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Apbil 18. 1846. im THENQRTHERN STAR, 7
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Jtorign iHotomfltf&
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" And I will war, at least in words, (An...
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CONDITION OF THE LABOURERS IN THE ROMAN ...
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visitintue Yessei Nichoms at Sba.—The iship of the line called ' Russia/'isau overwhelming proof of the despotism
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jMcuoias. un g wuue uu *..v stocks', he ...
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* Referring to the information given to ...
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THE POLISH INSURRECTION
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ADDRESS OF THE FRENCH COMMITTEE. The cen...
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Accounts from Lcmberg state that one of ...
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Sanftrupte, &c*
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BANKRUPTS. (From Tuesday's Gatetls, Apri...
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Corrasjwiflttiwfc
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DEATII PUNISHMENTS. TO THK KDIKin OF TII...
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• The account of the execution was taken...
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PROCLAMATION!
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[The following significant document has ...
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As tiXTRAOBDiaARY Miser.—On Monday after...
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fflaxM hmuiffm*
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London Cons Exchange, Monday, April 13th...
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PROVINCIAL CORN MARKETS. Richmond (Yorks...
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STATE OF TRADE. Masciiester.—There is li...
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Transcript
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Note: This text has been automatically extracted via Optical Character Recognition (OCR) software. The text has not been manually corrected and should not be relied on to be an accurate representation of the item.
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Apbil 18. 1846. Im Thenqrthern Star, 7
Apbil 18 . 1846 . im THENQRTHERN STAR , 7
Jtorign Ihotomfltf&
Jtorign iHotomfltf &
" And I Will War, At Least In Words, (An...
" And I will war , at least in words , ( And—should my chance so happen—deed * , J With all who war with Thoug ht !'' « a think I hear a little bird , who sings Tbe people byandby will be thestronger . -Brae * .
THE MARTTBS FOR ITALIAN LIBERTY . BX JOSETH MAZZI 5 I . ATTILIO ASD EJIILIO BASDIERA . ( From the People ' s Journal . } Ta foresee the future of a cause or of a people I know n 0 better method than to study the history ot itsMartyr ? . I am aware that every factum has its martyrs also . I tnow that men die from ambition , from vanity , from devotion to an individnal , to a race , to the memories of the past : bntthis is always at the heig ht of a crisis , when the passions are in fall f lay , when the blood is stirred by the struggle , by the fever of anger , by the smell o : powder and ofthe battle-field , and it is almost always in a manner somewhat theatrical , betraying effort , placing itself in attitude , dressing itself , as if to supply , by an appeal to human forces , whatever of justice and futurity is wantjog to the cause for which it dies . Then , that lasts not . It is the brief , fragmentary tiadition of a sect ; it is not
tfe lone , uninterrupted , wide , and progressive tradition of a BtwGios . Between saints and fanatics , God has p laced sioiw which every earnest man can easily recognise . But when you see , during a long series of years , ( I might almost say of ages ; for the list of the martyrs of the free Thought of Italy , commenced by Dante , has been regularly continued even to now , ) men of all ages , sndjall classes , raising themselves , their brows pure from thought of crime , calm-hearted , high soaring , and religious , to protest ; by the suord or by the pen , against irate force , and djiug with a smile—then yon may say , without fear of deceiving yourself , that there is athought of God fermenting in theheart of a great people . Such men are Apostles ; their tomb is an Altar . It matters little that they have not succeeded ; others will conquer in their name . The Angel of Martyrdom is brother to the Angel of "Victory ; but , since the Crucified , we fcnow that it is only when the first raises his eyes from earth to heaven , that Godsends the second to realise a new line of his law upon earth .
The list of Italian Martyrs is very long ; some dead in prison , others in exile , the least unfortunate on the scaffold . I shall choose from this list the most remarkable of those belonging to the different epochs of onr attempts . And I shall commence with the most recent ; because , either personally or by correspondence , I have known them , and my mind naturally recurs to them , whenever I think of the sufferings and of the hopes of ray country . But whether I speak of my contemporaries , or of those who have lived before me , I shall assert nothing which is not historically averred . Any declamation on men who have put their life and their death to the service of an idea , seems to me a profanation .
The name of tbe brothers Bandiera has been often pronounced ; but very few know anything of them beyond the simple fact of their adventurous enterprise and tragical end . What they were , what a life of vir tues and of noble thoughts they could have devoted to their country , and through their country to humanity , if a country had not been denied them , is not known . And yet , this is most important to the cause for which they are dead ; this it is which elevates their enterprise to the consequence of a symptom of the state of things and of minds in Italy .
Attijuo asd Emtio Bakdiera sprang from one of the bid patrician famines of Venice , and—sons of the Baron Bandiera , rear-admiral of the Austrian marine , —bad followed the paternal career , and held high rank in the fleet , when they began to be known in the ranks of those secretly devoted to the success of the National Italian Cause . " I am aa Italian , " wrote Attilio , the elder of the tiro brothers , in the first letter I received frem him , dated August 15 th , 1 S 12 . — " lam an Italian , a soldier , and not proscribed . I am rather feeble in body , ardent at heart , very often cold in appearance . I seek to
temper my soul in the practice of stoical maxims . I believe in God , in a fatore'state , in human progress ; from humanity , taken as a point of departure , I descend in my thoughts to country , to one ' s family , to the individual 1 hold as certain that justice is the base of all right ; 1 have long concluded that the Italian cause is but a dependence « f that upon manldud , and I console myself for all the difficulties ofthe present bv thinking that to serve Italy is to serve humanity a together . I have therefore decided to devote all my being to the practical development of these principles . "
And in a letter , Emilio , in his turn , said to me , " We wish for a country free , united , republican . We ^ propose to ourselves , to have no faith but in the national means , sot to count upon foreign succour , and to throw down the gauntlet of defiance when we shall be sufficiently strong . " How did they arrive at this ! they , soldiers , bound by all the exigencies of discipline , deprived of all contact with the patriots of the Peninsula , living on shipboard , now at Smyrna , now at Constantinople , another time in Syria , where they distinguished themselves in the action of the combined English _ and Austrian forces , scarcely greeting with their eyes the vanishing shores of their country . "I have never been able to read till the other day , " said Attilio , in the letter 1 have quoted , " a single writing of Toung Italy . " And yet they had already , at this period , orgauistd an important work en the identical bases . The Italian spirit fermented in them in
virtue of then- origin . The Austrian uniform weighed upon their breast ; the Austrian Sag floating over vessels manned almost exclusively by Italians , appeared to them an outrage . And the name which they bore , devoted to the universal reprobation of Italy , in consequence of the arrest by the father , at sea , in 1 S 31 , and in contempt of the capitulation of Ancona , of the patriots who were leaving for Prance , gave to their desire of action an additional impulse . In their most private talk they avoided all allusion to their father ; bat one saw in the fire of their sad and sombre regards that they felt the want of rehabilitating this tarnished name . For the rest they fulfilled all their domestic duties . They passionately loved their mother . Attilio was both husband and fatier , hut the duty of raising a young seal to the worship ofthe Just aud the True , reinforced his duties towards his country , and his wife , since dead of grief , was worthy of him .
I am not able to state here what tbe two brothers wished to do , or tbe causes which nullified the results of the Italian agitation of ISM . Bat , as in all prolonged preparations , treason was already , in the commencement ot that year , creeping into onr ranks . Denounced , first to their father , then to tbe Austrian government , by a man who had feigned to enter their ranks , they were compelled to fly , towards the end of February , 1814 , during the night , in a little boat , to two different points ; Emilio alone , Attilio with an old soldier , Mariano , who desired to follow him , and who now expiates his fidelity in the dungeons of Santo Stefano , in the kingdom of Naples . " How will they support this ruin ! " wrote Attilio , at the end ofthe letter which announced to me the treason and their flight—" my poor mother and my wife , frail creatures , perhaps incapable of resisting such great
trials ! Ab 1 to serve humanity and one ' s country has been , and will be always , 1 hope , my first desire , but 1 must confess that it costs me much . " His wife had been informed by Emilio , at Venice , of their projected flight ; die had kept the secret from the family , without letting them a single instant divine what she suffered . But when she knew Mwi out of reach , grief got the better . She died a short time after . She was fair , good , and brave . And if 1 had not long firmly believed that the man and woman who , loving each other , die of suffering , must one day be re-unitcd as angels in some holy mystery of eternal love , the sole thought of this woman dying of a broken-heart , without unjust irritation , and without complaint , for the man , who himself some months after was to die in his turn , in bearing witness for his iaifh , and doubtless thinking of her—this sole thought would be sufficient to give me such belief .
Emilio had repaired to Corfu . The Austrian government , afraid of ib : moral effect which the flight of the two officers must produce in Italy , in revealing to all how the Italian spirit was at work even in their arm ; , endeavoured to make them appear as mutinous children , and to prevail on them to accept a pardon . " The Archduke Rainieri , " wrote Emilio to me on the 22 nd of April , "Viceroy of the IiOmbardo-Venetian kingdom , sent one of his people to my mother , to tell her tbat if she could succeed in bringing me back to Venice , he would engage his sacred word of honour , that , not only I should be acquitted , but restored to my rank , to my nobility , to Jmj honours . He added , that my brother , older than I , bad sot the same right to hope , but tbat the clemency of the Emperor Ferdinand was so great , that he would end very
probably by obtaining the same conditions . My mother believes , hopes , departs on the instant , and arrives here . I leave yon to imagine what I suffer at the moment lam writing to you . It is in vain that I endeavour to make her comprehend that duty orders me to remain here , that I should be happy to see my country again , but that when I shall direct my course towards it , it will not be to live an inglorious life , hut to die there a glorious death ; that my safe conduct in Italy rests henceforward on the point of my sword ; that no affection ought to he able to detach me from the Bag which I have embraced ; and that the flag of a king can he abandoned , —that of a country never . My mother , agitated , blinded by passion , cannot comprehend me , calls me impious , unnatural , assassin , and her tears rend mj heart ; her reproaches , well as I feel not to merit them , ate to me as so many strokes of a poniard ; but the desolation does not deprive me of mind ; I know that these tears and this anger fall
upon our tyrants , whose ambition condemns families to such struggles . Write me a word of consolation . " I know not what others will think ofthe refusal of Emilio , but to me , Emilio appears yet greater at this moment than when he fell calm and cool under the fire at Cosenxa . Many men think they low when they aspire to happiness , and in following the shadow here below , even in betraying their duty ; many women , alas ! educated in the selfish habits of despotism , preach , without knowing it , in the name of lore to their children or their husbands , tbe abandonment of the Law of God , the eternal worship of the Just and True . And lave , the purification of two souls , the one through the other , loses itself in the personal or sensual sppetite of the brute . But when Faith , to-day extinct in men ' s souls , shall have re-built iu Temple of Love , the saintlmess of tbe affection of Eoahu fur his mother , and his refusal , will be , I repeat in th « eies of all , the fairest flower in his martyr-crown . *
" And I Will War, At Least In Words, (An...
Attilio rejoined his brother at Corfu . They were no more separated . They received a citation to appear before the Austrian court-martial , to which they replied together by a refusal , expressed in some lines which were published in the Maltese journals . War was thus declared ; and another young officer , their friend from in . fancy , handsome as an angel , pure as a child , brave as a lion , Dohesico Mono , quitted then the „ 4 d * na , which hap . pened to touch at Malta , and went to say to them : tee have lived , laved , and suffered together ; together we trill die . For it was their clear purpose to die . The two Bandieras , open as they were to all great thoughts , were above all , men of action . They respired it at every pore
Impatient to bear witness , they sought on all sides to find the arena upon which to fling themselves . Ignorant of detail , they comprehend instinctively Italy , such as she is to-day : full oi national aspirations , but backward , uncertain in her knowledge of the means which compass great things ; rich in individual devetedness ; weak in anything like collective action : fretted by the common evil , a difference between theory and practice . The Italians , said they , need to learn that Ufe is but the realisation , the incarnation of thought ; that they only beKcre who feel the necessity of translating , come what may , into acts that which they think to be the True . Italy will live when Italians shall have learned to die . And for that there is no teaching bnt by example .
Thus they were determined to die . The severe carnage of Attilio , the serene piety of Emilio , betrayed the reflection of the same thought ; the first had the air of meditating the accomplishment of the mission he had ' imposed upon himself ; the second had bidden adkn to the things of earth , and waited tranquilly till the hour should sound upon the watch of his brother . They were consecrated victims , . Hearts devoted unto death . We all knew that . And jealous of preserving for better combined efforts , two such precious lives , we struggled desperately against the fatality of the idea which dragged them on . But they were too strong for us . During a brief time , whiU- we had only to straggle
against the sombre rapture of their sacrifice , we hoped to conquer , later , the Italian government , alarmed by informations to whieh I will not return , but which Englishmen will do well not to forget , * began to throw the weig ht of all their scoundrtlism into the scale , and we were lost . In June , the agents of the Neapolitan go . vcrnnient poured into their ears the most encouraging reports : Calabria was in flames ; bands of insurgents , overran the mountains ; they only waited for chiefs to develops their action ; and these chiefs were expected from among the Italian exiles . They believed them ; they sold all they had of jewels , of souvenirs of any value ; they converted them into arms , and set forth .
"In a . few hours , " —said the last letter I received from Attilio , written the 11 th of June , " we set out for Calabria If we arrive safe and sound , we shall do our best , militarily and politically . Seventeen other Italians follow us , exiles for the most part ; we have a Calabrian guide . Remember us , and believe that if we are able to set foot in Italy we shall be firm in sustaining those principles which we have preached together . If we fall , tell our countrymen that they imitate onr example . Life has only been given to us to employ it usefully and nobly ; and the cause for which we shall combat , and shall die , is the purest , the holiest , that has ever warmed human breasts . "
The rest is better known . A traitor had been placed among them ; he quitted them on the 16 th , as soon as they disembarked . He went by Cotrone , to declare to the government the direction th « y took , their plan , their force ; they wandered three days in the mountains , till atlast , reaching the village of San Giovanni in Fiore , usually ungarrisoned , they found themselves surrounded by forces twenty times inperior . They struggled , however : one of them , Miller , fell dead ; another , Moro , riddled with wounds ; two contrived to savo themselves in the mountains ; the rest were taken . The 25 th of July , at five in the morning , Attilio and Emilio Bandiera , with seven of their companions , Kicola Ricciotti , Domenico Mora , Anacarsi Nardi , Giovanni
Venerucci , Giaeomo Bocca , Francesco Berti , and Domenico Lonatelli , were shot to death at Cosenza . Their last moments were worthy of them . Tbey were awakened , the morning ofthe day , from a tranquil sleep ; they dressed themselves with care , with even a sort of elegance , as if they prepared for a religious solemnity . A catholic priest , who presented himself , was mildly repulsed . " We have sought , " said they , " to practise the law of the gospel , and to make it triumph at the price of onr blood . We hope that onr works will recommend ns to God , better than your words . Go and preach to onr oppressed brothers J" Arrived at the place of execution , they entreated the soldiers "to spare the face , made in the image of God . " They cried out Tica VltaVa ; and all was said .
Some months after , a letter reached one of our friends at Corfu , written twelve hours before the fatal moment , by one of those who fell with them . The calm solemn tone in which it is written , reminds me of the heroes of Plutarch ; and I bring it forward here , because it must suffice to prove what men accompanied the two brothers in their enterprise . To Signor Tito Savelli , Exoria , t in Coif a . Dear Friend , —I write to you for the last time : within twelve hours I shall be no more . My companions in misfortune are the two brothers Bandiera , Ricciotti , Moro ,
Venerucci , Roeca , lupatilli , and Berti . Your Brotherin-law is exempted from this fate , nor do I know to how many years he will be sentenced . Remember me to your family , and all friends as often as possible . If it be granted me , I will , before ascending to the Eternal , revisit the Exoria . Kiss for me my Dantef and all your children . When you think proper you may make known this my fate at Modena and to my brother . Receive the affectionate remembrances of all my companions . I embrace you . And am yours , Nabdi . From the condemned cell at Cosenza ,
24 th of the 7 th month , 1844 . P . S . —I write with handcuffs , and therefore my writing will appear as if written with a trembling hand ; but I am tranquil because I die in my own country , and for a sacred cause . Tbe friend who used to come on horseback was onr ruin . Once more , farewell .
Condition Of The Labourers In The Roman ...
CONDITION OF THE LABOURERS IN THE ROMAN CAMPAGNA . Romi , March 28 . —A few days ago this government provided for its subjects the spectacle of a public execution , into the details of which a correspondent enters , not leaving such to more competent hands . The law ' s delay had allowed the culprit to remain two years in prison before his final production , and his case is not unsuggestive of much sound teaching , not to the mere rabble who gathered round the spot , where of old Rienzi spoke , and where now the guillotine discourseth , bnt rather to those whom providence had made responsible for the conductof the modern Roman people . In the minutes of this trial it anneared that this youth of twenty-four had sought
over the campagna , from Fraseatite Ardea , for work , ' and had sought in vain , before resolvin g , first , © a tbe sale of his prayer book , which fetched three bajocchi ; and finally , on hilling the first man he met , a charcoal burner , who turned out to be as poor as himself . Now , wherefore was there no work ^ for Francesco Sciarra , in that widechampain , with its rich soil and its abounding pastures ? The answer is simple : these lands are either held in mortmain by the church or the monks ( two distinct ideas ) , or hy hospitals , or by such leviathan landowners as Borghese , Rospigliosi , Barberini , and ( a namesake of the criminal ) Prince Sciarra . The church lands are never improved by additional labour , because the incumbent has but a life tendency , and lives in Rome . The monks are
migratory or reckless . The hospitals are gigantic jobs , where the plunder is divided between the highest and the lowest functionaries—a mere fractional part finding its way to the original object and no funds can be spared for agricultural progress . The great land proprietors either have no taste for expensive improvements on a sickly entailed estate , or they have other and less creditable pursuits ; they feel themselves to be merecyphers in the ecclesiastical dominions , without the natural Influence of property and rank , and , therefore deem themselves not answerable for the pauperism around them . So between the aristocracy and the church ( the middle classes cannot get any land to purchase in the campagna ) , the labourers are as little cared for , as if
tbey were tenants of an Irish absentee , or squatters of tbat Milesian Eldorado , Derrynane Beg . They have a Corn Law here too , which attempts to regulate not only the import of grain , but is principally effective in preventing its export , which might be made most extensive and enumerating , but for the peculiar distribution ef property . Fertile tracts are only ploughed once every third year , being left the other two to be cooked (« ' etwee ) in the sun . The food of the working peasant is rarely bread , mostly Indian corn made into a moist cake , and having dried fruit , a raisin or something of that kind , frugally interspersed , to make the lump palatable . With this provender he goes forth to labour at a great distance from his dwelling , and returns at eve to a supper of wild herbsa little oil and vinegar .
, To return to the gallows : the prevalent feeling was of course pity for the young murderer , whose guilt was totally forgotten , and while the dismal preparation was being made , and pickpockets at work , masked pilgrims went round waking a collection for anticipative masses to benefit his soul , ivo one thought of including in the votive offering a bajoccho for the soul of the poor charcoal burner : the sympathy being all monopolised by the homicide , and none left for his victim . —Correspondent of the Daily News .
Visitintue Yessei Nichoms At Sba.—The Iship Of The Line Called ' Russia/'Isau Overwhelming Proof Of The Despotism
visitintue Yessei Nichoms at Sba . —The iship of the line called ' Russia / 'isau overwhelming proof of the despotism
Jmcuoias. Un G Wuue Uu *..V Stocks', He ...
jMcuoias . un g wuue uu * .. v stocks ' , he thought that there was not sufficient room to walk about , and , accordingly , commanded the space to be enlarged ; oven enforcing his opinion against that of competent judges . By consequence , this vessel is the very worst sailer in the whole Russian navy , and is very seldom employed .
* Referring To The Information Given To ...
* Referring to the information given to the Austrian government by Lord Aberdeen . —E . P . J . \ Exoria ( a Greek word , signifying exile , banishment ) is thename of tbebouse erected by tbe exiled Dr . Sarelli , in the district of Covacehiana , and where Nardi , too , was living . t Dante is a boy , the first-honi of Dr . Savelli , to whom Xardi nas godfather .
The Polish Insurrection
THE POLISH INSURRECTION
THE INSURRECTION NOT PUT DOWN . Wc before stated that the peasantry in Gallicia had refused to laydown their arms and resisted the Austrian authorities . It seems they have formed an entrenched camp in the forest of Niepolomiee . The Deutsche Alfgemeine Zcitung of the 5 th ' April gives news from Cracow of the 30 th March , which states that a peasant of thc name of Sala is at tbe head of the insurgents . It is on the following conditions alone that he intends to lay down his arms •—1 st . —Abolishment of the corvee . 2 nd . —Suppression of duties . 3 rd . —Salt not to be sold at a higher price than Is . -3 d . the cwt . ( salt , tobacco and stamped paper are the three great monopolies of the Austrian government . ) " 4 th . Division of property , one quarter to the nobles and three quarters to the peasantry . " that of
It is asserted a person eminent talents is at the head of the rebels at Tilsna , representing the civil power , whilst Sala is acknowledged military leader . London . Saturday . —A letter from Breslau ofthe 24 th ult . states that a band of insurgents , under a noble , is in occupation of the forests of the districts of Ostrolewka , which communicates with the famed forest of Biavclege , in Lithuania . This body is composed ^ a race of half noble peasantry , called Kurpies , who from remote time possess lands given to them by bishops or starosts , in remuneration of services rendered to thc church or to the country , ihe hurpjes , on multiplying , had partitioned out the lands in numerous portions , but when the estates of the clergy were confiscated by the government , they became tenants of the crown , without being subjected to suit and service . They live in the woods , engaged in the chase and in smuggling , and are excellent marksmen .
The National ot Thursday mentions having received intelligence respecting the situation of the Polish insurgents , and their present organisation . That journal , howover , does not consider it advisable to publish those details , but it announces as positive that on the 22 nd tbe insurgents bad an engagement with a squadron of Austrian cavalry , and completely routed it , with the loss of twenty-five killed . " This , " adds the National , Was not their only success . On hearing of that defeat , the commander of tbe troops concentrated round Tarnow immediately sent off twa battalions of infantry and three squadrons of cavalry . This force advanced against the insurgents , who fell back on a forest , where they had
thrown up someintrenchmentt . The Austrians marched the whole of the 23 rd , and , after a few skirmishes , they stopped on the approach of night . The insurgents lighted fires , but , instead of waiting for tbe enemy , they penetrated into the heart of ths forest , where they took up positions , little pervious to infantry , but quite inaccessible to cavalry . Whilst these events were passing to the south-west of Tarnow , another column of peasants , after being reinforced at Weroiki and Borec , surprised during the night the Austrian garrison of the small town of Che . sanow , and put it to the sword . Our correspondent furnishes us with the following particulars respecting the affair : — "The insurgents , " he says , " who maintained themselves in tbe forest , attacked in the night of th « 24 th of March a squadron of Austrian light horse , garrisoned in a village within a short distance of Ghesanow , a small town in the environs of Cracow . Every man of the squadron was either taken or killed . The peasants fight like lions since the Austrians wish to reduce them again to their former state of slavery . "
Address Of The French Committee. The Cen...
ADDRESS OF THE FRENCH COMMITTEE . The central committee for the Polish cause at Paris have issued the following : — " Polish nationality shall not perish ! " This declaration , emanating in France from thc three great powers of tho state , Poland does not cease to recall aloud by the voice of the battle , of exile , and of martyrdom . " Polish nationality withstands persecution , and even dismemberment , retrenching itself invincible behind its language and its faith . It professes the ingredients of great causes and future greatnessadherents and heroes .
" Polish nationality must not perish or nations must avow that they are but flocks of sheep , which the sword has the right to destroy ; Polish nationality must not perish , for it is necessary to the balance of Europe ; it would be an infringement on the most sacred rights—the rights of nations . " Poland has again turned upon her oppressors This is the eighth time they have risen in arms , invincible faith in the immortality of their country , and in the wonderful justice of the Lord ; and so fruitful in this faith that , weighed down by oppression in exile , they made a step in advance towards their national independence . " Till no ' w , the Polish nobles alone bore tbe brunt of the combat , and fell as victims to the sacrifice . It was sad , but perhaps it was just . The people shared but slightly iu the revolution . Slaves to the corvee and hinds from their birth , they would but have changed masters .
"The present movement opens a new era for Poland . " Instructed by experience and thc advances of civilisation the Polish nobles perceived that no formidable coalition could be overcome without the aid of the people , and at the manifesto of Cracow they came enthusiastically from all quarters . "In vain did a Machiavellic policy , aware of the dangers , endeavour to change an appeal to'libcrty to an appeal to communism , the signal of a nation ' s freedom resounded in the hearts of the Sclavonians Religion gave its blessing and its sanction . Thc national clergy , the manifesto in one band , and the crucifix in the other , placed themselves at the head of the insurgents . The character of this movement touched the different chords of nations , and brought
forth a harmonious accord . Poland enters irrevocably into the order of things proclaimed by France in 1789 ; France acknowledges and owns this new act of fraternity between the two people . " Poland was gradually preparing for this renovation . Associated in the defence of these principles of liberty , she had always on the battle-field mixed her blood with our blood , and her ideas with our ideas . She sympathised in our victories , as in our defeats . In 1830 , she rose at tbe sound of our revolution ; and from the fall of Warsaw dates the decline ofthe principles of liberty on earth . " However languid and weak public opinion may appear in France , it is nevertheless ready to answer
to the call of Poland . Religion , tbe arts and sciences , the tribune , and the press , every power we possess , are ready to share in this sentiment , ever young , in this interest , ever great . "Convinced of the eternal attachment of France to the Polish cause , the central committee follow the example of Poland ; they do not despair , they do not relinquish their labours ; the moment is come for energy and action , they offer their devotion and their concurrence to their fellow-citizens . " The impulse is given , public sympathy for the Polish cause increases every day ; it must be nourished and cultivated ; we must propagate ideas which will induce the government of free nations to follow a generous line ot policy .
" To this end the central committee call upon all the friends of the liberty of nations , of the freedom of conscience " Poland saved Christendom ; she shielded her very oppressors of to-day against the blow of the Islams . Advanced guard of progress and liberty towards the ei « t , her mission is not fulfiled : Poland is not doomed to perish ' . " Paris , 25 th March , 1846 . "
Accounts From Lcmberg State That One Of ...
Accounts from Lcmberg state that one of the leaders of the peasantry , called Sedlaez , has been arrested . He declared that if he was not immediately set at liberty , he feared for the fate of Tarnow . The authorities set him free , after making him promise to use all his influence to engage the peasantry to resume their works . The Courtier Franeais announces the arrest of M . Tissowski , who exercised the functions of Dictator during the insurrection at Cracow . He had escaped into Saxony with a French passport , and it was believed that , notwithstanding the appeal to the French Minister at Dresden for protection , he would be delivered by the Saxon police into the hands of the Austrian authorities .
In the district of Bochnia , the peasants are led by Koryga , in that of Sandecz , by a peasant of the name of Janocha . Thc letter of the Emperor "to bis faithful Gallicians , " was received with the greatest contempt . When one of the commissaries , who was sent to treat with them , alluded to the property of the murdered men , saying that it belonged to the widows and orphans they had left— " We have killed the old dogs , it is no hard task to strangle the young ones , " was their only answer . Two of thc commissaries sent by the government have been killed , though each was accompanied by an armed force . The Cologne and Breslau journals say , " Gallicia is become a desert ; the bands of peasants that scour the country arc so well organised , that it will be a
difficult matter to put them down . They have not the slightest regard for the authorities ; they tear down the proclamations exhorting them to return to their work ; and they demand tbelands whose owners they have murdered . There are men among them who persuade them that they have saved the land , and that they must not lay down their arms till their rights have been acknowledged . All persons peacefully inclined fly the country ; thc public offices are vacant ; government has offered a higher salary , but no one has been found willing to run the risk . " Such arc the facts published to-day . Instead of being suppressed , die insurrection has hut taken another turn , and is becoming a regular civil war .
We can state from good authority that a certain num ber of the insurgents of Cracow are with the peasants . In the diitrictof Rszcci , and towards theCarpalhian mountains , great disorders prevails , and the conflagrations are numerous ^
Accounts From Lcmberg State That One Of ...
trSn ? fffi ™*' ? 1 Mappea , ed agawst-the seques , Sm ^ hJ £ Unote " C 8 tate 8 . as « w community of F . Tnnrth We < m manand wlfe does not exist in Aus-Prin « P « fw * pr -Trt £ se 9 « estrated belongs to the « , ? fhl A ^ 18 k , » boru at Spaicha . It is said SJ ^ zy " emmnt ^ « teke ™ MaU'Xfc Agram ( Cr ° atia > ' 0 f *> 31 st of "The general assembly ofthe district of Szabolec took place on the 16 th ult ., andonthe following days . It numerousl attended
was y , owing to the events in Gallicia ., "In an extraordinary sitting , they decided on an appeal to the Emperor in favour of Poland , that the affairs ot that country might be regulated conformably to justice , and without thc effusion of blood . A petition will accordingly be sent to the Emperor . One of the speakers advocated that Gallicia should have a constitutional government , and that this was to be laid before the Diet . A convocation of tho Diet was likewise demanded"All the authorities have been requested to join in the petition for the convocation of the Diet . "
Replv . of the Emperor op Austria to tub Cboatun Remonstrance . —The Emperor of Austria has made the following reply to the remonstrances recently sent m by the nobles of Croatia against certain measures of tne government ;— " We have read with great dissatisfaction the representation in which you have dared to criticise the resolutions we have addressed to the general congregation of the United Kingdom , ana to direct outrageous attacks against the results of this congregation . Your representations are not only wanting j „ tnat re 3 pect ffhich is due to our rojal authority , but they denote also a want of respect for tho memory of your ancestors . Thoy proved , on all occasions , and in suitable terms , their attachment to our Imperial House ; but you have had the temerity , while referring to them , and turning the legal authority into derision , to pretend
to shield your unworthy attempts under the mantle of their fidelity . We the more disapprove of your conduct , as your remonstrance , dictated by this temerity , demonstrates in the most evident manner , that you have not reflected that you yourselves , as well as the States of tlio United Kingdom , have , at different times , laid complaints at the foot of the throne , pointing out the indispensable necessity of . reestablishing order in your assemblies . Consequently , to show ourselves what we have ever wished to be throughout tho continuance of our reign—the protector of laws and the preserver of order—we command you , exhorting you with firmness , not to lose sight of the fidelity and the respect you owe to us , to observe henceforth in your discussions the forms prescribed by the laws , in order that we may not be under the painful necessity of punishing those who prefer rashness to moderation . "
The Cologne Gazette announces tbat the representatives of the three Northern Powers , assembled at Berlin , had adopted the following resolutions relative to the republic of Cracow : — " 1 . The republic of Cracow will continue to be a free state . > " 2 . This state , however , shall not possess the privilege of re-organising her militia or of maintaining troops . t" 3 . The three Protecting Powers shall alternatively keep a garrison in the city of Cracow . " 4 . The ancient Royal castleshall be transformed into a citadel , to be defended by a park of artillery . " A letter from Dresden states the sum of 60 , 00011 . ( £ 5 , 000 ) , in bills , was found on the person of the dictator Tissowski , who is imprisoned in that city . He is said to have received these bills from the banker Wolff , of Cracow , and that the funds came from the government chest at Wielisza .
PROGRESS OF THE INSURRECTION . The National states , that its intelligence from Gallicia describes tbe insurrection as becoming daily more formidable . " Our correspondence , " itsays , — " Informs us that the Russian troops are reduced to complete inaction , the soldiers confining themselves to protect the security of the roads , and the insurgents being now masters of the country . A person from Vienna , connected with the government , writes that there at least 20 , 000 armed individuals who refuse obedience to the orders of thc civil and military authorities ofthe province . Their organisation , plans , and mode of manau vring had caused the greatest surprise to tho commander of the troopsand they
, had inferred from these circumstances that the insurgents had able chiefs at their head . To those particulars our correspondent adds— ' I havo been assured that the rural population of Ukraine , having been apprised of the events in Gallicia , had become agitated , not to murder its landlords , but to demand the abolition of forced labour , and quit and Crown rents , and the possession of a portion of the soil . Austria , not knowing the cause of the present agitation , imagined that it was rancorously excited by a great power ; but experience will prove to her that it has deeply-rooted natural causes , the irresistible action of which exercises its influence over upwards of 20 , 000 , 000 serfs . '"
Sanftrupte, &C*
Sanftrupte , & c *
Bankrupts. (From Tuesday's Gatetls, Apri...
BANKRUPTS . ( From Tuesday ' s Gatetls , April 14 , 1846 J Thomas Grooham , Chnrd , Somerset , baker —Jamet Wallace , Durham , grocer—James Roe , Manchester , drysalter—John Davis , Shrewsbury , draper . bankruptcy annulled . Charles Collins , Kidderminster , jam dealer , March 1 C .
dividends . April 23 , Thomas Robinson , Eccleston , Lancashire , lime burner—April 15 , James Cross , Bristol , provision merchant—April 15 , John Batchelor , Bath , Butcher-April 18 , W " m . Clarkson , Red Cross-street , City , boot and shoe maker—April 18 , Benjamin Jones , City-road , draper —April 18 , Christopher Blnckmore , Cork-street , tailor—April 15 , John Woollams , Charles-street , Manchestersquare , builder — John Frederick Cork and James Launcelot do Carle , New Bond-street , coach builders . Certificates to be granted , unless cause be shown to the contrary , on or before May 6 .
John Turner , Brook-street , Holborn , dealer in printing materials—Thomas Ellis , Great St . Helens , City , wine merchant — Sir John Ross , Gracechureh-street , City , banker—Jonathan Knights , Great Melton , Norfolk , cattle dealer—Charles Gibson , South-street , Grosvenorsquare , cheesemonger — Wm . Kearton , Lamb-street , Spital-sguare , cheesemonger—Samuel Harrison , Poole , provision merchant—Charles James Banister , Derby , linen draper—James Sisley , Margate , carpenter—John Dyer Williams , Newcastle-street , City , blacking manufacturer—Charles Henry White , Gravescnd , linen draper —Thomas Knight and Michael Thomas Knight , Bath , upholsterers .
PARTNERSHIPS DISSOLVED . R . Bevan and Henry Wbitaker , jun ., Wigan , Lancashire , cotton-spinners—Thomas Crook , James Clayton , and John Swarbrick , Preston , Lancashire , cotton-manufacturers—John Priestley , sen ., and James Priestley , Tottington , Higher End , Lancashire , cotton-manufacturers—Joseph Butter worth and Robert Heape , Rochdale , Lancashire , woolstaplcrs—Joseph Butterworth , Benjamin Heape , and Robert Heape , Rochdale , Lancashire , oil-merchants—Joseph Butterworth , and Robert Taylor Heape , Rochdale , Lancashire , woolstnplers—Edgar Saunderson and £ d > vard Lomax , Nottingham , commission-agents—Edgar Sauudergon , Edward Lomax , and J . B . Payne , Chard , Somerset , lace-manufaeturers—George Gannon and John Gannon , Latchford , Chester , builders—George Leggott and Thomas Searby ,
Kingstonupon-Hull , last-makers — Thomas Kelsall and John Chappie , Liverpool , bricklayers — William Bayley and William Crawford Newby , Stockton , Durham , attorneys Arthur Lett and tftavid Eraser , King-street , City , aecountants—Edward Terry and Robert Irwin , Dudley , Worcestershire , grocers—W . D . Clark and John Claik , Liverpool-road , Islington , smiths—William Billing anil William Amos Wilson , Liverpool , veterinary surgeons—James Reding and William Kicol Judd , Ludgate-hiQ , City , printers—Richard Wilkin and Edmund Preston , Liverpool , shipbrokers—W . W . Gill and William Ford Attwood , Cheltenham , artists—George Walkden and Thomas Walkden , Mansfield , Nottinghamshire , solicitors —W . W . Burdon , Ralph Collingwood , and William French , Bedlington , Northuinberhtndshire , brewers-James Kerr , and George Kerr Edinburgh , brewers .
SCOTCH SEQUESTRATIONS . Coghill and Co ., Ayr , glass merchants—James Jamieson , Paisley , draper—John Oswald , Edinburgh , sharebroker—Peter Dawson , Dundee , draper
Corrasjwiflttiwfc
Corrasjwiflttiwfc
Deatii Punishments. To Thk Kdikin Of Tii...
DEATII PUNISHMENTS . TO THK KDIKin OF TIIB HOHTilBRN STAB . SiB , —In the Star of last week there is an account o the execution of Wicks , It is there remarked that he appears to have been one of the moat hardened criminals ever confined within the walls of Newgate , that he in : tended to have murdered the foreman , that ho had long premediattd the murder ot his master , and last of all thc intended murder of the young woman ; those are offered as so many reasons why conscientious objections to his execution should be removed , as proving that he was master of his actions when he committed the murder of
which he was found guilty . » These reasons appear to me to be threefold evidence of his constitutionally digeased mind , and wrought up as it was by the tooiety in which he moved , he was made sufficiently revengeful for the cruel deed , and ripe in early life for tho vengeance of the law . Springing from parents where w » s wanting the sympathetic cord of love so requisite to unlta both together in tender watchfulness ovsr the preverss disposition of their child , and with stern resolve not to allow any special manifestation of his unfortunate disposition without a corresponding degree of chastisement , ( not the rod , ) for probably he had smarted under it , ) but the chastisement of th « mind ; the mind when properly
Deatii Punishments. To Thk Kdikin Of Tii...
trained is that which must hold sway over the individual , -buLhe was in the world without a trainer . for good ., The direction of the mind by those who have enlightened love for man ' s happiness cannot be too early commenced , such teaching creates around tht objects of its care a genial atraosphore which developes the better part of man ' s nature . To tho sheriffs , the under-sheriffs , and the other autho . rities , he gave bis thanks for their kindness and exertion in his behalf . Hardened as he was , gratitude for kindnesses shown was still living in his bosom . He acknowledged the justice of his sentence , with regret for his crime . Ah ! little did he know of the conspiracy of causes which led him to the commission of his crime , and the subtlety and craft ot those who affect to pour consolation into the minds of wrttchnd criminals , whilst they uphold a system that as long as it continues will not cease preparing and sending victims to the gallows , or he woald have loaded with reproaches a people who boast of their doings for the heathen , of their philanthropy and love to man , for the neglect of himself .
Was it possible for Wicks to be again restored to life , placed in his former abode , surrounded by the same incentives to crime , and his nature unimproved , he would by an inevitable necessity repeat again tbe crime for which he suffered . The number of executions which he had witnessed had not softened his heart , but doubtless had done much in preparing his own mind for his cruel end . I cannot think that those who are revengefully inclined would be deterred from committing a similar crime to that for which Wicks suffered , though they were present ut his execution . Upon some of weak nerves and lees resolution of character it might havo some degree of preventive effect , but such individuals are not prevented committing bad deeds suited to their peculiar nature .
The disposition of children if attended to by competent teachers can be so directed as to render the commission of such crimes as wc every day hear of , when for tho pumahment ot the same law is as frequently called into operation , all but impossible , Should there be some to irreclaimable and unfit to mix with general society , their cases call loudly for some national establishment , where every care and attention would be paid to the diseased minds , I am sorry to say that there is to be found amongst those who are opposed to death punishments some who have a lingering adherence to some mode of punishment for murderers , where continual pain would be inflicted upon them , some such system , they say , would be ten times more terrible to offenders than the momentary sufferings upon tho gallows . This is the relic of a torture-loving age . Terror has always failed in reforming man . Tho terrors of hell deterred not man from pursuing pleasure—tbe horrors of the inquisition prevented
not men from believing and avowing their belief in erroneous doctrines—the awful sight of one suspended by the neck gives not security against the hand ofthe murderer—nor do the tortures endured by those sent to n penal settlement give security against the perpetration of crime . Those who would effectually reform man must teach him to forget revenge , and look to causes which lead to crime rather than to effects of punishment upon society . I do not complain that Johnstone was not food for the gallows , but I do complain of that system which invested him , and invests others who are placed In similar positions to that which he filled , with absolute power over his fellow-men . I cannot be persuaded otherwise in my own mind than that , if Johnstone had belonged to the class who serve , instead of belonging to those who command , the jury who found him not of sane mind would have found no difficulty in consigning him over to Calcraft , although his cruelties hod not been a twentieth part of what it was proved they were at his trial . From omb who would conscientiously have saved
THE LIFE OF WlCKS . [ This letter came to hund too late tor insertion in our last number . —Ed , N . S . J
• The Account Of The Execution Was Taken...
• The account of the execution was taken from one one ofthe daily papers . —Eo . N . S .
Proclamation!
PROCLAMATION !
[The Following Significant Document Has ...
[ The following significant document has been sent to us from Glasgow . ] WANTED , as Food for Powder , some Fine Young Men , ef good character , to fill thc places of the BRAVE FELLOWS who fell in . bringing about tbe Civilization of India , according to the old fashioned method , namely , robbing and murdering the Inhabitants . About 40 , 000 human beings having been left to rot on THE FIELD OF G ( L ) ORY , and many thousands moro having died from Fatigue , Starvation , and Disease ,
THE HANDSOME BOUNTY OF £ 4 STERLING Will be given to Aspiring Young Men offering themselves for the Noble Occupation of British State Murderers , and that Her Majesty ' s Service may not want for high-spirited ,
STRICTLY MORAL MEN , at the head of whom Sir Charles Rapier himself would not be ashamed to march , the following GREAT INDUCEMENT are held out to all who will engage in it : — 1 . Tbe Recruit is at once and for ever saved the trouble of thinking for himself , and raised to the EXALTED POSITION of an Animated Machine . He may in course of time , if he behaves himself , become as docile and nearly as useful as one of Mumford . s figures . 2 , Should the Young Man be married , he will have an opportunity for DESERTING HIS WIFE AND CHILDREN , as he will net be allowed to take them with him , and this kind of Desertion is rather reckoned a beauty than a blemish in tbe Military Code .
3 . But should he , poor sinner ! attempt to Desert himself , he will be treated to A . FEW HUNDRED UAMIES ON HIS BAKE BACK , a delightful species of titillation whieh can be better imagined by those who have felt it than described by those who haven't . And as a bass ( base ) accompaniment to the sufferer's shrieks and groans , the band may appropriately play the spirit-stirring air of "Britons never shall be slaves . " After being taken down from the triangle , and placed under the care of the sur « geon , should his ungrateful and rebellious spirit rather prefer death at once than recovery that he may endure the remainder of his sentence , let him be consoled with the reflection that the Duke of Villianton has declared such lashings essential to the preservation of discipline in the army .
4 . Or if reduced by hunger to the greatest extremity , ( a very common case during a campaign ) , he should give way to the temptation of stealing to supply his necessities , he may have a chance of the HIGH HONOUR of being hanged by the Commander-in-Chief himself , instead of by mere privates ; for a comfortable assurance of which see Sir Charles Napier ' s Address to the Army in India . 6 . If the Soldier should die of fatigue , or disease , ( to which many more fall victims than to the Cannon or Bayonet ) , there will not be any nnmtion of him ; but should he die on the field of battle , he will be entered on the LIST OF GLORY aa one rank and file killed , and a host of penny-a-liners may shed a lustre around his head by classing him with " the gallant fellows who perished in their country ' s cause !"
Application to be made to any of the Gentlemen daily parading before the Tontine , Trongate , with coats of a rich Blood colour , and tufts of ribbon at their caps , which strikingly remind us of the Cat o'Ninetails , and tho "Black and Blue , " Red and Yellow murks it often leaves on the Soldier ' s back .
As Tixtraobdiaary Miser.—On Monday After...
As tiXTRAOBDiaARY Miser . —On Monday afternoon Mr . Baker held an inquest , at the King ' s Arms , Charles-street , City-road , on view of the body of John Jacob Farmer , or John Jacob , about TO years of age , who died in the workhouse of the parish of St . Luke , City-road , from exhaustion , having been removed from his lodgings , No . 6 , PoweU s-place , Cityroad , ) where were found Peruvian and other bonds , with Bank of England notes and gold , to the value oi £ 8 , 656 . It appeared from the evidence , that in the month of September last the deceased took a room at tbe above houso in l'owell ' s-place , which is kept by two highly respectable maiden ladies . He was of the most reserved habits , and was not visited by any one . On Sunday afternoon last , as he had not been seen for some days , information was sent to
Mr . Bacon , master of St . Luke's workhouse , who promptly proceeded to the house , when a policeman was called in , by whom the door of his room was forced open . The deceased was found in bed , apparently in a dying state , ami the room exhibited tbat he , deceased , was in a state of the utmost destitution' Mr . Ree , a surgeon of the parish , immediately saw the deceased , who was sinking from want of common necessaries . Stimulants were administered , from the effect of which , in about an hour's time , he was so far recovered , that he was enabled to be removed to the workhouse . Previously , Mr . Bacon searched the room , upon which he discovered in his watch-fob pocket a £ 100 and a £ 50 Bank of England notes not endorsed , and quite now ; in another pockeL sixteen sovereigns ; and at the head
ol the bed a roll ' of papers , which proved to be Brazilian , Spanish , and Peruvian bonds , of the value of £ 8 , 400 , scrips of which had been ta' ; en olf , and tho interest on them paid . These had been originally received by him , as they had not been endorsed . At the werkhouse he was urged to state who were his relations , but ho obstinately refused to make any communication . He was attended by Mr . Courteney , the house surgeon , who was not able to prolong his existence but a few hours . From the conversation of the wretched man , it appeared that he was constantly in the practice of depriving himself of the necessaries of life , one of the means by which he thought it possible to support life , without food , being daily to saturate his body with oil of olives . This was evident from the state in which his apparel was discovered ,
as they were all soaked with oil ; these , also , as well as his body , being completely blackened , as it was his practice to mix soot with oil . A shirt and flannel waistcoat he wore had been so long " on him , that they were joined together . The Brazilian bonds were for £ 100 and £ 200 , and the Spanish bonds for £ 1 , 020 each . There was an address in one of them , No . 3 , Old Kent-road ; but , on inquirv being made there , he was not known . The whole of thc property is in the possession of Mr . Bacon , and who was thc only witness examined . The coroner , having taken his evidence , said that , as the deceased had died in the p ossession of so much money , he would adjourn the inquiry to give the relatives an opportunity to come forward . The inquest was adjourned to Monday next .
Fflaxm Hmuiffm*
fflaxM hmuiffm *
London Cons Exchange, Monday, April 13th...
London Cons Exchange , Monday , April 13 th . »« At this day's market we had a moderate supply of Knglish Wheat , the fine runs of which found ready buyers , at the currency of this day week . Tbe transactions in bonded were chiefly in small parcels to millers , who clear by certificates , the value of which has advanced to 16 s . per quarter . Fine Barley was alonein request ; other sorts the turn cheaper , which remark also applies to Malt . No change in the value of hog Peas . Boiling sorts arc full Is . dearer . Beans Is . lower . We have a ^ good arrival of Irish Oats , but the quantity of English and Scotch is only trifling . Good fresh horse Corn was taken by consumers at the currency of this day week , but parcels out of condition , or light qualities , were difficult of sale , and could have been bought on somewhat lower terms . CURRENT PRICES OF GRAIN , FLOUR , AXD SEED IN MARK-LANE .
BRITISH OB & IH . Shillings per Quarter . Wheat .. Essex u ; Kent , whitc , new .. 4 !> to 63 ., 57 to 70 Ditto , red 47 59 .. 53 65 Suffolk and Norfolk , red .. 47 67 whiteiO 62 Lincoln and York , red .. « 57 white 49 62 Northunib . and Scotch .-. 47 60 Rye 22 38 Barley .. Malting 30 31 extra 37 — Distilling 2 fl 29 Grinding 23 28 Malt .. Ship .. .. .. .. 53 57 Ware 59 61
Oats .. Lincolnshire and Yorkshire , feed , 21 s Od to 33 s ( id ; potato , or short , 22 s fid to 26 s ( id ; Poland , -J 2 s 6 d to 27 s 0 d ; Northur . iberland and Scotch , Angus , 21 s Od to 25 s lid ; potato , 21 s Od to 25 s Gd - , Irish feed , 206 Gd to 22 s Cd ; black , 20 s 6 d to 22 s 6 d ; potato , 21 s Gd to 24 s fid ; Gidway , 19 s fid to 20 s 6 d . Beans .. Ticks , new 32 36 old 38 ii Harrow , small , new ,. 84 38 old 10 46 Peas .. White 37 ISboUevslO 41 Gray and hog .. .. 33 36 Flour .. Norfolk and Suffolk .. 44 49 Town-made ( per saek of 2801 bs ) 46 53 Buckwheat , or Brank 30 32
EMQLISB SEEDS , iiC , Red clover ( per cwt . ) 42 to 72 White elover ( per cwt , ) ,. ., „ „ 47 76 llapeseed ( per last ) £ 26 28 Mustard seed , brown ( per bushel ) 7 s to lis ; white , 7 g to IDs . Tares , ( per bushel ) , spring , 6 s . ; winter , 5 s . to « b . Cd . Linseed cakes ( per loot ) of 31 b each ) £ 11 to £ 12
FOEEION OBAIH , Shillings per Quarter , Free , In Bond , Wheat .. Dsntsic and Konigsberg 63 extra 70 .. 16 — 59 Ditto ditto .. 54 — 61 .. 44 — 52 Pomeranian , & c ., Anhalt 56 — 63 .. 44 — 52 Danish , Holstein , & c . .. 54 — 61 .. 42 — 48 Russian , hard .. .. — Ditto , soft » .. 55 — 58 .. 39 — 48 Spanish , hard .. .. — Ditto , soft .. .. 58 — 62 .. 44 — 51 Odessa ( fcTaganrog , hard — Ditto , soft .. .. 53 — 08 ., 39 — 48
Canadian , hard ,, .- — Ditto fine .. .. 58 — 60 Rye . Russian , Prussian , & c . — Burls ,. Grinding 23 — 26 Ditto , distilling .. .. 26 — 30 .. 18 — 26 Oats .. Dutch , feed .. .. 22 _ 25 Ditto , brew and thick .. 25 — 27 .. 20 — 21 Russian 24 _ 26 ,. 19 — 20 Danish Jt Mecklenburg 24 — 26 .. 18 — ' 21 Beans .. Ticks , 33 to 38 , small .. 36 — 40 .. 28 — 36 Egyptian 33 — 35 .. 28 — 30 Peas .. White , 32 to 43 , gray .. 33 — 36 Flour .. Dantsic and Hamburgh ( per barrel ) , fine 30
32 , superfine .. .. 32 — 34 „ 22 — 28 Canada , 3 o to 33 , United States 32 — 35 .. 26 - 28 Buckwheat .. 30 — 32 „ 24 — 2 fi
rOEEION SEEPS , & C . Per Quarter . Linseed .. Petcrsburgh and Riga ( free of duty ) ,. 42 to 43 Archangel , 40 to 45 , Memel andKonigsbei-g , ., 38 i » Mediterranean , 40 to 48 , Odessa .. 42 44 Rapeseed ( free of duty ) per last „ .. £ 24 26 Red CloTer ( 16 s per cwt . and 5 per cent , on the duty ) 42 64 White ditto ,. 47 70 Tares , small spring ( free of duty ) 40 to 44 , large .. 44 it Linseed cako ( free of duty ) , Dutch , £ 6 10 s , £ 7 . French , per ton .. ., ., „ .. £ 1 0 , £ 7 10 Rape cakes ( free of duty ) £ 5 10 £ 5 15 and 5 per cent , on thu duty * AVERAGE TRICES Of the last six weeks , which regulate the Duties from the 2 nd to the 8 th of April . , meat Barley Oats . Rye . Beans j Peas , Week « nding ! ' 4 > 8- d " S > < M 8 ' ° - »•<>•» . « . Feb . 21 , 1846 .. ! 55 0 29 11 21 6 , 32 10 31 9 34 Week ending Fcb . 28 , 1846 .. 54 6 29 7 21 5 ' 33 4 31 2 35 I Week ending I Mar . 7 , 1846 .. ! 54 10 29 3 21 10 33 0 34 11 33 8 Week ending ! Mar . 14 , 1846 .. ; 54 3 -29 4 21 9 i 34 2 3 & 2 34 9 Week ending : I Mar . 21 , 1810 .. I 55 1 29 10 22 oj 33 10 31 i 33 4 Week ending ! j Mav . 28 , 1840 .. 55 5 30 2 22 lj 34 0 35 0 33 3 Aggregate aver . ' age of the lust ' six weeks .. 54 10 29 8 21 9- 33 7 34 9 34 1 London aver-j j ages ( ending ! Mar . 31 , ; 1846 ); CO 2 32 5 23 6 ; 35 5 33 10 39 6 Duties .. .. 18 0 9 0 6 Oi 9 6 l 8 6 8 6
Provincial Corn Markets. Richmond (Yorks...
PROVINCIAL CORN MARKETS . Richmond ( Yorkshire ) , SAii-uiur , Apitit 13 . — We had a plentiful supply of grain in our market today . The prices continue much the same . Wheat sold from 5 s . to 83 . Od . ; oats , 3 s . to 4 s . 3 d . ; barley , 4 s . to 4 s . 3 d . ; beans , 03 . to 5 $ . Gd . per bushel . Livbbpooi . jCoBN Maiikbx , Alonday , April 13 . — With moderate supplies of each article of tbe trade we continue to experience a good general demand , and the stocks of all free grain are diminishing . From abroad , the arrivals comprise a few parcels of Wheat and Flour from the United States , and of Indian Corn from the Mediterranean . There has been little change in prices since this day week ; the principal business iias been in old Wheat of fine quality ,
of Irish new , and of both these the market was unusually bare . The sales of sack and barrel . Flour have been to a fair extent . A few fine Irish " mealing Oats have brought 3 s . 9 d . per 451 bs ., but the demand for them has ; been inconsiderable . Oatmeal has sold ou somewhat bettev terns , aiulthev ^ aYe not more than one or two good parcels ' . on sale . The business ia Barley , Beans , and Peas has . been confined to retail purchases , but holders show no desire to give way iu price , li . dian Corn , free , has been in request during the week , and prices have further improved a little ; tine white States Corn has been sold at 39 s . to 4 ( k aud yellow at 36 s . to 33 s . per ASOlhs , There has been ho disposition towards Grain and Flour , under bond , and the quotations are merely nominal .
Manchester , April 11 . —But little animation has been apparent in the Flour trade during the week , and in the value of any description , except in inferior and unknown marks , which might have been purchased on comparatively low terms , no material alteration in prices occurred . Oats and . Oatmeal , being in scanty supply , met a steady sale at fully the previous currency . At our market this morning a tolerable extent of business was transacted in Wheat ; at the full rates of this day se ' night , and , in some ; instances , prime supplies were held for a slight ad- vance . Choice qualities of Flour were in steady f though not extensive request at former prices ; but t other kinds were extremely difficult of sale . A fair r demand was experienced for Oats at an improvement t of Id . per 45 lbs . ; and the best runs of Oatmeal 1 moved off freely at 33 s . to 34 s . Gd .
Wakefield , Thursday . —We have moderate sup- - plies of all Grain this week . There is a thin atten- ldance of buyers owing to our market being held oif If the usual day . Wheat of all description meets with h a fair inquiry at the prices of last week . Barley of » f tine quality is scarce and easy sales , other sorts are e difficult to quit except for grinding purposes . Beans is are rather dearer . Oats and shelling each in toler- > able demand , without . alteration in value . Malt It firm .
State Of Trade. Masciiester.—There Is Li...
STATE OF TRADE . Masciiester . —There is little of novelty to be ob- bserved in our report of the state ot the market this lis week , as compared with the last . The extent of of business is still limited , but we may notice the gra-radual rise of a better feeling , owing as well to the . he settlement of affairs in the east as to the satisfactoryjry advices from the United States . Prices do not vary wy from our last quotations . Leeds . —The Woollen trade of this town andmd neighbourhood remains in much the same state of of quietness as wc have had to report for some timeme past . Until the question " What is to be done withith the new railway schemes ? " is answered , aud thethe
Irish Coercion Bill , and the New Tariif , are passedsedl into law , —if thoy are to be , ot which there are somonwi few who entertain grave doubts—no material changenge in the demand for our manufactures is looked for for As wc have repeatedly stated , stocks are not lowlow and , with the care manifested by meiChants , as welweli as manufacturers , they are not likely to increasteasn much . Prices unaltered . Huddersfield . —There Was another very quie [ uie market here on Tuesday , and not much bnsinesiiiesr done , especially in the Hall . There was a slight det decline in the prices of somo description ^ of goodsoodsi which , as now anticipated , have reached their lcvelcvel ! The stocks of desirable goods are but small , althouglougll iu low qualities there has been a slight aceumulatioatiov during the past month .
Bradford . —We are sorry to say that the stapttapll trade of this town continues in a very depresse-esse ; state . Tho Yarn department is in a shocking cor , con dition , for although much has been done , by limitimitim the supply , to get prices to a remunerating poinpoin the endeavour has as yet failed of accomplishing ing in object . For Wools there is little demand , but tht tin prices remain firm . But a small amount of s » l < s » l « were effected in the piece market on Thursday , an , am prices were a shade lower than on the previous mai man kct day .
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Citation
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Northern Star (1837-1852), April 18, 1846, page 7, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse.ac.uk/periodicals/ns/issues/ns2_18041846/page/7/
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