voted with tho ? e who opposed the maximum rate . On the general quesMon . of the bill itself he was of opinion

      that this result would be nil , or next to nil , in Ireland . . Efforts : should be . made by the kvml ' ovd *< tf Ireland to withdraw from dependence on those who were employed , vast numbers of those who were unemployed ; . and- he looked to other measures which had passed , and were passing ,, as -infinitely more calculated to advantage Ireland , rather than the present bill . He should be glad to find himself mistaken , and if the bill made pauperism bearable by the complete emancipation of the soil , he should rejoice at that result , and should only vote for it because there seemed to be nothing better to propose as a substitute . . ; ,-.. . : : . The bill'then passed . - - '

      . The other-orders of the day were then disposed of .- ' Several new bills werebrought in , among which was one by . Sir W . Clay to amend the law for the registration of certain persons commonly known as " compound houst holders , "and to facilitate the exercise by such persons of tlieir right to vote in the election of borough members to serve in Parliament . The House adjourned at a quarter past one o ' clock . TUESDAY , July 10 . / HOUSE OF . LORDS . —River : Plate . —Lord Colchester askedtheMarquis of Lansdowne whether the negociations forthe pacification ofthe States on the River Plate were progressing ' towards a satisfactory result- ' , .-. j . - . " . „'_ . - . -: - - ' :. ¦ - ' ' : ¦ - i' 1 'he Marquis ; of Lansdowne expressed his confident hope that these negotiations were in- such a state as would lead toa speedy and satisfactory-settlement between Buenos Ayres and Monte Video .

      ; After some further- discussion , in which Lord Howdek arid the Earl of'Aberdeen tobkpart , the matter dropt . - " . - . ; ; , i i . ' -. i , " " > . ¦ v ' i > , r - ^ v ¦• • Some other business was : then disposed of , and their lordships adjourned .:: ' ''' - - '' . HOUSE OF COMMONS ; -Juvenile Criminals . —Mr . MiLNEs ' ealled the attention of the House to thcf treatment' arid ' condition ! ' of juvenile criminals , who were increasing in number ;^ every year . '; Means , he obsoped , ' had ; been taken to secure their summavy ; trial ; but , ' . after conviction , . they were no longer' treated as' ¦ children : they' were . associated

      with other criminals' and educated in criine . " ' , ' . ' , Parkhurst prison was . ' a-periiilischpol , iri . which . the reformatory- process- was forgotten ; and it was to , its penal character ho attributed the . unfitness of the Parkburst boys for independent , action arid for usefully Serving their couiitry . ; ' Suggesting Jan a ' sylurii fov criminal youth similar to . the . Philanthropic Institution , he sketched out a ; system of treatment , and . concluded by - pressing the , subject " . upon . tlie attention bf-tlie ' IIoirie SccrctaiT , ' in wkose hands he left ' it for the present , nominally moving for leave to prinjrinabi ]]/ - "'

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      Sir G . Grey admitted that much might be done with respect to juvenile criminals'which would be less practicable with hardened offenders ; aud that it was the duty of the legislature to keep the . reformatory principle in view . Iu every tys-tern of punishment two elements must unite , which were apt to be separated—namely , the deterring from crime , and the reformation o ' f the criminal . ' " i ' nrkhurst was a prison not a more school ; the two ( dements wore there combined , and tho ellueis h : !< l been satisfactory , and bad to a great CXteilf . I'Cii'k'ii its object . lie concurred in the encomium passed upon the Philanthropic Institution , and assured Mr . Milnes that the attention of the Governmeno had been directed to the subject ; he ' was ready to receive any proposition for the improvement of the existing system , but the question was a difficult one ; crime must not be made the means of invitimr to crime by placing a child in an enviable position .

      After some observations from Mr , Bankes , Sir J . Pakinoton , and _ Mr . Henley , who urged Mr . Milnes to lay a bill upon this subject on the table , that gentleman undertook to do so before the session closed . Irish Church . —Mr . Osborne then moved for a committee of the whole House to consider tlie present state ofthe temporalities of the Church of Ireland . He began by accusing the Ministers of deserting a subject which whilst in . " opimsitio : / was their slogan , or war-cry ; insisting upcui its magnitude , and . ' challenging any member to assert- that if legislation upon thissubjectwereeomnieiieod ( know , funds originally provided by the ancestors \ . f tho poor Catholic clergy would be bestowed upon file rich Protestant minority . Resorting to the ' sac-ivd

      pages of Hansard , he traced the history of the appropriation clause , and dragged " . to light many declarations of hostility by the " pres- ' -nt First Minister of the Crown and his colleagues against the Irish Church , which they had , before 1846 , characterised as the great grievance of Ireland , and the root of all the < iiscoutent in that country . Having thus , as he said , investigated tin .-birth , parentage , and abandonment of the Irish Church question , he went back to the history of the Irish' Church itself , denouncing the persecuting spirit and injustice of the legislation by which it was fenced : and , contiasting Ireland with Scotland , lie asked whether we were not paying too high a pi ice for Protestant ascendency in the former . Adopting the definition of a church establishment Igiven by

      the present Bishop ot London , he ' denied ' : that that of Ireland improved the spiritual and moral condition of the people , and as to its being a missions y church , he showed that the proportion of the Caihulic to the Protestant population had increased ; at the same time . ha condemned the manner in -vhich the Irish Society had employed the famine as an engine of conversation . He then expatiated upon the enormous endowments of the Irish Church , and the vast sums advanced si . \ ce the Union— £ 080 , 000 a year being appropriated U > it for 800 , 000 Protestants , whilst 7 , 000 , 000 Catholics had nothing at all . lie maintained , in defiance of the

      doctrine of the sacredness of Irish Church property , that there was no analogy between corporate and private property , and he appealed to a dictum of Lord Brougham , and to various acts of the Legislature recognising a distinction between Church property and private property . Mr . ' Osborne-declt summirily with two remaining objections to .. Interference with the temporalities of the Irish Churchnamely , that it contravened the fifth article of iho Union , and that we wiu - e iu exclusive possession of rc ^ ious truths ; and he concluded with a concise devclopement of the plan he intended to propose in the committee . .

      Mr . Moore supported the motion , contending that tbe Protestant Church of Ireland , which was a part , but a diseased and rotten part , of the-Church of England , had not fulfilled the great purposes of its mission , and . that the legislature , in dealing with its property , would violate no private rights ; lie repeated at much length , and fortified with additional facts , the arguments of the mover . Sir G . Grey said , that looking at all tho circumstances under which this motion had been brought forward , to its practical effects , and to the object Mr . Osborne had in view ,. he was not prepared to go into committee to consider his plan , and therefore felt justified in voting against his motion , which dl ' eiv d not the slightest approximation to a remedy , which all desired , for the social evils of Ireland ; <; n tlie

      contrary , it would tend to revive ant ' exasperate dormant political disagreements . He also defended himself from tho charge of inconsistency ; he had not changed his opinion upon this question , though he might have expressed that opinion in l anguage too strong ; he still thought an exclusive Pro testent Church establishment in Ireland anomalous and unjustifiable on principle . But Mr . Osburne ' s plan did not touch ' that grievance ; hoproi-osed to reduce the number of bishops from ten t . > five , but did he propose any endowment ofthe Roman Catholic clergy ? , The government had not abandoned that object ; but the great barrier was not merely the repugnance ofthe people of England and Scotland , but the avowed and pertinacious oppositiou ofthe Roman Cathblic . hierarchy to every scheme by which their Church could be endowed . He did not concur in the bread dictum ' of Lord Brougham ( if his lordship ever gave such an opinion ) , that the property of th : Irish

      Church and the pay of the army stood upon the same footing ; but he did recognise a distinction between church property aud private prop rty , and parliament had exercised the right of dealing with the forme . lie agreed with Mr . Osborne that no one would pioposc such an establishment as the Irish' Church de novo ; but there was . a great difference between the original establishment of such an institution and dealing with an institution which had exirted for centuries . He should , -however , leave the defence of the IrishChurch to those who could base its defence upon grounds he could not consistently maintain ; and , looking at this motion as meant to be an instalment towards the total abolition of tbe Irish Church , he should meet it with a negative . Mr . Roche , in supporting the motion , observed that Sir G . Grey had abandoned the Irish Church , and had not vindicated hits own consistency ; and he contended that that establishment was upheld for purposes of patronage , not of religion .

      Mr . ( x . Hamilton , though he could not express his satisfaction at the speech of Sir G . Grey , rejoiced at his determination to meet with a direct negative a motion which was calculated to renew those acrimonious religious dissensions in Ireland which had subsided ; Mr , Hamilton then entered upon a very full defence of the Irish . Church , in the course of which ho showed the pluralities which had been reduced ; that the property of tbe Church , if . divided amongst tlie clergy generally , would give only £ 141 to each ; that by the abolition of all benefices in which there were no Protestants only . £ 1 , 235 would be saved ; and he accused the statements of the mover generally of exaggeration . Mr . 'Hume expressed his gratification at the convincing speech of Mr . Osborne , with which neither Mr . Hamilton nor Sir George Grey hud grappled . It was not so much the wealth ofthe Irish Church that was complained of , as tho degradation to the majority of a nation , of being compelled to contribute to a church alien to their nature .

      Mr . "Wood should vote fov the committee simply because it was a serious question what was to bo done with reference to the drove "? , of one-eighth of the population of Ireland—a question which ought not to bo delayed . The Established Church in that country had never been , and could not be , a national church ; it had only been the church of the Pale , and it had egregiously failed as a missionary church . At' the same tune ho' differed from the scheme of Mr . Osborne , whoso motion aimed at a total abolitlcn of the Irish . Church . ' -. Mr . Napier vindicated the title of the Irish Church to its property , as the legitimate successor

      of the early Church of Ireland . The State had no claim to . that property , which had boon the subject of no act of . ' Parliament ; tho Roman Catholics of Ireland avowed that they did not want property , and no one had shown that the Irish Church had too much for itspurposes . : Mr . M . J . O'Co . nxell , though he _ voted for . tho motion , should not support a proposition for taking away the property of the Established Church ol Ireland ; a reasonable and respectable provision . for the working clergy ought to be retained ; but . there were anomalies m the distribution of Church property and other incidents which imperatively called for an alteration of the present system .

      Mr . ItEYXOLns made a rather diverting speech in favour of tho motion ; and after a few . words from Major Beresford and Mr ., John O'Conxhm-, and a short reply from Mr . Osborne , the House divided , when the motion was negatived by 170 against . 103 . : ' Mines . and , Collieries ; -IxsmoriOK , Bir . ' ii . —Mr . Wym >; moved the : second reading of this bill . ; The right lion , gentleman ( Sir G .. Grey ) had , on . a former occasion ,, conceded the principle , of inspec tlon , and ' . hb was therefore . astonished to hoar him say in the 'early ' part "' of thc . evcning that he would oppose this bill , which embraced , the principle of inspection . Year aftpryear colliery explosions were taking place , . and . lives sacrificed , and ! this year more than 35 per cent , of life bad been lost over any that had preceded ; it . \; ( Hear , ' hear . ) -, "' . '

      : Sir . G . GBEY understood , . from , what-passed .- the other ( lay , that it , was the opinion of the - House . that ii . would be ; inexpedient : to go . on with any ; measure during , the ; present . session ., ( Hear . ) -ilt -would . ; be riiuCb . iiioreicbnvenient to wait ; till the committee of the : lords , now sitting , reported , and i till the . inspectibn ; ofi the principal , ' coal . districts ofEriglarid ; now going , on ; - > vas finished ; before legislation-was attempted . ;) ( Hear ,, hear . ); He must sayy ; he ; was not . prepared , to appoint ia head inspector in London andjtwelye . inspectors throughout the country , arid to Compel the-masters not only to pay the expense of th ^ fliachinery of the : bill , but to send in plans andjsections , of , their works ; to the chief office in London . ; rHe . was not prepared to agree to such a riieasuro ' as ithepresent ,. and , therefore , must oppose thesecond ' readirig .-i ! - - - . I ¦ - '"¦; ¦ ,:

      Mr . AOLIONUY : was in favour Of the second reading of the "bill . :,,. , Mr . ItenjfAi had understood that- the lion , member

      Emaevtal #Aritammt

      ioivFinshui-j- hud heen content to leave tho question ill the li . unl .-j ot the government , ' and ho ( Mr . Bornal ) saw no wso . \ n the hon . member for Bodmin pressing the second reading of tho bill . Mr . Wylh considered tho inspection which the right bun . gentleman had appointed was worse than unless . 1 ho two gentlemen whom ho had nominated were no doubt men of great geological ability nut their knowledge was merely theoretical and conr . nodto rha strata of tho earth , and was not of a I H'iioticiil nature . The . importance of the subject could not be denied . The risk of the loss of life to whieli the working men in mines were exposed was iiinch ' greatorthan that which . the soldier ran when engaged in the battle field , ov when mounting a battery ; ami not being satisfied with the course which'the right hon . gentleman had taken , he should certainlv divide the Ilonse .

      Strangers were ordered to withdraw , but the bill was finally negatived without a division . The other orders and motions having been disposed of , tho House adjourned at half-past ono o ' clock .

      WEDNESDAY , July 11 . HOUSE OF COMMONS .-Tlie House met at 12 o ' coeli . Duhatiox ov Parliaments Bili .. —Mr . D'Eyncouiit moved the second reading of this bill , Mr . S . A . u . \ i « saldtbat ho saw no objection to thO House affirming the principle of the measure , which wculd have the eftVct of shortening the duration of parliament .- ; . It would introduce no novelty , but would simply be a reverting back to the old state of tht : constitiiti . il previous to the passing of the Septennial Act . lie trusted that in tho course of the next session s-. inie measures would be introduced for

      a greater exuu . sion of the political rights of the people ofbuth England and Ireland . Upon the present occasion he hoped that the government would not meet the bill by a direct negative , but that , notwithstanding ihe late period of the session , and the difficulty o £ carrying the measure successfully through both IbmsKx , they would consent to affirm the principle o £ the bill on its second reading . Sir U . Grry s » id that he did not consider that there was any feeling of dissatisfaction existing throughout the country with respect to tho duration of parli- 'inent . The speech of his nohle friend at the head of the Government , when this subject was before Hie House , had not yet been answered by any honourable member , and he considered the arguments then used as contfusive against the bill . "With respect io ths bill itself , he thought it would have

      been desirable U > have slated the term to which it was proposed to reduce tho duration of parliament . If it were proposed to reduce it to five years , he thought ' that that practically would be no reduction of the present duration of Parliament , for , upon an average , the last six parliaments had not sat so long a period as that . A reduction to three years would , he thought , on the other hand , be attended with the greatest po-sible inconvenience , on account of the admission of new members , who would naturally be unaccustomed to the routine of public business . He considered thai public opinion was most beneficially exercised over honourable mambers under the present duration of parliaments , and trusted that the House would not " consent to the further progress of the bill . The right honourable baronet concluded by moving that the bill be read a second time that day three

      monihs-Mr . Gibson thought that a sufficient answer was to be found to the speech of the noble lord at the head of the government in the division which took place immudittte !) ' af ; cr its delivery , when , notwithstanding the arguments of the noble lord , the House decided by a majority that the biil should be brought in . The House having so-decided , and the bill being then before them , he thought hon . members would riot h : treating tlie proceedings of this House with respect if they , declined calmly to discuss the bill witn a due reference to its importance . ( Hear . ) The division upon the motion for leave to bring in the bill was not , as had been said , a mere accident . It arose from the fact of many hon . members being reluctant to record the . iv deliberate votes against the extension

      of popular right ? . Willi respeet to the bill itself , he believed that a shortening of the duration of Parliaments would be a very wholesome check upon the proceedings of members of that House . There were far stronger reasons in the present day for shortening the duration of Parliament * than existed in former time ? , owing to the great increase ' ofthe power of the executive government and the extensive patronage vested in them . A great portion of that power was of comparatively recent growth , and afforded the government the means , by giving them a pull at the treasury , of corrupting and influencing boa , members to an enormous extent ; and unless ihey were prepared to consider members of Pari ! tiueist as angels of purity , and exempt from the

      infirmities of ens ? rest of mankind , common sense would tell them tha ; there ought "to be frequent appeals to tiie people on the part of members of Parliament , in order to enable them to express their opinions upon the discharge of the legislative duties of their representatives . The system of giving ' pledges on the hustings , which was somewhat hnmiliatiug to the candidate " , was one which had its source in the present long duration of Parliaments ; for it was only to be expected , while the government possessed so large an amount of corruption and influence in their hands , and the member , when once elected , licit ) his seat for so long a period , that this system of pledging would be required by the great body of the electors . The present bili simplv proposed to repeal the

      Septennial Act , By passing it , they would at once come under the operation of the Triennial Act . It was really the ea-i ? st bill to pass that had ever been brought iuto that Ilouss , and was just adapted to the present late penod of tbe session . ( Hear . ) The rea-ons for passing the Septennial Act had now passed away , and there was no reason on earth why they should not return to tlw system of Triennial Parliaments . ( Hear , hear . ) He cautioned hon . members opposite not to make inconsiderate pledges on the subject of reforms of this nature , By making pledges of that kind with respect to the corn laws , they had complettly broken up the great i . ' o-sei-v . ttive party of this country . These reform questions were now beginning to assume the

      character which tne repeal of the corn laws had assumed ; they were gradually fermenting throughout the country ; and Lite moment hon . members opposite resumed p- 'wer . in this country , that moment these reform questions would present themselves to them in rather a formidable aspect . There was no doubt but that in course of time the great Conservative party would be called upon to take tho reins of power in this country ; aud he cautioned them not to come into power pledged against all reforms with respect to the constiiu . ion of that House ; if they did so , they mi ^ ht depend upon it there would inevitably be some great quarrel and split among them similar to that -wh : ch took place on the question of the repeal of the corn laws . It wm not to be supposed that in a progressive country like England , the great question of the representation of the people could be considered as finally settled . Under these circumstances he

      should tiivc his most cordhl support to the second reading of the bill . ( Hear , hear . ) Mr . fjiniXAi protested against the m inner in which the right hon . gentleman attempted to bring the members ol that Housn into contempt with the people " , by imputing to t '; ein that they regulated their conduct with rtiVrenceto the distribution of Treasury patronage He denied most emphatically that there was any jus -, ice in this charge . As to the propo ition for triennial parliaments , it was a proposition to whicli he had always been favourable , and which lie . would inns' ; readily support when it was accompanied by other measures of a practical nature , such as the ballot and an extension of the suffrage , tending , not oiilv to cleanse out what had been termed the Augean stable of that House , but to purify the constituencies out of do'ii-.-i , and , among other reforms , to free them from those temptations to which at every election they were notv subjected .

      Mr . Humk observed thnt there was much that was true in what had . 'alien from his hon . friend who had just sat down ; -but he could have wished that his lv n . friend the membey lev * D ttvnvpwt hat " been iu his place , or some former Secretary of the Treasury , as he did not t ' mvk . that his hon . friend was quite wise in making the general denial which he had offered to the corrupting infliuuce of the Treasury . Considering what they all knew , he thought that his hon . friend had laid down too broad a general rule respecting the conduct of members of Parliament . 11 is hon . friend had said that shortening the duration of Parliaments alone would not do , and that means ou « ht to be taken to improve the constituencies His hon . friend was surely aware that various means

      had been proposed for that purpose . It had been proposed to increase the number of electors , to introduce vote by ballot , and to shorten the duration o £ Parliaments . ' But when he ( Mr . Hume ) proposed these three measures , he did not succeed ' . in , getting ¦ the ; vote of his hon , friend . ( Hear , hear . ) One gentleman might say that he would vote for extension , of the suffrage ,. but not . for tho ballot '; another would vote for the ballot , but not fori an extension of the suffrage ; while a a third would be favourable to quadrennial , but not to triennial Parliaments . He believed that ; this was alia pretence , and that they were only desirous of evading the question altogether . If a cumulative motion were tried , they were told by his honourable friend , that they were attempting too much ; if a single motion was brought forward . 'thcy were told thafit was not enough ; He . begged to appeal to herMaiesty's government , who had professed

      themselves advocates of progressive relorms . For ; the last two years , however , they had been standing still , ' and had made no effort to cany reform further than it had been carried in 1832 . He must say that he could not , consistently with his views , continue to support a government whicli refused all kinds of reform .:- ( Hear , " hear . ) They would be much better off with any othev government ; because then they would have a regular opposition to demand such measures as the country required ;; but at , present the friends of reform were ' supp orting the hon-rcforming party . ( Hear , hear . ) The- . " ^ " | 5 W ' ' ' "" ^ *• - lord ( Lord J . Russell ) , whoso absence ho ^ P ^ f fS ^ f-i ^ - , \ fe had said that it was desirable io extend « sfe ^ ,. - rtf-g { Hto ^ / - " ^ £ l *» 4 ill I 7 ji- "' * " ' I' 1 *"„

  • Citation
    • Northern Star (1837-1852), July 14, 1849, page 7, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse.ac.uk/periodicals/ns/issues/ns2_14071849/page/7/