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Northern Star (1837-1852), 18th August 1849, Edition 2 of 3, Page 3

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    • SOCIALISM.—NAPOLEON BUONAPARTE AND THE FRENCH REPUBLIC.
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      Vn'qrh The Trnth Will Ultimatelmake Its ...

      August 18 , 1849 . ^ THE VN'QR f HERK 3

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      GOD SPEED THEE , GALLA 5 T HUNGARY ( From the Sun . ) God speed thee , gallant Hungary ! And aid thee in the fight : That Freedom wages on thy plains . Against oppression's might . The banded despots ofthe earth , Have loosed the dogs of war , And Havoc riots at the beck Of Hapsburg and the Czar . From the far Ukraine ' s dreary steppes , From Tiber ' s deserts vast ; The northern legions' vrar-vf hoop swells like thunder in the blast ; Presaging woe and death ; -where ' er Their fatal lances shine ; For carnage Lovers round their path . Their watchword and their sign .

      And Austria , cruel in her hate , An abject eraven thing ; How droops the eagle on her crest ! How cowers his stricken wing ! The shedder ofthe nation ' s blood , Her own she shall not save ; Branded and curs'd , as Europe ' s Cain , An outcast and a slave . But hark ! what strain the-welkin fills , Sonorous , deep , and loud ; Sounding triumphant as the voice Of lightning in the cloud ; Hard by the Danube ' s stream it bursts By vale and forest dim ; And rings out o ' er the mountain tops , A mighty people's hymn !

      It soars aloft , and seems to cleave The portals of the sky ; The noblest song in Freedom's ear , A nation's gathering cry . The spirit of immortal Home , The fire of ancient Greece , 3 fow glows beneath St . Stephen ' s flag , From the Danube to the Theiss ! How oft I've read , with quicken'd pulse And awe-suspended breath . The record of thy chieftains' deeds In the red field of death ! Oft gush'd uncheck'd the silent tear , Oft rose the prayer for them , As Fame ' s deep clarion rnng in praise Of Georgey and of Bern !

      God speed thee , gallant Hungary ! So chivalrous and brave ; And from the tyrant ' s hateful grasp Thy glorious people save . May "Victory and Peace soon shed Their holiest beams o ' er thee , And keep thy altars and thy homes Still sacred and still free I Maryport . J . P . Douglas .

      Socialism.—Napoleon Buonaparte And The French Republic.

      SOCIALISM . —NAPOLEON BUONAPARTE AND THE FRENCH REPUBLIC .

      (From The Tfcstminster Review, For July....

      ( From the TFcstminster Review , for July . ) The first week ' s deliberations of the National Assemb ' y proved its incompetence to deal -with the most vital question of the moment—the means of restoring employment to theidle and destitute masses , and of impressing them with confidence in the measures that would be adopted fir the amelioration of their condition . The politicians that had most the ear ofthe Assembly did nothing but denounce the reveries of Sociali-m , the waste of public money in the ateliers nationaux ( with which the Socialists had nothing to do , ) and insist upon the necessity of recalling the troops of the line , and restraining the licentiousness of the press . The working classes , conceiving themselves betrayed by the lourgeoisie , and exasperated by want , flew to arms , with a view of takin * the redress of their grievances in ' o their own hands By this they increased the desperation of their posi ' ion , and put themselves wholly ' in the

      wrong ; but the insurrection happily suppressed , the case was one for sympathy rather than vengeance , and the government ( now fallen into the hands of Eugene Cavaignac , ) by its prolonged imprisonments , interminable trials , and wholesale deportations of thousands of honest but misled operatives—the heroes of February and rebels of June—further and permanently alienated the affections of the masses . Separating from the insurrection the plundering objects of a few vagabonds from the prisons , who took part in it , the cause of the insurgents of June was - understood to be the common cause of all working men . ' Enable us to live by our labour , or if you cannot do so , give place to others who will at least show a willingness to aid us . ' Hence 'he popularity of the question of the amnesty . By many the insurgents of June are regarded as patriots , by others as hot-headed enthusiasts ; but it is only in the * salons ' that they are regarded as criminals .

      It is not surprising that out of the financial crisis we have described and the disasters that followed in its train , there should have arisen a multitude of theories on the functions of money : but it has- not been observed by English writer ? , that what is called Socialism , as it exists in France , is infinitely more a Currency question than one at all connected with Communism . The Communists have never been numerous in France ; not so numerous indeed , asin this country . In fact , we are quite wi' -hin the mark , when we say , that since the fir * t preaching of Robert Owen on the subject of parallelograms there have been established in this country , at different times at least twenty co-operative societies having in view a community of interests , for any one attempt of the

      kind that has been made on the continent . It has suited the object of the French Royalists—that of crushing their opponents by the opprobrium attached to the ideas of a community of g -oils and the abolition of family ties , to st igmatise as ' a Socialist , ' in the sense of the term ' Communist , ' e « ery ref-rmer belonging to the opposition , who at any time has proposed or supported plans of social amelioration , however , opposite in their nature ; but these misrepresentations do not alter the fact that many of the ] ead : * Socialists' are An i-Communists . 31 . Proudhon , for instance , misses no opportunity o * attacking the Phalanstere associations of M . Considerant . His own grand idea of the means of social

      regeneration is , that of national banks , and a re * organisation of public credit ; one of the propositions , by the way , advocated by most of the popular democratic journals . M . Proudhon , by assuming for the motto offals paper , * Le Pr . priete e'est le Vol , ' ( a motto nowabandoned ) very fairlyexposing himself - o the imputation of being an enemy to the institution of property in every shape ; but this was not and is not his meaning . What he means is . that interest of money and rents , or any contrivance by wb / cb , a man is enabled to live , not upon the accumulations of his own labour , but upon the labour of others , are legalised forms of robbers ' , t > which the State should put an end by wiser institutions . __ At the head of his journal le Peiiple are the following lines : —

      "What is the producer ? Nothing . WhaUu ? hthetobe ? Everything . "Wha * is the capitalist ? Everything . "What ought he to be ? Nothing . Much good paper and type have been wasted oy the membe-s of the Institute , in a demonstration of the indispensable utility of capital ; bnt . as directed against M . Proudhon . their labours have been only thrown away . He does not deny the importance of capital , in the sense of the accumulated products of

      labour , but he separates real capital from monied capital , and attacks t ! se system which makes a few wealthy fund-holders the arbiters of nations . He p-oposes , as many other paper theorists have done before him . to set aside the monied interest , by declaring interest of money illegal , and by authorising the state to issne to the producer , upon adequate security , credit note ? , rendered a legal tender . In this he carries with bim the sympathy of the French peasant proprietors , who have now no means of obtaining a small loan upon the security of their lands and crops , but by bmrowins the money by the week , at the rate of fifteen and twenty-five per cent ., upon a system analogous to that of English pawnbroki e . M

      , We hate no intention of defending the system of 31 . Froudhon , which , as far as we can understand it . is erode and impracticable , nor tho currency crotchets ofany other French journalist . They have been attacked by the Economists with unsparing sarcasms , and often successfully , but the argument has sometimes been against them . Here k the substance ( condensed from various sources ) of the reply to the Economists , o f Pierre Leroux -. — t " Touaccuse usof wishing to re-establishassignats ; alread

      but you who make the accusation have y reestablished them , and thatnot upon a sound system , bnt a bad one . Copying the English precedent of 1797 , when your metallic system broke down in 1848 you authorised the Bank of France to suspend specie pavments . and you gave its notes a forced circulation . The ^ e notes are assignats , having in themselves no intrinsic vjlue whatever , and when you borrow this money of your own creation- for the use of the government , the interest you pay for it is a direct robbery of the public for the benefit of the

      Bank " There can be no " answer to this , excepting that the defects of one palliative of an acknowledged evil do not prove the superiority ofany untried remedy The means of preventing those tremendous vicissitudes of value to which the producmg and comingrial classes are now periodically subject , and the connexion with them of the action of the precious metals are questions more momentous perhaps than Syrther , but upon which the ablest , thinkers of Sand and Fru . ce have left tte world in the dark Out of the esistiftsfermentatwa of ideas upon these

      (From The Tfcstminster Review, For July....

      topics the trnth -will ultimately make its way , but it will not be helped forward by the dogmatism and pedantry of those wh > have nothing better to say upon the monetary system than has been said b-fore by M . Turgot and Adam Smith ; and the prosecution and imprisonment of such men as M . Proudhon . for extravagant opinions , or an extravagant mode of expounding them , will only serve to render dangerous errors the more inveterate in the public mind . The next most disastrous event of the French

      revolution was , the resolution adopted by the Constituent Assembly to elect a President by the universal suffrage of the whole nation . B y ' this decision , partly forced upon the Assembly with malice prepense by 51 . Thiers and his royalist friends , and partly carried through the weakness of M . d-Lamartine , whose lpsic in support of the proposition was below criticism , the Republic practically committed suicide ; creating an imperiumtn imperio , which is now found to be altogether incompatible with the free action of a constitutional government .

      How many calamities , of which no man can foresee the issue , might Alexis de Tocqueville have spared his country , if , fa his work on the democracy nf America , instead of glossing over the evils ofthe Presidential election by universal suffrage , he had probed them to the bottom , and held them up as a warning to his countrynv-n ! But in America , although the system is bad enough which places such men as General Taylor at the head of a nation , with no other qualification than that of being "rough and ready , " the power of the President is limited by the independence of the several states , which have separate powers of their own . In France , where there are no independent stUes , no federal organisation , the powers of a

      President are those of an absolute monarch , limited nominally by a deliberative assembly , but not really limited at all , because the means of gaining a ma jority are placed in his hands . Think of the power of corruption given to Louis Napoleon by the patronage of upwards of 150 , 000 p laces in the direct gift of his cabinet , and that of the promotion of officers in an army of 450 . 000 men ! That such powers should be entrusted to any one human being , was the essential vice of the monarchical system which the democracy of France aimed at destroying . To retain them for the Executive , without any adequate security that these powers should not be seized by the dishonest or incapable , was an instance ot philosophical insanity nn the part of republicans to

      which it would be hard to find a parallel . Consider , for a moment , what grounds there are for the assumption , that oix millions of electors can possibly , by the physical circumstances of their position , be nrnper judges nf the qualifications of any one candidate submitted to them , for no matter what office , be it one of the humblest , or one of the m- 'St influentiil . Suppose the question on which you make an appeal to the people to be one of fact" Is John Smith a white man or a mn- 'atto ? " Here is a question upon which no man could deny the capacity of the people for Tiling ( the blind only excepted ) ; and the right of all classes to form an

      opinion upon such a subject must be admitted to be equal . Nevertheless , as six millions of voters could never have seen John Smith with their own eyes—as they could form no opinion upon his colour bat from hearsay evidence — of what earthly value would be tiieir judgment?—who would receive their testimony in a court of justice ? The six or seven millions of voters who took part in ihe Presidential election of December , 1848 , could not of their own knowledge have declared whether the candidate for whom they voted was black or white , an honest man or a knave ; and yet , upon the result of their voting was to depend the liberties of France !

      The circumstances which determined the choice of an unknown man , in the person of L-mis Napo Icon were the fallowing . Eugene Cavaignac had , as we have observed , partly fr-m the circumstances of his position , and partly from the serious mistake of allowing himself fc > act longer than was necessary as the tool of reactionary vengeance , become an object of intense aversion to the operatives of Paris ; although still supported by the middle clashes , who sighed for order at any price . George Sand , addressing him through the columns of La Reforme , said , " You are a man of the sword . Throughout the whole of your career as chief of the Executive , you have shown no perception of the moral agencies by which the human mind may be governed Not a word of sympathy bas escaped your lips ; not a cry , as coming from ihe hart , for the sufferings of the working rhvses : and do you wonder that they turn from von ?"

      The disposition , in town and country , of the French operatives , to try as P > esident a new man , was universal ; and the peasantry were sufficiently ready of t-eir own accord to vote for a Napoleon , from their remi'dscences ofthe glory ofthe Empire , and from the old rancour of 1815 , when the Bourbons were forced upon the country . The middle classes became divide- ! , through the intrigues of M . Thiers , and the loyalist committee of the Rue de Poitiers , by whom Louis Napoleon was only supported as a sfepi'ing-stone towards another , restoration ; and hence to the astonishment of Europe , and the humiliation of France , a reckless adventurer found himself elected ( 10 th of December , 1848 ) , President ofthe French Republic , by an immense maioritv over his competitors . *

      All tlii- is now so changed , and Louis Napoleon has made such haste to prove himself not the man the peo le had expected , that , in the towns , he is at the present time more detested than he was before idolised . In the agricultural districts , where opinion makes slower progress , his name has lost its magic influence ; and in the army , which had expected nothing else than to be 1 d to victory against the troops of Austria and Russia , the discovery tiat they have chosen a deg-nerate descendant of their great chb * f , and one who would make of himself an'l France another link ofthe Holy Alliance , has filM all ranks of the service with discouragement , and cooled down to freezing point their late

      enthu-. Charles Lou » Napoleon , bom in 1808 . is the second son of Louis Napoleon , King of Holland and brother ofthe Emperor , by Hortense , the daughter of Josephine The eldest son died in Switzerland and the present man was first heard of in 1836 , when he made an attempt on Strasburg , to place himself upon the throne of Louis Philippe . This conspiracy , which rnet with some encouragement fr « m the disaffection of the army , and their reverence for the memory of the Emperor , would probably have been attended with some partial sneess , but from the circumstance that Louis Nap'deon does not bear the slightest resemblance to the oortrtits of the late Emperor , and that he is totally unlike in person

      any member of the Buonaparte family . He had been joined at Strasburg by about 400 men , principally of the 4 th Regiment , when he was denounced by Col . Taillandier as an impostor . Another officer at the same time exclaimed - " I know him ; he is the nephew of Captain Vaudrey , and no Napnleon J " The soldiers hesitated—looked at the slight figure of the young pretender who had cine among themtraced in his features nothing of the hero they venerated—and finally permitted his arrest . Had the attempt been marie by his cousin , Napoleon Buonaparte , who is a living likeness of the Emperor , and about whose relationship there could be no mistake , it is not improbable that the whole of the garrison of Strasburg , amounting to about 5 , 000 men , would have Ir en gained over .

      This incipient revolt having been crushed in the bud . the g overnment of Louis Philippe , treated its author with great leniency ; but the indulgence shown to him was , as subsequent events proved , but il ( -deserved . Louis Napoleon was simply abipp < doff to America , and forgiven on condition that he should not return to Europe , lie wrote to assure Louis Philippe of his " eternal gratitude ; ' * and then again set about conspiring for the overthrow ofthe Orleans dynasty . The pretext for his second attempt m 1840 , when he landed from a steamer at Boulogne , was the enthusiasm that had been excited by the arrival in France of the remains of the Emperor—removed from St . Helena bv the permission of England , at the solicitation ofthe French government . The

      generous homage to talent , on the part of Louis Philippe , which led to this step , was in itself a fact to have disarmed an honourable enemy ; and the conduct of Louis Napoleon , in seeking to turn to a selfish purpose the old recollections it had awakened , is only one among many ; proofs of a character devoid of any sound pri ciples of rectitude , and indifferent to the laws of moral obligation . The descent upon Boulogne was a ridiculous failure , bnt not unattended with bloodshed . Many of his followers fell , and one of them by his own hand . Firing a pistol upon a captain who sought his arrest , he missed the officer , and , in his nervousness , shot , instead , a private soldier , in the act of exclaiming , " Vive Napoleon the Third . "f _ .

      A second time his life was spared by the French government , and he was condemned only to a rigorous imprisonment at Ham , whence , after five years of confinement , he effected his escape . Notwithstanding the hair-hrained rashness , approaching to insanity , manifested in these conspiracies , there have not been wanting writers , both in this country and abroad , who have represented Louis Napoleon as an educated and well-informed man ; the truth being , that with some persons , any onp who has made a noise in the world , and has the title of a Prince , if he cau string together a few commonplace sentences , not wholly devoid of sense , passes for an intellectual phenomenon . There is , however , no foundation for the belief that he is in the slightest degree a person of originative or refl-ctive talents . His published writings , and his reported c ^ nversa-* Louis Kapoleon .. .. 5 , 534 . 520 votes . Eugene Cavaignac .. .. 1 , 448 , 302 „ LedruRollin 370 , 119 „ t , t The particulars of these attempts , as related by Louis Xapolcon himself , and of course favourably coloured , will be found in a work by Mr . Henry Wickoff , entitled " napoleon Louis Buonaparte , First President of France , " published by 3 . Chapman .

      (From The Tfcstminster Review, For July....

      turns , do not rise to the level of the most ordinary mediocrity , His reading has been superficial , and his practical knowledge of mankind has been drawn from anjntercourse with fashionable debauchees . In London his life was that nf a roue , and in Paris it is t « e same ; bis time , when not occupied with his ministers or military reviews , beint ; divided between his mistresses and the pleasures of the table . His intimate companions are of a class of whom even Odillon Barrot permitted himself to speak as men of " detestible passions " A spendthrift of his means —although originally in the * possession of a handsome fortune , he was no sooner installed in the Presidency than he had to appeal to his cabinet to aisist him out of the embarrassment of a position crippled with debts .

      Sunshine And Shadow: A Tale Op The Ninet...

      SUNSHINE AND SHADOW : A TALE OP THE NINETEENTH CENTURT . BY THOMAS MAOTIN WHEELER , Late Secretary to the National Charter Association and National Land Company . Chapter XX . She died ; but memory ' s wizard power , "With its ghost-like train had come , To the dark heart ' s ruins at that last hour , And she murmured , " Home , home , home ' . " And her spirit passed with its happy dream , Like a bird in the track of a bright sunbeam . Picken . Nearly a month had elapsed since the interview between Julia and Arthur , and day by day she grew weaker and weaker , but her senses seemed to nave

      recovered tbeir lormcr vigour , and her mind to be more tranquil and assured . Sir Jasper had been often to visit her , and again nattered himself with hopes of her recovery . Seeing that she was ignorant of the occurrences during the voyage , he alluded not to them , nor to the arrest of Arthur ; and Julia , often was she about to entrust her husband with her ill-fated love , and implore his pardon and his protection for Arthur , but her fear of displeasing him , and her bodily weakness , which rendered any species of exertion painful , prevented its accomplishment . On his last visit she expressed a Wish to return with him to D —; she would willingly die in the place that had first received her in the island , and which habit had endeared to her , he

      would then be always near to comfort and support her ; and Sir Jasper , pleased at this display of tenderness , g ladly conceded to her wishes ' , and by slow and easy journeys did they reach his mansion . Two days have elapsed since her return , —she is in the r .. om we have previously described . The leaves of the passion-flower no lon * er shade her lovely brow , they have withered and died , and she mourns not , but rather envies their fate ; the water of the silver fountain no longer sheds its coolness around , its murmurs have ceased , and the heated air from a stove supplies its place ; the orange sheds not its perfumed odours around , but myrrh and aloea diffuse their fragrance in its stead . Winter hath succeeded to summer , and summer will again succeed

      to winter . The passion-flower will again bloom , and the orange-flower renew its blossom , but there is no renewal for tho human heart once folded in the wintry embrace of death , —no succeeding summer can renew its glories , or give new growth and vigour to its once god-liko frame ; and Julia reclines on the ottoman , and the arm of her husband pillows her drooping head , and with low and trembling voice she relates to him the occurrences of her past life—of her childish love for Arthur—its involuntary renewal—her struggles to overcome it , and the purity of its nature . She then described her last interview with him , praying for pardon for them both , and the tears course fast and hot down her faded cheeks and fall burninir on

      the face of Sir Jasper , kneeling at her side , and he , the unfeeling man ofthe world , inured by many years' witness of slavery to human misery , he is not proof against this woman ' s weakness , but his tears mingle with hers , and at length their hearts beat together in unison—his suspicions , his jealousies , are for ever dispelled—he cannot disbelieve the simple tale—his heart bleeds in listening to it—and worlds would he give that the love lavished on Arthur had been deserved and received by himself . Oh ! it was a solemn sight to see that young and beauteous , though fragile form , lean so confidingly on the breast of that stalwart and careworn man ,

      pouring forth its loves and its errors , and pleading so movingly for pardon—a pardon nobly and generously accorded—and the pure spirit of Julia seemed only waiting for the discharge of this , its last earthly duty , to take flight from mortality and care , for embracing her husband , she fell back on the sofa ; ho imagines her dead , and summonses her attendants , but a sweet smile again illumining her countenance , shows that her spirit still lingers with him , but consciousness is fast leaving her , —she softly murmurs , " Husband—Arthur—pardon , Sir Jasper—father , mother , dear , I shall again see you—dear Arthur , 1 come !"

      " And her spirit passed with its happy dream , Like a bird in the track of a bright sunbeam . " Sadly did Sir Jasper grieve over the fate of the being now become doubl y endeared to him , —time had blunted his sensibilities , and a long residence in our slave colonies had seared the fresh and green emotions of his heart , but the seeds of love and generosity , though deeply buried , were still alive , and needed only a kindly cultivation and a deep stirring of the mould in which their fibres were entrenched to cause them to flourish with renewed vigour . Alas I that the cause of their revival should be of a nature to again blight them ere they could expand into maturity . Had Julia lived she would no longer have been a

      splendid toy , jewelled and bedizened to gratify the vanity of an imperious lord , hut a household charm to warm the heart and recreate the expiring humanities of an adoring husband ; but she sleeps the sleep of death , and he is left alone and desolate , a prey to repinings and regrets , with none to cherish his awakened sensibilities , or guide him through life's stormy seas to the haven of domestic bliss . Oh ! how poor and unsatisfactory are all earthl y splendours when we have none left to share them with us ; no wife in -whom , as in a mirror , we can see their brilliancy reflected ; no child in whom we can retrace our own features , divested of all that is

      debasing and impure . Poverty hath its trials—oh how many , and how severe!—but cheered by the ties of affection , and protected from positive want , it is more endurable than solitary grandeur . Gentle reader , we have now concluded the first portion of our tale ; like our own history it is full of errors and imperfections ; let him that is perfect judge and condemn them . We have not- plunged into the world of romance for our characters , they are the ideal representatives of known realities , — through them we have embodied truths of humanity which ever lie fruitful in the human breast , needing only the action of circumstances to start them into operation ,

      Tho Chartist world is blessed with many an Arthur Morton ; and Julia , thou art no creation of the fancy , thine image hath often met our gaze ; and though thou art for ever departed , yet many a Julia North is still in existence , doing penance to an illjudging world for daring to exercise , without dissembling , the feelings which nature hath implanted in their breasts . Our tale hath hitherto been one of hardship and sorrow , tinctured , perhaps , with our own bitter taste of poverty ; but we have still faith in the

      future , and should the shadow depart we may yet revel in the sunshine of enjoyment . Wc have been accused of prostituting our talent for the sake of filthy lucre , how false it is our own heart can best testify ; but we heed not the rcvilers —truth will yet shine , and humanity rid itself of the load that artifice and custom hath heaped upon it—in this hope we will pursue our career , caring naught for the censure of enemies whilst blest with the approbation of friends . ( To be continued . )

      Royal Polytechnic Institution. This Popu...

      ROYAL POLYTECHNIC INSTITUTION . This popular place of resort has just put forth a new feature of attraction . It consists of a series of dissolving views of the scenery in and around Rome , and was exhibited for the first time on last-Monday . The pictures display a high order of artistic talent , are vivid and life-like , and characterised by an Italian beauty and richness of colouring which distinguishes that delightful country . The series commences with Toulon harbour , followed by Civitta Tecchia , which has become notorious from the fact of its being the place of debarkation of the French army , on their late "friendly visit to the " eternal city . " Next come the Monte Mario , the Tiber , Ponto Mole , the Piazza del Popolo , the Bridge and Castle of St . Angelo , ( three different views ) , the last giving the grand display of rockets and other

      fireworks discharged on the night of the grand festival ; Monte Aventine , Ancona and Tarra , celebrated as the prison of Tasso , and the tomb of Ariosto . This one concluded the series . The views are acccompanied by a descripture lecture by Mr . James Russell , embracing the most interesting points connected with . the late political events of which Rome has become the theatre . This exhibition will no doubt meet with the patronage of which it is so highly deserving , and the public will be enabled , by means ofthe painter ' s pencil , to view those scenes which have lately been so full of stirring , interest . In the evening , a lecture on " Ancient Minstrelsy" was delivered by Mr . G . Soane ; the wanderings ofthe troubadours and their adventures and songs , forming the subject-matter of tho lecture . The music , both to these and the dissolving views , has been arranged with great taste by the musical director of the institution , Doctor Wallis .

      " I Say, Jem, What Mechanical Work Did Y...

      " I say , Jem , what mechanical work did you first do ? " said one darkey to another . " AVhy , why , cut teeth , oh course " replied ( he other ,

      The Ten Hours Bill

      THE TEN HOURS BILL

      ( From No . III . of the Democratic Review , August , 1849 . ) The extensive conspiracy of the mill-owners of T % ? lr Of England ( Lancashire in particular ) , to deloat the object of the " Ten Hours Bill , " and the impunity with which that conspiracy is allowed to proceed , adds another to the many convincing proofs , "that there is one law for the rich and another for tho poor . " For many years the manufacturing operatives under tho guidance of tho benevolent Richard Oastler , and the late inestimable John Fielding , pressed their just claims on the attention of the public and the legislature . It has

      u ^ eroeen objected that their agitation was accompanied with violence . An unvarnished exposure of the curse of the factory system , " and revealments of its horrible and brutalising effects on morals , health , and life , wore tho only weapons thev used ; they were however all-sufficient to enlist humanity on their side , and when the Malthusians continued their opposition , by parading their nostrums of po-IlU f ? Lo C i ° / L ° ; "" . aPPeal to facts and figures scattered their fallacies to tho winds , and the world became convinced that the conflict was " mammon a ! ^ l merC J £ th , n leS'slaturo espoused the cause of Sieland en Hour * ^ became the law

      m ? TJi , -f de the law ' or ° Penly se * it at defiance lfS nity , w ? , , nexfc consideration of the mill-owners . Well knowing that money is the ruling power m this country , and Wing long purses filial with gold coined out of the blood * of women and infant children , they have made the attempt , and we find our Whig paternal government in treaty with them , and actually proposing terms to compound a felony ; for it has long been decided that a eompimcy ^ to evade the law , amounts to felony ! That this conspiracy . exists- there is no longer a doubt , a bond has been entered into to make good any loss any individual mill-owner may sustain in working out the relay system . Of that system Mr . Leonard Horner , the Factory Inspector , in his lately published report declares , " that the law officers ofthe

      Crown are unanimously of opinion that it is illegal and contrary to the intention and spirit of the act , " and Mr . Maud , the stipendiary magistrate of Manchester , a barrister by profession , after careful deliberation , and consultation with legal friends , has arrived at the same conclusion ; yet when informations have been laid for a violation of the law , the magistrates have refused to convict , some , because , as they say , they interpret the law to have a different meaning to that ascribed to it by the law officers of the Crown , and others , because , as they assert , the meaning of the act is doubtful . In the . case ot poor men offending against any law of the land , the magistracy exhibit no such qualms of conscience . Many of these same conscientious gentlemen , were instrumental in getting up the case of conspiracy

      against the Chartist prisoners now in Kirkdale gaol , and when they were brought before them , fixed the amount of bail so hi gh that some from inability to obtain it , were imprisoned until the assizes . Verily there is " one law for the rich and another for the poor . " But even allowing that there might be a conscientious doubt as to the intention of the legislature , there is a plain course for the government to pursue ; they themselves have set the precedent in the case of Smith O'Brien and the other Irish state prisoners : " a doubt was entertained in quarters entitled to respect , " as to whether the Crown had the power , without the prisoners' consent , to commute the sentence of death for high treason to that of transportation for life . A " declaratory act" was prepared to meet the case , and

      hurried through both Houses of Parliament . Why not take the same course in this instance ? The reason is obvious , in the one case the interests ofthe government and the higher classes were at stake , in the other it is only the interests of the poor that arc concerned , Sir George Grey has been appealed to in this matter , and what is his advice ? That "it should be left to tho local magistracy to decide according to their judgment . " What a bitter mockery and insult this is to the feelings of tho working classes ! It is a well known fact that local magistrates are appointed not for their knowledge of law , or love of justice , but for their wealth , subserviency , or " standing in society , " as it is termed . In the manufacturing districts , tho groat majority ofthe magistracy are manufacturers , either actively

      engaged in trade or retired , and living upon fortunes thus acquired ; if in neither of these positions , they are interlinked by marriage or relationship with the millocracy , and thus by their very position and inclination are necessarily unfit to decide in a case where the interests of the working classes clash with those of the factory kings . "Very latel y a mill-owner in a certain town in Cheshire , a leading man amongst a religious sect , also a great Liberal , and a member of the town council , was summoned before the magistrates "by the Factory Inspector of the district , for neglecting to have his machhiory " boxed off , " whereby the arm of a young woman

      was dreadfully torn and lacerated , the case being clear was easily proved , and the magistrates were compelled to convict , but , one of tho Solons on the bench exclaimed , " he was very sorry for it , for he considered the law a most unjustifiable interference with capital and labour . " The Liberal culprit echoed the magistrates' comments . Why not ? What right have working men , or women , to consider thattheir lives or limbs should be protected , where the interests of capital are concerned ? "lis monstrous impudence , they have no ri ght to have either legs or arms , or even life , only as their masters please ! This is their true position , and'the sooner they understand it the better .

      There is but one means left to prevent the manufacturers evading any law . that may be enacted for the regulation of the hours of labour , and that is , a restriction on the moving power . Let the word " day" be clearly defined , from six o ' clock in the morning , until six in the evening , with two hours off for meals ; that would bo an efficient " Ten Hour Bill , " and the meaning thereof would bo perfectly free from all doubt . Against this it is argued that " it is unjust to interfere with adult male labour , that the law allows men to make their own contracts , upon terms of mutual benefit , and that there can be no rightful authority to compel them to labour except upon their own terms . " This is true in theory , but false'in- fact . The working man has nothing that he can call his own , but his mental and

      E hysical powers . The field upon which these are to e exorcised , whether in agriculture or manufactures , is in possession ofthe capitalist , and ho dictates what shall be the rate of wages , and how many shall be the hours of labour ; 'tis true the workman can refuse the manufacturer ' s terms , but the alternative is starvation , and hungry necessity compels him to forego the beautiful theory , and submit to the stern and unrelenting fact of abject submission to the employer . Indeed capitalists themselves know this perfectly well ; they speak of the working people in the same way as they do ofany other species of property which they call their own ; " My

      men , " "My hands , " "My wont-people , "My dog , " " My horse , " " My mill , " are all in the same category , and in no country in the world , not even tho slave holding states of America , are the working classes more , " mere chattle property , " than in this boasted "free country . " 'Tis therefore all arrant cant and humbug , to say that men do not want the protection of the law , ay , and much more than a " Ten Hours Bill" can give them ; but tbat protection will never be afforded them until they are in possession of their political rights , for until they are politically free they must remain socially slaves .

      In the meantime , whilst the manufacturers are conspiring , and the government aiding and abetting them , my advice to the operatives is be firm . Abate not one jot of what you have already won , but rather demand a ten nouns bill for all !

      restricn OF THE MOVING TOWER AND THE ENTIRE PBOIII * BiriON OF JtARRIED WOSIEN FROM WORKING IN FACTORIES . " To this complexion wo must come at last . " A Proletarian Sufferer ron the Charter .

      Representation Of Sunderland.—Mi*. Hudso...

      Representation of Sunderland . —Mi * . Hudson has " authoritatively" intimated to certain conservative parties who have volunteered the selection of a fitting candidate for the representation , in the event of a vacancy arising , that his present intention is to retain his seat in parliament , at all events till the commencement or next session . So says the Weekly Chronicle , and private information leads us to believe that this is the course which Mr . Hudson desires to take . The question now is , whether the electors will allow a man who is stigmatised on every hand with the foulest epithets , who dares not face parliament or the public , who is charged in

      official documents with acts of fraud and knavery , and who , conscious of guilt or indifferent to character , makes no attempt to clear himself of those charges , to continue to represent them without uttering a loud and indignant protest against so gross a betrayal of duty . We know tho idea of many of them is to permit the odour of his name to stink in the nostrils of his admirers , but it appears to us that a due regard to the credit of the borough and its important interests requires some steps to be taken for the purpose of showing to the country that Mr . Hudson's constituents do not connive at his conduct . —Newcastle Guardian .

      Revising Barristers . — The following are the barristers appointed by Mr . Justice Cresswell to revise tho list of voters for the counties and boroughs on the Western Circuit for 18 i 0 : —South Hants and Isle of Wight . J . Aldridge , Esq . ; North Hants , G . N . Oxenham / Esq . ; Dorset , — Douglas , Esq ., and — Holdsworth , Esq . ; South Devon , J . L . Lucena , Esq ., and H . T . Er ' skino , Esq . ; North Devon , W . Hodges , Esq . ; East Cornwall , C . D . Bevan . Esq . ; West Cornwall , J . S . Stock , Esq . ; East Somerset , J . S . Graves , Esq ., and P . W . Slade . Esq . ; West Somerset , C . Saunders , Esq . ; South Wilts , C . R . Dayman , Esq . ; North Wilts , G . Poulden , Esq . Many have felt the lash upon their backs for tho want of a bridle upon their tongues .

      Vavuxm

      Vavuxm

      _ Heroes.—It Were Well If There Were Few...

      _ Heroes . —It were well if there were fewer heroes , for I scarcely ever heard ofany but did more mischief than good , These overgrown mortals commonly use their will with their right hand , and their reason with their left ; their pride is their title , and their power puts in possession : their pomp is furnished from rapine , and their scarlet is dyed with human biOOd . If wrecks , and ruins , and desolation Ot kingdoms are marks of greatness , why do we not worship a tempest , and erect a statue to a plague ? A panegyric upon an earthquake is every jot as reasonable as upon such conquests as these . ' FlRE Engines Superseded . —We observe that a book is advertised under the title of " Homoeopathy in Acute Diseases . " If homoeopathic globules will cure inflammations , perhaps an infinitessimal drop Of water will put out a fire . —Punch . The Jews abstain from trading dimns » sixtv-six

      days of the year , as follow , namely—fifty-two Saturdays ; two days , new year ; four days , Passover ; one day , Black Past ; two days , Pentecost , " four days , Tabernacle ; one day , White Fast . The Chinaman's Wife . —Not long ago an English sailor killed the wife of a Chinaman by accident , an event which gave him considerable uneasiness . The woman ' s husband , hearing of the circumstance , came to the vessel , and , after some talk , offered to make it up with the man , compromising the affair for thirty dollars . The sailor was glad to escape so easily , and paid the money , when the Chinaman said , "It did not matter so much , as she was an old wife , and he could get a new one for twenty-five dollars , which would leave five dollars to buy rice . " Shetlaxh ponies , which at one time only commanded a sovereign in the Highland market , now sell , since tho introduction ol steam , at from £ o to £ 10 . v

      Mr . Rivers , of Sawbridgoworth , has cherrv-treos afoot high , that have borne nearly a quart of fruit ; and plum trees , in fruit , not more than eighteen inches hi gh . To Take Ink out of Linen . —Editors' and clerks ' wives will learn with pleasure , that to take a piece of tallow , melt it , and dip the spotted part of the linen into the melted tallow , the linen may then he washed , and the spots will disappear without injuring the linen . " Not a pinch of dust remains of Cheops , " says the Jersey Times , " but of some stray pea-sccd which found their way into a mummy-case as old , perhaps , as that of Cheops , remains a rich produce , green and flourishing on a little farm in the little island of Jersey 1 "

      The Bombardment of Rome . — " A horrible situation "—so exclaims Louis Blanc in his New World ( Aug . 1 st . ) —" is that of an exile in this moment of eternal grief ! For to those who surround us , and who ask our opinion on this war , what can we answer ? We can but keep silent , and hide our face . Oh , my country !" The Vert . Spirit . —Tho following story from the New England Washingtonian gives the very spirit of the English law—a man may be innocent , but costs must be had out of him . Capt . Slick was a disciplinarian , and kept a weekly account of his niggers ' well and ill doings .. ^ One Saturday . Tony , the boy of all work , had in his account current twenty-five stripes for idleness , to his debit , and fifteen , for

      industry , to his credit , so his master was about to pay him the balance . "Stop Massy , " say Tony , " dar ' s—you forgot—dar ' s de scorin * of de floorold missus say I nober scour as good before . "" Soho , you rascal , " quoth Capt . Slick ; " you're bringing in offsets , are you ? Well now , there !"here the Captain made an entry upon his book" you have a credit of five stripes , and the balance must be paid . "— " Gor a massa , don ' t hit yet—dar's sumpen else—Oh , Lord ! please don't—yet sir-got um now—ketchin' de white boy and fctchin um to old missus , what throw reck at deyoungduck . "" That ' s a fact , " said the Captain , " and I'll g ive you a credit of ten stripes for it — I wish you had brought him to me—now we'll settle the balance . " iue ins

      —iuiij urmuuu . viipiiuu aujusteu spectacles , and finding Tony had a credit of five stripes , was not a little irritated . "— " All de credit is fair , massa , " said Tony . — " Yes , but" said the Captain , puzzled how to give Tony a few licks any how , " but "—an idea popped into his head— " where ' s mp costs—you incorrigible scoundrel ? You want to swindle me , do you , out of my costs , you rascal . " " And , " added Captain Slick , chuckling at his own ingenuity , "I enter judgment against you for costs—ten stripes , " and forthwith satisfied the judgment . The Paris correspondent of the Medical Times observes : — "In England an honorary distinction conferred on a medical man is rarer than a black swan . Strange it is , that the least military nation of Europe should reserve all its honours for soldiers . "

      An American vender of a universal medicine declares that , if his prescription be followed literally , a cure is certain . " This medicine is to be taken is-ternally , Ex-ternally , and E-ternally . Mooltan Prize Monet . —The total amount of this booty is estimated at eighteen lacs of rupees , or £ 180 , 000 sterling . Lord Gough , as Commanderin-Chief on the field , will receive £ 20 , 000 . Waste not , AY ant not . —A gentleman who had put aside two bottles of capital ale , to recreate some friends , discovered , just before dinner , that his servant , a country bumpkin , had emptied them both .

      " Scoundrel , ( said his master ) , " what do you moan by this ? " " Why , sir , I saw plain enougii by the clouds that it were going to thunder , so I drank up the yale at once , least it should turn sour , for there ' s nothing I do abominate like waste . " A Sign . —Modest sign in the town of Mussel ' iurg : " Repository of Birmingham and Sheffield goods . Better goods sold here than any manufactured in Birmingham or Sheffield , and made on a different principle . " The Danes exacted an ounce of gold annually in Eire ( Ireland ) , and cut off the noses of all who did not pay the tax .

      The Jersey Times mentions that the Mormonitcs have opened a place of worship in St . Helicr . The Paris correspondent of the Literary Gazette remarks of queer title « : " There are now publishing in French newspapers romances called ' The Red Spirits , ' « The Bloody Marchioness , ' ' The Bloody Shoes ; " and there have lately been published , ' Digging into the Earth with one ' s Nails , ' ' How are you V ' The Midnight Bludgeon , ' and so on . " Our own penny literature can supply parallels . Lola Monies Whitewashed . —A young cockney more accustomed to the pencil than the pen , sends us the following impromptu on the marriage of the Countess of Landsfelt : — " Miss Lola , by her naughty tricks , Her ill-fame long had sealed , But , by this matrimonial fix , Grows virtuous , and gets Heal'd , " Leicestershire Herald .

      Be-Lyino . —At dinner we put this question to tho guests : —Which is the stronger , He or truth ? After a moment ' s consideration , Mr . Joseph Proctor answered , " Truth ! for you may ve-Zy " on it ! "New England Washingtonian . The Bankers in London . — The oldest banking houses in London are , Child ' s , at Temple Bar j Hoaro ' s in Fleet-street ; Stratum's ( formerly Snow ' * s ) , in the Strand ; and Gosling ' s in Fleetstreet . None date earlier than the restoration of Charles II . The original were Goldsmiths—" " Gold-smiths that keep running cashes" —and their shops were distinguished by signs . Child ' s was known by " The Marygold ; " still to be seen where cheques are cashed ; Hoare ' s by the " Golden

      Bottle ; " still remaining over the outer door ; Snow's by the " Golden Anchor ; " to be seen inside : and Gosling ' s , by the " Three Squirrels ; " still prominent in the iron work of their windows towards the street . The founder of Child ' s house was John Blackwell , an alderman of the city of London , ruined by the shutting up of the Exchequer , in the reign of Charles II . Stone and Martin ' s , in Lombard-street , is said to have been founded by Sir Thomas Gresham ; and the grasshopper sign of the Gresham family was preserved in the banking house till late in the last century . Of the West-end banking houses , Drummond ' s , at Charing-cross , is the oldest ; and , next to Drummond ' s , Coutts in the Strand . The founder of Drummond ' s obtained his great position by advancing money to the Pretender , and by the king ' s consequent withdrawal of

      Ins account . The king ' s withdrawal led to a rush ot the Scottish nobility and gentry with their accounts , and to the ultimate advancement of the bank to its present footing . Coutts ' s house was founded by Gporge Middleton , and originally stood irk St , Martin's-lane , near St . Martin's Church . Coutts removed it to its present site . The great Lord Clarendon , in the reign of Charles II ., kept an account at Hoare ' s ; Dryden lodged his £ 00 , for the discovery of the bullies who waylaid and beat him , at Child's , at Temple Bar . Gay banked at Drummond ' s ; Lady Mary Wortley Montague at Child ' s ; Gray at Hoare ' s ; Dr . Johnson and Sir Walter Scott at Coutts ' s ; and Bishop Percy at Gosling ' s . The Duke of Wellington banks at Coutts ' s ; the Duke of Sutherland at Drummond ' s ; the Duke of Devonshire at Snow ' s , or Strahan ' s .

      Marriage and Jewesses . —Tho Mosaic law forbids only marriages between Jews and the women of Canaan , not with any other outlandish women . On the contrary , the latter were expressly permitted . ; and when Miriam and Aaron " spake against Moses because of the Ethiopian woman whom he had - married , for he had married an Ethiopian woman , .... . the anger of the Lord was kindled against them . " ( Numbers xii ., 1 , 9 , and various sther passages . ) True , after the exile , it was strictly prohibited to marry any foreign woman ; but this law can hardly lie considered binding . Jewesses have always beert been free in their choice . —Jewish Chronicle .

      The late John Fielden . — A subscription has been set on foot by the friends of tho Ten Hours Bill , to place a monument in Westminster Abbey to the late Mr , John Fielden ,

      _ Heroes.—It Were Well If There Were Few...

      Lkicester—Advance of Waoes .-To the Editor . " 7 ! sir 'r "; hnvo now tho satisfaction of stating that the leading manufacturers have agreed to give threepence per dozen upon all wrought sham kmts ; the others that have been seen have kindlv consented to do the same . We consider the { hunks of the trade are due to the manufacturers , owing to the kind manner in ' which they have treated with the deputation on this occasion , and believe that the advance that is agreed to will give general satisfaction at this time to the hands both in the town and county . — Edward Nicholson , Josauh

      Ifandford , William Cleaver . —August 9 th , 1848 . — [ P . S . —There is still a portion of the hands on strike , which , it it hoped , will resume their on > ployment next ; week . ]—Leicester Mercury . Youthful Marriage . —In Jefferson county , Virginia , on the 20 th March , by Elder Sine , Mr . John Loy , aged eighty-five years , to Miss Catharine Sargent , aged seventy-live years and six months ' , altar a courtship of fortv years . Oh ! these youthful indiscretions ! Dr . ' Franklin's letter to " Jack ,- '" advising him to marry young , has done a world of mischief . Look at this now—another youthful victim sacrificed !—Chicago Journal .

      Ad00314

      TRY KUE YOU DESPAIR . HOLLO WAY'S PILLS . CUKE OF ASTHMA . Uxtract of a better from Mr . Benjamin Mackie , a respectable Quaker , dated Creenagh , near Loughall , Ireland , dated September 11 th , 1848 . Itespucm ) Fiueh ) , —Thy excellent Pills have cilwUially cured me of an asthma , which afflicted me for three ' years to such mi extent that I was ohligod to walk my I'oom at night for air , afraid ofbeini : suffocated if I went to bed by cough and phlegm . Hesides taking the Pills , 1 nibbed plenty of thy Ointment ! nto my chest night and morning , — ( Signed ) Benjamin Mackie . —To Professor Hollowa ? .

      Ad00315

      ON PHYSICAL DISQUALIFICATIONS , GENERATIVE INCAPACITY , AND IMPEDIMENTS TO MARRIAGE . Twentv-fifth edition , illustrated with Twenty . Six Anatoraical Engravings on Steel , enlarged to WU pages , price 2 s . Oil ; by post , direct from the Establishment , 3 s , 6 d ,, in postage stamps . r P H E SILENT FRIEND ; *¦ a medical work on the exhaustion and physical decoy ofthe system , produced by excessive indulgence , the consequences of infection , or the abuse of mercury , with observations on the marrried state , and the disqualifications which prevent it ; illustrated by twenty-six coloured engravings , and by the detail of eases . By ft . and L . PERRY and Co ., II ) , Bernors-street , Oxford-street , London . Published bv the authors , and sold by Strange , 21 , Paternoster-row ; Hannay , 63 , and Sanger , 150 , Oxford-street ; Starie , 23 , Tichborne-street , Haym & rket ; and Gordon , lie , Leadenhall-street , London ; J . and R . Illumes and Co ., Leitliwalk , Edinburgh ; 1 > . Campbell , Argyil-streel , Glasgow ; J . Priestly , Lord-street , and T . Newton , Chnrchstrcet , Liverpool : It . Ingram , Market-place , Manchester .

  • Citation
    • Northern Star (1837-1852), Aug. 18, 1849, page 3, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse.ac.uk/periodicals/ns/issues/ns2_18081849/page/3/