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Northern Star (1837-1852), 15th November 1845, Edition 2 of 3, Page 1, O^C^ C^^l^ y^

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    • TJifi NORTHERN STAR.
    • " "' * -" " ¦ '" '—^———^—il^—ii^—i———MS—^jS-^J » jfomfftt Jntelliseiue*
    • Crat ofj i^ttttif <u
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      Tjifi Northern Star.

      TJifi NORTHERN STAR .

      To The Working Classes. Mtdm Fmesds,~On ...

      TO THE WORKING CLASSES . MTDm FMESDS , ~ On SatmfdaylaattheiV artftern ^ r entewd npon the niflth year of it * eastaice , Davine comp leted 417 numbers-a fact , ihe realisation of which was not anticipated either by those to whose monopoly and injustice it has been a constant -nnoyance and consistent opponent , or by those of ^ hose rights it has been the unflinching andunpuri & aseable advocate . It has , during thatperiod , established for itself a character , and for you a position , which the historian or the journalist of the present dav will not admit its claim , or your title . However ,

      a 5— HWefcaTelivea and loved together , " -x d arc best acquainted with , our own secrets , it will ^ t be out of place if I should briefly run over the * ^^ nngwhatliaslreen done , amtwhat , without « uch m orsaD ' ""^ laTe teen * , 0 ne ' ** " * take a . " cetiVe glance at the future , and what we have a ri ^ M to esperf , shall be accomplished . - jrjjgnthe tierikern -Star was first established the , re $ s of the factions assigned to it but a short exist-- " jj ^ therefore , made copious use of theinferaation it communicated , extracting whole columns

      the most interesting news of the day . When , however , they saw its rapid progress , and a rapid TJse jn public estimation , they also saw the danger of rhroBicling that popular power of which , it was the yeeklv mirror . For this reason the press of the eountry has for seven and a half years entered into - consp iracy not to notice anything that appeared in $ « forthem Star , and to this fact , more than to any { gher , we are to ascribe that total , culpable , and dangerous ignorance manifested by the higher orders , of all matters concerning your welfare , and connected with your movement .

      The press was , and is , jealous of the Northern Star , because it never has allowed patchwork patriots to court sectional popularity for individual aggrandisement «„ p 3 rty- ^ Tjjfifl 8 ^~ J & JteJaken the bold stand-tie distinctive line . In the outset it proclaimed tiie necessity of making one party of the whole class of wealth-producers , so as in due time ihey may be enabled to fight the battle against the idle consumers . Through it I have endeavoured to marshal non-elective influence against electoral Fewer . "Very early in its infancy I threw aside all those political badges which distinguish the respec

      tive parties , and , for the first time in the history of j * 5 itics , I divided society into the two classes of rich oppressors and the poor oppressed . The very many . j ^ tr and fescinating jugg les that have been presented : o the public eye ,-whether by individuals or parties , j have invariably met in the outset with the cry of talon , democracy , and no compromise . Ihavesaeriiced friends the most dear , and acquaintances the most valued , rather than budge one inch from this bit stem purpose . There is no vexation , insult , opprobrium , oppression , or injustice , to which man [ tiuld be exposed , that I have not endured , in consequence of my strict adherence to principle .

      Every attempt that the most wicked could devise , or ihe most cunning could execute , has been resorted -join the most underhand way to destroy the efficiency and io insure the death of the Nortftem Sttr . Open i and professing friends havennited for this one jfcmmon object , and yet the Sto-lives , and snjuxlive Resp ite their hellish machinations . The subjects tiat have been discussed since the Star first made its aipearancc have been , most of them , of a new character , and many of them of gigantic importance . ] n meeting those new doctrines I have ever wielded ie pen myself , and 1 now , f with pride and confidence , appeal to the sequel as proof that the conversion of many journals and the acquiesence of the

      whole people has stamped approval upon the course iare taken . Through the most bustling and dangerous times the Star has never shrunk from the avowal of its adopted principles , while I have ever stood in the foremost ranks of danger . There are times when popular excitement may madden enthusiastic minds into uncontrolable action , but if we contrast onr present position -with those means to which faction has been obliged to resort for oar humiliation , 1 think we may reasonably come to the conclusion , notwithstanding our trials , our sufferings , and our losses , that there has been a presiding and protective spirit watching over the genius of Chartism .

      Bow eften have I asked you to compare the past Trfih the present , by < xraslderingwhat you were and -what you are . You were weak , powerless , and unconnected : yon are strong , powerful , and united , if not in action , at least in thonght ^ -and that is the fret great step . How often have I told you that there were three distinct stages in popular agitation —the creation of apnblic opinion ; the concentration of ihe public mind ; and the direction of that public nnnd . Bow often nave I told you that the existence of three political parties was incompatible with the

      • xistenee of peace , law , and order ; and how often hare I told you that my policy was to destroy one of those political parties , so that thereby we may reduce the struggle to the battle of right against might . When by that policy , so much denounced by shortaghted fools , we had destroyed "Whiggery for everthepeoplebegantoxecogniseitsjustice . Iassertedjin J « l ,. thatthe effect ' of the breaking up of thelfhig Government must result in the coalition of Russell aid Peel , and that then the battle would be reduced : o its proper character .

      Thetarangements which are now beingmade prove the truth of jny prediction , while for the past it re quires but little foresight to conclude that the Whigs , deserted by theirmostpopular leader , will have no alternative but once more to fall back upon popular support . Upon the other hand , those Whig leaders vould now find the moving power in a very different temper and position to what they found it when they last used it for the accomplishment of their own

      ££ t ohm . It is only when this struggle , which is fast xpproaching , takes place , that justice can be done to tor policy , our bravery , our strength , and our resolu tion . We but require the countenance and support of even each a minority as disbanded , distracted , and disappointed Whiggery would give us , to earry our principles entire and without compromise . In such £ contest we would consent to no exchange of popular strength for-Parliamentary support , upon other conditions than that our own Duncombe should

      betheacaiowledgedleaderofthe popular Parliamentary ibroe . We would have no more Irish beggars , placemen , pensioners , paupers , country slayers , and country wHers . We would fightthe united battle of England znd Irehmd against the combined force of Toryism !< ova ] , loyal Kepeahsm , and Irish Patronageism , at one and the same time . There are , I confess , those short-sighted politicians * ho ask in what , after your long struggle , is your incased power manifest ? To that I answer that in England no party , except the ruling party , has other than oBsreccnvE power , and that obstructive power ^ hich has been the basis and the gem of our policy * s possessed by us to a greater extent than by any

      « uier party . The Whigs are out of office and have uopower . The League , theComplete Suffragists , and deserters of all shades , are our bitter opponents , and yet our strength renders their power a nonentity . It is not now , however , that the proper character can beassigned to the improved position wehaveachieved since Chartism was last arrested—that power can be only tested when the first opportunity occurs for displaying the strength of the respective parties . That opportunity will be furnished when ever a general election takes place , and then it will be discovered , that while all other sections of the movement party bare perished , that Chartism only slumbered , andhad gained new strength and vigour in the season of calm and inactivity .

      if we have battled our way gloriously against the persecution of both WMgs and Tories during the bot season of excitement and agitation , we have proved ourselves patriots and philosophers by living through the calm . There is a philosophy in idleness , and « hile upon the one band it would be madness to push popular excitement beyond the capability of the popular mind to bear it , so , -upon the other hand , would i t have been apostacy , treachery , and treason , to have abandoned a p rincip le which required neither excitement nor agitation to prove its value and its worth . In this consists our strength ; we . havenot only lived , but weliave keptour principles alive , and our charac ters uncontaminated through the gloomy season , and aow as the period for activity arrives , we are ready :-nce more i « buckle OB Jh . e urnioiir of agitation .

      To The Working Classes. Mtdm Fmesds,~On ...

      Another portion of my policy , and one which has subjected me to all the tortures that a jury class could impose , has been te destroy all reliance upon middle class support—that is a middle class consisting of the owners of an artificial producing power , the deadliest enemy of manual labour . My constant cry has been , rely upon yourselves , axd upon yourselves alone , and while this advice , together with our pro-Tory policy and obstructive movement has been reprobated by O'Connell , Cobden , Sturge , ' and the Whigs , we nevertheless find that one and all have been compelled to admit its prudence by adopting

      its practice . Thirteen years come the 4 th of February next , is a long period for a " stranger to have preserved the confidence of so justly a suspicions people as the English ; and yet amid all the bustle , the changes , and agitation of that long period , I have done it . Witk the whole force of every party opposed to me , the austerity of open foes , and the ambition of pretended friends , the utmost that faction or caxdouk could lay to my charge has been vanity , shortsightedness , or inconsistency . Vain I confess I am . Every day's fulfilment of my predictions prove that I have not been shortsighted , while your confidence tells me that I have not been inconsistent .

      No party but that of the whole people could have successfully withstood the many assaults to rwaieh we have been exposed . Government-perseeutiohi'unaided and alone , the power of capital single-handed , the authority of local justices , the prejudices of the jury class , the conceded right of judgment to the notice , the treacherous and culpable abandonment of their order by the aristocracy of labour , the subserviency of the press , and above all , the desertion from our ranks of the swarms of locusts who preyed upon us , and pismires who stung us , would any one of them have been sufficient to crush any sectional movement , while as a national body we have defied the united powers of all . Such for the last eight yeais has been the policy of the Star . Such has been ihe course that I have nndeviatingly pursued , and while the

      one shall stand through all the perishing blasts of time as the record of your courage , your patriotism , and your power , the other will , I trust , establish for me a monument more proud and lasting than all the honours that traitors can confer upon usurpers . I cannot conclude this address without proudly observing that cruelty and injustice has produced from our ranks the greatest living poet of the age , while persecution has given birth to orators from your owe class whose eloquence is unsurpassed by ancient or modern demagogues , lleminding you then of our motto , our strength is in our union , our power in our voice , and our success in our perseverance , let us once more raise the rallying shout , "ONWARD AM ) WE CONQUER , BACKWARD AND WE FALL . "

      PEOPLES' CHARTER , AND NO SURRENDER . Ever your faithful friend , And unpurchaseable servant , Fearous O'Connor .

      O^C^ C^^L^ Y^

      O ^ C ^ C ^^ l ^ y ^

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      : . ;; . ' M r . TH /' Mj ^ ST-iH : K ' £ 1 )? ¦ " -: ' . i ^ JS ^ i . ' - ' - " ' ' ' . - ' *' - '; ,- u \ ' J ¦ ' : * - ¦ ' ' \ # 4 '&; liz £ j-P ' s ,: - ¦ — ™ ^ ^

      _ Vol. Vm. No. 418. Wmos^^Msbii£^M ^^^^ ...

      _ vol . vm . no . 418 . wmos ^^ msBii £ ^ m ^^^^ v ..:.: ^ . i « i 5 s ^ aggyfe ^ . ¦ ^— : ^—^— -- - - - — . * - ¦ " "' ¦ ' ' ¦ ¦¦¦ - •¦ - ¦' ' >¦• _ - _ - ¦ - - - ^^——¦¦ . . ¦ ii ,..,. ¦ " . ' * . r I - , ii „;

      The Land. To The Working Classes. Mr Dea...

      THE LAND . TO THE WORKING CLASSES . Mr Deab Fbiesds , —Doubtless the great exertions that are now being made to realise the fined anticipations of our association as speedily as possible , have given you as much pleasure as they have given me . No philanthropifit—no patriot—no honest man can look without pleasure and satisfaction at the receipts of the two past weeks for the emancipation of the labouring classes . No man can read the simple , but eloquent letter of Nicholas Canning , without coining to the conclusion that the good seed of redemption has been sown in the most barren grounds . As a matter of course , the early prospect of an extensive commencement which now presents itself will require increased attention and great industry upon the part of the managers and of the shareholders You lost all the . benefit that would otherwise have

      arisen from Reform , because you did not know how to use the measure in its infancy ; and if you had got the Charter while you were in the same , state of ignorance , its framers would have so frittered away its principles by the mystification of cumbrous details , as to have left you but the mere shadow of the bill . As with politics , so with all other sciences , and especially so with the science of agriculture . Before peop le enter upon practical operations they should instruct themselves , asfar as their means will allow , in acquiring knowledge upon the subject . To effect this desirable object , then , I would earnestly urge upon the several branches the necessity of holding

      class meetings every Sunday night , and oftener , if possible , for the purpose of mutual instruction upon agricultural questions . I would recommend that a very short address , in very simple language , and without one unnecessary word being used , of about half an hour ' s length , should be delivered in the first instance , by a person selected upon the previous Sunday for that office ; and as soon as that individual is selected , pride will , no doubt , induce him to make himself master of the particular subject io be discussed , while the same motive will induce others to instruct themselves , in order that they may criticise and comment upon his lecture . As soon as the lecture is concluded , which should be altogether

      free from any attempt at eloquence , or long words , a chairman should then be appointed , and a conversational discussion should commence , and should last for two hours , at least ; and a rule should be passed , in order to save time , that the chairman should decide upon all points of order , without any discussion arising upon his decision . This I take to be the A B C ef agriculture ; and , while those steeped in old follies are engaged at agricultural dinners and nonsense talking , I do not think that the working classes can be better employed than in learning the ABC and the grammar of agriculture . If this plan is generally acted upon , the following will be the results : —

      Firstly , their knowledge of a science for the propagat ion of which they are called upon to pay their monies will furnish the most wholesome check upon those officers who are called upon to apply their resources . Secondly , it will enable them to judge justly , as to whether or not the transition from an artificial to anaturallife will be beneficial orinjurious to them . Thirdly , it w ill prepare them , when their day of location comes , to commence operations with all the advantages that can be derived from reading

      thought and reflection . Fourthly , it will make those who may be thrown together as neighbours , more friendly and more useful one to another . Fifthly , independently of the great value of co-opera tion for the purpose of purchase , it will teach them the value of the two great principles of individual possession and co-operation of labour . And sixthly , and above all , as far as I am concerned , it will protect me , the father of the Plan , againstall the penal ties of failure , arising from ignorance .

      You will see , from the short address of the Directors , that they have , in compliance with numerous representations from distant parts , postponed the day of holding the Conference from Monday the 1 st of December to Monday the 8 th of December . This was considered indispensable for securing a fair representation of those several districts which must unite for the purposes of representation , and by its adoption all possibility of surprise or injustice is

      removed . Now , even up to that period , I think it very desirable that the sha reholders should meet as often as they possibly can for the purpose of discussing the several propositions that they shall counsel their delegate either to propose , or support , or oppose in Conference . That this Land Plan is now making rapid and extensive progress in the highest quarters may be gathered from the following extract which I select from the leading article of the Tiincs ' fi f Wedncsdav last . The writer , after deprecating the several

      The Land. To The Working Classes. Mr Dea...

      modes recommended by the famine-mongers for the mitigation of distress arising from the failure of potatoes in Ireland , and after a very just censure of an Act of Parliament for promoting certain improvements in thatcpuntry , suggested the following remedy It is not difficult to suggest a remedy . Let the works be undertakai by Government at oiice , and sufficient seeiirity be taken for the future repayment of the txpenct . Do hot wait for the slow and cautious ' movements of indhiduati ; guided and governed , of course , by selfish views . .. The letters of onr Commissioner'have more than '• sufficiently proved how noble a field those very districts of Ireland most menaced by famine present for such enterprise . If it he objected that the consent and co-operation of individuals is necessary ,. and that to proceed without these " being first obtained might be to : incur , usel « ss . expense , the answer is made , by , denying ; the probability . - Let the experiment be tried—success is certain . Let . the Governmentbutbegin to . move , no obstacles will be found ill their path . ¦' . ' ; .,-, ;

      .: Of all the suggestions for the present relief of Ireland , the employment of her population in public works of permanent utility seems the least objectionable , as it is by far the most obvious and simple .- TJie . millioms of unclaimedacres which now lie in unprofitable and unwholesome swamp , furnish not only in object for the labour of the present generation , but a teeming granary for the support of , thousands yet unborn . The . officers of the Ordnance department , might be less usefull y employed than in making surveysfor the drainage of these marshes , their high character for practical science furnishes . a guarantee for the efficient performance of the work ; and their employment entails no expense . " .. Co-operating with the Board of Works , who are the commi-sioners under the act we have alluded to , they may be made in-, strumental in . carrying put its objects without contravening its particular , provisions—advancing before , not in . terfering with , its cumbrous machinery ,

      But whatever be done , there is need of haste . Not the nervous haste of fear , urged by impending danger , but the quick decision of manly energy . It is well for Mr , O'Connell aud his faction to exclaim , with an ostentation of magnanimity , that Ireland requires no aid from England ; that give her but her just rights and she is sufficient to herself . Such bravadoes may sound well within the walls of Conciliation-hall , but they will surely be drowned by the indignant cries of a starving peasantry . Ireland must have aid froiri England—speedy and effectual aid . Whether it be presented in the shape of charity , Or in the form we have suggested , in some way or other it must be afforded .

      Now , my friends , those who have spent time , which might have been otherwise profitably employed , in cavilling at my several plans , should bear in mind that what the Times of the 12 th of November , 1845 . recommends , I recommended on the 7 th of August , ISil ; and , indeed , the words " one night's mildew making the stoutest statesman quail , " "farthing sliding scale , " dread shower statesmen , " are so pertinent and applicable to our present state , and my views of that day were so completely in unison with those of the Times of the present day upon this subject , that I cannot possibly do better than give you entire the following extract , from my fifth letter to the Irish Landlords . Indeed , those who possess those letterswould do well to ' read them carefully , and then ask themselves if I have not prophesied the coming of these very times , and if I have not been four years and three months in advance of the " Thunderer" in

      my predictions and recommendations . Read them , and see if the Times Commissioner has as yet stated one fact that I have not stated four years before , and see whether he has yet stated one-twentieth part of what I then developed . Now , here follows the extract whole and entire : — My Lords and Gentlemen , I hare now shown you , and I think plainly , that the reclaiming system , while it would certainly increase our producing powers , and pay the capitalist a good per centage , would not , however , be the proper field for ascertaining the real value of a work , ing farmer ' s labour ; and as that is my object , and in order that a difference as' to means should not lead to a split upon the principle , let us see if , by agreement upon proper details , we may not evem yet agree- upon this reclaiming system . In the consideration of this subject , - ! open a great national qu « etion well worthy the attention of statesmen who would yet reclaim their country , and make her what she ought to be . ' . '

      The term" reclaiming , " of course , applies to the practice of bringing barren and heretofore uncultivated soil into cultivation , and the process requires capital . The question is , how the double object can be achieved of opening a free market for labour , andreclaiming waste land at the same time ; for I am not for reclaiming any thing that will not reclaim my clients alto . "Waste land , if it is to be thus reclaimed , must be made a proper field for the exercise offree labour . My lords and Gentlemen , it is a sad and melancholy fact , that the philanthropist cannot discuss the simple question of digging or ploughing the ground without finding himself hemmed in and hampered on all sides by the mysterious science of politics ; a science at a perfect knowledge of whieh no man can arrive , while the k »

      owledge of to-day maybe ignorance to-morrow ; a science whimsically worked into practice by the most opposing principles—those of Whiggery to-day and of Toryism tomorrow ; a science which makesthe greateststotesmanand Mdttt tyrant in office gmilbefort a tkglenights mildew , and break oefore "the wind that sheds the corn , " while he refutes to bend to a simple system whidi would make man independent of all casualties save those . toitn iiihieh God in his teisdom ihouyht proper to visit him ; a science which makes man ' s happiness , nay his very life , and the peace of the . country , and the very existence of society to depend upon the rule offMthings . Ah 1 my Lords and Gentlemen , the wild hypothesis of the metaphysician , or the complicated and unravellable assertions of the theorist , provided they are wrapped up in class-legislation dresses , pass current in

      the world of letters as wisdom and philosophy ; while the simplest assertion of the philanthropist , if it tend to the elevation of the poor man , is set down as infidelity and heresy . However , as the rays of . knowledge begin to shine through my prison bars , and . as they , are sure . to spread their benign influence abroad over the whole face of the earth , I am nothing daunted ; and shall , therefore , despite the political-economist , iht farMng . sliding . stale patriot , and the dread-shower statesman , proceed at once to my purpose , which is to apply details to your principle of reclaiming waste land . Of that land you have in Great Britain and Ireland more than fifteen millions of acres capable of reclamation . It at all events can scarcel y be

      called your own , and is therefore out of the Newcastle principle of doing what you please with it . By its proper appropriation , you not only do not suffer damage , but , on the contrary , I propose to do for you what yen cannot do for yourselves , to make it valuable . I estimate that land at a rent of Is . 4 d . per acre . I calculate that each acre in the outset , taking the tenant ' s house and stock , and means of subsistence , till the land is brought to bear , into account , would require somewhere about £ 7 per acre , or a capital of about £ 100 for every fifteen acres . The fifteen million acres allotted in farms of fifteen acres to one million heads of families , would thusreqmirea cap ital of one hundred millions of pounds sterling to aid theworking communities in their work of reclamation .

      The value of those fifteen millions of acres , at twenty years ' purchase , at a rent of Is . id , per acre , would cost Government £ 120 , 000 , 000 . Now what I propose is , that Government shall purchase the lands from you , say at that rate , and then under proper official management , at ihe head of which should lea Cabinet Minister , to be called the Minister ofAgriculturt , lease those lands at Is . 4 d . per acre , in lots of fifteen acres , with a capital of £ 100 advanced to each tenant , subjecting the tenant to a rent of £ 5 per annum for the land , and the interest of £ 100 at four per cent ., that is £ 1 for land and £ i for interest .

      This sum of £ 130 , 000 , 0001 propose to consolidate into one national fund , which shall stand at a mortgage upon the fifteen millions of acres , and over which the Parliament alone shall hare control ; and that it should not be a transferable stock , or a stock allowed to be made the medium of exchange , barter , or traffic in the Jew ' s temple ; but that the Government shall merely be agent for the fund-holder and fund-payer—receiving from the one and paying to the other . I propose that after the first eleven years the tenant shall yearly pay ten pounds in liquidation of his debt ; thereby liquidating the whole amount at the end of the next ten years , er within the twenty-first ' year of his tenancy ; at the close of which period—twenty-one years —I propose that the tenant shall pay no more than the original chief-rent of Is . 4 d . per acre , and all local taxes ; or a pound per annum for his holding for ever and

      ever , and amen—until some future generattonfin its wisdom ; shall see the State necessity of making the then occupiesihcmselvts ' being parties—pay something more as iheir quota of any national requirement . Now , those who are in love with a national debt as a . bond of union , have it herein the flesh and the spirit ; those who so loudly call out for the cultivation of our waste lands have here the only chance by which their desire , which is improvement and the bettering of the poor man ' s condition , can be simultaneously effected ; iho & c who "feat that population presses too hardly upon the means of subsistence' ? have here the means of obviating that disaster ; those of the school of political economy have here the practical illustration of one of their darling principles—that " when circumstances close up one channel of speculation and industry , other circumstances open another channel ;" those who would gladly find a resting place for the « surplus population , " made such by the substitution of arti .

      The Land. To The Working Classes. Mr Dea...

      ficiaV f & naturariabour , n ' ave ^ ere ^ e'h ^ nour ope n for thetf- f ( i pse ; . who ^ O !^ d ^ d 8 ^ o ; o ^«^ W th ' ey say , ; " ? oiflwi | i ^ $ i |^ extensph ' -bftsrea to ' them ; ; whu " e ^ althougb I ' would much preferthepibreImp rovedfieldfor th ' eeslabligtiment ' of a fre e ^ i ^ jftahuarcl of ^ value ; I haven ? objection ^ pro ; « dw - &^ s fte ' mean £ m ^ ownsalraBonjin ^ the Wore'barren field . ' i : - :: ] ; '" ; Helr ^ wevbave ! ameans of immediately providing ^ for seven * mimpir Byofc pe ^ providing : for '" fifte ^ miilions of p ' e' 6 ple r ; and at the ex . pirauo ' n ^ wenryiopeyea ' rsl the original 'farm ' s ' of fifteen acres each wouUt be ^ a ^ lile ; of being subdmdeu for the families / into farm ' s " dflave ' ares'each , if necessary ! Thus wovd u l « wwitrwastliands / UYeiVEhglandyireland . arid Scotnwai ^ of- tfaemsef ^ milUoVSvitfaffluenc ' eioMfo ' rtl'nWA snlend 6 ur : ftt ' thfi pnd

      ° ^ f ^^ ^ affimkf 6 ftrii . ' : , ; : " f i "' - ""'•'" - " ; T *^ i ? H ^ " « % y ' thispurpose need noYoccupyra ' ore than h-folio'iheet- ' while the differencebetweenTn ' reeJ and-a ^ atf ; per cent . ; if which Government couldeasily raise * n ? . money / ana # „ $ . - per cent . cheerfull y paid by the " labourer ; * yould ' mb ' re ^ thah ' ' cover ail the - expenses ^ of adding a ^ neV ahd ' -necessary department-to the ' state machinery . -Bot jt ie . Td 6 ' visi 6 ( iAKT !'' Tisc 6 MrLiOATED ! BBC * irarCTE ' lStEBl $ ST OF TnE ^ Oo ' lt'fiAW i « ' cbKCEENED ; wftife'ifjtwtondnfa-millions df ^ mdrkere ^ iquiredfor a speculation tc ^ falifloaMgMdgiacriiss 'tie Atlantic , or to make ^ "tunnel / roin •* J ? o « er ; to \ C « tatsY i /<^ s ^ j u ^ tiono to * otl !^' > ? , tfte importation ^/ 'yow ^ 'trooii s / was tft ' e eojeet , every wigVt in ! kfaecindUng drawing 1 % some happy draftman wovld'U . se & nediand aUFOOhislityectiM-overruled by " B < 0 i ^ iff . lHo & tiis ; » '' ftpWtii & gM ^ a $ >> - or ' " AgrV cola '; ' , and " t & e hind woiild beratitoV'in spiteof ' all perils ' bf land and water .

      Now , would you not suppose that that was written for the present day ? That I did not change upon this subject , from 1841 to 1843 , 1 furnish you with the following proof : it is an extract from page 23 of my fanning work , under the head

      WASTE LANDS . "I neferhave contended for the bringing in , as ii is called , and the cultivation of waste lands as a means of affording relief to the working classes . This is a branch of agriculture well worthy the consideration of those who would expend capital in the hope of afair , hay , of a very large return . But innsmuch as it requires an amount of money-capital beyond the reach of the working classes , as far as their interest is concerned I leave it out of the question as a means of bettering them , until such time as an amount of money sufficiently large to assign to each enough to carry on the necessary op & ra'tions shall le raised by a Government loan , and appropriated for that purpose . " . : ' - Are not these prophotic . extracts from the writings of the wild theorist , and .

      Tour faithful servant , Feauous O'Coksok . i P . S . Courtesy to several who have written private letters to me upon the subject of the Land , which I cannot , consistently with my office as director , answer , renders it necessary that all such correspondents should receive this notice as my reply . It would be very unfair that any preconceived notions of mine should induce them to place themselves in a situation that would give them an advantage over

      their brother shareholders . I may , however , state for general information , that the sooner the shares are paid up the sooner will the subscribers be located upon the Land . I have not given a private opinion to any one , nor shall I do so , and while I shall bring my mind wholly unprejudiced to bear upon the general subject , I will nevertheless endeavour in Conference to urge the adoption of such measures as I consider necessary for the protection , success , and satisfaction of the association generally . P . O'C .

      " "' * -" " ¦ '" '—^———^—Il^—Ii^—I———Ms—^Js-^J » Jfomfftt Jntelliseiue*

      " "' * - " " ¦ '" ' —^———^—il ^—ii ^—i———MS—^ jS- ^ J » jfomfftt Jntelliseiue *

      ¦ ' ; ¦:< ¦ /¦ ^. France.. : --"" The Qu...

      ¦ ' ; ¦ : < ¦ /¦ ^ . FRANCE .. : -- "" The question as to the changes in the French Ministry , in consequence of the retirement of Marshal Soult from the office of Minister of War , is at length set at rest .- The Jbfo « i « e « rof Tuesday , publishes several royal decrees on the subject , the first of which releases Marshal Sbult from his duties as War Minister , but retaining his services as President of the Council . The' second appoints Lieut .-General Moline de St . Ton Minister of War ' :. ' . a third appoints the Baron Martineaudes Chehex Under-Secretary of State of the War Department ; afourth raises General ;

      Molinede St . Yon to the dignity of the peerage ; and a fifth appoints General Baron Gazan Director of the personnel and military operations of the Ministry of War , in place of General Moline de St . Yon , and Major-Gencral Count . De la Rue Director of the Affairs of Algeria , in place , of M . Vauchelle , who has giveninhisresignation ; . . " ' - . The Journal des Hlbats publishes accounts from Constantinople of the 23 d ult . ' , announcing that the difference " which had arisen between the Porte and the Ambassador of France on the occasion of the murder of Father Charles in Syria , had been adjusted , and that the Divan had fully acquiesced in the demands of Baron de Bourqueney .

      ' ^ . . a : '¦¦¦;¦' . BELGIUM . Brussklb ,- Tuesdat , Nov . 11 . —This afternoon the Belgian Chambers wore opened with the usual solemnity . The Queen arrived at the Chamber of Representatives first , and . was followed by the young Princes .. In about ten minutes after his Majesty arrived , amidst the enthusiastic cheers of the assemblage . . / The " speech" will be found in full in one of our editorial articles .

      SPAIN . , - The Madrid Gazette publishes a royal ordinance convoking the Cortes on the 15 th of December next . Some extraordinary , changes , which General Nar-\ a « B i & at present making in the army , attract a good deal of notice , and are the cause ef uneasiness in some . quar ' ters . The whole of thegarrison of Madrid , which from being so long stationed in the capital is supposed tobe under the influence of the Court , is to be completely changed , and other regiments are to garrison the place , who are supposed to be more amicably disposed towards the Dictator . The colonels of . several regiments have been removed , and those created by Narvaez placed in their stead . The Madrid naners do not hesitate to attribute these

      changes to theintrigues going on at Court between Christina and Narvaez , which have alarmed the latter ,: and induced him to take steps towards placing the army in such a condition that he might , in case of necessity , depend upon its devotion to his cause . They'ieven go so far as to declare that , should an attempt be made to remove Narvaez from power , he is determined not to resign his dictatorship without a struggle , in which he will call in the assistance of the soldiery—a determination which , if carried into effect ^ yfilf plunge the whole kingdom once more in blood .: The Journal des Debatsha . s the following from Valencia , in Spain : — " In the evening of the 3 rd a

      sergeant and twenty-hve privates of the Giorna Regiment ,, in the barracks at San Francisco , broke into mutiny , attacked the guard , and wounded the commander and two other officers . Having got out , and been joined by some of the citizens , proceeded to assail the barracks of El Pilar ; but being repulsed , and finding their plan defeated , they fled and concealed themselves ; but eighteen of them and some citizens have been found and arrested . In two hours after the revolt tranquillity was restored to the town . General Roncali has , however , declared it to be in a state of siege , and established a general court-martial . "

      Later News . —The disturbances at Valencia are completely , put down . Some attempts at insurrection at Saragossa . are spoken of , and several officers have been arrested , but-no actual outbreak had taken place at the time of our latest accounts ; The country is m a state of great excitement , and the danger of an insurrection is daily increasing .

      SWITZERLAND . The . State Gazette of Lucerne , Of the 1 st inst ( , Contains the following ;— " Last evening , S . Muller , of Stechenzain ; confessed that he had assassinated M . Leu , with a fowling-piece , 'in which he had placed a carbine bullet . He told where he had hid this weapon , * which was found where he pointed out . lie acknowledgedj besides , that he had twice watched M . Xeu . rpr . the purpose of shooting him . This confession agrees with the result of the official

      investigation ; m ueciai'es also that he did not act through a spirit , of vengeance , but from being promised a sum of money , by M . Leu's political enemies . Dr . CassimerFfyffer was arrested immediatelv , by order of Judges d'lhstruction , other arrests have also taken place , and great agitation reigns in tho town Later- accounts state ; that , besides Dr . Pfyffcr several other persons have been arrested as accomplices , as having a guilty knowled ge of the assassination of M . Leu . In consequence of this event , an extraordinary

      ¦ ' ; ¦:< ¦ /¦ ^. France.. : --"" The Qu...

      meeting of the GrancV Council of Lucerne was called for the 3 d of the present'month , at which the judges 'appointed to inquire ih ' to the assassination of M . Leu made a . report of the results of their inquiries ; The council appointed , a committee ^ consisting of nine members , all of whom are declared partisans of the government , to examine into the propositions made ¦ by thejuaes d'instriictioh reh-itive to the case of Dr . Pfyffer . The arrest of Dr . Pfyfier has created ah immense sensation here . ; He is one of the most influential and respected members of the Liberal party , to which his ancestors as well ' as himself have been always attached . He has ; himself occupied the highest offices in the magistracy ' and in the confederation , having-been president of the Court of

      Appeal , and several times elected one of the deputies of his canton . Being a member , of . the Grand Council , his person is , in- ordinary . circumstances , free from ¦ arrest . No member of the Grand Council can be arrested even for crimes , without the authority of the body of which he is a member , ; and in this case that authdiity was given without diffculty by a majority blindly devoted to the government , and always ready to do its behests . No brie here , however , seriously believes hi the guilt of Dr . Pfyffer . His only crime is his liberal opinion ' s ; and for that he is paying the penalty of the accusation . now hanging over his head . So great is the feeling of the inhabitants here in favour of Dr . Pfyffer that the government is under 'the apprehension of a rescue , and it has doubled the ' garrison ' - 'to prevent any " attempt at a movement . It appears that Muller has been subjected to the

      torture to extort from him his charges against Dr . Pfyffer ! * About three m 0 nths ; agb . - 'Muller was , arrestedrand accused of being privy to the murder oi Leu , because he had received a sum of money from Zurich by the post . For two months Muller had no story to tell , and no evidence was brought against him ; but it seems that , in the dungeons of Lucerne , Muller has been , according to the modes of procedure followed in the middle ages , subjected to torture . And the result has been , that he has murmured an affirmative to every question that his inquisitors and torturers asked of him . He has admitted his own guilt , and accused ihe most respectable Liberals and all the opponents of the present Jesuit Government , of having suborned him . The object is obtained in the pretext to cast all these into prison , perhaps to condemn them .

      The Jesuits were solemnly installed in the ancient convent of the Cordelliers at Lucerne on the 1 st , and as if to celebrate their triumph , torture is revived , and innocent men dragged to prison . Surely , thentriumph will not be for long .

      UNITED STATES . Liverpool , Sunday Evening . — The packet-ship , Oxford , Captain Rathbone , arrived in the Mersey from New York this afternoon , bringing advices ol the 16 th ult . Politically they are unimportant , and commercially they are , of course , equally so . It is stated that the Mormons have agreed to emigrate from Illinois in the course of the coining spring , probably to California .

      ALGERIA . The news from Algeria states that Abd-el-Kader lias carried away several of the disaffected tribes from the territory of Algeria , and established them in the Morocco territory , where , according to the French accounts , they are preparing to make war in favour o / Abd-el-Kader against the Emperor of Morocco . There seems to be no doubt that Abd-el-Kader is endeavouring to gather together as many of his old subjects as will follow him , for the purpose of founding a sort of wandering sovereignty within the Morocco frontier . General Lamoriciere was still acting on the defensive , and was waiting for the arrival of Marshal Bugeaud before advancing upon the enemy .

      Later News . —Letters have been received in Paris which state that five tribes have revolted in Morocco , and openly espoused the cause of Abd-el-Kader . On the other hand Marshal Bugeaud is acting with a severity and a determination that throw into the shade all his previous doings . The razzias , the wholesale devastation , spoliation , and , it is supposed , extermination , he is performing and contemplates , will appal the stoutest heart . With the means he possesses , and which will be immensely increased , it is hardly possible that he can fail to impose French rule once more in Algeria .

      HORRIBLE CATASTROPHES N CHINA . The New Brunsivicker , a Canadian paper , of the 25 th of September , on the authority of accounts from Canton , to the 5 th of June , arrived at New York by the ship Rainbow , states , that on Sunday , May 25 th , a the broke out in the theatre at Canton , by which 1 , 257 persons , including 52 actors , lost their lives , being burned to death or killed by the falling building and materials , and 2 , 100 persons were wounded . ' On the day following the fire , 30 more persons were killed by the fall of a ruined wall . A similar accident happened at the same theatre about thirty years ago .

      The authority cited is the Friend of China , of the 31 st ofMay . The same paper adds , on hearsay , that the number of lives lost would be upwards of 2 , 000 ; and adds the following brief description of astill niore horrible calamity— " Information of a worse calamity than the loss of 1 , 400 or 2 , 000 lives , by firej ha » reached us from China . We hear of a great earthquake in the province of Honan . Accounts have been received at Canton of a great earthquake , which had demolished about 10 , 000 houses , and lulled upwards of 4 , 000 inhabitants . Honan is situated about the centre of China . We have information of this fact without any explanation or detail whatever . "

      . THE CAUCASUS . ANOTHER SANGUINARY BATTLE . TnuBisoND , Oct . 11 . —Our letters from the Caucasus are to the 7 th of October ( by way of Tiflis and RedutKaleh . ) A sanguinary battle was fought on the 28 th of September , in the Daghestan , near the Russian fortress Wuesapuo , on the right bank of the river Kamboulat . A Russian convoy was proceeding from Gotselaul of Temyr-Chautschoura to supply the latter fortress with ammunition and provisions , of which the garrison was much in want , all communication having been intercepted during several weeks by numerous bands of Tschetschenses and Lesgians , who occupied the upper valley of the Soulak , whilst the mountaineers of the east of

      Daghestan intercepted the roads which lead from Temyr-Chautschoura to Geli and to Nisowa , on the banks of the Caspian Sea . General Freytag , who commands atGoaselaul , caused the great convoy , composed of 300 mules and TOO draught horses , to be escorted by four battalions of infantry , six pieces of cannon , and 600 Cossacks . Schamyl , who at present inhabits Aoul-Bouternsa , having been apprised by his spies of the departure of this convoy , assembled in the greatest haste his warriors of the tribes of the great T 8 chetschnagea , and despatched his zealous partisan , the Naib Hadj-Mahoma , with all his cavalry , towards Wuesapuo ; whilst he himself , with several thousand infantry proceeded to the valley of the Saulah .

      Hadj-Mahoma attacked the Russian convoy with 2 , 000 cavalry , at the moment it was crossing the Kamboulat , within sight of the fortress of Wuesapuo . A furious engagement ensued on the right rank . The Tschetschenses cavalry overthrew the Russian infantay which had crossed the river , and sabred several companies to a man . The Circassians never showed more spirit . The garrison of the fortress came to the aid of the escort , arid forced the mountaineers by the fire of their artillery to retreat , —But more than 400 beasts of burden which could not cross the river were earned off to the mountains . Hadj-Mahoma in this affair made a considerable capture of ammunition , of which Schamyl was in the greatest need .

      . Italian Despotism. Clara Novello Has B...

      . ITALIAN DESPOTISM . Clara Novello has Been the prima donna for the last half of the carnival . Home and Genoa had both engaged her for the season , and hence when each claimed her there Was a collision . The two Governments took it up , and finally it was referred to the Pope . It was a matter of some con » equence to his Holiness where the sweet singer should open her mouth for the season . In his magnanimity he decided that she should stay at Rome . The managers , however , compromised the matter by each city having her half the time . She had formerly heen exceedingly popular here , but contrary to the will of the chief bass singer and the leader of the orchestra , she attempted , at her first appearance , an air unsuited . to her voice , nnd which she was told she could not perform . Of course she failed , and was slightly hissed . Her English

      blood mounted at so unequivocal a demonstration of their opinion of her singing , and , Dido-like , bowing haughtily to the crowd , she turned her back on the audience and walked off the stage . The tenor and the bass both stopped—the orchestra—indeed all stopped , except the hissing , which waxed louder every moment . She was immediately taken to her rooms by the police of the city , and for three days the gens-d ' armes stood night and day at her door , keeping the fair singer a prisoner for her misconduct . This is a fair illustration of this Government . Even an opera singer cannot pout without having the gens-d ' armes after her . On the promise of good behaviour , she was released from confinement , and again appeared on the stage , where the good-natured , music-loving Italians hailed her appearance with deafening cheers , and repaid their want of gallantry with excess of applause . Poor Clara Novello is not the iirst who has suffered from the tyranny of this military despotism , The other day I went to see the first painter of Genoa , lie is a young man , modest , amiable , and courteous—so much

      . Italian Despotism. Clara Novello Has B...

      • or & TtT ^^ became : immediately deeply interested in him . Hia hame is Isola . t He , too , bad f » U « n wee under the bin of the Government . Like , all gentiues , he love g liberty , and the first greatbistorical . ^ iece he painted , and on which he designed to ^ base ' -his ^ . laim to be ranked amongst the first artists of his courit ^ was a representation of the last great stfugglSflenoa ' madelfor freedom . He showed-rue the design : ' intiie foreground with his horse fallen under him , struggled tlie _ foreign governor ^ , that had been imposed on the people , jwhile ^ the . excited [ muHitude ' wefe raining stones and missiles on him , and ,.,, trampling > im ' under , foot . Farther back , ' and elevated f

      on the canvass , stood the Marquis of Spinola , cheering . on . the people , one hand grasping ' the sword , th e . other ; waving ' ,., aloft the flag of freedom . . Excited mqn were ' running •• : hither and thither , through crowded streets , and all , the bustle and hurry of a . iieayyifigh ^ W ' e ^ 'rthrown ; uppn th ' e ^ r canvass , it was a spirited " sketch , and onealmoBt seemed ^ to hear ' the ba ^ tpry . tiich a picture immediateiy ' made a nois ' e ! in . ' GenoaJ . J J where yet slumber the elemeh ' ts . ' of iarepubl / 6 , ? T ^ waS"f / finished and admired by all / and ^ treasured by the " painter . But one day , while Uola was UUbg befor ^ Ut ; contemplating his ' work ^ mdVthinidng what cprr might , be made , ' h « s . door . wasbnrst " open . ' and 4 ^

      darmes stood before him . " , Seizing the picture Before his eyes , they raarcheufhim ^ the crime of having pamtedhircounYry ' bat ^ rights . / The painting was ' locicedyup ^ n «^ om . ^ i | ieJtg Government , where it has eyeFsuice ^ eniame ^ j £ lSOUtYwas carried ; between . , two . ' genBi ' aiinwJa ^ hu ^ dred' ^ d ^ twenty miles , to Turin , and tbrowninto ^ jion ^ , -ne was ^ finally released , but his " piutureVe ^ ihslu ^ key ; The Government ,, . horejer ^ ' ^ i ' in ) . ' its niag- " , j nanimity condescended . to . , pepdtjrthe ! artfet ' to " seil , i ' t ^ to any one who , will carryjt joafao / thel wunhy ^ Letiers ^ from Italy . . ; \ . .. ^ j . ^ ^ Q q ^ ^ ~ X ~ ¦ t ^ ttsss lLlLl- i . .. _ t ^ * _ ' 'Ala tn 5

      Crat Ofj I^Ttttif &Lt;U

      Crat ofj i ^ ttttif < u

      Association ok .. the ilMiED Trades , —The Central Oonuni ^ Md - ' a ' . ' jaegftftf artheTrauiS'icinW 30 ^ Hyde ^ street , Bloom 8 b ' urylt , on , Monday ^ 'Noyemlii * '• , 10 th , -Ti ^ : imm mb ^^ . * A ^ , WWhwSS ^ great ' number of letters ' wferfi read f ^ iutl ^ Hb'W ^ Association ' , amongst ' 'ofheTs > < b nVfrtnnHtte ~ Nbr &^ < of the ; operative ¦ " C ^ pei ^ l &^^^ iKSaaSHDi ^ K : ' ^ bearing the official adhe ' sidrTbi'Mtrhody'to'ttfe'iAls ^ ciated Tradesi , and statm | jfliSta ; M'bf . tHefiy ^» ii v bevs had already paid ^»^^^ iiS ^^ i ^ imt and that

      as soon ' as' ? tnT ^ b ^ wp ^ w amountshould be forwarded to the central committee . Letters , containing their official adhesion ; was also read from the Hydraulic Pressors , Warehousemen , Packers , Makers-up , and Callenderers of Manchester ; also from the Horse Nail-makers of Worcester , the ; Framework-knitters of Loughborough , arid the Carpenters and Joiners of Bristol . The Carpenters and Joinersof Leeds also forwarded a request to be sup- ' ' plied with the rules and every information , as they are about to hold a meeting in that town on the 17 th instant , to consider the propriety of joining the Association . At the conclusion of the business of the ; Central Committee , the CentralCommittee and Board of Directors held a joint meeting , according " .. ' to a previous arrangement made for ' that nuroose . at ''

      winch the president ( T . S . Duhcorabe , Esq ,, M . P . ) expressed his great pleasure to find both Associations making such sure and rapid progress , and thought he could not find a better opportunity than the present , when they had assembled to consider their present position and future prospects , ' to announce'his determination of becoming a shareholder to the extent of one hundred shares in the Association for the Employment of Labour . He need scarce add the great interest he felt in the continued success of both Associations , and thought it was only necessary . that the Central Committee and Board of Directors should work harmoniously together to secure the full and entire success of both Associations . A report of the proceedings and prospects of both Associations , of a cheering and promising nature , having been submitted to the

      meeting , and some instructions of a general nature having been agreed to , as regards the lecturer , the meeting broke up highly satisfied with tlw > good understanding that prevailed between the two Associations , and the bright prospects of success . Cigar Makers Mutual Association . —A very numerous meeting of the above body was held at the Social-hall , "Whitechapel , on Thursday evening , November 13 th , to take into consideration the propriety of joining the Association of United Trades ' . Mr . J . A . Davies on taking the chair briefly stated , the objects for which the meeting was convened , and called on Mr . James , of the central committee of United Trades ' , who rose and gave a most lucid explanation of the origin , progress , and objects of the association . Several questions was then put . to aud

      answered by Mr . James . Mr . Robson , one of the board of directors of the Association for tbe employment of Labour in Agriculture and Manufactures , rose and in most eloquent terms pointed out the evils resulting from a surplus of labour , in tho market , and the great good that must result from the employment of such surplus on the Land , or in manufactures , for their own benefit and advantage . Mr . Robson , like his colleague Mr . James , was listened to with breathless attention , and if we may judge from the enthusiastic plaudits with which Mr . Uobson was greeted at the close of his address , the Land question is very populareven with the Cigar Makers of London . The thanks of the meeting , were , unanimously awarded to the delegates / and the chairman , on-behalf of the body , undertook to forward the result of their deliberations to tho secretary of the United Trades'

      Association . " - The Miners of Bilsion io the Inuabkasts OJ BiLsiojf and lis . surrounding Districts . — -Gentlemen and Fellow Workmen , —It is with much pain that we have to make this short appeal to you , but we can assure you sheer necessity has compelled us to do so ; we feel confident that you , the inhabitants of Bilston , are no strangers to our manifold grievances as a body of Miners . While our trade was low we suffered our wrongs with patience , but now our masters have a great demand in the market , for bota coal and iron , and yet they are not content , but ztill scent determined to carry out what they , the masters , call'a custom—that is , if we do not submit to their usages ,- however opposed to law or justice , we , the weaker portion of men , must suffer a length of

      imnrisonment in ( Stafford Gaol ; but we feel confident in your respect forms , as a body of Miners , that you will at this time help uBj if we will help ourselves ' , which we feel determined to do . Gentlemen , we have already two of our fellow slaves lying in Stafford Gaol , simply because one would not submit to the tyranny , of the butties , who was told to go up the pit and never come down there any more ; the other man gave notice for an advance of wages , to , which his master would not consent , he therefore sought work elsewhere , and for this they were brought before the magistratesand ordered to go back or suffer fourteen days' hard labour in Stafford Gaol ; wa therefore hope the discerning public will assist the committee with the required fund to bring the case before the Queen ' s Bench . We hope the tradesmen generally will help us , as we all have one common grievance . The committee will send out parties to receive what

      you are willing to give . Caution—Each collecting party will be furnished by the committee with books and cards , priated with red ink . We are , yours respectfully , The Miners' Committee . — Bilston , October 27 th , 1845 . —Subscriptions will be thankfully received at Mr . J . Linney ' s , White florae , and at Mr . H . Howe's , Sampson and Lion , Green-croft . The Wigan Miners held the third Anniversary « f their union at the . house of Mr . John Marsh , the Queen Ann Inn , Dean Church , Nov . 7 th , when about two hundred of the hardy sons of the mine sat down to a good substantial dinner of roast beef and plum pudding . When the cloth was removed , Mr . Henry Dentietj ' Mr . Robert Marsh , and Mr . Charles Parkinson ; -Agents of the Miners' Association shortl y addressed the company . After which , singing and dancing commenced and was continued till a late hour .

      Bowon Minebs —On Friday , November 7 th , about five hundred » f the hardy sons of the mine met at the bouse of Mr . Thomas Telford , the Fleece Inn , and at Mr . John Lever ' s , near the Bull and Wharf , to celebrate the third anniversary of their union . After regaling themselves with good roast beef and plum pudding , W . P . Roberts , Esq ., the Miners' Attorney-General , was called on to preside over the meeting The chairman opened the meeting in his usual eloquent and impressive manner . He dwelt chiefly on the benefits that the working , classes , and particularly the Miners , derived from being united together for the protection of labour and the protection of the law . The meeting was afterwards addressed by Messrs . Finallj Dennett , and Parkinson . Singing and dancing afterwards caomenced , nnd continued till about eleven o ' clock , when each retired well satisfied .

      Distressing Casb.—On Tuesday Morning Ala...

      Distressing Casb . —On Tuesday morning alad who . gave his name James Clements , nine years of age , was brought into St . Bartholomew ' s Hospital in consequence of his having sustained the fractura of both his legs . From the ' statement of one of the draymen belonging to the firm of Messrs .. Reid , it appeared that he had for several weeks past been observed lurking about the dray-yard , . andalthough he had been repeatedly driven away , he nevertheless persisted in making their establishment his principal abode ; and he has been frequently found in the morning fast asleep at the bottom of the carts and WflggOnS . Ho was at length questioned ' as to the residence of his parents , when he replied ; that he had no father ; that his mother who resided at No . 32 , Frederick-street , Bagnigge-wells-road ,-. - about six weeks sold

      smce all the furniture , and , . taking him out at night , left himin the street , and he had not since seen or heard anything whatever of her . Ho ( the drayman ) had several times caused the lad to be taken to the workhonse , but as he was invariably discharged therefrom the following morning , he was ; sure to pay his usual visit to the brewery , . where he received from the men scraps of victuals * upon * which he had managed chiefly to subsist . ; . Yesterdayj . 'hbwcver , somo other boys contrived to obtain an entrance into the dray-yard , ' and whilst the boy . Clements was assisting them to raise the shafts of one of the dray * the others , suddenly ran away , and . the raised shaftsfalling upon the unfortunate lad , inflicted uponihim the serious injury above . mentioned . -.. The : youthful patient is doing as well as can be : expected . H • .

  • Citation
    • Northern Star (1837-1852), Nov. 15, 1845, page 1, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse.ac.uk/periodicals/ns/issues/ns2_15111845/page/1/