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February 15, 1851. THE NORTHERN-STAR, y ...
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ISocttg
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THE VOICE AND THE PES.. BE B. F. Sl'CAKT...
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SittUeUK.
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A Transport Voyage to the Mauritius and ...
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Travels in My Garden.. By Axphonse Kabr....
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Lives and Anecdotes of Misers; or the Pa...
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ww — • THE GREAT EXHIBITION OF 1851. ADM...
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THE ' SAILORS' STRIDE. Snnans, SAiunnAT....
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St. Babtholombw's Mbwcwb Chesiv—Between ...
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'tfarittie*.
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Why is an umbrella like a Scotch shower?...
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Transcript
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Note: This text has been automatically extracted via Optical Character Recognition (OCR) software. The text has not been manually corrected and should not be relied on to be an accurate representation of the item.
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February 15, 1851. The Northern-Star, Y ...
February 15 , 1851 . THE NORTHERN-STAR , y - . " ' - - ' " ' ' "" ' '" '• - - 3
Isocttg
ISocttg
The Voice And The Pes.. Be B. F. Sl'cakt...
THE VOICE AND THE PES . . BE B . F . Sl ' CAKTHY . Oh I the orator ' s Toice is a mighty power , js it echoes from shore to shore ; _ And tbe fearless pen hath more sway o'er men , Than tbe murderous cannon ' s roar ! vjhat bursts the chains far o ' er the main , And brightens the captive's den ? 'lis the fearless pen and the voice of power . I lnrrah ! : for the voice and pen ! Hurrah ! Hurrah ! for the voice and pen !
The tyrant knaves who deny man ' s rights , And the cowards who blanch with fear , Exc laim with glefr- " No arms have ye , Sor cannon , sword , nor spear ! Your hills are ours , with our forts and towers TSe axe masters of mount and glen I " Tvrants bewareI for the awns we bear Are the voice and the fearless pen ! . Hurrah ! Hurrah ! for the voice and pen ! Thoug h your horsemen stand with their bridle in hand ,
And your sentinels walked around ; Though your matches flare in the midnight air , And your brazen trumpets sonnd ; : oh ! the orator ' s tongue should he heard among These listening warrior men ; And they'll quickly say— " " Why should we slay Our friends of the voxe and pen ?" Hurrah ! Ilnrrah ! for the ' voice and pen ! 'When the Lord created the earth and sea , The stars and the glorious snn , The Godhead spoke , and the universe woke ! And the mighty work was done ! Let a word be'Snng from the orator ' s tongue , Or a drop from the fearless pen , And the chains accursed , asunder burst That fettered the minds of men ! Hurrah ! Hurrah ! for the voice and pen !
Oh I these are the sword ' s with which we fight , The arms in which we trust . Which no tyrant hand will dare to brand ; Which time cannot dim or rost ! "When these we bore , we triumphed before . With these-we'll triumph again ! And the world will say no power can stay The voice and the fearless pen ! Hurrah ! Hurrah i for the voice and pen t
Sittueuk.
SittUeUK .
A Transport Voyage To The Mauritius And ...
A Transport Voyage to the Mauritius and Back ; touching at the Cape of Good Hope and St . Helena . By the Author of Paddiana . Murray . It is p leasant to get a peep at foreign land and characters in the company of so lively and entertaining a -writer as tho author of Paddiana . The basis of the present volume is a voyage he made a few years ago from Cork to the Mauritius , with a detachment of his
regiment ; a sojourn at Mauritius , with descriptions of the Ufe and character of its inhabitants , and their call made on there turn home at Algoa Bay , the Cape , and St . Helena . It certainly cannot be said , with any degree of truth , that either of these names promises much of novelty to those accustomed to dip into contemporary literature ; and yet , the author , b y dint of good animal spirits , quick perception , and lively descriptive talent , has contrived to construct an exceedingly piquant and readable volume .
Many persons know the Mauritius , we dare say , principally as a place from which England draws a portion of the sugar it consumes . A glimpse at the island , its modes of life , and some of its peculiar inconveniences , may , therefore , neither be uninstructive or uninteresting ., ; After having said a word or two concerning Port Louis and the graves of Paul and Virginia , —oar voyager describes a day in tbe island : —
I was invited to pass a few daysTsith an English family , residing about seven miles from Port Louis , the master , by the way , being one of the most extensive slave-owners ^ of the island , his stock consisting of upwards oi five hundred indivi duals . Mounting a sorry hack , provided hy Monsieur Jolly , at gun-foe in tbe morning , I rambled ont of town round the foot of the Morne Fortune in company with a black acting as guide and horsekeeper , and carrying my effects upon bis head in a large tin-box , the universal substitute for portmanteau or carpet-bag , as both water and insectproof . My sable friend had provided himself with a sugar-cane , about fire feet long , which he used
as a walking stick , and at the same tune gradually chewed up as he went along . This practice has its advantage , as well in its refreshing effects upon the eater as affording an index to an observant eye of the distance traversed , and how much of the journey remained , by the length of the uneaten ¦ tick . A ludicrous figure my friend made at first as I pushed him a little np the hill , eating up the stick and balancing the tin as he shuffled along , and encouraging himself with the short exclamation , " iek , ick , ' used by all the black men when engaged in hard work , yfe ascended nearly tbe ' whole nay into a delightful temperature , though tiecountry did not improve in picturesque beauty .
"We arrived in time to partake of a sumptuous breakfast , in which curries and other spiced dishes held a prominent place , inflaming the blood at the very time it should have been the study of every one * to keep it cool , and inducing a thirst to be elated at tiffin by copious draughts of wine and water , or beer , keeping up the fever till dinnertime . After breakfast most of the men walked about tbe ground carrying umbrellas . Amongst the trees la the g-irden were the India-rubber , the tea , & c ., and the enterprising proprietor had attempted to get up a peachery , by planting the trees ( all standards ) in a grove of large trees , so as to ensure their being shaded from the intense
glare tf the sun . \ Apples and figs were also tried , but it was understood that these as well as the peaches were a failure . The most acceptable present that can be made in the Mauritius is . a plateful of apples , which are brought with great care from the Cape , at which place the pines of the Mauritius are a very acceptable return . An excellent dinner by lamplight , kept up with plenty of wine till rather a late bom-, completed the fever of the day , and this was ttut diminished by having soon after dark a large iron frame on the lawn filled with chips , which
were lighted into a blazing fire to attract the mosquitoes , flying bugs , Ac , from the house . At night the guests retired to their separate pavilions , like Email summer-houses scattered about the ground , and forming , from being open nearly all round , cool and agreeable bedrooms . In the course of our evening walk the worthy proprietor encouraged us to pick oar own souchong from one of the tea-trees , and the strong infusion was brought in after dinner . It differed little from tea made of the dried China leaves , excepting an aromatic flaroor acquired from the peculiar scent of the earth in this island . "
The island is subject to all kinds of insect flagues , of which the white ants are by no means the least formidable and destructive : — It is curious to watch the progress of the white ** ts , even without seeing tfcem . A something like jh e end of a small walking-stick is thrust up through wenoor against the wall . Gradually it rues higher and higher , as if a stem of ivy , without leaves or branches , were crawling up your wall . It is a Wn of wheel or arched passage , advancing upwards without any perceptible agency . Suddenly , « branch-hue is thrown out from the main trunk , kring an eye perhaps to the contents of the coruer ^ pboard . Curious to know what is the moving
flmci pie of this singular intruder , you break ihroD ^ i , the thin brown-paper-like crust of tbe tun-Q and find it filled with a hurrying crowd of * toiJ-irown insects , some with wings , some with-** t , all intent upon the extension of tbe line , ¦ ^ red at the cei'ing , it goes right through plauk £ warn that may stand in its way , or , should the Queers so wilt it , take a short cut through the P ^' into the next apartment In the Isle of jrance t ^ nsuatty j , ^ fa ^ a nests in trees . It ' osa like a huge excrescence upon the trunk , and j * er ? branch of that tree , as well as the trunk , y Maco » ercd way along it , so that , although niiltTAi 0 j ! , y be engaged Si bringing to the nest the l ™ - " ^ of the tree or the earth beneath , yet not 0
j "?]? insect is seen about the place . It is this j r *® " » Bring jn the dark which gives them such Y ** and unSB nned complexion . " * W disagreeable intruders are hinted at , ^ otn ^* k ^ aMy , though we dare say it * nn tt 0 j « ke to have their company forced ja oce . After trying in vain to banish Mten ? rpions " ^ Js the author , "Igaveupthe in ah ' ' ^ erevjas always one , and no more , ¦ y * , P ° f manuscript- music in a coraer . *' co ^ ? after such a chronicle of lodgers , our tho ii tol * risfc , on leaving the island , strikes ^^ ceMfoiiowi- . . /; :. ; ,. ; ' ; . . :.. llttL ^ r 1 think , can leave- ihe . Msuritius without * •• « the language of Theodore Hook , "it is
A Transport Voyage To The Mauritius And ...
a paradise , and not without houris . " The economist , however , ia prone to grumble at paying ighteenpence a pound for his meat , five shillings a pound for his fresh butter , and twice as much for clothes as he' does in England ; hot blS green teathe only kind used-is about two shillings a pound , his sugar the merest trifle , pines a penny each , and other tropical fruits equally reasonable ; fish abundant ; beef pretty good , equal , perhaps , to that on the Continent of Europe generally ; poultry excellent and reasonable : vegetables good , but dear ;
sheep-mutton not to' he procured , the substitute being supplied by that useful animal , the goat , who also furnishes the milk and *' lamb ; " and good Irish salt butter renders you independent of the inaccessible luxury of fresh .. A lady of " preserving " habits may here find abundant cheap occupation , from tbe cheapness of fruit , sugar , and brandy ; accordingly , mango and goava jelly , and pines , figure much in the consignment * to friends at home . That excellent fruit the "lechee , " though abundant in the market , I believe is not indigenous .
A glance at the " Royalty ?' . of the island discloses its "Young Hopeful" . in the certainly useful occupation of a tailor , and remembering that Eve ' s fig leaf apron was the first commencement of that kind of civilisation which followed the knowledge of good and evil , it certainly does credit to tbe sagacity of King Badama that he began at the beginning . He showed a great deal more sense than many of his European " royal ' brethren . The incapacity of therace . is , however , testified to by the failure of his son and heir to master the " art and mystery' * of making pantaloons and jackets ; so that here also we must strike a balance : — '
That enlightened savage ,. King Radama , of Madagascar , encouraged the intercourse of his subjects with Europeans , aud especially with his neighbours of the Isle of France . He even sent forth his son—like another Peter—to learn the arts of life , and at Port Louis he made bis first experiment . The intelligent reader will be anxious to learn which of the sciences had the honour to take off the edge of his maiden wit . He eschewed altogether the road chosen by his royal prototype above mentioned , as regards shipbuilding , though not disinclined to imitate him , it is said ; in the "hot pepper and brandy . ' ' . Monarchs may be supposed the best judges of the requirements of their subjects ; what ships were to the Russian ,
pantaloons were to the Malgache . His Majesty not unnaturally thought that the first step towards civilizing a naked people was to clothe them ,-so he bound the young prince apprentice to Monsieur Jolly , the tailor . His Royal Highness at first showed some aptitude for the business , and plied diligently enough the goose aud shears , but he soon fell off into dissipated habits , till in a few months they found it expedient to send him back to court , he being pronounced totally unfit for the shopboard . * * Radama was passionately fond of music—as indeed appear to be most of his countrymen—and sent over twelve boys to form a band , under tbe instruction of the band-master of the 82 nd regiment , who received £ 200 a-year for the undertaking . They attained considerable
proficiency , when they were summoned . to their own country to play the chefs d ? attires of Mozart and Rossini in the forests of Madagascar . We may imagire the astonishment of a traveller at being welcomed at a native court , in an almost unknown country , by a , band of half-naked savages , with some familiar overture , executed with the precision of a London or Paris orchestra . This great aptitude for music may be witnessed at all hours in the streets of Port Louis , where the airs played by the military band are taken up and whistled with extraordinary taste and accuracy by all the little black boys' of the place . The regiment to which I had the honour of belonging was received with screams of delight on landing , from tbo number of black drummers kept up in that distinguished corps .
In attempting to being np his son to the tailoring , his Majesty certainly showed a great deal more sense than we do in sending ont missionaries to fill the heads of savages with incomprehensible theological dogmas and mysteries . Here is a sketch of a native convert at Algoa Bay : — Anything more dreary and uncomfortable than a converted savage I have never seen in the form of humanity . He has discarded all spirit and picturesqueness with his kaross , and set up cant and the narrowest bigotry with his higblows . We had a precious specimen at Mrs , Hunt ' s : a young man of » sepia colour , superior to the Hottentot as touching his tint , though on a level with
him as touching his nastiness . He had not arrived at the bighlow state ; but , having been the servant of some good man about the hay , had imbibed an inveterate taste for psalmody . Sitting the livelong day propped against the shady , side of a wall , he poured forth with endless iteration his one hymn , of which every part was unintelligible but the concluding words of each verse" Be sufferings off de Laaambe . " From morn till noon , from noon till dewy eve , unless specially employed elsewhere , which happened rarely , did he drawl out this deplorable ditty . He attached ho meaning to the words , and knew no
more about the Lamb or his sufferings than one of the lower animals . To read , write , or attend to any serious business within hearing of such a nuisance , was impossible ; accordingly he became a butt for the missiles of those engaged in more profane occupations : apples , potatoes , segments of pumpkins , were hurled at him , with an occasional handful of wet clay from the well , where the serving-man Ben was pursumg . his subterranean work , This functionary had attempted to get up a counter-irritation by instructing one of the Hottentots in a melody of a totally different character ; one verse of which ran thus" Father was a Mantatee ,
Mother was a Fmgoe , Sister was a shocking B ., And I ' m a rogue , by Jingo , " to the tune of Yankee Doodle : but the unwearied persistency of the sacred songster drove all secular opposition out of the field . We conclude with a capital story of Major Holder and his hats—the subject , an Indian officer , on leave of absence at the Cape , and an inmate of the same boarding-house as the writer : —
The most singular" character which Cape Town presented was a Major Holder , of the Bombay Army . In dress he was entirely unique . He wore invariably a short red shell-jacket , thrown open , with a white waistcoat , and short but large white trousers , cotton stockings , and shoes ; on his head a cocked-hat , with an upright red and white feather , the whole surmounted by a green- silk Umbrella , held painfully aloft to clear the feather ; to this may be added a shirt collar which acted almost as a pair of blinkers < m either side . In person he was ample , but somewhat shapeless ; and he had a vast oblong face , which neither laughed nor showed any sign of animation whatever .
The history of the Major s cocked-hat was as follows . Strolling into an auction at Bombay , he was rather taken with the reasonable price of a cocked-hat , which the flippant auctioneer was recommending with all his ingenuity . " Going for six rupees—must be sold to pay the creditors . No advance upon six ? Shall we say siccas ? " In an evil hour the Major bid for the hat , left his address , and returned to his quarters , the happy possessor of a " bargain . " Seated at breakfast tbe next morning , a procession is observed approaching the bouse ; four men carrying a large packing-case slung to a pole , and headed by a half-caste , with a small paper in his hand . . .
"Major Holder , sar , brought you the cockedhats , sar ; all sound and good , sar ; wish live long to wear out , sar . Here leel' bill , which feel obleege yott pay , sar . " Whereupon he puts into the hands of the astounded commander a document headed , "Major Thomas Holder , of H . E . I . C . 's Regt . Dr . to estate of and Co ., bankrupts , for seventy-two cocked-hats , purchased at auction , & C &( 5 & C It was ' in vain that the Major remonstrated after he understood the predicament in which he was placed ; in vain he appealed to the auctioneer—to the company present ; it was too good a joke , and they would have given it against him under almost any circumstances .
Major Holder was a rigid economist ; he had also a mind which admitted but one idea at a time , and , indeed , not very often that . He was possessed of six dozen of cocked-hats , and they must be worn out . Being mostly iu command of his own regiment , he had unlimited choice as to his own headdress ; so he commenced the task at once . From thenceforward all other hats or caps were to him matters of history . At the economical rate of two hats a year , he might safely calculate upon being much advanced in life before the case was exhausted . True , there were drawbacks : he was fflUCh Consulted about auctions by Ms friends ,-many inquiries made of hun on that point ; bills of auctions , and especially anything relating to cockedhats forwarded to him by the kind attention of acquaintance ; and a question very currently put to him by the ens ^ ns was , " Tom , how are you off for hats ! " t
.. _ - _ ,. „_ - : ; ,. , The interest generally taken iu the Major ' s hats was far from dying , even after the lapse of years : SleS 5 y tolo so , indeed , from thecircum-Sf of th ' eir ^ ^ XSfigZi " Such a one got leave-ro Tom s tourmwtr - or "I hope to be off before Tom change s his-hat ; .: . or riffikeybu a bet that Jack ' s married . befqre
A Transport Voyage To The Mauritius And ...
understood to be in his fifteenth hat ; but ' there occurred some confusion in the Major ' s chronology ; for it was understood that .- owing to the practical jokes played there , ; no less ¦ than three hats were expended 'during the short . month of his stay . . To correct this , he adopted the plan of sitting upon his hat at dinner ; but' as he wore no tails to his jacket , and left the feather protruding behind , it had , to a stranger ,, the-appearance of being a natural appendage te his person .
Travels In My Garden.. By Axphonse Kabr....
Travels in My Garden .. By Axphonse Kabr . , Illustrated .. Paris : Curaer . Thekb are few more agreeable companions round a garden or elsewhere than M . Karr . In a series of letters to a mere adventurous friend , who has extended his warnings to distant lands , the author describes all that he sees and observes during his journeys among the flowers , birds , and insects , of his garden , and comes to the conclusion—in which every reader of his book will be disposed to join—that the powers of observation and enjoyment which the traveller carries with him , and not the number of miles traversed and discomforts endured , constitute the pleasure of travelling . A spiderio themidst of its : web , the hum ot flower
a bee , or the sig ht of the commonest , serves as a pretext for a chapter in which instruction is often' conveyed in the shape of amusement . There is a mixture of the Frenchman and the German in M . Karr , observable in this work . He loves bis birds and his flowers , and writes of them as a German might do , and in the next page he satirises men and manners with all the caustic wit of a Frenchman . The result is , ayolii ' me , half botanical and half metaphysical—a mixture of the ideal and the positive— -which effectually prevents . weariness on the part of the reader . As a specimen of the abstract thinking , we give an attack on property , which may throw a new light npon the subject , even to old Socialists : —
Ask tbe first man you meet , provided he be of this part of the country , 'to whom that large acacia belongs ? He will answer at once—That acacia belongs to Mr . Stephen . And so it does , for I have regular deeds to testify that the acacia belongs to me . What a bitter sarcasm ! The tree is more than a hundred years old , and has preserved all the vigour of youth ; I am thirty-six ; I have already begun to die , Lhave lost two teeth , and I cannot sit up late without fatigue . The tree has seen three generations live and die beneath its shade ; if I live to be very old , if I escape sickness and ill health , if I die by dint of living , I shall perhaps see ifc in flower thirty times more—and then ; some of those children who . are . playing marbles
now , and whom we are teaching Latin against their will , those children for whom we spread bread and butter , and who will be men then , ' will put me by in a deal box , and pack me alongside of the others below the earth , so as to have ! more room above , until another generation whom they will have brought up for tbe purpose will pack them away in their turn in similar boxes , and lay them beside us . And yet I call that tree mine ! ten generations more will live aud die beneath its shade , and I call that tree mine 11 can neither see nor reach the nest that a bird has built on one of its topmost boughs , and I call tbe tree mine 2 Mine ! there is not one of the things I call mine that is not destined to last more than me ; not a single button of my gaiters
that is not destined to outlive me considerably . What a singular thing is property , of which man is so proud ! When I had nothing of my own , I had the forests and meadows , the sea , tbe heavens and all their stars ; since I have bought this old house and ibis garden , I have only this house and this garden . Property is a covenant by which one renounces everything that is not included between four particular walls . . I remember an old wood close to the house where I was horn ; how many days have I spent beneath its leafy shade , in its green paths ; how many violets I have picked there in March—how many lilies of the valley in May l How many strawberries , blackberries , and filberts i have eaten ; how many butterflies and lizzards I
have pursued and caught ; how many nests I have discovered there ; how often , at evening , I have admired there the stars which seemed to blossom one by one among the tree tops—at morning have watched the sun ' s rays penetrating the leafy dome like luminous dust ! What balmy perfumes , what gentle reveries , I have enjoyed there ; how many verses I wrote-Miow often I read over her letters there 1 I used to go at the close of day to a little wooded hill to see the sun set , and watch its oblique rays tinging with red the white trunks of the birches which surrounded me . That was not mine , it belonged to an old , crippled , impotent marquis , who had most likely never been in it—it was hts ! . Far from being the lord of Nature , as so many
philosophers , poets , and moralists have pretended , man is her assiduous slave , and property is one of tbe baits by means of which he is induced to take upon himself numberless strange drudgeries , Look at that man mowing ! how tired he seems ; the sweat drips from his brow . He is cutting his bay for his horse —he is proud and happy . Man is employed by Nature to gather in seeds , and to sow them at proper seasons , and to dig the earth round the trees in order that they may feel the gentle and salutary influences of rain and sunshine . In every town that is tolerably populous , the poor man has a public library , and consequently from fifteen to twenty thousand volumes for his use ; if he grow rich , he will buy a library and hooks of his own ; he will
only b »* e four or five hundred volumes , if is true , but how proud and pleased he will he . ' You are poor ; the sea is yours with its solemn sounds , and the loud voice' of its winds-the sea in its awful wrath , and its still more imposing calm—the sea is yours , but it belongs to others likewise ; one of these days , when by dint of toil , vexation , and perhaps meanness too , you have become rich—more or less—you will have a little marble basin built up in your garden , or at any rate you will lose no time in purchasing and placing in your house a crystal vase with two gold fishes . There are times when I cannot but ask myself , if perchance our judgment may not be so far perverted as to call poverty that which is splendour and wealth , and to term opulence what—in fact—is want and destitution .
We have not room for a romance of " Tulip Love , " which forcibly—and even painfullyexemplifies the mania that takes possession of minds accustomed to concentrate their attention too much , and too exclusively , on one particular object or pursuit . The work is full of varied interest .
Lives And Anecdotes Of Misers; Or The Pa...
Lives and Anecdotes of Misers ; or the Passion of Avarice Displayed . By P . S . Merryweather . London : Simpkin , Marshall , and Co . Mr . Merryweather has achieved considerable distinction by his antiquarian research , and the light he has thrown npon the habits and customs of our Anglo-Saxon ancestors . In the present volume he has collected a number of anecdotes , respecting a class of men whose
eccentricities , combined with their wealth , have always tended to make a fruitful theme of gossip and wonderment . Mr , Merryweather ' s stories about misers are , however , much better than his endeavour to account , philosophically , for tbe all-absorbing passion of avarice , whose practical results he records ; and so without ixonMing onr readers with any theory on tbe subject , we will select , as a sample of the book , a tale in which a miser meets a fearful end : —
lathe year 1762 an extraordinary instance of avarice occurred iu France . A miser , of the name of Foscue , who had amassed enormous wealth by the most sordid parsimony and the most discreditable extortion , was requested by the government to advance a sum of money as a loan . The miser , to whom a fair interest was not inducement sufficiently strong to enable him to part with his treasured cold , declared his incapacity to meet this demand ; he pleaded severe losses and the utmost poverty . Fearing , however , that some of his neighbours , among whom he was very unpopular , would report his immense wealth to the government , he applied hii in < rpnnitv to discover some effectual way of
hiding his gold , should they attempt to institute a search to ascertain the truth or falsehood of his plea . With great care and secrecy he dng a deep cave in his cellar ; to this receptacle for his treasure he descended by a ladder , and to the trap door he attached a spring lock , so that , on shutting , it would fasten of itself . By-and-by the miser disappeared ; inquiries were made ; the house was searched ; woods were explored , and tbo ponds were dragged ; but no Foscue could they find ; and gossips began to conclude that tho miser had fled with his gold to some part , where , by living
incognito , he would be free from the demands of the government . Some time passed on ; the house in which he had lived was sold , and workmen were busily employed in its repair . Iu the progress of their work they met with the door of the secret cave , with the key in the lock , outside . They threw back the door and'descended with a light , Tbe first object upon which the lamp was reflected was the ghastly body of Foscue the . miser , ¦ and scattered around him were heavy bags of gold . and ponderous chests of untold trea-ure ; a candlestick lay beside him on the floor . This worshipper of Mammon had
Lives And Anecdotes Of Misers; Or The Pa...
gone into his cave to pay his devoirs to his golden god and became a sacrifice to his devotion ! What must have been the tehsations of that miserable man—what the horrors of'his situation , ' when he heard the doorelose after him , and the spring lock effectually ; imprison- him within his secret mine Uow bitter must have been the last struggles of thatavaricious soul ! How terrible must haveheen the appeals of conscience within that sordid sinner uow each bag must have disgorged its treasure , and each piece of gold have danced ,: in imagination , around him as a demon ! How hated , when the gnawing pangs of starvation cameslowly upon him . must have been that yellow vision ; his very heart must have grown sick at that which he once ' so loveu i
ueariy ; uold In bags ; gold in chests ; gold piled m heap * ; gold for a pillow ; gold strewed upon the ground for . him to lie upon ! . Whilst bis taper lasted , turn where he would his eyes , nothing met them bat his gold . But when the last flicker died away , and the miser was' left in darkness to dwell upon-his coming death ' , and upon his many sins , how awfulmust haveheen tbe agonies of conscience ! How , surety , amidst tho gloom of that sepulchre of gold , must the poor whom he had oppressed , and the unfortunate whom he had ruined by his avarice , have rose up to reproach him j and , when the mind became fevered by its last deadly struggles , how the faces of haggard , poverty , of hate , and loathing for the misery must , in onejioud , discordant chorus , have cried for vengeiice and retribution upon his guilty , soul ! ' -
Ww — • The Great Exhibition Of 1851. Adm...
ww — THE GREAT EXHIBITION OF 1851 . ADMISSION OF VISITORS . ¦ Her Majesty ' s Commissioners for the Exhibition of 1851 havo had under , their consideration , the regulations respecting the admission of visitors , which it appears to them necessary to adopt for the effectual accomplishment of the purposes of the Exhibition , ; Their attention has been principally directed to the following points : — 1 . —Tlie necessity . of making such arrangements as shall secure the convenience of the public visiting the Exhibition ; ^ hether for study and instruction , or for the more general purposes of curiosity and amusement . 2 . —The due protection and security of the property deposited , ttvthe building . ' 3 . —The ' eflectiyejcontrol oyer the number of visitors , while tlie servants and officers entrusted with
the maintenance of order and regularity m the building are comparatively experienced ' in their duties . ¦ i . —The necessity of maintaining the self-supporting character . of the exhibition , and of defraying the liabilites incurred . 5 . —The desire of the commissioners to render the exhibition accessible to all persons at the lowest possible charge , and with the least delay , which a due regard to the preceding considerations will admit , Ilaring these objects in view , her Majesty ' s commissioners have determined to adopt the following
regulations : — The exhibition will be open every day ( Sundays excepted ) . Tbe hours of admission and other details will be announced at a subsequent period . The charges for admission will be as follows : — . Season tickets for a gentleman ....... £ 3 3 0 Season tickets for a lady .... ; ..... 2 2 0 These tickets are not transferable , but they will entitle the owner to admission on all occasions on which the . Exhibition is open to the public . The commissioners reserve to themselves the power of raising the price of the season tickets when thefirst issue is exhausted , should circumstances render it advisable .
O / i the first day of tho Exhibition season tickets only will be available , and no money will be received at the doors of entrance on that day . On the second and third days the prices of admission on entrance will be ( each day ) £ 10 0 On the fourth day of Exhibition 0 5 0 To be reduced on the twenty-second day to 0 10 From the twenty-second day the prices of admission will be as follows : — On Mondays , Tuesdays , Wednesdays , and Thursdays in each week : 0 1 0 On Fridays 0 2 6 On Saturdays „ 0 5 0
No change will be given at the doors . This . regulation is necessary to prevent the inconvenience and confusion which would arise from interruption or delay at the entrances . Should experience in the progress of tho Exhibition , render any alteration in these arrangements necessary , the commissioners reserve to themselves the power of making such modifications as may appear desirable , of which due and timely notice , however , will be given to tho public . By order of her Majesty ' s Commissioners , J . Scott Russbli , Edoar A , Bowmso ( for S . 11 . Northcote ) , Exhibition Building , Hyde Park , Feb . 8 , 1851 .
A Police Court will , ifc is said , be established in or very near the Crystal Palace during the continuance of the Exhibition .
The ' Sailors' Stride. Snnans, Saiunnat....
THE SAILORS' STRIDE . Snnans , SAiunnAT . —Affairs have become more involved in this and the neighbouring ports during the last two or three days than ever they were before . On Wednesday week the , Shields ' . seamen met , and resolved that those who felt inclined might sign articles for the coasting trade and proceed to sea ; but on Thursday , at a general meeting of the seamen of the ; whole district , some 3 , 000 strong , held on Shields' . Sands , this resolution was rescinded , and the following adopted : —¦ ' That in the opinion of this mating the new articles prodded by the Mercantile Marine and Merchant Seamen ' s Acts are unconstitutional and unjust , and that the seamen of tho horth-east ports of England are determined to oppose them by all the moral power they po-sess , and \ that no new ships proceed
to sea under the new articles ; and that the men refuse to sign alleles , either coasting or foreign , countenancing the above-mentioned acts , " A delegate meeting was held after the public meeting , at which there were representatives from Hull , Seaham , Sunderland , Newcastle , Shields , Blyth . and Hart ? ey , when the above resolution was confirmed ; and the result is that the men have left their ships , and , with the exception of some vessels that have left the harbour guarded by tho police , the entire shipping trade of the north-eastern ports is stopped . There has been a good deal of " mobbing" both at Shields and Sunderland . The Kate , of Bristol , has been got to sea from the South Docks at Sunderland . As she was the first vessel
to proceed to sea oh a foreign voyage from that port since the strike , some anxiety was felt for the safety of the crew , and . to prevent mischief , the mayor , the chairman of the local marine board , and the boats manned by the river police , were present , but though thetfe was a large muster of the men on strike at the dock gates , the only reception , they gave the crew was a volley of yells , and the ve sel was got away without any mischief . The mate of the Rocklifle has been very ill-used by a mob in going home from his vessel at the North Docks . Twenty pounds reward is offered by the Sunderlami Shipowners' Society for the capture of the ringleaders . Two seamen who had attempted to sign articles at Sunderland were set upon by a number
of seamen , hustled , and pelted with mud . To-day a seaman was brought out of the Isabella , of London , lying iu the Tyne , by a boat belonging to the watch committee , and having been landed at the low part of Shields was attacked by a mob of women amounting to above 200 , and very much maltreated ; in fact he would have been in danger of his life if some tradesmen and pilots had not ; come to his assistance and got him into a public-house , where he was sheltered until the police came to his rescue . A crimp named Hammond , -who had procured some " half marrows" . for , ' a vessel , had to fly for his life before an infuriated inob of women at North Shields on Friday night ! The crew of the Peruvian have been sent to gaol for thirty days by the Teiirnmouth
magistrates , on a charge of having deserted their vessel after signing articles ; and tbe crew of the Don were taken on board their vessel to-day , having expressed their willingness to go to sea rather than to gaol . The boats of the Hecate will be upon the river to-night to protect some vessels £ oin # to sea . The Trident has gone round to Sunderland to protect the vessels in the Wear . Meetings have lieen held in Sunderland , Shields , Seaham , and Hartlepool , during the last few days , and , in addition to the local speakers , have been addressed by the deputation from Hull , Captain Beechey has had another interview with the deputations from the Shields seamen , but without satisfaction to either party . Liverpool . —On Monday nearly 2 , 000 sailors struck work , and paraded the town with a band of music and flags . They carried with them an effigy of Mr . Labouchere , or , as tbev called the right hon , gentlemen , "Larboardsheer . " It was generally detood the
unrs among men that they were to make a bonfire of their tickets in , the evening . They protest not only against the Sew Marine Act . but against the old one , by which they are compelled to subscribe a shilling a month as hospital money , from which but few of ihem derive any beneBt . Yarmouth . — The almost universal discontent which some of the enactments in the new Mercantile Marine Act has occasioned as at last manifested itself among the mariners of Yarmouth . On Tuesday morning several hundreds of them threw up their tickets and formed " a strike , " They assembled on the Hall'Quay , and having procured fk « s and musical instruments , speedily fovmed into ° a procession of eight abreast , and thus they marched round the town , gaining accessions as they went down the quay , atone time they mustered at least 1 , 000 strong . Every day they met and paraded iho town . for several hours , and in the evening thoy have held meetings at the ' Royal Exchange Quav . j Oa Wednesday evening , at a meeting of several !
The ' Sailors' Stride. Snnans, Saiunnat....
hundreds of them , a union was efttubliahed , and . Howards of 500 members immediately enrolled , A . public meeting of the shipowners of . the port was held on Monday at the Town-hall , in pursuance of a requisition to the mayor and magistrates by " a committee for superintending the affairs of the seamen as regards those grievances so bitterly complained of in tho new Mercantile Marine Act . " About seventy shipowners were present ; the mayor ( Charles Pearson , Esq ., R . N . ) , in the chair . The committee of seamen attended as a deputation , and were . distinguished by white rosettes and tho medal of the Shipwrecked Mariners'Society . The men presented a memorial respectfully calling upon the owners to assist them . in getting rid of those
enactments and imposts which are causing such widespread dissatisfaction throughout the countrv . The meeting was addressed by several influential shipowners , who were unanimous in expressing thoir most unqualified disapproval of tho new act , as being tho most vexatious species of legislation to which either the owners , masters ,, or men , had over been subjected to . Ultimately , Mr . G . Danbv Palmer , the largest owner in the port , moved that \ ?» L ttee * consisting of B « owners and six men , ' should be appointed to draw up a petition to the tiouse of Commons , praying for a total repeal of the act passed last session . The motion was seconded by Mr . G . Blake , and agreed to with only one dissentient . The , men then brought forward the . question of wages , but as the subi ; ct had not
oeen entered in the requisition , it was agreed to request the Mayor to convene another meeting on that nutter . Hull . —The unhappy . differences between the seamen of Hull and the shipowners still continue . The wages demanded by the men are £ 3 per month and small stores , and a strong determination seems to be apparent among the men to accept no less . On Tuesday , as the vessel Minstrel , bound to America , was about to leave the Humber dock to proceed on her voyage , about 500 sailors assembled on tho pier , a rumour having been circulated that-she was about to sail with a crew who had signed for reduced wages , viz ., £ 3 per month without small stores . As she was leaving the dock several sailors sprang on board to bring the crew on shore if possible , and were immediately followed by some police officers , who took two of the sailors into custody . On landing they were surrounded by a large mob m the greatest state of excitement , and who
shortly commenced an attack upon the police , with the' intention of rescuing the prisoners . The officers were so hardly pressed that they were compelled to use their truncheons , and several severe injuries were sustained . Stones , brickbats , and other offensive missiles were hurled with much violence , and considerable damage was occasioned to the houses near the spot . After much difficulty the police succeeded in lodging the prisoners in prison and in apprehending the ringleaders of the riot . The town is . now comparatively quiet . Later intelligence has reached us , by which ifc appears that three men ivere arrested on Tuesday . The "force" used their truncheons vigorously , and the men are . stated to have stood in their own defence in the scuffle caused by the police . On Wednesday the three men were committed on the charge of intimidation . The following memorial is intended to be presented to the " Board of Trade : "—
" The Memorial of the Master Mariners , Seamen , and other interested persons of the Port of Hull , humbly sheweth , — "That your memorialists have observed with considerable interest the important changes recently made in the laws relating to tho conduct of master mariners and seamen in the British Merchant Service , especially those contained in the Mercantile Marine Act of 1850 , and in tho regulations of your right honourable board in pursuance thereof , " That your memorialists are duly sensible of the great importance of using endeavours to improve the condition of master mariners and seamen , and of promoting means to encourage and secure the faithful and efficient discharge of their nautical
duties ; and they will be happy to give their utmost support to any measures that appear calculated to increase the facilties to commercial navigation , give confidence and assurance of the utmost practical care and security of shipping and cargoes , encourage the professional and moral improvement , and advance the interests , comforts , and satisfaction of masters and seamen in the British Merchant Service—which desirable objects they . consider , with deep regret , are not likely to be effected by means of the present laws and regulations . "That the governing principle of the laws and regulations now in force , and which apply to both masters and seamen , is that of servile degradation , rigorous coercion , and oppressive taxation ; inasmuch as British seamen are ticketed and numbered like slaves , without which slavish badges being produced , deposited , and recorded , they cannot obtain employment , and for offences , which are frequently unavoidable
, they incur ' extreme pain and penalties , not inflicted upon any other class of British subjects ; and , when they obtain employment to sail in the Foreign trade , they are prohibited from making their own engagements as masters and servants , however well known , or whatever degree of confidence they may entertain towards each other , which is the condition of many of your memorialists , who have known e ach other for many years , and have frequently been employed in the same ships together without any disagreement ; notwithstanding ' which they are subjected to the intervention and surveillance of a class of officers ,. called shipping-masters , whose services they do not require , and in whose presence their as > reemnnts must be confirmed , their bond or slave tickets must be transferred andrecorded . and whom they are obliged to pay , by a compulsory tax deducted from their hard-earned wages , which tax is imposed upon ship-owners , and SCamen ,
" Yonr memorialists , therefore , moat humbly pray , that your right honourable board may bo pleased forthwith to discontinue tbe use of Seamen ' s resistor tickets , which are regarded as badges of slavery ; and also to discontinue the compulsory use of Shipping-offices , and the indispensable interference of Shipping-masters in the engagement of seamen for the foreign trade ; and also to repeal the obnoxious tax upon seamen ' s wages for the payment of Shipping-masters' duties which they do not require , and which practice they consider to be a slavish degradation while it remains compulsory ; and also , ' that your right honourable board will be pleased to discontinue your recognisance of the Twenty-two offences contained in the re « u \ a . nd llow sh
tions , aa ips' crews to devise their own domestic regulations without legislative interference ; and also , that your right honourable board would he pleased , in tho exercise of your discretionary power under the provisions of the Mercantile Marine Act , to establish and patronise nautical schools in large seaports , and award prizes to excellence in pupils , and to devise means for the promotion and encouragement of friendly feelings amongst masters , officers , a ^ sea men , by roniloving it highly complimentary , praiseworthy , and honourable to all seafaring persons to enjoy testimonials of the regard , esteem , and respect of their masters , officers , and crews . •' ' * And , as in duty bound , " Your memorialists will ever pray . "
St. Babtholombw's Mbwcwb Chesiv—Between ...
St . Babtholombw ' s Mbwcwb Chesiv—Between two and three hundred pounds are spent etery year for strong sound port wine for the sick poor in Bartholomew ' s Hospital . Ifc is bought in pipes , and drawn off as needed . Nearly two thousand pounds weight of castor oil , two hundred gallons of spirits of wine , at seventeen shillings a gallon ; twelve tons of linseed meal ; a thousand pounds weight of senna ; and twenty-seven hundredweight of salts , are items in the annual account for drugs . The grand total spent upon physic in a twelvemonth is two thousand six hundred pounds . Five thousand yards of calico are wanted for rollers , for bandaging ; to say nothing of the stouter and stiffer fabric used for plasters . More than half a hundredweightof sarsaparilla is used every , week—a . sign
how much the constitution , of the patients requires improvement . In a year twenty-nine thousand seven hundred leeches were bought for the use of the establishment—an invasion of foreigners without parallel , till we have the influx of the Great Exhibition—for the leeches brought to bite and die in this London Hospital are gathered in Frsnco and Poland , in Africa and Spain . A ton and a half of treacle is annually used to make some kinds of syrup ; the five casks of hips , which , mixed with a cask of sugar , makes linctus for coughs , has been already mentioned ; but one little fact , in addition , respecting it , should not pass unnoticed . This
preparation for coughs is red in colour , and looks fruity , and tastes somewhat sweet , having still , howerer , an acid dash . As winter comes the coughs increase , and the demand upon tho & tock of linctus becomes heavier and heavier . This is expected and provided for ; but one season it had been larger even than usual . The same children and the same women came again and again most persevcringly ; when , in consequence of some inquiries it was found that one of the most urgent claimants for tho favourite physio lived by selling little sweets and pies to children , in a back street near Smitbfield , and that she used the favourite linctus to niako fruit tarts of . —Dickens ' t " Household Words . "
Loss of the Bmo Laurel , of Glasgow , with all on Boinn .-GLASoow , Fed . 6 ,-The vessel with which the Thistle steamer came into collision in the Firth of Clyde on Tuesday night , turns out to be the Laurel , of Glasgow , from Demerara , inward bound with a cargo of sugar and molasses . This has been ascertained from part of the stern , the master ' s desk , and a portion of tho cargo having floated ashore at Piadda . It is believed there were at least sixteen b / inds on board belonging to tho pessel , and . one passenger , all of whom . haveno doubt-derished . The Laurel was upwards of 300 ton ' s ' burthen , and was the property of Messrs , ' J . and J . Campbell , of this city . Both hull and cargo are insured by the underwriters ierei
'Tfarittie*.
'tfarittie * .
Why Is An Umbrella Like A Scotch Shower?...
Why is an umbrella like a Scotch shower ? Bocause the moment it rains it ' s missed . A Plymouth tradesman had succeeded in making cast-iron horse-shoe magnets , to lift 150 lbs . at a cost of 30 < . each . nTv ! IS t timi ( 1 v 0 un 8 6 » rl like a ship coming into Dublm harbour ? Answer—Because she endeavours to keep clear of the boys' ( buoys )!!! Evil . —He is wise that can avoid an evil ; he is patient that can endure it ; bathe is valiant that can conquer it . What kind of soil is best adapted for the cultivation of rye ? Very dry ; for every person knows that in-dnst-ry roust prosper .
Doing nothing . — " Dan , Dan , what on earth are you doing up there ? " — " Nothing , sir , was the response , —'' Then stop doing it , sir , right off . " Mrs . Partington , noticing the recent death of Mr . Kyan , the well-known inventor , is anxious to know if he is tbe person who invented kyanpepper . Goon . —If present good is round thee , it may be well to look for change , but to trust in a continuance is better . Sharp sbt , —Thi sexton of Salisbury Cathedral was telling Lamb that eight persons hail dined together upon the top of the spire , upon which he remarked that " they must have been sharp set . " A mistake . —A gentleman down cast seeing his pretty maid with hi * wife ' s bonnet on , kissed her , supposing her to be the real owner . He soon discovered his error through the assistance of his wife .
Ijie Observer somewhat equivocally observes , that " no object produced at the forthcoming Exhibition will contain more matter of aoiitl interest , than Mr . WyJd ' s hollow globe . " Sblf- Denial . —Teach self-denial , and make its practical pleasurable , and you create for tho world a destiny , more sublimo than ever issued from the brain of tbo wildest dreamer . A mean fellow . —There is a man in Brighton so mean that he buttons his shirt with wafers . He is the same old gentleman who looks at his money through a magnifying glass . By this means , he savs , a threepenny- p iece looks as large as a sixpence . Good-brkeding is a " , guard upon the tongue ; the misfortune is , that we put it on aud off with our fine clothes and visiting faces , and do not wear it where it is wanted—at home !
A nuTiFui , hope . —A poor widow woman was relating to her neighbour how fond her husband was of having a good fire j how busy he would make himself in fixing ifc so that ifc would burn . " Ah , poor dear man ! " she continued , " I hope he has gone to a place where they keep good fires , " The Chaplain of the Preston House of Correction announces the startling fact , that more than sixty percent , of 1 hie degraded persons committed to Preston gaol were , at oiie time or other , Sunday scholars . Ik Paris 1 G 0 papers of various kinds are published ; in London , ninety-seven ; in Berlin , seventynine ; in Leipsig , sixty-eight ; in St . Petersburg , thirty-six . The number of journals published in Germany , exclusive of Austria , is G-15 , nearly three times as many as Paris and London put together . — Leader .
A Monster Bustle . —A Miss Gresley Jarman ' s bustle was lately exhibited at the Clerkenwell Police Court , and contained no less than ton pounds of feathers , which she was charged with having stolen from her lodgings . She denied the robbery , and declared that ten pounds of feathers were the usual complement of the bustles she wove . Light a Substance . — M . Recamier has presented a short note to the Academy of Sciences , with a detail of certain experiments which led the author
to conclude tlrat light is a physical Bubstsmee capable of being employed as a locomotive power . This . would beat steam and electricity hollow . Think of our being ublo to realise the dream of the poet , and " riding on a sunbeam , " The Nominative an Objective . —Two men were disputing the paternity of a picture , one of them remarking , " I'll wager you a guinea that that picture was painted by Shee . " "I beg your pardon , " said Lamb , in his driest manner , " but would it not be more grammatical to say painted bvher ?"
Very Black .- " O father . ' I ' ve just seen the blackest nigger that ever was !'' said a little boy , one day , as he came running into the house . " How black was he , my son ?"— " Ob , he was as black as black can be 1 Why , father , charcoal would make a uMu mark on him . " Curious Lottery . —At an evening party , recently , it was proposed to dispose of the belle of the room , by lottery . Twenty tickets were immediately sold , at a fixed price . The joke ended not here . The fortunate adventurer has since married the lady whose number was drawn against his name .
Sense anh Follt . — An Irishwoman who had kept a little grocery , was brought to her death-bed , and was on the point of breathing her last , when bLs called her husband to her bed-side : — " Jamie , " she faintly said , " thereVMissus Mullony—she owes me six shillings . "— " Och ! " exclaimed her husband , " . Biddy , darlint , ye ' re sensible to the last !"— " Y \ s , dear ; an ' . there ' s Missus McCraw , I owe her half-asovereiun . "— " Och ! be jabbers , andyo ' re as foolish as ever . " InoN-RiBBED Vessel . —A vessel called the Marion Macintyre was lately launched at Liverpool , her ribs formed of iron ; she is 300 tons burden , and yet weighed , when completely rigged , only 100 tons , which is one-half the usual weight of a vessel of such burden ; with a cargo double her tonnage , sho would not draw more than twelve or thirteen feet of water . It is estimated her speed and durability will be great .
The World a Wheelbarrow . — "Dang me if I don ' t b'live the world ' s a wheelbarrow , " said a jollv inebriate , as he rolled along ; " and I ' m the wheel revolving on the haxis . " " Now I ' m in the mud , " continued he , as he fell headlong into the gutter ; " and uow I ' m on dry land , " as he fetched up on the curb-stone . Ilia concluding remark , as his boots followed his head down an open cellar way , was , " now the wheel is broke , and the wehicle is upset . " As Thick as Long . — A young barrister the other day went into one of the numerous perruquiers in the Temple , to procure a wig . In taking the dimensions of the lawyer ' s head , a youth from the country exclaimed , " Why 1 how long your head is , Sir . "— "Yes , " replied young Black ' stone , " we lawyers must have long heads . " The boy proceeded to his vacation , but at length exclaimed , "Lord , Sir , your head is as thick as it is long . "
Vetrifieo Bricks , Tiles , & c—Mr . Elliott , of Ellsworth , has obtained a patent for making vitrified bricks , tiles , & c , of limestone , chalk , clay , old furnace cinders , and other plastic materials , which will melt into a liquid similar to iron , and will bear to be carried in a ladle to a sand or cast iron mould ; in about two minutes , when set , may be taken out of the mould , and stacked one brick upon another while hot , bo that they will retain the heat a sufficient time to anneal and become strong and hard .
Three Dais' Sight . —A Frenchman , unacquainted with business , once received a draft payable in three days' tight at a certain bank . The first day he presented himself at the counter , and taking the draft from his pocket-book , extended it before the paying teller , end to his astonishment said , "You see that once , " and , folding the draft , he walked away . The next morning he appeared again , and going through the same form , said , " You see that twice . " The third day he appeared again and said , " You see that three times , Now , by gar , you will pay him , "
Tbst of SonRiETt . —The New Englandcr informs us how the police tell when a man is drunk , at a village "down South . " Between the cells there is a passage which serves as a thermometer for the subject . The officers bring the subject to its entrance , and say to him , "Now , if you can walk to tbe other end of this place , without touching on both sides , you will be discharged at once ; but if not , it is clear that you are publicly drunk , and must take up your lodgings in this boarding-house . " Much dispute has been obviated by this ingenious arrangement .
The Decline of Duelling . —In taldnjr leave of a painful interesting topic , we would fain express a hope and a belief that a better feeling on the subject of duelling is gaining ground in this csuntry than has existed for centuries . There is growing up a spirit of dignified submission to the law ot man , based as it is on the law of God , which totally prohibits those unholy exhibitions of murderous malevolence . A true estimate is formed of tho nature of honour—one which forbids alike the offering and resenting of insults . — Blackwood ,
The Medical Profession . —2 , 574 Medical men are practising at the present time in London , Of these , 2 , 237 are engaged in General Practice ; 187 as pure Surgeons ; and 150 as Physicians , if we regard the Metropolis as containing two nnd a quarter millions of souls ( a number of which is in all probability very close to the truth , ) then it is evident that there are about eleven General Practititioners to every 10 , 000 of the inhabitants ; seven pure Suraeans to every 100 , 000 ; and rather more than six Physicians to the same number , Boys' Marbles . —There is something ingenious in the manufacture oi those toys . The great part of them are made of a hard stone , found near Uoburir , in Saxony , The stone is first bri . ken with a hamtne ' r into small cubical fragments , and about-100 or 150 of these are ground at one time in-a mill , somewhat like a flour mill . The lower stone—and which
remams at rest , has sevtral concentric circular groves or furrows ; the upper stoue is of ihe same diameter as the lower , and is made to revolve by water or other power . Minute streams of water arc directed into the furrows of ( he lower stone . TJie pressure oi t he runner on the little pieces rolls them ovw m all directions '; and in about one-quarter of an hour the wiioie of the rough fragments are reduced into nearly . itcurate spheres .
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Citation
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Northern Star (1837-1852), Feb. 15, 1851, page 3, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse.ac.uk/periodicals/ns/issues/ns2_15021851/page/3/
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