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Northern Star (1837-1852), 17th April 1852, Edition 2 of 2, Page 7, EccENTBicrrnts op Mb. Feargus 0'Cojjnob ...

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      ^^ Easter Amusements. Drury-Lane " Theat...

      ^^ EASTER AMUSEMENTS . drury-lane " theatre . Th , Tbeles- 'eehas m aterially reduced tbepricesof admisaon , aon . and appears resolve d to test the muueal taateof the luicby relying solelyoponau increased support for an Le Leased outlay . On Monday ^^^ J ^ J : ?; ' ^ ™ r ^ conclusion j

      ?¦ in ? . in ta receive the usual honours s . t tne , no Htth WOe ballet divertissement , «' Hue Fete KeapoUtaine " gave amp ample opportunity to Mdlles . D * Anionic , Adele , A . Payne , and and M . Martin , for the display of some extremely graceful and an d pleasing dancing , and Mr . H- Marshall , in a " pas de Poli polichinel" was vociferously encored , and compelled to repeal peat a somewhat fatiguing burlesque dance . The houso £ as £ as scarcely so well attended as we should have desired ; but but we have no doubt that when the lessee ' s intentions beet becom e more generally known bis exertions will be rewarwarded as they deserve to be .

      HAYMARKET THEATRE . 1 The purveyor of festive humourfor the Paschal visitors of I of the Haymarket this year has shunned the beaten track of of classic fable and fairy fore , and haa devoted bis energie giesto'tbe production of . a burlesque on the " Corsican Bn Brothers , " the drama recently brought out with 80 much sue success at the Princess ' s Theatre . The spectral inciden ' s hat have been closely followed , and the tragic interest is soften * ened by the substitution of a " black eye" for a death as the the result of the conflict in Paris . Nor is drollery wanting ing in the treatment of some of the horrors . Thus , the

      ap appearance of the brother in tbe first act , as a tnrnipht headed ghost , illuminated by a candle , may pssibly find as admirers , aad the duel feogbt with single sticks between M Mr . Buckstone , who represents the sympathetic brothers , an and Mrs . Buckingham , who enacts the Parisian roue , is eo conducted with spirit . Let us also do justice to tbeauthor foi for bis consistency : in pursuing to tho . utmost she idea of xni union between the brothers . Mr . Buckstone , when he sii sings the final song , is dressed in front after the Corsican

      fa fashion , and then turning round , discovers the Parisian C ( costume , with a mask at the back of his head . This has a c < comical effect enough , but the superior talent of the author h has been employed on a subject most unkindly for burli lesque . Mr . Keeley made his first appearance at the I Haymarket after an absence of two years , in a farce of i " Your Life ' s in Danger , " which followed the burlesque . ] He wa " . received with the heartiest applause , and acted i with all his accustomed humour .

      LYCEUM THEATRE . The Easter-novelty at this establishment was entitled ' "A Chain of Events . " The chain was a long one , divided i into eight links , or acts , and occupied the entire evening j- in performance . It was , however , received with great i favour by an overflowing , audience , and may be regarded j * 4 aonai ' n of honour encircling the necks of the authors . Messrs . Sliagsby Lawrence and Charles Matthews , or , at any rate , as a link in tbe chain of events which , in the wind-up , will constitute their triumph as translators , adapters , and modifiers of the French melo-drama of tbe lower "Boulevards .

      PEDfCESS'S THEATRE . After the " Corsican Brothers , " in which Mr , Charles Sean made his' first appearance since bis severe indisposition , amidst loud and prolonged applause , a new fairy piece was produced , entitled , " * Wittikind and his Brothers ; or , the Seven Swan Princes of the Fair Melusine . " It is the production of Mr . Tom Taylor , who has in this instance abandoned the province of burlesque , in which for many holyday seasons past he had shone so conspicuously , and has attempted the ereation of a new class of dramatic entertainment . In the

      play bills tbe piece is called a " Fairy Tale , " and , in point of fact , it is merely a dramatic version of ono of the popular tales in Grimm ' s collection , called " Die Sieben Schwanen , " the garnish of puna and ' modern allusion in which it has been usual of late to dress up shcir materials being eschewed ; and the graces of versification only retained and converted into a feature by careful workmanship and the infusion of really poetic sentiment . Tbe dresses and decorations deserve tho highest commendation , the utmost taste and research being exhibited in the designs and combination of tbe costumes . There is also an agreeable sprinkling of dancing , in which the ingenuity of Mr . Flexmore is displayed to great advantage .

      APELPHI THEATRE . This popular place of amusement , though patronised by a numerous audience , exhibited none of the noise , pressure , aud confusion so often experienced on holyday occasions , and an opportunity rarely enjoyed on Easter Monday was accordingly afforded , of listening to the performances with some degree of ease and comfort . The amusements opened with a new drama called " The Queen of the Market , " de-Kr ibed in the billasfull of "Adelphi effects , " with the additional attraction that the principal character was intrusted , to Mrs . Keeley , being her first appearance at this theatre . Tbe " Queen of the Market" was bit off with great force and skill by Mrs . Keeley , and the same compliment might fairly be applied to all the leading actors . The new farce of "Who stole the Pocketbook ? " and the comic opera of " Good night . Signer Pantalon , " followed , and thus closed a aeries of excellent Easter entertainments .

      OLYMPIC THEATRE . This pretty little theatre , under the lesseeship of Mr . W . Fan-en , offered to its Easter audience a time-honoured play of Sbakespeare ' g , and a new piece by Mr . C . Selby . Tho '• Merchant of Venice" introduced two sons of the lessees in prominent characters , Mr . H . Farren as Sbylock , and Mr W . Farren , jun ., as Bassanio . Mrs . Walter Lacy , for the first time at this theatre , played the character of Portia , Miss Fielding made a lively Kerissa , and was well supported by" Mr . Hoskins as Grntiano . The Easter piece is called the . " CamberwelI Brothers ; or , the Mystic Milkman , " and profes ? es to be a " fair adaptation and liberal imitation'' of "La Freres Corses . " - Tbe house was not very foil , except in the gallery , probably because the fineness of the weather had attracted its patrons to Greenwich fair and the other places of suburban resort .

      STRAND THEATRE . The novelty provided for the holyday folks at this place of entertainment was a sentimental drama in . three acts , professing to be " an illustration of oar " country homes , sketched by C . Reade , Esq ., " and entitled " A "Village Tile . " The incidents which furnish the plot , though somewhat common , are ingeniously put together , and there are several interesting situations , which it is but fair to say the different actors did their best to develope . The other performances consisted of an amusing extravaganza , by Mr . Charles Selby , called "Antony ahd Cleopatra ; " a ballet divertissement , produced under the direction of Mr . xilano , under the title of " La . Vivandere ; and a one act Mama , by a Mr . Edward Stirling ., entitled "A Ragged School . " -

      SADLER'S WELLS THEATRE . The performaneesat Sadlel- ' s Wells last night commenced ** 'th the representation of " John Saville of Haysted , " a Play b y the Reverend James White , which has been revived after aainterval . of four years , with new scenery , dresses , aid decorations . —A comic drama , entitled " A Wonderful Woman , " -concluded the performances . The Marquis de ftontignac being enable to pay his debts , had become the property of Crepin , a cobbler , but he marries on tbe snd-J ea Hortense , a rich widow , who resorts to the alliance wr the purpose of acquiring the aristocractic qualification for

      admission to a royal ball . As the marriage contract re-SBires the Marquis to leave her immediately after the ceremony , she has to endure the mortification of seeing her Husband with his friend Crepin occupying a cobbler ' s stall opposite her mansion . At last she solves all difficulties J J destroying the contract . The frequent tribute of hearty hnghtor gave token of approbation by the audience , WHO Gently relished the odd situations which arose in the Progress of the piece , and justly appreciated tbe exertions if Mr . J . W . Ray , Mr . F . Robinson , and Miss Mitchell , ia the characters of Crepin , the Marquis de Frontignao , and Hortense .

      SURREY THEATRE . The entertainments provided for Easter at this house " ere on a scale of enterprise and liberality which' the sue-^ 5 that has attended the present management gave its Parous a right to expect . They comprised a three act Jratna , a comedietta , and a burlesque extravaganza . The «*»* » « The Corsican Brothers . " The comedy of the Young Couple , " introduced the Bateman children to this * " « of the water . Their performances were characterised J f the ant taste which has from the first distinguished tjem , and their arch and winning manners elicited the armest approval . The bariesnne is from the pen of Mr .

      * . U Blanchard , and is entitled The Three Perils of Man , or the Knights of the Sound Table . " It is founded upon triw ™ f Ahistor - fab"iou 3 or otherwise , of King £ C teAnlw ?^ ht \ of ^ Round Table , the passage iS £ ntt ! wMcD ^ Belle Isonde is stolen from ' nlo * 7 " ? « sfram , immnredlin Castle Dolorous , and £ o = equently after many moving accidents , rescued thence rid Sn i ^ niEerous sparuling hits are interspersed , I * Pn , TZ * w Parodies npon popular airs . The scenery ft-SXi 0 t startliD £ - The burlesque will enjoy , as it *¦**« . * g 00 ( 1 re P tttation ; and a long and prosperous s ir Ji i tS lt # Miss Ja , » a Harland made a charming ^ idii ! ? slnSmSand acting with immense spirit . Mr . * * tSe a Was anadmira ^ te Sir Tristram , ami Mr . Wyna

      TijnlJ . MARYLEBOSE . "jc : faster attraction at this theatre -waa SOUght for in W-n Un * , te" sources , the strength of the company being lf oaX Dpon tte production of the « ' Tempest , " which was ia ' * i ' , ncV ff ' '"* new scenery ana * appointments before an 5 : 5 ntiai nna -erons and attentive . Upon the more sublh ; - Uf rt ° J hill of fare followed " A Grand "Stations-. ! * 5 bo r j : Kettissement , " in which "Britannia plays a very s sin » o ! ? Mtindeed until tbe end of the performance , Africa * , *» mortifying inactivity while Europe , Asia , 55 ' sor t " f rica dance Successive pat stub ; but then , ^• eiiee ttn ° ^ Peusation f or this demand upon her ? ui » ' 4 u * » ft w her tribute " * " 8 rand aIlegOTitf ^ gtnJt \ ¦ e * an offering of blue and red fire , and irce tCL ! , * L 8 a , 1 * P amicably . A short , sparkling "iated the evening's programme .

      t ^ coined , V AMES ' THEATRE . gm . u „\ ™ which this pleasantest of . theatres re-^ Has alreIdJl moiEe ,, e fle la Seigliere , " the plot of tea < Jy beC ( « oe tolerably well-knoffn to English

      ^^ Easter Amusements. Drury-Lane " Theat...

      playgoers in Mr . Webster's effective version of it entitled " . The Man of Law . " " Mademoiselle de la Seigliere " was preceded by an amusing comedietta , called " Le Cachemire Vert , " in which Madame Roger Solie , an . efficient addition to the corps dramatique , made her first appearance .

      ASTLET'S THEATRE . Tbe new piece at Astley's is called " Bonaparte in Esypt , " and is a representation of some of the striking events which occurred duiing the French expedition . Had not ihe playbill pointed to the Parisian origin of the spectacle , the fact might have been inferred from the careful avoidanceof any circumstance likely to wound the national sensibility of our neighbours . Thus , while due prominence is given to the poisoning of the wells by the natives , no allusion is made to the poisoning in the hospitals by French physicians . A nother inconvenient fact—although a " great fact" at the time—the French dramatist , has prudently kept altogether out of view—namely , the British army . The fighting is confined to the French and the natives , and , as a matter of course , the former have it all their own way . The piece is properly called a " spectacle , for , indeed , it consists almost entirely of tableaux ! vivans , ar-« nued with sinuular ingenuity , and producing the most

      pleasing effects . The picturesque costume of the rrencn officers and soldiers ' of the period is represented with great accuracy , and" the appearance of Napoleon himself on a white charger immediately recalled to recollection the print , now seldom seen , of trie young general crossing the Alps Thoueh not destined to attain to * the enduring popularity of Waterloo , " Bonapartein Egypt" will deservedly run a triumphant career for at least the present season . Allusion has already been made to the excellence of the ' tableaux , and indeed it is hardly possible to praise them more highly than they deserve . The last scene representing the defeat ot the Mamelukes at Abonkir . with its bold groupings and brilliant effects , Struck us as being the best thing of the kind that even Astley ' s has produced . Can more be said * The audience were delighted throughout , but the denowment took them by storm , and the curtain fell amidst a roar of applause , which drowned the thunders of the mimic artillery . The house was crowded .

      MAR 10 NNETTE THEATRE . Prophets who foretold tbat the performances of the puppets would be but a nine days' wonder prove to be mistaken . Easter Monday finds them in full vigour , armed with a new introduction , in which the sorrows of a "legitimate " author during a rebersal are smartly set forth by a brilliant writer of the ' - * fast" school " , and also with a version of " Aladdin , " remarkable for the splendour of the costumes . The Chinese dresses are of the most costly materials , and each figure is a complete study in itself . MADAME TUSSAUDfS . . Few places of amusement present more attractions than this e'tahlisbnient . and on Monday the public showed their estimate of its merits by tbe patronage which they afforded . It was during the day well attended by visitor * , and in the evening the concourse ot * eight-seers was very numerous .

      THE COLOSSEUM . The arrangements for the season at this place have been made -with a good deal of taste , and everything appears in the best order . The Glyptotbeca , or museum of sculpture , has undergone a renovation , and is filled with casts from moat of the best productions of modern art . Mirrors have been introduced into panels of tbe walls with good effect , so that the size ef tbe gallery appears enlarged and the statues and busts multiplied . The . effect is very good . The old and favourite pictures of London by day and Paris by night seem to have lost none of their attractions .. Tbe conservatories , caves , Swiss , landscapes , & c .,. are all in the best order , and everything looks ' fresh and pleasant . The number of vfsitors was more than usually great , and everybody appeared gratified with what was prepared for their amusement .

      POLYTECHNIC INSTITUTION . As is usual at this place on all public holidays . every gallery was filled with visitors , and all seemed intent on joining instruction with amusement . The museum is crowded with models of inventions and specimens of patent productions , and there is consequently something to please every taste and meet tbe search of every inquirer—machinery , optical illusions and effects , dissolving views , music , & c In addition to all this" lectures by Mr . Pepper on Glynn and Appel ' a recently invented processes for taking copies of prints , < fce ., and paper for the prevention of forgeries of documents , and a lecture on the Minie rifle , the Prussian musket , and so forth . These lectures appeared to excite great interest in a crowd of auditors . The whole collection has been scientifically classified , so that those in search of instruction have little difficulty in finding the object to which they wish to direct tbeir attention . It is satisfactory to know that tbe public , and more particularly the better informed part ofit , duly estimate the merits of this establishment !

      QUEEN'S THEATRE . - The Easter attractions at this house consisted of a nautical drama , entitled , tbe " Fiend of tbe Sea , and the " Does of tbe Pirate Barque , " in which Messrs . Harrison and J . Mathews appeared with tbeir dogs . " Robinson Crusoe" followed , tbe part of Friday being sustained by that celebrated clown and pantomimisr , Tom Matthews . The " Corsican Brothers" ( which we have already noticed ) terminated tbe evening's entertainments . All the pieces are well got up , and gave evident sa * . isf mtion . We regret , however , tbat , owing to the fine weather the house was not so crowded as it otherwise would have been , and as the exertions of the enterprising lessee deserved to be rewarded .

      GREENWICH FAIR . The fair . street , terminating at Deptford Bridge , presented nearly the same aspect as usual , and its attractions in the .- way of shows were the never-failing gorgeous glories of Richardson , who still , after the manner of the early Greek players , carries all his attractions in a waggon of two . He has this year polished off a Warren ' s jet-blivck band for the occasion , and well and " gently they do their spiriting , " impostors though these sable minstrels be . The far-famed WombweJl and his splendid menagerie , however , was not among the attractions , . There were not wanting lures for all classes—rifles for our future volunteers—awnings for highflyers—E . O's , lotteries , and turnabouts ; for the gamesters , and all sorts of prfitematural sights . Russian terriers , with the forepart of their bodies like ducks—greyhounds with lambs' heads—sand dogs from South Afr ica , with fore feet like eagle ' s claws , and the hind quarters like pigs—cats with the hands of a monkey—cocks

      with real horns on their beads like spurs—and Archer ' s wonderful collection of monstrosities , appeared to attract a fair share of patronage . A representative of the Fives Court has established a booth for sparring , where some 3 < miuk w < y » W- " » e . spvigs of fashion , stripped and belaboured each other about the nose and eyes until tbeir sweethearts could not distinguish them . There was a greater number of humble ball-rooms , at two and three pence per head for admission , tban usual , and tbe keen bracing air induced great numbers , even at an early hour , to sport a fantastic toe to not-indifferent music . The endless ball-room of Alsrer occupies its usual place , and defies all competitionwhether for its vast area , its excellent refreshments , or a hand of musicians , super ' or to those at many of our London theatres . The fine weather attracted tfeousands to the Park . The racing down - the hill was carried on with great spirit , notwithstanding the interference of the police , who got mobbed , and pelted with oranges and apples for their pains .

      Eccentbicrrnts Op Mb. Feargus 0'Cojjnob ...

      EccENTBicrrnts op Mb . Feargus 0 ' Cojjnob aoain . — At the Hammersmith Police Court , on Tuesday afternoon , Mr . Dunford , of High-street , "Sotting-hill , applied to the magistrate for advice under the following circumstances . —The applicant stated that Mr . Feargus O'Connor , who had until very recently resided at Notting-bill , was in tho habit of visiting bis shop , and on several occasions conducted himself in a most extraordinary manner . The applicant then described a number of extra vapmees which he alleged Mr . O'Connor bad committed . If Mr . Feargus O'Connor found Mrs . Dunford or her apprentices ( dress , makers ) enaajed in tbeir work . he . would take the fabric , whether of silk , merino , or whatever it happened to be , and tie it round tbeir heads ; and a few days since he again called at the shop . Applicant and his fumily were about sitting down to dinner . Mr . O'Connor rushed in and went to the rear of tbe premises , where he conducted himself

      most indecently . He then returned to the parlour , and took up the hot leg of mutton , which was in the dish upon a u ' ancl h * t m ms hands , at the same time cutting off the meat and placing large slices in his mouth . Applicant s little boy was sitting at the table , and because he happened to look at him be threatened to cut off his head . —Mr . Beadon inquired of the applicant what he required him to do m the matter ? The appliennt said he believed Mr . Feargus 0 Connor not to be in his right mind , and he , therefore , applied to his worship fw protection .-Mr . Beadon asked him how long it was since Mr . O'Connor had so conducted himself towards Mrs . Dunford and the young women ? Mr . Dunford said about a month since . — Mr . Beadon said the applicant should have applied earlier at tbat court , if he wished to adopt any proceedings against Mr . O'Connor . —The applicant said he did not wish to have Mr . O'Connor locked np m gaol , but merely restrained

      from committing any violence . He had applied to the Hon . Mr . Walpole , the Secretary of State , and he was referred to the Speaker of the House of Commons .-Mr . Beadon observed that he believed it was generally understood that Mr . O'Connor was insane . He ( Mr . Beadon ) was not a commissioner of lunacy , and , therefore , could not take upon himself the power of restraining that gentleman . —The Applicant believed that Mr . O'Connor ' s insanity had been caused by his active exertions to better the condition of tbe poorer classes . —ilr . Beadon said it was too late to take any proceedings against Mr . O'Connor , for having conducted himself as it had been stated be had towards Mrs . Dunford , but if anything of the kind was repeated , the applicant would meet with every assistance from that court , if bo would only apply at tbe time . —The Applicant thanked his worship , and withdrew .

      HoitoWAT ' s Pitusan admirable Remedy for Billions Complaints and Indigestion . — ¦ rb « eScac 5 wy »| seTOvalaa - ble Pills in the cure of hi e . indigestion , flatulency , sick headache , nervousness , and debilitated constitutions , is so thoroughly established mamlosterery nartnftlie world , that they now stand pre-eminent as the finest nedicine ever known for these complaints and may he taken by tcmobs of a" « ge * . ? e J . ? ? - \ - . ^ invigorate the nody , strenetben the faculties of the mind , increase tbe appltite , and purify the Wood . Those who suffer from diseaSe brought on by gedentaiy occupations may rely on these Wis giving immediate re . SSacTr tlin restoration to good health ,

      M. Mazzini And The Trench Socialists. La...

      M . MAZZINI AND THE TRENCH SOCIALISTS . Last week we inserted M . Mazzini ' s attack upon tbe French Socialists . Fair play demands that they should be heard in reply , and we give tbeir rejoinder to the Italian leader .

      REPLY TO M . MAZZINI . To press on against the common foe with an Unswerving , and , if it may be ,, a united impulse , for the sake of the public good ; to sacrifice personal . dislike , selfish pretensions , petty ambitions , petty jealousies , petty grudges , paltry rani cours ; to beware ( as of a mischievous folly ) of treating as enemies after the defeat those whom we bad welcomed as comrades during the combat ; that is what the Socialists believe to be , in'he present juncture , the duty of every true Renublica ' n .

      For a man who , up to the very day of the battle , was allied with the Socialists violently to attack the Socialists ; on the day after that baltle has been lost ; to waste on them , the oppressed , tbe . -hatred due to . their oppressors ; and in the very heart of the party , to fan Ihe flame of discord with a common disaster might well have extinguished : and all this by recriminations devoid of justice , and incapable of uspfulness , without-a pretext , without an excuse ; thus to stir up a civil war among fellow exiles w » proscriptions , and to raing le a voice , which had hitherto given itself out as one of our own , with tbat odious concert of anathemas in which tbe people ' s enemies vent all their fury ; this is the office which M . Maii ' nihw undertaken to fulfil .

      Having appointed himself , of his own selection , to the office of Procureur-General of the European Republic ( as it is fashioned in his system ) , he will not be astonished at his election in that quality not-being -ratified- From the office of accuser , then , let him descend to the character of " ac cused . " We accuse M . Mazzini of imitating Louis Bonaparte , who , in order more effectually to exterminate the Socialists , used their own formulas as a screen to pretend that he desires associations , state credit , taxation on luxuries , primary instruction and equal education for all , in the very article in which be slanders tbe men who have wasted their . existence not merely . in demanding these things , but in seeking out the means of obtaining them , is an artifice unworthy of a Re - publican soul .

      We accuse M . Mazzini of having falsely invoked against the Socialists that progress which they serve—that sovereignty of the people" which they proclaim—that liberty which they adore . "We accuse M . Mazzini of having come forward , in the name of bis mere individuality , to decry solutions sought out by men of heart , at the cost of a whole life ' s repose ; the generous sincerity of whose aim is even now being expiated by some in dungeons , by others in exile , by nearly all in destitution , by all in sorrow . We accuse M . Mazzini of having descended to a pitiable contradiction , when he acknowledgeson the one hand ,

      , that a better organisation of society can only issue out of the concurrence of all the human faculties , and , on the other hand , declaims against individual efforts and partial researches , without which that concurrence -would be impossible . Of « hat would" that continuous revelation whereof he speaks consist , if not of a series of particular and successive revelations ? ' Yes , God is God , and Humanity is His prophet . The Socialists'have used these words long before Mazzini . But humanity is composed of men who think , and who interchange their thoughts . Where would be the concert without tho voices of which it is composed ?

      _ ., We accuse . M . Mazzini of having applied to the Socialists , in a pernicious sense , the word " sectarian" ; an insult which , in all times , has been launched against the apostles or the martyrs of new truths b y the defenders of old abuses ; an insult wbich the Pagans employed against the Christians , the Catholics against the Protestants , for the same homicidal results that preceded and prepared the judicial assassination of Jehn Huss , the massacre of the Thaborites , the extermination of the Albigenses . " We accuse M . Mazzini of imputing to the . Socialists that distinction between Socialists and Revolutionists which . they on tbe contrary have always rejected , seeing that-they deem themselves Revolutionists par excellence—men whp do not aim simply at a displacement of power , but at tbe transformation of society itself . '• • • ,-.

      We accuse M . Mazzini of declaring , indeed , that the word republican is enou « h for him , whin we see that it is also enough for General Cavaignac , for example , who , in June , 1848 , fired grape-shot on the people . We accuse M . Mazzini of reproaching the Socialists with the worship of the individual , - when he is the very man whom tho most distinguished of his countrymen reproach with incessantly substituting himself for his country , to such a degree , that he has accustomed the press to speak of the Mazziniabs , when it is tho Italians with whom they are concerned .

      We accuse M . Mazzini of describing the problem of material interests as the sole object of the Socialists' prepossessions , when , on the contrary , it is certain , it is proved by their writings , that their chief aim is to enlarge the horizon of human thought , to elevate the standard of human dignity , to render accessible to all the sources of intelligence ; when it is certain , and proved by all their writings , that if they desire with a powerful and indomitable ardour the suppression of pauperism , it is especially because pauperism retains man in ignorance , drives him to vice , encourages him in envy and in hatred , forbids him tbe noblest joys of love , and tends to degrade or to stigmatise bis immortal soul .

      We accuse M . Mazzini of lending to the Socialists that definition of life—Life is the search after happiness , whilst he allows it to be understood in the sense that tho only happiness they aspire after is a personal and selfish gratification ; whereas the definition adopted by them is , Life is the accomplishment of a duty ; A duty determined by the end they ascribe to their political actions ^ the moral , intelectual , and physical amelioration of the poorest , and most numerous class , and this formula , by the way , belongs to St . Simon , in whose name Mazzini considers it a shame to speak . We accuse M . Mazzini of endeavouring to make tho world believe that to regenerate the people by fattening them is the ignoble doctrine of the Socialists , and of advancing , as a proof of the charge , these words : To every

      man according to his wants . Does ho not know that , in the language of the Socialists , these words which express the right , have always been preceded by those which express the duty : from every , man according to his faculties ? Why does he mutilate the formula ho has caught up , when to mutilate is to calumniate ? Does be know what that means , from each man according to his faculties f That means that the man who can do most ought to do most ; that the strongest is bound to employ his strength for the profit of the weakest ; that the most intelligent fails in his mission , in that mission which is written as in a living hook in his own oganisation , if he does not admit his brothers , who are poor in intellect , to enjoy the benefit of his intelligence . Is that a doctrine of sordid materialism 1 Is that perchance the theory of egotism ? We accuse M . Mazzini of confounding with what he calls a vague cosmopolitism that leads to inaction , tbe fervent ,

      active , indefatigable reverence for humanity , considered as a great family , and not as a heap of jealous individualities . And we accuse him of declaring this iniquitous war against Socialism when the true enemy ia before him , not by his side ; when the victory to be won over an unexampled tyranny can only be won by the union of all our forces ; when it is more than ever important to abstain from every intestine quarrel ; when it is notorious that it is on the Socialists that ( to their eternal honour ) tbe weight of counter-revolutionary hatred . chiefly presses ; when M . Mazzini cannot take arms against them without finding himself supported in his attacks , and not only in their substance , but in their very form , by tbe writers of the " Constitutionnel" and of " L % Patrie , " by the surviving pamphleteers of the Rue de Poitiers , by the Orleanisfc editors of the " Bulletin Frangais , " by the surpliced libellists of M . de Montalembert , and the epauletted lampooners of M . Louis Bonaparte .

      It is not at all , as M . Mazzini seems to think , because it has been said tbat France owes to Europe the solution of the problem of tbe organisation of labour , tbat Franco has had to suffer the shame Of the 2 nd of December ; such a disgrace she has owed rather to a series of abominable calumnies against Socialism ( calumnies which M . Mazzini now assists in spreading ) , which have disseminated alarm ; she owes it to that word action , which tbe Socialists were ever careful to connect with tranquilising ideas of scientific progress and social organisation , and which M . Mazzini , on the contrary , has always kept vague , unexplained , undefined , signifying war , nothing but war , proclaiming revolution for the sake of revolution , and abandoning everything else—to the ba ? ard of events !

      What have been the consequences ? The &

      task , our hearts will not bo slow to regain the path of his . Although wo remain proud of our country , for thesako of what she has already done for humanity , for the sake of what sbe will yet do hereafter , and in spite of her present humiliation , it shall not' be ours to isolat ? her in the struggle , any more than in the victory . Let Italy , if she be the first to be free , aid us to work out our freedom ; we will bless her . "We believe , too , sincerely in the mutua ' l responsibility ( sulidarite ) of the peoples , to rejpet all fraternal succour , exclaiming Fran . cta . fara da se ; and we CODgratU * late M . Mazzini on having called us to united action , for it was he who once said , Italia fara da se , when Italy was in a situation to be succoured , and France able to save .

      There is something of more importance than to inscribe the word justice on his standard . aaM . Mazzini insists ; it is to have the sentiment in his heart . God , People , Love , Association , Liberty , Truth , Equality , Virtue , the pood of all , no doubt these are admirable words , but to rally the grand army of tbe future it is necessary to have more than words . It is requisite to have a progamme formed , whieh shall express the deep , the piofound , sense of these words . Things , and not phrases , are wanted . Phrases * They were always at the service of hypocritical tyrants , and of ambitious men ,

      M. Mazzini And The Trench Socialists. La...

      Let each of us , however , follow the solution which he believes himself to have found ; let him write according to his conscience . M . Mazzini wishes to permit it ; only whoever dares to avail himself of the right , must expect to be excommunicated by him . Oh I prodigious inconsistency . And now , in exchange for the lesson which he gives to French Democracy , we will give him some advice . First , let him . learn from us what ho is , of what he is capable , what he is worth . We do not disown'him , it is he who disowns us . His part is this , and this only , to work for the independence of his country ; and we agree that , for the purpose of expelling the Austrians from Italy , action , such as he understands it , may suffice .

      Here , and before proceeding further , we should be authorised to inquire if M . Mazzini is , in all respects , the man even for the part he has to play . For , tho first quality of a man © faction is practical sense , and in this M . Mazzini is absolutely wanting . With what is it , indeed , that he reproaches the Socialists ? Ho has declared , with a naivete of imprudence that ho reproaches them with an endeavour to seek positive solutions . Positive , be it understood ! Thus , the ideufindingits incarnation in the fact , M . Mazzini is perplexed , and plagued , and annoyed . To remain with ramhlino . ' indefinite . ideas , would suit him bettor . Tbat

      "life should be left to manifest itself in the plenitude of aspiration and of capacity ; " that " man should be re-made in the image of God , " M . Mazzini would be satisfied . The how to accomplish this alarms him . Ho will have no systems , He does not require for his programmes more than a certairi . nnmber of grand sounding words , Sesquipedalia , verba . Such is the man who thunders against the Utopists . Utopist ! It is under this title that a crowd of Italians , in Italy itself , pursue this very man . They , mor » nioso than he in their reasonings on tho policy of i ction , Jtt-f- « That M . Mazzini has neuer acted but tbrougn cocret correspondences , which have created peril—he being at a

      distance . . ¦ . . . ' That his single act has been the expedition to Savoy ; his own affair of Boulogne—an adventuro attempted in an honourable spirit , but badly conceived , badly contrived , and . militarily conducted by a-general long known as a traitor . That , having arrived at Rome after the Pope had been put to flight—after tho Republic had been proclaimedafter the Revolution-had been completed—he went to sleep in pompous uselessness between the work of tbo constitution and the toils of its defence : between Saliceti , who held the pen of Republican Rome , and Garibaldi , who . wielded its s . word . .. - . That he has been wanting , according to the expression of Ricciardi , in revolutionaTy capacity .

      Tbat he has been—this blind enemy of ideas—an ideologist of inconsistencies and im pertinencies . Tbat a maladroit plagiarist of the Idea of Unity , bor « rowed from France , in wishing to apply it at all hazards to Italy , he has consulted neither the intelligent state of the country , nor its local c ircumstances , nor its situation , nor the prqper hour * ¦•• ; That , in complicating the question of independence , he has compromised it . . . That he has . done an immence injury to his country in sacrificing to his own Utopia the necessity of detaching from the common cause Piedmont , vfhicll had all : organisation , money , and soldiers . , Tbat , in short , he was making speeches , while at Novarra they were dying in battle . To prevent Italy from becoming an assemblage of Free States , had not M . Mazzini then only to present himself , and to say , "I am Wallenstein ' . " This is just what nobody but himself has believed .

      M . Mazzini is ono of the representatives—one" of the artisans—of Italian independence . The part he has to play is sufficiently noble—let him confine himself to it . By what right would he pretend to link France to the conditions that ? history imposes upon Italy ? We hava not Austrians in the centre of our towns '' What we have to driveaway from us is not the foreigner , it is falsehood . What we have to conquer and achieve is not independence for the . advantage of our country ; it is the realisation of justice . for the advantage of all the countries of the earth . By Vhat excess of pride would M . Mazzini desire to imprison . 'in "the mission which especially concerns Italy , and which interests the whole world ? For French Democracy has received from the eighteenth century , and from therevalution ,, an' inheritance which is a command tbat it shall labour and toil , wider a penalty of rendering sterile tha floods of heroic blood in which it v / as drowned by our fathers . And it is this sacred work M . Mazzini would dare to interdict to us !

      Action ! does he cry out ? but to endeavour to enlighten mankind , this , then , is not action . He who destroys an error , puts to flight innumerable legions armed for the support of the error . Men have not only arms ; they have intelligence , —they have heart : arms to become and remain free ; intelligence to comprehend that they are equals ; hearts to feel tbat they are brethren . Tho human being is triple in his essence . Triple also in action in its most general effect . - that action of which M . Mazzini talks so much without comprehending it . Our fathers understood it well when they united us in a league to explain , to develop philosophically , to realise practically , the three terms of their magnificent formula—Liberty , Equality , Fraternity—inseparable terms , of which M . Mazzini , with a sacrilegious band , effaces the most touching and the most profound . Yes , to enlighten is to act ; and , after all , the action of gunpowder is not equal to that of the sun .

      To write for the right , to suffer for the right , to dio for the ri g ht—all this is beautiful—all this is grand . The Socialists know it ; they have proved it . Their blood has streamed over the barricades of tho 2 nd of December . It is well that M . Mazzini should remember it ; and if M . Mazzini had chanced to be at that time in Paris burning with indignation , tbo brave- Dussoubs would have placed him where he would be side by side with death . But M . Mazzini does not perceive that in confining action to physical force , he unmasks the falso side of that spiritualism which he parades . Under his mystical phrases we denounce the grossest materialism . When he severs from the duty of action the operation of the mind and of the soul , it is he who animalises humanity .

      Ah ! it is al ! very well for him to call holy tbe reaction which he preaches . This reaction ( and in fact it is reaction ) would be criminal ; if it were not senseless . Let us reveal to M . Mazzini , who is self blinded , tho secret of his own heart . As in him vague aspirations replace that solid faith , those inflexible beliefs upon which the conscience roposes immovable , ihe spectacle of evil triumphant has confounded-him . " Let us attempt a reaction" be has said to himself , " sincere reactions succeed . Let us act after tbo fashion of the power that has wealth and armies at its bidding , since the policy is effectual . Let us attack the Socialists , since in attacking them we become masters of the field ; " and thereupon a vertigo has seized him . Ho has had the puerility to imagine tbat tyranny could only be crushed by its own weapons . ! He has done to truth the wrong of doubting its power . He has lost all serenity ,

      ' To such a degree , that , even living : in England , he has not perceived the movement that surrounds him . No ! he has seen neither those thousands of workmen who combat by association , nor the immense impression which this fact haa produced , nor the power of that action , calm , Silent , and thoughtful . In the work of universal progress each people takes part , according to its own genius . Why does not M . Mazzini require from the workmen of tho Amalgamated Society that they seek their emancipation by fighting like a band of Condottieri ? As for us , God preserve us from that apparent impetuosity which only conceals fainting and weakness . We are not impatient of Time ; while maintaining with energy the increasingly transforming operation of Socialism , we recognise in the people , as in God , the right to be patient , because he is eternal . Without pardoning discouragement or lassitude in a march so terrible and so Jong ,

      and while crying continually , Courage ! courage!—For . ward ! we are resolved not to sacrifice to the impatience of ambitious minds , anything that is just , anything that is true ; - The indignation that fills our souls does not obscure our sight—does not trouble our thoughts ; and M . Mazzini himself , when he insults ns , inspires us less with anger than with pity . He must have a government , a taxation , and a unity of operations ; he was exclaiming , only a few days ago , " We thirst for author ity ! " How can we doubt it ? The example of Louis Bonaparte has turned certain heads ; a man hews out a kingdom from his narrow ambition . He dreams of coups d ' etat ; he prepares a reaction , on the condition of calling it holy ; he takes the attitude of command ; he effects an imperial language ; he fancies that European democracy , for her part also , looks for her Cmsar J Melancholy aberraton of a man who loses his way for very ignorance of the aim and end he blindly

      seeks . Besides , who is this man , wo have a right to ask , that he should assume this'imperious tone ? What would his fame be worth , if it were hot for France , against whom , nevertheless , it would appear he never entertained feelings but of jealousy and hate . There is but one word which can fitly characterise tbe conduct of a man who avails himself of the reputation that a country like France has lent him to insult that nation ! for let it be well understood that it is the nation that M . Maz ? , ini desires to wound , when he strikes at the doctrine . There is but one word , we say , and that word is ingratitude . Senseless rage ! This man was nothing till France made him what he is : without her , he will be nothing again 1 Out of Italy , he is thought to possess great influence in Italy . Perhaps it is a mistake . Among the Italians whose courageor whose virtue , the

      , last revolution made conspicuous , where are the followers of M . Mazzini ? Is Montanelli ' Is Petrucoelli ? Is Sirtori ? I 3 Cattabeni ? Is Sterbini ? Is Cernuschi ? To what does the influence of M . Mazzini in Piedmont amount ? Ask Gioberti ? And in Sicilly ?—Ask Granatelli ! And at Naples ?—Ask Saliceti ? And at Venice ?—Ask Manin ; M . Mazzini , who personifies abroad the Italian democracy , only by usurping an authority which the most eminent citizens of Italy have hitherto had the generosity to suffer with silent indignation , starts np with a . sorry grace to declare himself the personification of the democracy of Europe . Let him commune with himself , and learn to measure his ambition by his strength . We do not deny him ; let-him , for his part , have the common justice not to deny Republicans , whose mission he cannot deny without annulling his own .

      The European democracy has no need of a Ctesar , especially since the 2 nd of December has shown tbe world of what a heap of crimen the success of modern Cicsars is built up ! ( Signed ) Bnumm . Pikrue Lerotjx . Louis BiiNC . Malabmet . Gabbt . Nadaud . LAWnOLPKl " . YASBK . vsrsiT . Joi . es Leuoux .

      Middlesex Sessions

      MIDDLESEX SESSIONS

      Tht April Quarter Sessions Of The Peace ...

      Tht April quarter sessions of the peace for the county of Middlesex were held on Monday by adjournment at the Guildhall , Westminster . ' Railwav Rohbbry . —George Stokes , 29 , pbaded G » % to indictments charging him with having committed a series of robberies on the London and North Western Railway , hut only three charges were preferred against him . *~* -I . n J « ne last he was convicted in the name of Philip smith f „ r a rohhgfy coramittftd at the Shorediich station of ihe Eastern Counties Railwav , and . sentenced to sis months ' imprisonment . —The learned " Judge said that if there had 2 S I tl ° C 0 - * il 1 lhe indiefmerit he should have senih » r- " ! f Pris ° ner to transportation . In the absence of raontl 19 Sentemi t 0 haid ^ bonr for eig hteen calendar

      Josenl , ? XL V CKA ^ o MAN .-Mary Bring , 52 , and Dr 2 £ & i , Were 8 e ^ a' ! y indicted ; the said Mary £ SftliJ ! ntrZ * J \ n ¦«*•• « d other articles , value and the said Joseph Drin-r tne t . !\ i . t i . 3 ame , well knowing thern S ^; £ n n 7 f ™? nS 5 from the evidence of the IT ^ T ff '"' PP ? Market-mr , Oifort . mirktt ^ fi , l 5 ,, or V . reS , dlng 1 ° v i i . J . ne " ^ ale prisoner was in his employ as charwoman . On Saturday niri ' t the 20 h u ... prosecutor left her in the house dnrinffi t mporarv absence of about half an hour . On his rem ™ E 2

      from a chest of drawers in the kitchen a caA-box , containing £ i 103 . m gold , six spoors , two pa -, 0 f sugar-tones two watches , a promissory note for £ 50 , an < j other nral perty , He told the female prisoner of his loss , but she " said she knetv nothing about it , and no person had been in the kitchen . She expressed her willingness to go to the station-house , and said she lived at 22 , Charks-street , Hatnpatead-road . From in ' ormation , he subsequently went to No . 24 , Grafton-place , Euston-aquare , where he found his cash-box with £ 7 10 s . iu gold , and tbe o ^ her articles he had lost from his house . It further appeared that the male

      prisoner had called at Mr . Dodd ' s bouse , and inquired for Mrs . Dring , who , on being informed of it , replied , " That : is my son . " - —The j « ry found both the prisoners Guilty , and the male prisoner was sentenced to ten years' transportation , and the female to ei ght months' imprisonment . Smuso Obanobs . —Charles Cannon , 20 , was indicted for having stolen sis oranges , of tho value of 3 d ., tho property ot the Great Western Railway Company , his employers . £ l \ e ^ ltiaoTier was a porter in the employ of tha company , and on the night of the 1 st inst . he and another

      porter , named Edwards , were detected by Charles Paris , the foreman of the porters at Paddingtoo , in the act of Helping themselves to oranges from a broken chest in one oi tne trucks . Six oranges were found in the prisoner ' s pocsets . Edwards was riischarged by the magistrate , there oemg no clear case against him , but he had hot been taken back into the service of the company . The i , uvy found tha prisoner Guilty , and he was sentenced to six months' hard labour . Mary Donovan , 22 , was indicted for having stolen five hooks , of the value of £ o , the property of Edward Martin To o lu . , nroseoutor was an architect , residing at Ko . 18 , isouth Audley-street , Grosvenor-square , and the books in question-bibles and prayer books—were stolen on the 29 th or 30 th of January from his seat in one of tho district churches of St . Georee ' s . Ilanover-souare . on the

      oust . The prisoner sold them for 7 s . < 5 d . to Mr . Pearson , bookseller , 242 , Blackfriars-road , telling him tbat they belonged to a young lady who had been in a convent , but Who was about to proceed to Prance , and was desirous of disposing of somo property . Mr . Pearson requested an authority from the ovm & r , and tbo prisoner produced a note m which she was authorised to sell the books , and which purported to have been written by the sister of the ' alieged owner of them . The prisoner was proved to have been in the church from which thebooks were stolen shortly before they were missed . , The prisoner in her defence persisted thatthe story she'had told -Mr . Pearson was correct , and said . she . had , written to tho . Rev , Mr . Welsh , of Mooriields Roman Catholic Chapel , to ' send the person who had instructed ' ihe ' r toselll ' the'books , bub he had not anssvered her letter , nor" Bad ' - he sent the young lady . The jury found the prisoner , guilty ,-and she was sentenced to six months' hard labour-. . .. . -.

      Assault . —Joresph Gale and John Weygood appeared ia discharge of their bail , in answer to an indictment charging them with . having committed an assault upon Henry Spicer , a broker ; . wiidsfc in the execution of his duty . —Mr . Spicer in detailing the tacts of tho case , said the prosecutor was a broker , and the defendant Gale was a man , who , lor tllfl last three years , had occupied a house , No . 20 , Newland * street , Pimlico , without troubling himself to pay any renfe whatever . Becoming so troublesome a tenant , and the house falling into a dilapidated statpj the landlord beuwns extremely anxious to get rid of him , and aa an indu « euiv . nft to him he expressed his willingness to fowgo all th ' . iS ' -i that was duo and give him £ 10 to give up ¦ possession , Th H (! t > « , demand of £ 50 before he would budge au ir . oh , or aiiow too landlord to hava possession of his own propm-tv . Tho ,. ;

      exorbitant terms were rejected by the land ' cro , nnd be thereupon determined to put into the house a distress ior the recovery of the rent and possession ,. and the prosecutor , a broker , on the 29 th of February went there for that purpose , but had no sooner entered tban he was summarily ejected vi et amis by the defendant Gale . However , on tha 2 nd of March he made another entry , when the assault which formed the subject of the present prosecution took place . The defendant Gale then resisted his entry by taking up an axe , with which he aimed a blow at prosecutor ' s head , and which inflicted a severe Wow on bis face , and for which assault ho now sought tbe protection of the law . The warrant authorising the prosecutor to enter tne house of the defendant not having been produced in court when called for , the learned judge said the jury had no alternative bat to return a verdict of not guilty , vihish they did accordingly .

      The Albury Murder-Exectjios Of The Murde...

      THE ALBURY MURDER-EXECTJIOS OF THE MURDERER . Contrary to usual custom , the execution of John Keene , a labourer , aged twenty , for the murder of an illegitimate child of his wife ' s , took place at nine o ' clock on Tuesday morning , instead of Monday . Barricades were erected at i several points to keep back the crowd , but notwitbsfcand- ing the precaution , the multitude pressed forward and I took up the best position they could obtain witbin the ) barricades . At about a quarter before nine o ' clock tha j persons assembled could not have numbered less than 5 , 000 .. At nine o ' clock the door on tho top of the platform leading J to the scaffold was opened . Tho chaplain , the constable ,, the culprit , the executioner , his assistan s , and the deputy- « governor and his assistants , appeared , and the crowd J below hallooed , hooted , screamed , cheered , and hissed 1

      most vociferously . For about two minutes the chaplain a spoke to the guilty man , and appeared to impress him with h the necessity of repentance for the crime Which ho hadd committed . Be gave , however , no indication of peoitence , e , but moved his hand as if he wished to be rid of all impor « r « tunity . Tho culprit then ascended the ladder leading toto the drop with a firm step . Ho was dressed in corduioyoy trousers , with a smockfrock , which was wicked up & bou " m " his body as far as his waist . His face was sunburnt , oi oi rather weather-beaten . He advanced to the drop with t i determined step , coughed two oi * three times , and madewnt indication of resistance or sensitiveness when the whit « it < cap was pulled over his face . In adjusting the rope thithi executioner pulled . it roughly over the nose of the prisonener and was very awkward in adjusting it round the neckek Neither the chaplain nor any of tho officials , except ththj hangman and his assistants appeared on the platform , anam

      it was a matter of observation that the prisoner was none dressed in the dress usually worn by prisoners who arar executed . When the fatal moment arrived for withdrawaw ing . the bolt , the excitement in the crowd was intensense There was a sudden jerk , the drop fell , and tbo body cr o the culprit , still convulsed with life for a moment , awumum in the air . For more thau a minute there were i « ns os o life , and tbe muscular power of the man exhibited itself lit u convulsive throes . Ho died bard , but in little more than an t minute the lifeless body moved backwards and forwurds is n the air . The crowd gradually dispersed ; and after hanging ins the prescribed time the body was cut down and bnrieiriei within the prison , in the place assigned for the intermeraien of tho bodies of murderera .-The culprit made no confesses sion . but adhered to his declaration of innocence , am am asserted that it was bis wife who had murdered her chitd . ild .

      Vipiomtig Consiowju-Nts.—The Authorities...

      ViPioMTiG Consiowju-nts . —The authoritieshavingcojcoii side-red the practice under existing regulations with respesspe ; to officers accompanying to the place of destination articl'ticl : directed to be delivered duty free for ambassadors ocothoth privileged persons , theso regulations , vfhich have referemren t to certain regulations of the Excise , since repeu ed , ha , ha . been rescinded , and , directions have been issued that hat future only spirits , tobacco , and wine , delivered duty fity ft i for ambassadors or other privileged persons , be acoompanipani i to their place of destination by an officer of tbe Crown , wn , other articles being at once' delivered under proper auttautt t rity to the parties . du . ly authorised to receive them . Confirmed Hopes op Franklin , —At the last meeting ting tbe Royal Geographical SocietyDr . Rae ' s journal at I ot 11 ahorafior

      , long and arduous voyage of exploration on tho ^« -t » c r in search of Sir John Franklin , was read by ha fi ,, CD ; . , n' . ^ companion , Mr . Miles . As a proof of the energy ¦ an-J dna tid termination of this enterprising traveller , we mn *** »» " ™ he traversed almost entirely on foot , and completed a , ri a , « u vey and plan of 1 , 100 miles of the coast , making with tith t return , upwar dY ^ 0 O mi ^ discussion which followed Captw " VhTnnhlio from enh enfn he considered it his duty to cautioni he public from , ent < entu taining any expectation whatever of the return ajsaini ot ji ot ,, John f ranWin : Dr . Sutherland and Air Whitai on the otieotM bnnrf m „ inf 0 in « i \ . h « contrary , a «* d Sir R . Jlnrohuon-uon , ) ,

      concluding the controversy , stated tm t .. e hopes be kbe 11 nlrpadv PxnrBsied in favour of Sir John Dranhlm ' s be s bee he eSedXon . « nder , tbe ' ? ° . mand « f * r -K [** VdiBttoSBtto ! D ! 0 B in the mode of adjusting tho plaM ^ iSvivnng-^ n g- . attaching the copper wires , and manipulatjb ^ the ^ uiphtjuipb ^! acid used in galvanic batteries , it being inte . ^ d , to ' iako ; iai '« the Arctic regions a number of tubes cbarged * with' vtwth ' vtwni pounds of gunpowder each , to be used in bursting ,. the ? ,. thee In order to force a passage up Wellington ( Mjtoul with ! withh steamers of the expedition , J V ( i ; Va : i :

  • Citation
    • Northern Star (1837-1852), April 17, 1852, page 7, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse.ac.uk/periodicals/ns/issues/ns2_17041852/page/7/