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    WT4 . T «„,.« NoyillBER 15, 1845. ivg:»....

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    ~ "i^^Sforptirraut*

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    ^ tt^Ttw^seIl tI^ Ot THE WSEAS^Ai ^^ cRO...

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    THE POTATOE DlSTJiMPEJK, UN IKElAND. Thi...

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    General Melitgeuce,

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    •¦New'Christmas Book, 1 ,m: Ciurmht Dick...

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    .-- ----::y-.- . ; ;. ; . CSartfet InteHipwc

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    LONDON. Lecture by F. O'Connor, Esq.- *'...

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  • Note: This text has been automatically extracted via Optical Character Recognition (OCR) software. The text has not been manually corrected and should not be relied on to be an accurate representation of the item.

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    Wt4 . T «„,.« Noyillber 15, 1845. Ivg:»....

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    ~ "I^^Sforptirraut*

    ~ "i ^^ Sforptirraut *

    ^ Tt^Ttw^Seil Ti^ Ot The Wseas^Ai ^^ Cro...

    ^ tt ^ Ttw ^ seIl tI ^ Ot THE WSEAS ^ Ai ^^ cROp i p . psb Bead bbtobe the Iovjsbpool Litebam J roJfHttOsOFHicAi . SociBTy , Octob « 20 ih . Bv Thouas Babes .

    ( Concludedfrom the " Star" of Nov . mj Jfonng now described what I believe to be the easiest and the cheapest method of turning every thing in the existing crop to the best advantage , I proceed to consider what are the probable causes of this disease , and what are the btst methods of preventing it in future . The general opinion seems to be that the present disease is altogether new , but that opinion is by no means supported by facts . About three years ago , a disease of precisely the same nature existed in many parts of South Lancashire , though not to the same extent . Many of the crops at that time were found , when taken up , to be half decayed , and large quantities of potatoes , which were sound when taken no .

    rotted in the pits . I believe that the wider extant of the destruction this year is owing to the circumstance of the season having been one of the wettest and coldest ever known , and therefore one of the most nnfavourable to vegetation of all kinds , except that of mere green herbage . The members of the Society ¦ will remember that the winter and spring were intensely severe , and that frost continued until the end ef Mareh . After it had left us , we had a period of extremely dry and cold weather , during which vegetation made no progress . Then rain commenced , and continued almost without intermission , through the months of July and August , suddenly throwing up an immense vegetation . This vegetation was checked in the midst of its growth by unusually cold weather

    in the month of July atthe time when the ground was fall of moisture . With . one short interval , we have had a prevalence of rain ever since , and on the night of the 23 rd and 24 th of September , the frost was so severe in many parts of England and Ireland as to kill the top of the potatoe , and thus to put a sudden stop to their growth . A more unfavourable season for the growth of the potatoe than the present Cannot be conceived , and titer * is not the slightest reason to wonder that the continued cold and wet , and the sudden checks given to the plant in the vigor of its growth , should have left itin a very feeble state , nnd even have destroyed its tubers , on wet or pariaally drained lands . The above opinion is strongly confirmed by the facts stated on this subject by the Count Deisaux Devillesur-Arche , formerly manager of the royal parks and gardens in France , who has published an interesting

    account oi the growth of his own potatoe crops , during the present season , for a copy of which I am indebted to my friend" and fellow-cultivator Mr Johnstone , the Belgium Consul in this port . The Count , --after tracing the progress both of his early and late crops , says : — " It is evident , f rom these facts , that the first symptoms of the malady did not show themselves ( in France ) until after the very hot days and the very cold nights of June . The extreme heat of the day , accompanied by an ardent sun , produced a very rapid ascent of the sap of the plant and te this movement succeeded the cold of an icy night , which precipitated ihe sap with violence to the root of the plant . These sudden changes , " he adds , " produced the same effects on the stems and leaves of the potatoes , which the last days of October produce on the maturity of the plants , which they hasten in some cases , force in others , or disorganise even in the midst of totally active vegetation . "

    At the same time , however , that I believe tho unfavonrable weather of the present season to have been one principal cause of the existing disease of the potatoe crop , I feel strongly persuaded that it is not the only one , and though 1 entertain confident hopes that the disease will be much less next year , if the teason should be better , and if it should le found possible to preserve ike seed in a healthy state until nm spring , I yet fear that the cultivation of the potatoe will never be free from serious casualties imless much greater pains are taken than at present in raisingand obtaining from the native country of ihepbtatoe newvarieties to supply the place of those which are wearing out , in storing the seed with greater care during the winter months , and , above

    alL in morethoronghly draining all lands on which tiie potatoe is grown . Even after all these precau tions have been adopted , it is possible that the crop may occasionally fail in unfavourable seasons and unsuitable soils , but still I believe , from my own experience and that of others , that by proper precautions the evil may be greatly diminished . In the animal kingdom we have seen many of the most frightful diseases either banished from the more civilised countries of Europe , or rendered comparatively harmless by the adoption of improved habits on the part of the people , and vegetable life may alse be secured from many evils by proper precautions . As the leprosy is unknown in Western Europe atthe present day ; astheseurvy whichformerlyannihilated

    the crews oi whole fleets , is hardly heard of ; as the " Englishman's disease , " the sweating sickness , the terror of our ancestors , is forgotten ; as the remembrance of the Oriental pi ague , as it once existed in this country , is only preserved in the vivid pages of Defoe ; and as the cholera , the desolator of whole realms has , within our own recollection passed over this country , striking down fewer victims in its course than many of our ordinary diseases , so we may confidently antielnate , if equal pains are taken to protect vegetabfelife from the causes of disease , that it will triumph over many of the maladies which at present sweep away the food of nations , and spread famine over the earth . In adopting precautions for ihe attainment < f that object , we shall be much

    assisted bj considering what are the habits of the plants which we cultivate for the purposes of food , both in theirnatural and artificial state , and by looking out diligently for the causes of the different diseases to which they are subject . Whether the potatoe is a native of Virginia , as is generally supposed , or whether it was obtained from the Spaniards settled in South America , ( possibly by way of Virginia *) it is certain thatit exists at the present day in astate of nature on the west coast of SouthAmeiica from the latitude of Valparaiso to the ChunosIslandSjlyingtothesouth of the great Island of Chilee . The best observations on the wild potatoe with which I am acquainted , are those of Mr . Darwin , the naturalist of the Expedition round the "World ,

    made la the surveying ship Beagle , Iu the yeara " 1833-45 . In Mr . Darwin ' s account of the Islands of the Chunos Arcnipeligo , which he visited in the month of January , ( the midsummer of those latitudes ) , of 1835 , after describing the climate of the whole group as excessively bad , and stating that the rain f alls there " every day in winter and almost every day in summer , " he gives the followingaccount of the wild potatoe , which appears to flourish on the sandy soils of that ungenial climate : — " The wild potatoe grows in these islands in great abundance , on the sandy , shelly soil near the sea-Iwach . The tallest plant was four feet in height . The tubers were generally small , but I found one of an oval shape , two incheain diameter ; they resem bled in every respect and had the same smell as

    English potatoes ; but when boiled they shrunk much , and were watery and insipid , without any bitter taste . They are undoubtedly here indigenous : they grow as iar south , according to Mr . Low , as latitude . 50 deg . and are called Aquinas hy the wild Indians of that part ; the Chilotan Indians have a different name for them . Professor Eenslow , who has examined the dried specimens which I brought home , says that they are the same with those described by Mr . Sabine , from Valparaiso , but that they form a variety which by some botanists has been considered as specifically distinct . It is remarkable that the same plant should be found on the sterile mountains of central Chiloe , where a drop of rain does not fall for more than six months , and within the damp forests ol these Southern islands . *'

    The chief points which result from the above . accountseem to be the following—First , that the potatoe , in a natural state , is capable . . of enduring almost any degree of wetness or dryness , when growing on a suitable , that is to say , on a sandy or open soil . Second , that its natural habitat is " in a sandy light ground . And third , that its tubers , when in a state of nature , are exceedingly small , their enlargement being the result of cultivation . In its cultivated state , the potatoe seems to retain many of its original characteristics , and especially to like a sandy or otherwise open soil , and a moist climate . It seems , indeed , to be rather benefitted than injured by an abundant supply of moisture , provided it is not allowed to stagnate in the ground , as is proved by the

    great success with which it has been cultivated on the generally light soils of Ireland , on the decomposed Ted rock of South Lancashire , and on the arenaceous sea sands of the Lawasbire coast ,. and of East and WestFlanders . The object of the present culture of ihe potatoe in Europe u to improve the tuber as much as possible both in size and quality , and the effect of that culture has been toincrease that part of the plant to eight or ^ 2 ? m size - Tne consequence of this h asbe ^ totiirowttegreaterpartofthestreag thofthe plant into the tubers ; in many instances to reduce leaves and stems to less than half the size of the wild potatoe described by Mr Darwin ; and - ^ me to prevent the formation of potatoe anni « r « t . ;„ i , . „* ,

    the proper seed of the plant . In the fine mealy potatoe so well known in Lancashire as the pink eye and vrtucu the late Mr . Loudon described as the ' best potatoe ever eaten by him , the foliage has become so small that it has for several years been known by the name of the short top , whilst the apples have disap peared altogether . Contemporaneously with these changes , there has been constantly increasing diffi-« J « y . m growing the pink eyes , which are rapidly betiH eWL P ' * evident & om this cbrcumstanre Se 8 w £ * - «**»««« * to Pofetoe fir the pu £ *">» wSLl w ^ - ^' » " ** its growth ^ e ^ ESr xt the - end to destr ° y the ^ y wu tifafca in & ¥ T l l eties of Potatoes for-^ ff ' «« ifffa ? , haTO thus been worn « W * T « ta ? SS-B * S ?**««* w ^ this «¦ we not giving unequivocal

    ^ Tt^Ttw^Seil Ti^ Ot The Wseas^Ai ^^ Cro...

    proofs " of weakness by ceasing to produce the apples er balli in the abundance in which they produced them formerly . - I mention these facts for two purposes—first , for that of showing that the potatoe , as now cultivated , is not in a natural state , and therefore that like all highly-fed plants or animals , it is subject to a variety of diseases' to which" it is not subject in its natural state , and second , for the purpose of showing the necessity of continually raising new varieties from seed at home , and of introducing others from abroad . I see that at the

    meeting of the York Agricultural Society , held last week , Mr . Paxton strongly urged the necessity of raising new varieties on the ground that the older varieties were suffering more from the disease than the now ones , and it" will be seen that Baron Humboldt , in a passage of the admirable Essay from which I have quoted above , not only recommends that , but also the importation of new varieties from South America , the native country of the potatoc : —» " ' On this subject , Baron Humboldt , in the passage which immediately follows that which I have quoted above , on the formation of chuno , says : —

    "It would be still of greater importance to procure the seed of the potatoes cultivated at Quito and on the plain of Santa Fe . I have seen them of aspherical form of more than three decimetres ( from 12 to 13 inches ) in diameter , and of a much better taste than any in our continent . We know that certain herbaceous plants which have been long multiplied from the roots degenerate in the end , especially when the bad custom is followed of cutting the roots" into several pieces . It has been proved by experience in several parts of . Germany , that of all the" potatoes , those which grow from the seed are the most savoury . We may ameliorate the species by collecting the seed in its native country , and by choosing , on the Cordillera of the Andes , the varieties which are most recommendable from their volume and the savour of

    their roots . We have long possessed in Europe a potatoe which is known by agricultural writers under the name of red potatoe of Bedfordshire , and of which the tubercles weigh more than a kilogramme ; but this variety ( conglomerated potatoe ) is of an insipid taste , and can almost be applied only to feed cattle , while thejpapa ebogota , which contains less water is very farinaceous , contains very little sugar , and is of an extremely agreeable taste . " At the time when the whole of the west coast of South America was under the jealous government of Spain , and when . the only means of intercourse with Europe was round Cape Horn , these suggestions might have been difficult to carry into effect , but no such difficulty exists now when ail the ports on the west coast of South America are not only open , but

    are visited by the steamers of the Pacific Company which ply in connection with the West India Mail Packets . In the spring of the present year the steamers of the latter line brought many tons of potatoes from Bermuda , in excellent condition , in the ordinary course of trade . There can surely , therefore , be no difficulty in obtaining a supply of seed potatoes from countries not much more distant . The varieties grown on the plain of Santa F 6 de Bogota , ofwhichBaronHumboldt speaks so highly , might possibly be shipped in some of the ports of tlieKepublic of New Granada , in the Gulf of Mexico , and thosegrown in the plain of Quito , might be brought by the Peruvian steamers to Panama , and be carried across the Isthmus to Chagres , where the West India steamers communicate with the Pacific line . The

    climate of the plain of Quito greatly resembles that of the finest parts of Europe , and there is every reason to think thatpofatoe seed brought from there would grow at least as well as that raisen in the gardens of the Horticultural Society from the plants forwarded by Mr . Caldeleugh from the arid valleys of Central Chili . There will now be from five to six months before the new seed will be required , and if the influence of the Government was used , through its consular agents at Bogota and Quito , a sufficient supply of seed might easily be obtained before that time , to try theexperimentsuggestedby Baron Humboldt . Thepotatoes of Santa Fe ; and Quito are described by that most accurate observer as both larger and better than any of the varieties which we have in this country , and they would probably be very valuable in themselves ,

    independent of the security which they would give us for a complete change of seed . Another great cause of disease in the potatoe crop is the careless manner in which the seed potatoes are kept . From too great warmth in the heaps , they generally vegetate too soon , and when this is the case , the sprouts are usually rubbed off . This produces a double evil . First , it deprives the plant of the central sprout , which is the strongest , and therefore comes out the first ; and second , it wastes and exhausts the saccharine and farinaceous substance of the seed , which is the sole support of the voung plant in the early part of its growth .. The mischief done by carelessness in this respect is incalculable . When seed potatoes are kept in the manner which Ihave described above , this seldom occurs .

    But neither these nor any other means will prevent thefrequent recurrence of disease amongst thepotatoe so long as the land remains so imperfectly drained as it is at present . One chief cause of the failure of this crop , both in the British Islands and on the continent , 1 believe to be the want of efficient drainage , greatly aggravated / this season , by excessive and unusual wet and cold weather . In ordinary seasons draining is not so essential [ on the continent as it is in England , Scotland , and Ireland , owing to the comparative dryness of the climate , but this year the . North of France , the Netherlands , Germany , and Poland , have been as heavily deluged with rain as the British Islands , and as their natural drainage from streams and rivers is less rapid than ours , and their artificial drainage greatly inferior to it , except

    in some small districts of Holland and Flanders , the potatoe crops on the continent have been more weakened by the excessive wetness and coldness of the season than ours , and the destruction has been more complete . In theBritishlslands , the drainage though still miserably deficient , is superior to that of the greater part of the continent , and in some cases it is perfect , the drains being sufficient for their great purpose of causing the rain as it falls , and the waters of the springs as they rise , to pass away immediately , without ever remainingto chill and sodden the ground . Without asserting that the circumstances of land being thus , drained will , in every instance , have saved the crop , I confidently state thatit has done it in many . On the three farms with which T am connected , which have been so

    thoroughly dramedfor many years , the water 5 s never seen to remain upon them in the wettest , weather , upwards of forty acres of potatoes have been grown this year with perfect success . They are all quite sound , with the exception of three drills , grown in a natural hollow in the middle of one field . This we haveneveryetsucceededinlaying quite dry . Before it was broken up there was aline of rushes along the hollow , though there was not another rush to be found Jh the field , and about the first week in September , this year ; thetopsofthesethree drills withered away , ' although on both sides of them , and throughout the whole of the fourteen acres ofwhich the field consists , there was not anothar spot where the tops of the potatoes did not continue to grow in the most luxu- i riant manner until the night of the 25 th September ,

    when they were cut down by the frost , along with the tops of nearly the whole of the potatoes then growing in South . Lancashire . The treatment oi' the drills of potatoes which thus withered away three weeks before the others was in every respect the same as that of the rest of the field , and I neither know nor can conceive any reason , except the wetness of the ground , why they did not . continue to grow as long and prove as good as the others . The facts above mentioned are not solitary cases of the beneficial results of clear draining . At the last meeting of the Poor-law Guardians of the Fermoy Union , in the county of Cork , a report was read by the Earl of Mountcashel , drawn up by his steward , showing the extent to which the disease exists on the different soils on his Lordship's land ,

    from which it appears that . one-third of the crop is diseased on the mountain land , with a stiff , wet subsoil ; one-fourth on the mountain land , with , a gravelly subsoil ; and , only one-fiftieth part " on the sound dry soil between the new and old Mitchelstown-road . " In-the latter case the disease had only gone one-eighth of an inch into the potatoes , whilst in the other it had gone one-fourth . It would be difficult to find any where a stonger proof of the effect which the dryness of the soil has in checking the disease than is presented by these facts . Mr . Harold Littledale informs me that the potatoes grown on his farm at Liscard , near this town , are perfectly sound this year , although some of them are grown on land which is naturally very stiff , but which , from having ^ been drained some years ago , and having always been worked skilfully , now seems

    to answer almost as well for growing potatoes even as the sandy soils in the same neighbourhood . I have also heard of an instance of an unusually large crop of perfectly sound potatoes grown at Litheriand this year , after subsoil ploughing , and I believe that about Wallasey , in Cheshire , and Southport , in Lancashire , where the ground is open , sandy , and drained by nature , there is no failure or disease in the crops . Therefore , though I would not venture to assert that potatoes will always grow well in extremely wet seasons in stiff soil , even after thorough draining , yet the facts which I have stated appear to me to prove clearly , that thorough draining , in this , as in most other cases , had an immense influence , having enabled the potatoe plant , in many instances , not only to resist the unusual wet and cold , but to do well in what has probably been the worst season for their growth that has occurred during the last thirty vpars .

    The Potatoe Dlstjimpejk, Un Ikeland. Thi...

    THE POTATOE DlSTJiMPEJK , UN IKElAND . Third Report or the Commissioners . —The indefatigable trio ef Potatoe Commissioners have preseateda third report to the Lord Lieutenant upon the subject of their inquiries into the state of the crop . This document , as well as its predecessor , is somewhat prolix and not remarkable for the novelty of its suggestions , many ofwhich have been already laid before the public , unencumbered with the multiplicity of directions which overload the present report , and , therefore , being less complex , . better adapted to the tastes of a people who are now by an

    The Potatoe Dlstjimpejk, Un Ikeland. Thi...

    unexpected calamity called upon for the first time to follow a course of treatment foreign to their old and cherished customs . —Subjoined is the report : — - '' ¦ " * - i " abvicb concerning '' thb potatoe ckbp' io thb

    FARMERS AM ) TO THE PSASANKIV OF IRELAND / "The dreadful 'disease that has attacked your potatoes is one , the effects ofwhich you can only stop by strict attention to the advice of those interested in your welfare . Many plans have' been proposed ; and , after examining them all , werecommend the following asthebest . . . "All competent persons are of opinion that the first things to bear in mind are the following directions : — " 1 . Dig your potatoes in dry weather , if you can ; and if you cannot , get them dry somehow as " fast as you can . "V" ^' ' . ' ¦"¦¦' " 2 . Keep them dry and cool . ' ., // . ; :: ' ¦ . " 3 . Keep the bad potatoes separate from ; 'the good . " 4 . Do net pit your potatoes , as you have been accustomed to do in former years .

    " 5 . Recollect that if they get damp nothing can make them keep ; and do not consider them dry unless the mould which sticks to them is like dust . " 6 . Do not take them into your houses , unless you want them for immediate use . "Digging and Drying . —As you dig the potatoes , leave them in the sun all day , . and , if you can , throw them upon straw , turning them over two or three times . At night you may gather them together and cover them with straw , so as to keep off frost . Next day take off the straw , spread them out , and g ive them the sun again . Do this for three days running , if the weather permit . If yon put straw enough upon them at night , they will not suffer . "If the weather be unfavourable , and you have a dry loft or outhouse large enough to hold them , you may spread them thinly on the floor , allowing a free circulation of air , so as to dry them there . " They must be got dry .

    "Sorting the Potatoes . —As soon as they are dry you must sort them . Pick them one by one , and put in one heap the very bad ones , in another those which are not so bad , and in a third those that are sound . Treat the bad potatoes as shall afterwards be directed , and store the sound ones according to the directions given in the next paragraph . . You will know the very bad potatoes by their unpleasant smell , and the second set by their skin looking brown , or dull , and not bright , as it generally does . A very little practice will teach you how to distinguish . thero easily from each other . '¦•¦'' . " Storing . —When the potatoes are quite dry , and well sorted , proceed to store them thus : —Mark out on the sround a soace six feet wide , and as long as

    you please . Dig a shallow trench two feet wide all round , and throw the mould upon the space , then level it aad cover it over with a floor of turf-sods , set on their edges . . On this sift or spread , very thinly , the dry mixtures , or any of the dry materials described below , and which you may call packing stuff . Also , get some dry slacked lime , and dust all the potatoes with it as well as you can . Then nut one row of turf-sods , laid flat , on the top of the Boor , all round the sides , so as to form a broad edge , and within this spread the dry potatoes , mixed Well with packing stuff , so as not to touch one another . When you have covered the floor in this manner up to the top of the sods , lay another row of sods all round the first , so that half of each sod may rest on the bed of potatoes , and the other half on the . first layer of sods ; this will make another edge one sod deen . which must be filled un with dry potatoes , and

    dry packing stuff , as before . Then lay another e ^ ge of sods in the same way , fill it again , and go en till the heap is made . When the building of this pit is finished , it may be covered with sods at the top , and will be ready for thatching . If rightly made , it will look like the roof of a cottage cut into steps . " If you do not understand this , ask your landlord or your clergyman to explain its meaning , and we are sure that they will give you' every assistance ; also recollect that the recommendation applies only to sound potatoes , after being well dried . . ; " You will lose nothing by applying these materials in storing , for the tuvf can be burnt as you use "' thepotatoes , and , the mixture of lime with dry clay or ashes , which you are afterwards directed to employ , will form a good manure after having saved the potatoes . The only difference is , that you ; must get what you want now , instead of waiting till another time .

    "After you have completed the heap , thatch it so as to throw off the waters into the ditch and keep out the frost . "In districts where they may not be , spare ' . tuvf sufficient to form the pits in the above way , make them as follows : —Mark out the spot , and make the trench as before . Lay on the ground a floor of stones , about as large as apples , and over them as much heath , brushwood , or twigs as will just cover the stones . On this floor form the heaps of potatoes , and packing stuff , just as described , for the turfpit . Cover the sides of the potatoes with more of the packing stuff , and thatch in the usual way . " We must again impress upon you that to pit potatoes in your usual way is certain destruction to them .

    "Packing Stuff . —This , which is of the greatest consequence , may be prepared in either of the following ways—some of you may prefer the one , some the other;— - "¦ " First Way , —Mix a barrel . of freshly burnt uaslacked lime , with two barrels of sand or earth , as dry as you possibly can get it . The . lumpsof lime should be broken into pieces as large as marbles , and the mixture should be left twenty-four hours ; a , t the end of that time turn the heap well over , mixing the lime and sand ( or other dry materials ) till no lump * of lime can be found . -i " Second Way . —Mix well equal quantities oj earth and turf , or dry sawdust ; put a few sods o lighted turf on the ground , place the mixture or them bv degrees till a large heap is made ; in a few hours the fire will have spread through the heap , which is then to be covered with earth so as to put

    out the fire .. In fact , this is to be managed just as if you were burning land . This burnt mixture forms a very good kind of packing stuff , perhaps as good as the mixture of lime with dry materials . " What to do with Bad Potatoes . —When potatoes are only slightly diseased , that is , when . the disease shows itself only under the skin in small dark spots , ' - or , at most , spreading into / the substance of thepotatoe for about a quarter of an inch deep , with a yellow , or light brown , or blackish colour , and without any smell , they may be-eaten by the family . without danger . They should be peeled and the diseased parts pared off before they are boiled ; the parts cut off should be kept for making starch .. Potatoes thus treated are wholesome and palatable ,, but should be used for food as quickly as possible , as it is not quite certain that they will keep long with tho ereatestcare . ...

    " It is a pity to destroy potatoes for starch if they will otherwise keep . Cut out the diseased parts , if it can easily be done , and dust over the cufrparts with lime and the potatoe also . Get them dry as soon as you possibly can , and if you have outhouses " or sheds you should keep tho potatoes in them also , using the packing materials . In such cases you should allow the air to circulate freely in the sheds , and frequently examine your potatow , which should not be laid in layers above two or three feet in height . If you turn them frequently during the first two or three weeks , and ^ keepthemlvery dry in this way , they will probably keep . Although sheds cr ; outhouses are to be preferred ; if you have them net and cannot construct them out of cheap materials , you should

    store the diseased potatoes by themselves , just as we have recommended you to store the sound ones . " If , with all your care , the diseased potatoes stul get worse , dry them thoroughly in kilns , ^ or on hurdles placed over low turf fires , after having cut the potatoes into two or three slices . It is only very bad potatoes that you should break up into starch . ' "How to save . the value of very bad potatoes : — Although nobody knows how to make bad potatoes into good ones , or to prevent manj of them from becoming worse , yet it is possible to extract from bad potatoes , or from bad parts of them , a great deal which is good . For this purpose proceed as follows : — Provide yourselves with the following things , —a rasp or crater , which may be made of a sheet of tin , or

    even of sheet iron bent round , and punched full of holes with a nail—a common coarse linen cloth , or hair sieve , hand sieve , or common cloth strainer—and a pail , or tub or two , to hold water . "To make the bad potatoes useful , wash them clean , and then rasp them into one of the tubs of water ; the finer they are rasped the more food you will produce from them . Having rasped a good many , take the cloth and place it on another tub , then put the pulp on the cloth , and pour water on it , allowing the water to run through . You have now two things to attend to , the pulp and the starch . "First attend to the pulp ; squeeze outasmuch water as you can from what remains in the cloth . You should wash it , however , till no smell remains .

    After you have squeezed it pretty dry , complete the drying on a griddle , over a slack fire , and when it is dry put it aside for use . " . Next look to the milky water ; it will then become clear , and the milkiness , which is starch , will have settled to the bottom . Pour off the water gently , till the starch is tolerably well drained , then add more water , stir the whole well up , and let it settle again . As soon as it is again clear , pour off the water , and when you have got rid of as much as you can , put the wet lumps of starch ou a shelf or other place to dry . In a lew days it will be fit to pack up . it t ~\ X VT _ 1 ¦» t J _ t •__ wnoiesome to

    uoou nreau may maae oy mixing the starch with tlie dried pulp , peasmeal , beanmeal , oatmeal , or flour . You must bear in mind that starch is not food by itself . . * " There will be , of course , a good deal of trouble in doing all that we have recommended , and perhaps you will not succeed very well at first ; but we are confident that all true Irishmen will exert themselves , and never let it be said that in Ireland the inhabitants wanted courage to meet difficulties against which other nations are successfully struggling . " Robbht Kame . "John Likdley . " LVON PLATFAlRiJ "Board Room , Royal Dublin Society . "

    General Melitgeuce,

    General Melitgeuce ,

    •¦New'christmas Book, 1 ,M: Ciurmht Dick...

    •¦ New'Christmas Book , , m : Ciurmht Dickins . --Mr 'Dickeiis'has announced the approaching pubh cation of his' annual Christmas book . The title is , " The Crieket on the Hearth : a Fairy Taleof Home . " The reading world will be : on . the qui viv « for this treat . We confess our own impatience .. The Forthcoming Skiff Race on thb Ttne . — Newcastle , Thuhsday NiGHT .-r-The arrangements for the match between Poeock , of the Thames , and Harry Clasper , the champion of the north , were comp leted [ here this evening . The contest is s & id to be'for £ 100 a side , and will came off on the Tyne , about the 25 th inst .

    IliTEBCOURSE BETWEEN FrASCE ASD EkOLASD . — Puring the first nine months of the present year the number o £ persons passing between England and the und er-mentioned French ports was as follows : — Boulogne , 55 , 637 * , Ostend , 23 , 704 ; Havre , 15 , 490 ; Calais , 12 , 603 ; Dieppe , 9 , 505 ; and Antwerp , 5 , 589 . Total , 122 , 528 . Query . —Orders have been sent , says the Paris Constitutionnel , by the Minister of the Marine , to all the ports for experiments to be made in heating the boilers of steam-vessels with spirits of wine instead of coal . Thb Case of the Fewcidade . — This case , which must still be fresh in the memories of our readers , will be argued before the twelve judges on Saturday , the 15 th instant . —( This day . )

    Persecution of the Jews . —The Frankfort Journal states that the Jews settled at the Turkish town of Serafeoo have been pillaged by the Turkish population , and otherwise ill-treated , on the pretext that a Jew had violated a Turkish woman . The Jews offered ho resistance ; their losses amount to some £ f } , 000 . The Universal Germm Gazette states that the Emperor of Russia has just issued an ukase against the Jews , of even greater severity than that of the 2 nd March , 1843 . A New System of Kiuing Game . —A eorh-stack , belonging to Mr . Donald M'Laren , Leeknascoir , Duror , was lately observed to be visited by black cocks and muir-fowls . The stack had an opening in the middle , which was left purposely , in consequence of the wet season . A little girl , a daughter of the above farmer , concealed herself in tho stack , when soon a fine black-cock , muir-cock , and some inuirliens , came , and soon began to feast on the honobt farmer ' s corn , when the girl stretched her hands quickly , and was lucky enough in capturing a fine black-cock and a muir-cock .

    Culpable HoxucinE . —Last week William Paton , superintendent of locomotives f or the Edinburgh and Glasgow Railway Company at Cowlairs , and Richard M'Nab , engineman on said railway , were charged before the Kigh Court of Justiciary , Glasgow , with culpable homicide . This case arose out of the fatal accident which occurred on the 19 th of May last , to Mr . Cooley , spirit and cattle dealer , Glasgow , who was killed in consequence of the special train which he had hired on the afternoon of that day , to take him to Edinburgh , being overtaken by an ordinary

    train , when within two or three miles of its destination . The indictment charged Mr . Paton with neglecting to see that the engine employed on the ' special carriage was in proper condition , and M'Nab with not having taken the necessary precautions on the route when he found that the engine under his charge was defective . After a very lengthy trial , the jury returned averdict , finding , by a large majority , both pannels guilty as libelled ; but unanimously recommended them to the leniency of the court . Sentence deferred .

    Cause or Gowrie . —Lately , no fewer than eight cottages , or " cottar-houses , " as they are popularly called ; were burned down on the farm of Ross , near Glendoick , in the Carse of Gowrie . Glasgow College . —We understand that the price paid for the estate of Woodlands , which is understood to have been purchased as the new site of the Glasgow University , was nearly £ 29 , 000 , subject to a feu-duty of £ 187 10 s . per annum . Population of Austria . —According to the census of 1843 , the whole population of the Austrian

    monarchy ( the army included ) at present amounts to 38 , 000 , 000 . During the last twenty-five years , the increase was M per cent . The Militia . —It is stated that arrangements have been in progress for some time , and are now nearly completed , for employing the militia , whenever it may seem fit for the Privy Council to issue an order to that effect . The chances of war with the United States are said to have caused these arrangements . Will the working classes consent to fight rbr the protection of the aristocracy and middle class ? We hope not . "No vote , no market !"

    The Church and the Army . —The Quarterly lieview and the Times are both complaining of the . want of " religious instruction" in the army , and advocating " more church" for the soldiers , in the shape of more chaplains , places of worship , die . Would it not be better to disband all armies , instead of paying parsons to teach butchering machines to " do no murder , " those machines at the same time existing for the sole purpose of committing murder by wholesale ? The Late Elopement in High Life , —The mystery appertaining to the disappearance of Lady Adela Vifliers , the youngest daughter of the Earl and Countess of Jersey , is now cleared up . The " tall gentleman" with whom she was seen to leave

    Brighton , turns out , as was expected , to have been her lover , and'is now her husband . Tbe name of the " gentleman" is Charles Parke Ibbetson , captain in the 11 th Hussars , son of Mr . Henry Ibbetson , of the firm of Ibbetson and Son , proctors and notaries , of Great Knight Rider-street . London . It appears that the "happy pair" proceeded by the Brighton Railwaytto London , where , on their arrival , they immediately left by the mail train for Newcastle , en route to Carlisle , on their way to Gretna-green . There they were married , and tire lady ' s brother , who had been in pursuit of the fugitives , arrived just in time to be too late t They had left Brighton , arrived at Gretna , and were married , all within twenty-three hours ! So much for Cupid travelling by rail f

    The Oregon . Territory derives its name from oregano , a Spanish word for wild marjoram ( the oreganum vulgare of Linnseus ) , which grows abundantly in the western coasts of the American continent . Death or Lord Stuart ' De Rothesay . — This nobleman died on the 6 th inst . at his seat , High Cliff , Hampshire . He was formerly minister at the Hague . Coals in Dumfries . —Last week coals were not to be had . in Dumfries , and many persons always accustomed to the comforts of a blazing hearth , were for the first time deprived of them .

    Incendiary Fire . — Last week a fire which threatened great destruction to property , was discovered on the premises of a farm in the parish of Whitwell , Norfolk , belonging to , and in the occupation of Mr . Leamon , of that village .. A double barn containing a large quantity of barley , together with a stable and other farm-buildings , fell a sacrifice to the devouring element . There appears to be no doubt but the fire was caused by an incendiary . Midland Counties Railway . — Erection of the Electric Telegraph over the whole extekt of the Lines . —We are happy to state that the directors of the Mi dland Counties Railway have determined on establishing the electric telegraph over the whole extent of railway under their superintendence . The whole extent of railway is 180 miles , and the cost of the telegraph will amount to the large sum of from £ 30 , 000 to £ 40 , 000 .

    Prosperity of Derby . —We are assured thatin the whole town of Derby there are at the present time only two uninhabited houses . The Duke of Buckingham and the Railways . — The Duke of Buckingham is reported to have issued orders to stop all surveys over his estates near Haddesdon . Surveying operations have been put an end to by main force , and the fieldsmen have to return to town for further orders . Eugene Sue , the author of the " Wandering Jew , " has been excommunicated by the Archbishop of-Lyons , the primate of France . Prince Albert ' s Stock . —At the annual sale of Prince Albert ' s live stock . 150 butchers and graziers attended . The number of sheep sold was 383 ; of horned cattle , 20 . The sum realised was £ 1 , 650 .

    " Ukmentionables . "— The wardrobe of the late Lord Egremont was , on the 18 th ultimo , brought to the hammer , by the executors of his late brother . Amongst the articles specified , were 150 pairs of " unmentionables , " Curious Discovetiv . —Ehe miners in East TanMd colliery have discovered , in a cavity in a stone , fifteen fathoms below the surface / a living toad and " clock . " They are now in the museum at Keswick ; and the toad , although it cannot open its mouth , is quite lively . Source of Political Corruption in the Repubtw ov the United States . —In the post-office ,

    revenue , and lighthouse departments , the General and State Governments together have the patronage of 87 , 000 appointments . A Beauiu'ol Spot . —The salubrity of the climate of Madeira has long been proverbial . There are only seventy-thr ee days in the year on which any rain falls ; and such is the mildness that swallows do not migrate from the island . The most remarkable circum stance is the equability of temperature , which gives Madeira an advantage over every other locality , the range from November , 1844 , to Aoril 1845 , was from 62 to 66 41-48 degrees .

    The DAiBV .-The word daisy is a thousand times pronounced without adverting to the beauty of its etymology , — the eye ofday . "—T . Campbell . Commercial Treaiv between France and Belgium . —1 his commercial treaty , about to expire , will be renewed by royal ordonnance for one year , the existing duties remaining without modification .

    .-- ----::Y-.- . ; ;. ; . Csartfet Intehipwc

    .-- ----:: y-.- . ; ; . ; . CSartfet InteHipwc

    London. Lecture By F. O'Connor, Esq.- *'...

    LONDON . Lecture by F . O'Connor , Esq .- *' Thb' Lanb Abroad , anb the Land " at Home . "— This subject , together with Mr . O'Connor ' s first appearance , atter an absence of two months from England , served to attract a very full , highly respectable , and' most enthusiastic meeting , at the South London Chartist Hall , Blackfriars-road , on Wednesday evening , November the 5 th . At eight o ' clock Mr . Feargus O'Connor entered the hall , and was greeted with the most enthusiastic demonstrations of welcome . Mr . Robson was unanimously called to the chair , and briefly introduced Mr . O'Connor , who , on rising , was again greeted with loud and . long continued applauss ,. which , having subsided , he said , he was most

    happy to find that that important subject , the Land , had not been forgotten during his absence , and on meeting them again , for the first time since his return from tlae continent , he thought he could not find a better subject for discussion than " The Land abroad , and the land at home . " The working classes , although they possess an intimate knowledge of the art of making shoes , hats , clothes , and many other useful articles , hadnot attained the science of making the Land bring forth in that abundance it was so capable of under scientific and proper culture . ( Hear , hear . ) "Why ? Because they were kept continually from hand to mouth . The last time he had the pleasure of addressing them , previous to his continental tour , was in that very hall . Since then , he had visited many countries , including Belgium ,

    France , Italy , Germany , Austria , and Prussia j and although the people of those countries did not possess so many liberties as the English , yet did they appear much more contented and much happier ; and why ? because in those countries each possessed more or less of the Land . ( Hear , hear . ) They were not kept merely from hand to mouth . ( Hear , hear . ) In England he looked for one of the greatest calamities that could possibly befal man—famine ! The potatoe crop having preyed a total failure in Ireland , the oligarchy had recommended the people to turn what few potatoes they had into starch , and live on that . Now , to this he should have no objection , provided , at the same time , the Queen and aristocracy lived on soap and . blue . ( Roars of laughter , and great

    applause . ) But he had no notion of dukes , lords , and other aristocrats , faring sumptuously every day , while the poor wealth-producers were compelled to stiffen on starch , and he hoped they never would consent to do it . ( Immense applause . ) It was quite true the people of other nations had not the power of meeting in public to discuss their grievances , and some might exclaim , "No more have we , " without running the risk of being prosecuted for sedition . Aye , but he ( Mr . O'Connor ) would say , f ar better was it that even ten per cent , suffer prosecution and imprisonment than lose so important a right . He would , in illustration of this , relate to them a circumstance : —While walking with his interpreter in the Grand-square of Milan , he remarked what a fine

    place that would be for holding of public meetings , when the interpreter smiled and said : — " Such things were not allowed there . " " Well , " but I said , " suppose that I could speak your language with sufficient rlueney to address the people , and were to do so , what then ? " "Well , then , " replied he , "before your peroration could be concluded you would be shot dead by the Austrian tvaops , now occupying that barracks , " pointing to a fine building at the back of the Grand-square . And thus was it that continental despotism was perpetuated . ( Hear , hear . ) In travelling through Belgium he found the people had the best constitution of any continental nation , and they were decidedly happier than they were in any other country . Why ? because there was not that wide

    distinction of class that prevailed in other nations , neither were there those great overgrown mansions we had here , and further , the people were in possession of plots of land which they industriously cultivated for their own advantage , ( hear , hear ) , which naturally gave them an interest in the preservation of " peace , law , and order . " ( Hear , hear . ) It had taken him ( Mr . O'Connor ) thirteen years to beat a little knowledge into their heads relative to the Land , and he now had the consolation to krrow that even the devil himself could not drive it out again . ( Loud cheers . ) We all know that the agriculturists are generally believed to be as ignorant as the beasts of the field , and , therefore , we could not expect to learn from them . ( Hear , hear . ) No , the few who

    had commenced cultivation according to approved scientific rules were now teaching the farmers important lessons ; ( Cheers . ) The law of primogeniture had created a race of idlers , throwing as it did the youngest sons as paupers and pensioners on industry . ( Hear , hear . ) He should much like to see us imitate the French in this respect , and abolish the law of primogeniture altogether , lie agreed with Junius " that public meetings were a safety-valve , " and he trusted they might prove the means of saving England from a bloody revolution . ( Cheers . ) He would now show them the effects of the law of primogeniture . It prevented the Land from being sold in small quantities , and makes the Land a touchstone of the franchise . They could buy £ 100 worth of

    Land here as they might in many other countries ;; but they , could club their pence and shillings together and buy it in the wholesale market , and having thus purchased it , retail it in small quantities , and thus practically break up tlie law of primogeniture . ( Loud cheers . ) If he was asked what law next to the Charter he would have passed , he would say a law ; prohibiting newspapersfroniinserting advertisements , which would prevent in a great measure class distinctions , ( hear , hear ); and next the separation of the Church from the State ( loud cheers ); and thirdly , the abolition of the law of primogeniture . ( Continued cheering . ) He had the satisfaction of knowing that his letters to the Landlords of Ireland , and his work on Small Farms had not been without their

    results . In May last he had the iehcity of banding the people together for the obtainmdnt of the Land , and during the last eight weeks he had received £ 891 4 s . 2 d . for that purpose , which he ' placed to their account at the London and Westminster Bank , on the first day of the current month . ( Great cheering . ) He might be asked , what was 6 , 000 members , and be told they were merely the needle in the bundle of hay ; but just allow him to be enabled to point to 200 persons comfortably located on the Land , and that little fact would speak loudeiv and plead more eloquently , than the best orator who ever stood on the public platform . For , if 200 could do it , two millions might also do it , and thus would they proceed from out of the House of bondage to

    the Land of Liberty . ( Immense cheering . ) He had done his duty , and if they neglected to do theirs they deserved to groan under all the oppressions the law of p rimogeniture had entailed on them , and remain slaves for ever . ( Hear , hear . ) He had just returned from Surrey , in which county he had visited several large farms , and he found the potatoes were in general gone . He had planted an acre as an experiment to show the superiority of his mode of culture over that in common use , and although the potatoes were stronger , they were gone too . ( Hear , hear . ) This was bad enough , where potatoes are a luxury , but what must be its effect where potatoes are the national diet ? If famine came , he would hold the Minister responsible for this reason : —if the

    land of England was properly cultivated , instead of starving thirteen millions it would more than feed twenty-six millions , and thus might years of dearth and scarcity be provided for by the years when the earth brought forth abundantly . Was he not right then , in holding the Minister responsible . ( Loud cheers , ) A rumour prevailed , that tho ports were to be opened for the admission of foreign grain , duty free ; suppose they were , were there no Jews in foreign countries , as well as in England , and wmdd not these heartless money changers take advantage of a starving peoples' demand , and charge accordingly for their grain . ( Hear , hear . ) He had been a prophet as to the result of the tariff ; his letter on the subject was read in the House of Commons bv

    air . waKiey ; out those Volscians turned up their anstocratic noses and asked , who was Feargus O Connor ? well he would let them know who he was before he died . ( Loud cheers . ) Well , the bull free fanners became panicstruck at the tariff , they dreamed they saw cattle swimming in from all countries , and the result was , they sent in their cattle and complete y glutted the market , and the prices fell accordingly . ^ Meal did not bring half its former price ; and so it would be for a time with erain were the ports thrown open . But the potatoes * which the Irish seemed to regard as their favourite diet had faded , and continental nations , as he could vouch tor from ks own experience , were nota whi better . Hear , hear . ) It . would appear that a cene-5

    3 TT T TVr ? land - h Sardinia the silk merchant had destroyed one-half their silk Z' ? J in - ' . 0 nse 9 ^ , / mulb «« 'y tow being affected with a similar blight to tlmt which lmd £ stroyed . the potatoe . A fortnight ago , in Belgium potatoes were sixteen francs a sack , tho price at Hi season generally being only . five or ' six fr „! cs , which was tolerably good evidence that the disease was but too gcneraL and should it increase , a decree must be issued foiiiddmg their use , or disease , desolation , and death would follow . ( Hear hear ) The Duke of Hamilton was the first person to introduce potatoes into Scotland , and insistcd £ on his tenantry planting them , to winch they were opposed ; but as they were a loyal people , and his grace still insisting

    mey consented ; but they took the wise precaution of haling them first ( vo « s of kqghtejTwffl ^ course , they did not germinate . ( Hear , hear . ) Well Ins grace , dunng the season , finding no potatoes growing enquired had they planted them ? Bein " answered in the afhrmative , he looked for himse ? and lo ! the seedlings were boiled . ( Great 2 ! \ He heartily wished the people of finftd £ and had acted with equal wisdom , for it was a fact that this system of coursa food" kept the Beonle in a slate of indigence . ( Hear hcaiM it ! „? i alarmist yet never did En gland S ss ^™ £ lei ; come it must , nothing could prevent it , Manv railway speculators , and cats-mcaWarrow tinfS were now mng m a 8 tate of luxuriousTOstefJlness ( Ilear XSftS > ° / « ° ? iety VoSlfpeS ( Hear , hear . ) We live m a fictitious state of society ,

    London. Lecture By F. O'Connor, Esq.- *'...

    _ , k «* Wtl k » hM «^ buVthe-bubbl ^ Timet had given it oneknock ,-and the bank had given it » harder brie ' arid when it did go , then one out of every seven of those speculators would be beggars ( hear , hear );; but they would make good tools in our ' hands ; and won't they shout out lustily " Longlive Feargus O'Connor , and may my right arm be severed from my body if ever I desert the glorious prineinlp * of the People ' s Charter . " ( Mr . O'Connor ' s inhnUabio mimicry of a popular middle class orator , while delivering the above quotation , drew down peals 0 f laughter ) . But to every man who shall henceforth address you , shout ; Jn his ear , "The Land -the Land . " Uur Chartist Co-operative Land Society will

    hold a uqmerence at Mancnester on the 1 st day of December next , when its members will be duly represented by their brother shareholders of their own selection . The rules would be revised , and all neccs sary alterations made , by which time lie hoped to " have subscribed the sum necessary for commencinp operations . ( Loud cheers . ) When the time of peril and danger did arrive , he trusted he should , as heretofore , be found firmly at his post . In times of eminent peril and great danger he had always stood fii'in and true by his countrymen . ( A voice , in a rich Cork brogue , " I know that . " ) ( Immense applause . ) And neither Lancaster , or the brutal threats of transportation issued by an Abinger , should fri ghten

    him from his duty to the people . ( Tremendous and long-continued cheering . ) - Even on the Continent he had found that his name was the terror of tyrants , He had been kept three weeks ot the Italian Barrier ' and ttas at last sent 350 miles round to get his pass port re-signed , before he was allowed to pass ; but he had the consolation to find one man , even in the midst of despotism , to declare his name a glorious name , and worthy of all respect . ( Loud cheers . ) He longed , with all the fervour with which a bride longed ibJ her wedding night , to see the people on the Land surrounded by peace , contentment , and happiness . Then should he be content to retire to the silent tomb , in the happy consolation that this was the

    work of his hands . Mr . O'Connor resumed his seat amid the most tremendous cheering . A person in the body of the meeting asked what would be the use of possessing two acres of Land if thev did not know how to cultivate it when they had it . Mr . O'Connor , in reply , said it took seven ' years to learn to make a shoe ; but they might learn to stick a cabbage in less than seven minutes—( hear , hear )—and the plantwould not stop to ask whether it was planted by a legitimate or an illegitimate gardener .. ( Roars of laughter . ) But he thought there could not be a doubt that , amongst the numbers locating , that some scientific gardeners would be found who would

    be but too happy to impart their knowledge to their fellow-men . ( Loud cheers . ) But they should not even be left to that chance . He was acknowledged to be a good practical f armer himself , and he should have much pleasure in superintending the first colony himself , and see that not a single potatoe was treated disrespectfully . ( Roars of laughter , and great applause . ) A vote of thanks was then given to the lecturer and the chairman , and suitably acknowledged . Several shares were taken up . The meeting then dispersed , evidently well pleased with the triumphant success of the Chartist Co-operative Land Society .

    Chartist Co-ofehative Land Society , Westmikster Branch . —The adjourned meeting for tbe discustion of the rules was resumed and completed at the Parthenium club-rooms , 72 , St . Martin ' s-lane , on Sunday evening , November 9 th ; Mr . MDlcr was unanimously called to the chair , when the following alterations and additions were adopted for tbe consideration of Conference . The 18 th rule to stand as follows : — "Time allowed for paying up shares , subscribers at Is . per week , one year ; ditto , Cd . per week , two years ; ditto , 3 d . per week , four years . Members not having paid up their shares within the time specified shaD be allowed a period of six months to pay up their arrears , and any member neglecting or refusing to comply with this rule , shall forfeit to the society any or all sums he may have contributed , unless he can show satisfactory reasons for

    non-compliance . "— " That no member under any consideration , be allowed to hold more than two shares in his own right . "— " That the society be enrolled according to Act of Parliament provided for benefit societies . "— "That the present designation of the society be continued . " The discussion on the rules being neiv concluded , it was resolved— " That a meeting for ihe nomination of a delegate to Conference be held in these rooms , on Sunday evening , . November 23 rd , at seven o ' clock precisely . " It was also unanimously resolved— "That the best thanks of this meeting be given to Mr . Edmund Stallwood , for the able manner in which lie has filled the office of secretary to the meeting during the three nights discussion of the rules . " The thanks of the meeting having been awarded to the chairman , the meeting dispersed .

    OLDHAM . On Sunday last , Mr . A . J . Taylor lectured in the Working Man ' s Hall . The lecturer laid down his opinions in a . very forcible manner on the true nature of political and religious liberty ; he was listened to with great attention . A number of shares were taken out in the Land Society . At a general meeting of the Oldham branch of the Lacd Society ,, on Sunday , the 0 th instant , the following resolutions were agreed to : — " That persons taking two shares , and if both are paid up , should have their four acres allotted to them on gaining their chance for the first share . " '' That this meeting approve of the counsel ' s opinion , that the first paid up shares be the first entitled to allocation ; and we are further of opinion , that if this plan be adopted , it will greatly facilitate the progress of the society , and give more general satisfaction . " " That we are of opinion that the" society should , if possible , be enrolled under the Building Societies Act . "

    SHEFFIELD . The Land . —On Monday , November 10 th , a meeting of the Chartist Co-operative Land Society was held in the Democratic reading rooms ,, Fig Tree-lane , when the greatest unanimity and enthusiasm prevailed , in consequence ef the rapid progress our society is making here . In order to make public what we are doing , we beg to state , for the benefit of the members in other districts , that we . have formed a club ; the object being to purchase Mr . O'Connor ' s work on Small Farms . We pay a penny a week , or more , should they think proper , by way of contribution , and , as soon as there are sufficient funds in hand to make ft purchase , we get them ; then ballot who shall have them . The successful candidate for the books still pays forward until every member is supplied . We have already disposed of ' a goodly number . ¦?' - ¦ ¦

    STOCKPORT . The Weekly Meeting of the shareholders of the Land Society , was held in the Chartist Institution . Bomber s-brow , on Wednesday evening , the'Sth irisfc when the following resolutions were unanimously adopted : — ' That each occupant shall be empowered to cultivate his own allotment , or to employ practical agricultural labourers to do the same ; and that the * lo 16 s . 8 d . allowed to each occupant , to be expended by the Board of Directors , iu the purchase of implements of husbandry , seed , and all things necessary that each occupant requires , and all tie said amount of money to be placed in the bank , at the disposal ot the trustees , for the benefit of the society . - "That this Association be closed at the meeting of Conference , and be called No . 1 Association .-Signed , Ihomas Woodhouse , Secretary to the Land Society , 4 , Angel-street , Stockport .

    ROCHDALE . , - ™ i ? i ,, D-rkast S ?* % there was » good meeting ho den of the subscribers to the Land Fund . Isaac Hoyle was called to the chair , when variou ContZr re diSCUSSed , rdatiTe t 0 tne ShS Conference . It was rsso ved , first . " That the se-Sn ^ tr te t 0 ? directorf & ougl ii tit , urging the necessity of them uniting the various localities into districts , as the best means of electing " ThTSS + * Conference . " Secondly hpVnnS f V ? , Principles professed , there be no plurality ot votes . " Thirdly " That the discussion oe adjourned to next Sunday , when allmemoVocl- in tTf * - £ ** *• commence . at two o Cxoek , m the Association Room , Mill-street .

    MANCHESTER , on W W LEACH ] ? Ctlired k-fce Carpenters'IM Mr ^ ConnnSl ! rf ^ FKfim to « , eCtU 1 ' Mr 1 ! bE / a 5 read to the audience by bSstof Sffil * t the co ^ sion a S eneral Kp MhSf was £ iven % the audience . Mr . ffictte HTir * 4 bis lecture , Schwas very l 3 SefS 5 JSL ^ V aR « ^ kh Mr . Joseph an hour I vo / I ^ ^ nce for a ^ a 1 uartcr of tare s-Ind tj * * ¥ was given to the leeof tne eveniS ™ ' ™ ' whict included the business Tl , E Lan ° ™ NORWICH , tist Co onpr , V- t m , S oei's of the National Chartrct hst ^ W Society ,, resident in this dis-Suncia ; thl o l ^ their a 4 J ° « nied meeting from strSns > L ? v l -L further c ° ™<< er the intke S ^ delegate to Mlutmn ? w- C < m ( erence > wi » the following rereoueXl ^ re agreed t ^ - ** That our delegate be eS * ? m ° TO Or sunnort a mnt . inn tlmt this

    Socie v '« . An ? roIled ™ tflC L * nd and Building Sori ^ ^ gge ? ted by counsel . " "That he EiishedvK affioti < m that <*<* shareholder be fifffflmlhr ^ and tha t m ] x ™ xra as nose of all hn ^ M ^ tf ^ oe compelled to disuetermine o ?^ - ? should ^ Conference sunnorraLti . i . e allo ^ ents , he shall move or take tl sh ? er v \ at ? J ? h ^ holder be allowed to registered as full on the completion of his nnvments ,

    the fi ., f ,- IS f 0 , " ^ accordin gly ; and should " ; , * » cose during the sitting of Confa ' - t & t \ S / f \ ™ l * therein be allowed to take a second share , if taken on or before the 31 st ot clS ^ Vh 845 ' , whea * P secti ° » will be finally n , t ; i '; oon r eabov resolutions were carried without dissent , and the following notice of motion fi ^ Lr * lha t should the Conference determine on Sfci « CT allotment , as before advised , that the Slttw i * 2 be-adTanoed from £ 2 10 s . to £ 4 Sext Dec Wh ineeting adjourned till Monday

• Citation
  • Northern Star (1837-1852), Nov. 15, 1845, page 6, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse.ac.uk/periodicals/ns/issues/ns2_15111845/page/6/