Current:

Northern Star (1837-1852), 19th May 1849, Edition 2 of 3, Page 4

Page 4
Page 4
4 of 8

On this page

  • Departments (2)
    • Co (EonTspontscnttf
    • rflE NORTffERS Sfi l SATPUKDAyrlTiAY 10, 18* 9. ;
  • Adverts (11)
  • Text (12)
  • Transcript

    • Note: This text has been automatically extracted via Optical Character Recognition (OCR) software. The text has not been manually corrected and should not be relied on to be an accurate representation of the item.

      Additionally, when viewing full transcripts, extracted text may not be in the same order as the original document.

      Ad00409

      HATSi HATS ! HITS ! A : IF YOU WAST A REALLY CHEAP AND EASHIONABEB HAT , GOTO ECKERSLEY ' S CELEBRATED HAT MART , 25 , CROWX-STREET , OPPOSITE THE UPPER GEORGE DfN , HALIFAX . OBSERVE THE XASGE GOLDEN HAT OVER THE . DOOR .

      ,,.; ,:,., ;:;:;;R; - • ' . - ^ ' — ^,^....

      ,,. ; ,:,., ; : ; : ;; r ; - ' . - ^ ' — ^ , ^ ... ^ r - '• - ¦• • ' - ' May m mo

      Ad00410

      x nee , ou ^ A new wid ^ egant edi tion , wife Steel Hate of the Author , of PA 1 H £ 'S POLITICAL WORKS . Ifow Ready , a Sew Eaifion-ef , * TSSISHOR'S WORK OK SHALL FARMS TM LABOURER MAGAZINE . Vols . 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , may still be had , neafl ; [ jound , jwice 2 s . G'd . each Xo . 4 , the 3 f umber oontaining Ma . O'Cosxob ' s 3 !! rea £ ise on the ^ National Land Company 5 * Xo . J * , the one contesting Mh . CGoxsoii ' fi Treatise " On the National Land . and Labour Baal connection with the Land Company ';"Have lately been reprinted ,-and icay be had on applies 4 on , Erice tkL each . Imperfections of the * labourer Jfagazine' may still b lad at « £ he Yublishers . In a neat Volume , Price is . 60 . ' 33 ae Evidence taken by the Select Com nittee of the House of Commons appointe < So enquire into the National Land Company . ' Ihis Volume ought to be in the hands of every Membe if . the Company , as it ririkiiigly illustrates the care am iconomy that have beea practised in the management o he-Funds of the Company , and j > ro . ves , beyond contradic ion , the practicability of the l'lim idiich the Company na jstaiiMied to carry out

      Ad00411

      Just published , ffo . III . Price Siwence , op - THE COMMONWEALTH . "jrHE COMMONWEALTH" will be & e Itepreseatative f the Chartists , Socialists , - and Trades' Unionists , in the Monthly Press . contests : 1 . What is to be done with Ireland S 2 . The Weaver ' s Daughter . 3 . Extinction of Pauperism . 4 . Popular Cause in Europe . . 5 . Social Effects of Peasant Proprietorship . . 6 . The Hero . 7 . Events ofthe Month .

      Ad00412

      PiSMieedhigs of the National Convention , ffhich assembled at London in April , 1848 . Thirty two very large and solid pages ; price only Threepence . The Trials of the Chartist Prisoners , Jones , Fussell , Williams , Vernon , & Looney . Twenty ¦ fo ur very large and full pages : price only Threepence . Sold by J . TVatson , Queen's Head Passage , Paternosterrow , Loudon ; A . Jleywood , Oldham-street , ^ Manchest er ; and Lore and Co ., 5 , Aelson-street , Glasgow . And by all Booksellers in Toiyk and Country .

      Ad00413

      REGISTER ! REGISTER ! REGISTER ! Sow Published , and ready for circulation , b y the Xaiioxal Electiox asd Registration Committee , A COMPLETE HAjSD BOOK AND GUIDE TO REGISTRATION , compiled from the Reform Act and other Parliamentary Papers , making the subject of Registration so plain and simple , as to bring it within the capacity of all Classes . Published by James Watson , 3 , Queen ' s Ileadpassage , Paternoster-row , London , andseld b y all booksellers in the United Kingdom . Price , only Thrzk Pexce . May also be had of the Secretary , James Ghassby , 8 , Xoah ' s Ark-court , Stan"ate , Lambeth .

      Ad00414

      CHARTIST SILK FABRICS . MESSRS . CLARS . AND WARUEN beg-most respectfully to call the attention of the Democrats of Great Britain to the following splendid assortment of Xeck and Pocket Handkerchiefs , Ulack Satin Vestpieces , Ladies' Chartist Coloured Satin and Tabby Bresspieccs ; also a splendid assortment of Ladies' plain and figured Neck Ties , which hare just come to hand from tbeir manufacturer at . Macclesfield , and it is their intention to forward them ( carriage free ) to all parts of Great Britain and Ireland at the following prices : — - £ s . d . Ladies' Dress-pieces , fourteen ysurds to the dress , 3 s . peryard „ .. .. .. 220 fienflemen ' s Extra Strong Black Satin Vesting , per Vest .. .. .. .. .. 0 10 0 Ditto , Neckerchiefs , Itich Oporto Ducapes , Plain and Plaided .. .. .. .. 0 5 6 Ditto , ditto , Satin Ducapes , Plaided .. 0 3 0 Ditto , ditto , Napoleon JBlue Satin Brussels , Crimson Borders .. .. 0 4 6 Ditto , ditto , Extra Rich Black Satin Turk , Heavy .. .. .. .. 0 4 3 Ditto , ditto , Black Brussels , Plain .. 0 4 0 Ditto , ditto , ditto , Tri-co-

      Ad00415

      TO TAILOHS . By approbation of Her Majesty dueen Victoria and His Boyal Highness Prince Albert Now Ready , THE LCXNDON and PARIS SPRING and SUMMER FASHIONS for 1 S 49 , by Messrs . BEXJAirtN JtEAD and Co ., 13 , Hart-street , Jlloomsbuiy-square , London ; and by GEORGE BERGEU , HolyweU-street , Strand ; a splendid PRINT , elaborately finished , and superbly coloured , the LANDSCAPE , a correct view in the Queen ' s Botanical Gardens , Loudon , ( by special permission , ) the most magnificent place in Europe . This beautiful picture will be accompanied with the most novel , good fitting , and fashionable Dress , Hiding , Prock , and Hunting CoatPatterns , both double and single-breasted ; Hussar's Youth's round Jackets , plain and with skirts ; single and double-breasted Dress , Morning and Evening Waistcoats ;

      Ad00416

      FRAMPTOyS PILL OF HEALTH , Price Is . 1 Jd . per box . THIS EXCELLENT FAMILY PILL is a medicine of long-tried efficacy for correcting all disorders nf ihe stomach and bowels , the common symptomiof which are costiveness , flatulency , spasms , loss of appetite , sek head-ache , giddiness , sense of fulness after xueals , dizziness of the eyes , drowsiness , and pains in the stomach and bowels : inuTgestioa , producing a torpid state of the liver , and a consequent inactivity of the bowels , cansmga disorganisation of every function of the . frame , will , by a little perseverance in this most excellent preparationbe ffectuall

      Ad00417

      On the 1 st of June , will appear Ke . I . of THE © BMOCRATIO iREVIEW Of BRITISH and FOREIGN POtmCS , HISTORY , and LITERATURE . ESted by G . JULIAS HAKSEY . At present w . Monthly Advocate of Democratic Progress exists in this < oeuntry . -. It is therefune proposed i © establish * uoh an organ , at a price which , -wail place it wifliin the reach of all sections of the people . The Vemocsaxic Bevibw will represent , contend for , and chronicle the jaxgress of Democratic Principles at Home situ ? Al * T * nafl

      Ad00418

      CIRCULATION-THIRTY-FIYE THOUSAND THE ' ' F A MILY F R I END A MOSTULT PERIODICA ! , UNRIVALLED IN . CHEAPNESS , INTEREST , AND

      Ad00419

      | COCK INN , HEAD OF THE SIDE , NEWCASTLE . MARTDT JUDE returns his sincere thanks to those Friends who so kindly supported ; him by their custom ' while at tlie Cock Inn , and begs to apprise them that he has declined the business in favour of Mi-. Thomas Gheexer , of BykerBar , who has most willingly accorded the same facilities to the Friends of liberty , Reform , and Progress , tliat ' they have hitherto been allowed at that Establishment THOMAS GREENER , ( Late of Byker Bar ) , Having succeeded M . Jdde in his business at the Cock Inn , Head of the Side , Newcastle , will be most happy to afford to all those frequenting tliat Establishment the " same opportunities for Meetings , Discussions , ic , they have hitherto had , and on the same terms and conditions . T . G . would also return thanks to those Clubs and Societies who , being already at tlie Cock Inn , have consented to remain , and he trusts that by close and unremitting attention to the comforts and convenience of his guests he shall have the continuance of their favours and support . T . G ., being : a Miner , hopes to have the support of that useful body of men .

      Ad00420

      CHARTERVILLE . A PUBLIC MEETING- "WILL BE J \ . held to adopt the PETITION FOR THE PEOPLE'S CHARTER , On WrDXESDAT , the 30 th of Mat . Chair to be taken precisely at Two o ' clock . Several popular leaders from London , Swindon , and Oxford Trill address the meeting upon the Rights of the People . Also , A PUBLIC TEA . PARTY AND BALL , on the same day , to be held at the School , for the benefit of the Victims . Tea at five o ' clock . Tickets for the Tea and Ball , Eightpence ,

      Ad00421

      XJ 1 J 2 1 UZ IfiJOiV XVUiXLMJlT L . DARE'S LIFE PILLS . L Which are acknowleged to be all that is required to : ongaer Disease and Prolong Life . Parr introduced to King Charles L—( See " Life and Times of Thomas Parr , " which may be had gratis of all Agents . ) The extraordinary properties of this medicine are thus described by an eminent physician , who says : — " After particular observation of tlie action of Pahr ' s Pills , I am determined , in my opinion , that the following are their true properties : — "First—They increase the strength , whilst most other medicines have a weakening effect upon the system . Let any one take from three to four or six pills eveiy twentyfour hours , and , instead of having weakened , they will be found to have revived the animal spirits , and to have imparted a lasting strength to the body . " Secondly—In their operation they go direct to the

      Frost, Williams, And Jones.—Our Friends-...

      Frost , Williams , and Jones . —Our friends-will be happy to learn that letters have arrived from Launceston , Van-Diemen ' s Land , containing intelligence ofthe safe arrival of Mrs . Jones at that place , and of her happy re-union with her husband , in the land of his captivity . The letters are from Mr . and Mrs , Jones , and bear date January 10 th , 1849 , and contain their thanks to those friends who aided and assisted in furnishing the means to convey Mrs . Jones to her husband . Mr . Jones is following his business as a watch-maker , a n d is in good health ; Williams is also well ; Frost has been very unwell . - .

      One thousand pounds hare been subscribed afc 'Birmingham towards the entertainment of the British Association . . Vjfeneral Taylor has expressed his intention to strike from the American army or navy list any officer who shall be engaged in a duel . He refuses also to restore to . his former position any officer cashiered on like grounds by either offiisprede-• WlOIf .

      Co (Eontspontscnttf

      Co ( EonTspontscnttf

      J- Sweet, Acknowledges The Receipt Of Th...

      J- Sweet , acknowledges the receipt of the following sums for tlie Victim Fund , ( sent herewith ) , viz .: —Mr . Wild , 2 d . ; Mir . Knott , 3 d .. ; Mr . Smithed . A Friend , Gd . ; Mr . ; Kirk , 14— For Mrs . " M'Docau ( sent to Liverpool ) : —From the " Colonel Hutchinson , " 5 s , j the "King of Uie French , " Is . 2 ^ d . - Mr . ELDAixr , Wrentham . —At 144 , High Holborn . J . H . Ceook . —Received .. I received the following letter from Neilston , Scotland , also a Post Office-order for the sum . of £ 2 lGs . Our friends will see tlie amount acknowledged in the proper place . — W . Rider , " Neilston , Scotland , May 15 . —Sir , —Will you be kind ' . enough to insert the following notice in your valuable paper , so that our friends in adversity may know who are , in reality , their friends : —Deceived from Lawson ' s Printers , Paisley , £ 15 s . 9 d . '; Patrick Banks , Slates , 15 s . 6 d . ; Galloway's , Paisley , 3 s . 3 d . ; Kerr s Printers , Paisley , 4 s . 3 d . ; Ercleston , Paisley , Is 6 ( 1 . ; Crossmill Printers , Barrhead , 9 s . 9 d . ; South Artichoke Printers , Barrhead , Cs . yd . ; Friends of the Good Cause , lis . 3 d . The way this money was collected demanded

      some expenses which will only be understood by the parties stibscribHig , although it is unnecessary to enter into the details here . For a Gun , 10 s . ; a Stuffed Bird and Case , 5 s . ; acopyofPaine ' s Bights of Man , Is . ; Bills , 2 s . ; Room Bent , 3 s . ; the Town Crier , Is . You may expect to receive another sum in the course of next week . If other parties would take up the gauntlet there might be a pretty round sum collected . —Yours respectfully , Robert Patrick , James Gem , W > r . Bochasxan Gobmby . —To Wm . Bider , Northern Star Office . ¦¦ B . P . Hartlepool . —We do not know . J . Hill , Southampton ; and Luke King , ¦ Cripplegnte . — Your announcements are advertisements , and should have been paid for as such . J . Wabd , Wakefield , recommends the formation of a committee in every town in England and Ireland , ' having -for its object tlie liberation of all political prisoners . Mr . II . Bokkeit , Edinburgh . —It is discontinued . J . Pitts , Torquay , calls upon theland members of that town to again establish their weekly meetings ; . '• T . OuMESHEK . —The balance sheet ' , ic , shall appear in . next Saturday ' s Star . ¦ -. ' .. W . Robeiitson and JIVockus . —Received . - '¦ : ' .

      , Irish Destitution, ;; • We Beg To Call...

      , IRISH DESTITUTION , ;; We beg to call our readers' . attention' to the speechof Mr , O'Connor , " on the ; ' question , of Irish destitution , which appears in our present number , a , speech to' which the impartial " Times" has devoted fifty-one ' lines . . So much for the impartiality of the PresS " - ¦' ' '•• ' ' ¦ ¦ - . .... ..:. ! . ,: i .... ¦

      Ll

      ll

      Mr / 0 . ' Connor , will attend the public meeting to beheld- at Newton ' si . Phoenix Tavern , Radcliffe-crossj- on "Wednesday evening next , the 23 rdinst . : ' . /^ ; . , , ¦

      Rfle Nortffers Sfi L Satpukdayrltiay 10, 18* 9. ;

      rflE NORTffERS Sfi l SATPUKDAyrlTiAY 10 , 18 * 9 . ;

      Transportation Of The Irish, : The Great...

      TRANSPORTATION OF THE IRISH , : The great Irish difficultyis at length solved All laws of Registration , Landlord and Ter nant Bills , Poor Laws , Sale of Encumbered Estates , Rates in . Aid ,- Assimilation of Cri . minal Laws , Tithe Composition Acts , Treason and Felony Bills , Suspension of the Habeas Corpus Acti Free Trade , packing of Juries , enlistment of Espies , subornation of witnesses , trickery , of officials , and bias of judges , have all—one and all—failed to solve the great Irish difficulty ; but the inventive niind of man , which we imagined had exhausted its nostrums for the tranquillisation of Ireland andthe develope

      ment of her national resources has , at length , hit upon the expedient of depopulating the country ; and what is most miraculous , this newly invented system comes from the . saints , whose spiritual pride resists the indignity of meeting in committee before two o ' clock upon Ascension day , while they shed not a tear aud heave not a sigh at the announcement that be tween 900 and 1 , 000 persons perished . in one workhouse within one week ; But this most extraordinary character in this most extraordinary melo-drama is that assumed b y pur day scholar of Printing House-square — - the "Times . " ¦ ¦ ,, »

      It is not many weelcs since we published the lamentations of our pupil over the loss of tlie hardy and industrious Irish . "If we lose them , " said the "Thunderer , " " who will supply their place—who will pave our streets—who will be our scavengers and our wharfingers- — who will reap our harvest—and where shall we secure substitutes as consumers of our manufactures ? " ' ., \ J . ;; -. ' ' This hullagone over the departing -Irish was KEENED when , no doubt , the mouth-piece of Wbiggery rested confidently ' upon . the . capability of Ministers to solve the great Irish difficulty ; but all attempts' , having hitherto failed , mark the altered tone of our pupil ; He now says : —

      In the poorest and most exhausted lands the thickest multitude of people is to he found . " Before aught . can . he done for laud or people the surplus of inhabitants must be removed . If they stay , they cumber the land , they do . not till it ; they thrust and jostle against each other , they do not help one another . They are at the same moment drains upon the national resources and impediments to national energy . ¦ . True , they do congregate upon the barren soil . They " are like the timid hare started in the corn field , and hunted into the jungle in the hope of puzzling her pursuers—they are

      like the rabbit , poached by the ferret into the furthest recess of his burrow , in the hope of evading his tormentor—they are poached into the wild wilderness , where they hope to escape the grasping hand of tyrant man , or to die unobserved . They are driven from the more fertile soil , upon which then * labour might be profitably expended , to hide their poverty , their nakedness and destitution ; while , as the 7 * Times " admits , their thews , their sinews , their muscles , and their strength might be profitably applied to the cultivation ofthe land of their birth .

      Does this representative of sanctity , or do the saints themselves , read the word of their GOD ? And if they do , have they discovered that God made , man—not pampered aristocracy , who are pallid , crippled , emaciated , arid pale , but the industrious employed working man" after his own image ; " commanded him to live in the " sweat of his . brow , on the fruits of the earth , " which he is kindly to preserve to his own use . And are the Irish to be transported from the land of their birth , for . follies and crimes committed by those who have violated every law of Gob- andman , in order that they may eviide—for a season— -that vengeance -which is sure to overtake them ?

      " God gave us moat but the Devil , gamus cooks'' is an old saying , and it is equally true that Gop gave us land but the Devil gave us landlords . We wonder what -the Lincolnshire farmer and the Manchester manufacturer would say , the one if he missed the harvest hands that reaped his corn , * ar id ^ he-ptherr-the hands that plied his shuttle or worked ' , Jns loom ; while we would ask the ; English consumer , whether the-mind oi : man could suggest a greater anomaly , or . paradox , than that which recommends him to rely upon the produce o f o th er co u n t r i es , while the land of his birth is uncultivated arid unprofitable . ? !!"

      This question of population , and the application of labour to reproductive employment , is one becoming interesting , not only to the poor but to the rich ; not alone to the landlord , to the tenant , or to the labourer , hut to the monarch , to ' . ' the official , to the merchant , the manufacturer , the banker , the trader , the shopkeeper , the artificer , the mechanic , and the artisan ; and it is one which the industry of this country will , ere long ; compel its rulers to solve .

      If we require proof of the capability of the soil ofthe country to support the population of the country , it is sufficiently made manifest in the fact , " that whilst agricultural Lincolnshire employs no more than nine labourers to every hundred acres , those hundred acres , if properl y cultivated , would not only , at three acres to a family , support thirty-three families in comfort and comparative affluence , but would make

      those thirt y-three families , living upon the profits of free labour , better'customers ; for all . articles of produce than- the . nine serfs existing upon stave labour , measured by the caprice of the employer . Let : it not be understood , however , that any farmer cultivating a hundred 'i ^ cres of- land employs ; nine agricultural . labourers , ^ inasmuch as Mr . Monsell ' s average is based , -not iipon the amount of hands' actually employed in agriculture , but i » arrived » t thus ;—

      Transportation Of The Irish, : The Great...

      Suppose a farmer to ¦ cultivate a' thousand- acres of land , ; whereof'four , hundred acres are' in cultivation - arid six hundred in grass , Mr . Monseli divides the thirty six hands thus employed' over the whole one thousand acres - " thus establishing the fact , but not admitting it , that no more than , three and a half hands were employed to each hundred acres , while the six hundred acres in grass would give employment to ho more than two or three herdsmen or shepherds . '

      Let us draw a fair illustration of the fact from one of our own much-reviled' colonies . Upon Snig ' s End , where there are over eighty men located , and all sure to do well and thrive , formerly no more than four or five hands were employed , while the surplus'produce , after feeding the increased number of cultivators , will create a greater abundance in the consuming market . We write for sensible and thoughtful men ,

      whose interests are not only extensively but wholly dependent upon the legitimate and profitable cultivation of the soil , while the " Times" is compelled -to cater to the prejudice , the folly , and insanity of factions , and knows no-more of theland and its capabilities than the crow that flies over it . However , although our readers are familiar with the subject , even at the hazard of repetition , wc would ask them whether the mind of man can conceive or

      propound , much less advocate , a greater fallacy than the proposition to transport the labouring classes from a country whose land , it is admitted , is all but waste ? It is not long since we quoted a most cheering passage from the lesson of our daily pupil ; in whicfrhe spoke . most enthusiastically and hopefully of subdividing the Royal domains into peasant holdings , and bedecking them with humble peasant homesteads . Upon therii we were told that the surplus population may be located ; and we were charmed with the

      admission , though certainly not novel , that where corn grew before corn would grow again . Well , by a parallel of reasoning , we may indulge'in the fond hope that where reason has entered , before reason may enter again ; and that our -pupil , when his present masters are on the bleak side of . the Treasury , will discover that his ink , his paper , and his goosequill are all produced by the land , and although the proper cultivation of the land may Ieadito the propagation of large flocks of geese , it will also tend to diminish cormorants .

      We / would ask the reader , whether the mind of the most silly , the most imbecile or insane of his class , could suggest or invent a more startling piece of folly than the following extract from the columns of our pupil ?—We want to clear the land of that which threatens to eat up the land , and to retain the farmers and small ' proprietors . Again , it should be remembered that , . were government to assist the first one or two batches of emigrants , they in their turn would be able to assist others . Emigration begets emigration . The emigration of tlie poor fosters , the emigration of other poor . ¦ Now what does the reader think of that ? Our friend wants to clear the land , and informs us that those who have become destitute

      paupers upon , the land , if . expatriated at the expense of Government—that is , at the expense of the people , they will be able in a foreign country , not only to support themselves independently , but to furnish their pauper friends at home with a sufficiency to enable them to fly the pest-house also . If we paid a magician , or ovon a legal official , to suggest cause of accusation against a government , could either effect the purpose more coriipletely

      than our cotemporary has done ; for what . is the conclusion , the only conclusion , to be drawn from these premises ? Is it not that misgovernmeni and mismanagerhent have made population surplus in a fertile land with genial , climate ; while the same population , under other and better government , may not only live comfortably , but may uphusband from their savings a sufficiency to enable their friends and relatives to follow them ?

      Again , suppose the money to be applied to the employment of labour at home , instead of to the transportation of the labourer ; in such case , what a different aspect would the country bear , what a different" position would the landlords hold , and what a different feeling would the Irish people entertain towards their Saxon oppressors . In the words , not of Gratxan , although . they are ascribed . to him , but in the words of Arthur O'Connor , printed in 1797 , we conclude , that : " Three million Irish slaves will rivet England ' s chains . "

      Cost Of Crime. "We Have Often Stated Tha...

      COST OF CRIME . "We have often stated that " man is born ¦ with propensities which ' may be nourished into virtues , or thwarted into vices , according to his training ; " and we have further added , " that there is more of good than of evil in every man horn into this world , if means were taken to develope his superior qualities , instead of , as under the present system , a strong inducement being held out for the devclopement of the inferior qualities . "

      It is a notorious fact of long standing m England—and one with which every man is conversant—that the unwilling' idler , understanding the difference between prison and workhouse fare , prefers criminality to pauperism , and commits the crime which will consign him to the prison , in preference to pauperism , which will consign him to the bastiJe . ' -As the strongest proof of this assertion we have stated

      that " if the' , infant , of the Queen , at two or three years of age , and the infant of a heartless murderer , or systematic robber , are placed under the same tutelage , it would bo in the power of the tutor to . make the royal infant a drunkard , a prostitute , a liar , and a thief ; while , hy training , he would make the child of the murderer revolt at the commission of any one of those acts . "

      Is it not notorious , then , that when this difference is established by the Government between criminality and pauperism , that the effect of legislation is to develope the vices and suppress the yirtues implanted "by nature in man . Therehas notheen amorehorrifying devclopement made to this country , as regards the cost of criminality induced by bad government , than that submitted to Parliament by Mr .-Charles Pearson , on Tuesday night . He stated itb the House—and : it was ; uncontradicted , because susceptible of the eiasiest proof— "that the

      accommodation for every system-made thief in York Castle cost the country £ 1 , 200 : that is , lodging for each prisoner costs that amount of money , , or , at five per cent ., ; £ 60 a year . And this not including the prison diet , or prison dress , for' which many now would he too happy to exchange their domestic fare and clothing , huti for / the , mere lodging of criminals . . Now , will not every man of sane mind , and with a . particle of common sense , and with such a startling ' arid iiTefutable fact before his eyes , " come to the inevitable and onl y conclusion , that vice is systematically propagated ,

      and at an enormous expense ,, in order—^ as Mr . Drtjmmond truly stated—that the capitalist may exercise his baneful influence over . ; the unwilling idler , who has hut the alternative of the bastile or the prison , the transport or the gallows ? . In his admirable speech , he showed that which we have systematically contended for , that it would he right , and proper , and just , to free this handcuffed labour , and apply it to the ' cultivation of the ^ soil appropriated to each prison and . workhouse . Upon one point . h

      owever , we differ from the Hon ' ourahleGentleman- —for whereas he proposes tliat the surplus profit , after the sustenance of the prisoner , should go into the Exchequer- ^ -we propose that it should go to the prisoner himself while . we confess that such a proposition would , ' in the first instance , inevitabl y JeacV to the perpetration of & sufficient amount of crime measuredbythflt , standard which would make prison disci ple employment , arid distribution of profit preferable to , ' ahd mofeinvitina % an theprefieatfilavf v « w *

      Cost Of Crime. "We Have Often Stated Tha...

      -. Perhaps . no spee ch of greater importance , or more ably delivered , or powerfully sustained in all ' its points , was ever , addressed to Parliament than ; that of Mr . Pearson . As was evident from its consecutive bearing , lie had made himself thorough master of the subject , arid so powerful were the facts he adduced , that it rendered it impossible for the Home Secretary , , or any other Member , to refute one of them . Let us now analyse some of those startling facts . Mr . Pearson says ;—It appeared that the prisons of this country cost , on thc average , JMOO . OOU a year , irrespective ofthe cost the Government had to defray for the punishment of crime bymeans of the hulks and transportation .

      Now , as is our . custom , and however unpalatable to our readers reiteration and repetition may be , we are determined that , as the people are a money-governed class , to keep their minds unremittingly aud systematically directed to the proper and beneficial , as compared with the improper and injurious , application of that money . In the above speech , Mr . PEARSON . shows that the annual expenditure upon prisons is ££ 400 , 000 , and this irrespective ofthe salaries of Governors , Turnkeys , Officials , and the one thousand and one incidentals ; andthe rule-of-threc-mind of this moneymongoring nation will have no difficulty in

      arriving at the conclusion , that at four per cent ., £ 400 , 000 . would , pay the . interest of ten millions of money , and those ten millions would locate nearly eighty-four thousand persons upon four' acres of land , costing £ 30 an acre , or would put to profitable employment , at five to ; a family , four hundred and twenty thousand , and that number would give profitable employment to as many more ; . or , in other words , the amount expended upon this rogue-creating system , would at once provide , for . nearly

      one-. thir . teen . th ofthe whole , of the population of this kingdom , by locating them , not upon two acres of rock , bog , or moor , . but upon four acres of the best land to be purchased .. . . This is a startling fact , and one to which ' neither therule . d nor the ruler , the landlord , the tenant , or the labourer , the capitalist or the slave , can much . longer shut their eyes or close their ears . " Let us now call the attention ofthe reader to the present state of crime in this , reformed age . Mr . Pearson says;— . ..

      The number of commitments and recommitments in England and Wales for the trial of criminal charges liaa increased within the last forty years upwards of four hundred per cent , whilst the increase of-population was only sixty-five per cent . We now beg to call attention to the following startling announcement , made by the hon . gentleman , and which comment of ours would but tend to weaken , He ' says : — . He should show that this increase was also partly owing to the great increase of comfort in gaols , , and to the fact

      that the prisoners were better'fed , better clothed ; ' better lodged , and better taught than the class to' which they belonged . . The prisoners were taught a taste for luxurious indolence , which it was impossible for them to gratify . when they were turned out of prison , and they left it with less capability of earning their living . by , honest industry than when they entered it . Thus , while they inflicted an enormous injury upon the ratepayer , theyalso committed an injustice upon the honest poor , by teaching them that crime was attended by comforts such as they could not themselves procure . Again , he states as follows :

      In Millbank , Pcntonville , and some few other prisons , we made the industry of the prisoners produce something , but then it was by educating them to flood the labour market ; we made thieves shoemakers , which tended to drive other shoemakers to ha thieves . More than half the prisoners sent to Millbauk were mere labourers—unskilled labourers—worth ( say ) 2 s . a-day ; if we made them able to displace honest tailors and shoemakers , earning 3 s . ' n-day , we gave a premium to crime . ' Now , while we contend that no stronger proof could be adduced of the inducement that the present system holds out to crime , and

      al t houg h the unemployed shoemaker , or the badly-paid shoemaker may be seduced to the coniinisssion of crime , in the hope of better ing his condition , we also contend , that if his condition was measured by the standard of justice and equitable remuneration for his labour , that is , if his free labour was increased by the greater ability of a greater number to wear shoes , the prison would then offa'iio fascination or inducement to him , to commit crime . We now come to the kernel ofthe hon . gentleman's plum . He says : —

      With regard to the application of prison labour , he ( Jfr . Pearson ) would apply it to laud . He : had had the opportunity afforded him of obtaining the opinions of above a hundred eminent farmers and agriculturists with regard to the power of 1 , 000 prisoners employed upon 1 , 000 acres of land to make it maintain them ; and . the answers were most satisfactory . In selecting land , he' had taken into consideration that labourupon land was most easily learnt , and , being-the healthiest , did not require an expensive diet to maintain health . What now will the HAYTER say ? What will the Poor Law RAVEN eay ? And what will the located members on the Land

      Company ' s estates now- say to the farmers who tell them that three , four , or five acres will not support a man 1 Not cultivated by prison or slave labour , but cultivated by free labour . And what will the " Whistler" and our Free Trade philanthropists say , when they learn that agricultural labour is tlie most healthy a n d t he m os t easil y learned . If Mr . Pearson had been employed to argue the capability of the Land before the Committee that sat in judgment upon it , we think his evidence would have been * irrefutable , conclusive , a-nd irresistible ; but he was arguing the whole question which might be the means of reducing the annual expenditure of the country , while we have propounded our system as a -means of securing the independence of the people .

      We commenced with a maxim , we shall « onclude with a moral ; we have said more than once—< - " Show us a saint , and we will show you a sinner ; " and could-we , we as k , furnish stronger proof ofthe assertion , than is supplied in the following passage ?— ' At Reading nine-tenths of the prisoners were confined for a limited time—one of the chaplains said too short to make it possible for them to effect any improvement— and the consequence , as he observed , was that a man so

      imprisoned was set at large " more vile than before . " ( Hear , hear . ) Three prisoners had been pardoned on account of th « ir piety and good conduct . They bad written all sorts of religious themes , and their knowledge of Scripture was such that they were like walking concordances . They were accordingly discharged . These were the only three names which had ever been shown forth in the return of the Reading Gaol as converts of the system there pursued . Two of these had since been transported , and the third had fled under a charge of felony .

      '" John , have you sanded the sugar ?""Yes , Sir . " " Have you damped the tobacco ?"— " Yes , ' Sir . " " Have you watered the gin ?"— "Yes , Sir . " . "Then now , lad , fetch thy prayer-book , and come to church . "

      The Charter. Mr. O'Connor Has Given Noti...

      THE CHARTER . Mr . O'Connor has given notice of the following motion to be submitted to th © House on the 5 th of June , and it is our earnest request that petitions , between this and that day , should be poured irilfrom all parts ofthe country , in order to convince the House that neither specials , muskets , artillery , Gagging Bills , nor Coercion , have subdued the Chartist

      spirit ^ nor in anywise compelled the people to relax in their glorious struggle for the achievement of their just and inalienable rights , and from the possession of which alone they can relieve themselves from ' their present state of servile degradation and dependence . A man may do a man ' s share of work ,- but he cannot , without the assistance of the people , accomplish any measure which has for its object the release of the weak and unprotected from the trammels of the strong and privileged ' . : K 0 W

      ^?^ M D EXPECTS THAT EVERY ™™ lILL D 0 HIS DUTY ' WHAT IS TO BE S h 1 ° peSPE 0 PLEj MUST BE D 0 NE The following is the motion : — - ^ To move , that this House , recognising the great principle that labour is the source of allwealth-that ttertT 6 the i k legitimate source of power-^ l 3 , -5 ourei : should b * $ te fi « t partaker ofthe fruits of ™

      jis PwnindustryAh ^ toS'Sout believing that the resources of the countrv would £ S & r [ e K in con / unction with ff rI hoh ebyother widufitrial pursuits ; that fcSft , * ' •*** ' «*«»;*** ' truths' this taSXSW ^ e n c « ple 8 emboaied in the docuflnnil tw ? ^ ^^ ^ S « fege , VotobyBaDot , m , M Payment of Members . "

      The Land. The Following Paragraph Having...

      THE LAND . The following paragraph having appear ^ , in the papers , the ignorant scribblers having ] . transferred the scene of misery from BromsJ grove , uponhviiich tenants are not yet located d to the Kedmarley Estate , we cheerfully pnjj ' j , ' lish it , arid it will , no doubt , excite la ughteiei and merriment amongst those occupants , oneu of whom has recently given the former cecum pant nearly two hundred pounds for his loca < a tion . It is enough to make a Quaker kick hisi , mother , to hear those ragged rascals , Avitftj goose quills in their hands , cigars in theiri mouths , stinking of g in , and no brains in theirii skulls , daring to write upon the question oftli &< Land . Have any of those hired ragamuffin . ! slaves written a line in condemnation of then COBDEN-SCHOLEFIELD bog , moor , and rock y

      FREEDOM FOR THE MILLIONS ? No , not a line , the ruffians , as they arepaidd for , and live upon , lies . These ignorant buf . ? foons . all believe , as we have often stated , thatt their vegetables grow under the greengrocer ' s 3 stall , and their meat under the butcher ' s block »» but we do not despair of making even thorn l comprehend the value ofthe land , "AS IT IS NOW ASCERTAINED FR 0 JU "PRACTICAL EXPERIENCE THAT A MA 2 U " CA 2 f SUPPORT HIMSELF , WIFE , AND Fa "MILY , UPON TWO ACRES OP Moon-LAS ]} ¦ "AT THIRTY SHILLINGS PER ACRE RENT *' ' 'AT THE OCCUPATION OF STONE GRIND" 1 SG . "

      AYe" thought these cheap-bread gentlemen 1 would realise thc old proverb—> " "When the ; people asked for bread , they gave them a . stone . " The following extract is taken from the " Coventry Herald and Observer" of the 14 th of May . We know something about the manager of that paper , but shall content ourselves , for the present with assuring him , that the worst character upon the Company ' s estate would not be seen marching through Coventry with such a fellow . Here follows the extract : Mil Feajigus O'Conkou ' s Land Scheme at Redmarlev has completel y exploded . Six families have left , ami tile remainder are said to be in a state approaching- to destitu tion .

      Parliamentary Reyletr. Narrow As Was The...

      PARLIAMENTARY REYLETr . Narrow as was the escape of the Ministry from a defeaton the Navigation Laws Bill in the House of Peers , their escape on the Hate in Aid Bill was still narrower . In the first case , ten proxies defeated a present majority of fourt"cn . peers ; in the second , proxies not having been had recourse to , the ministerial measure passed by a " glorious majority" of One ! according to some of the morning papers ;—of Two , according to others . Of course a measure that thus closel y escaped

      being thrown out , will have but small moral weight with those who are opposed to it . The people of Ulster will . not find their objections to it diminished b y the prestige arising from a large majority , which , though not a satisfactory , is , at all events , a powerful support to any parliamentary enactment . The only chance of the obnoxious rate being collected that we can see , lies in the ounningly-contrived machinery by which , jt is to be included in the

      ordinary rate , and collected at the same time . Had it been levied separately—and speciall y collected as a Rate in Aid , we very much doubt whether , its opponents in Ulster would have paid one farthing . Even as it is , the opposition and . resistance threatens , to be a severe one . Tho question of the Poor Law ia Ireland , and its better adaptation to tho state of society in that country has occupied some time this week . Lord John ' s amended Law

      undoubtedly remedies some obvious defects in the Act , though we confess the main provision in the new Bill—the fixing of a maximum rate—does seem to us rather a strange one . The first three clauses relate to the establishment of such a rate in each locality—five shillings in the pound of the annual value in the electoral division , and , a f ter , that , two shillings in the pound in . the union at large—in all , seven shillings in the pound . Beyond this , no farther taxation , for the relief of the p oor , can be levied in future . It is contended

      that this enactment is absolutely necessary to induce persons to become tenants of farms , who would ' otherwise be deterred by the fear of limitless taxation , and the apprehension that pauperism may catch up the" whole ot * their capital . The argument may be just enough in that view of the matter , but viewed in relation to the abstract principle ofthe Poor Law —namel y , that the propert y of Ireland must support the poverty of Ireland—it is evidently inconsistent . If the seven shillings in the

      pound is insufficient to relieve the destitution 0 : the people , they must either perish helplessly or the relief must come out of the Imperial revenues . In the latter case , a gross injustice will be committed on thc toiling people of . tills island , who will be taxed to support the paupers made "by Irish landlordism and past misgovernment , to the saving of the pockets of those who have possession of the soil of Ireland , and who ought either to make it support the people , or resign it into the hands of those . who would cause it to do so .

      Ireland has constituted , and appears likely to continue , the main question of this , as it has done of many previous sessions . Its difficulties , disasters , destitution , and disease and deaths , meet us at every turn . The ( xorer : ) - ment have a host of measures relating to Land and Drainage , sale of Encumbered Estates , and other topics before Parliament , each oi which gives rise to what are called "Irish Debates ; " and private Members—not content with these opportunities of talking upon the subject—bring forward motions , the only ol )«

      ject of which seem to be to increase the quautity of «• talk . ' \ If «« talk '' could have done it , Ireland should now be in a most prosperous condition . Among . the "talks" this week there was one on Tuesday about Emig ration . Mr . MoXSKLtis not satisfied with the . 'itodY rapid depopulation of Ireland by the combined agencies of death by starvation , andthe voluntary expatriation of all who have the means of flying from the country . He ,-therefore , proposed a resolution calling upon the Govern * ment to aid in the transportation of a still

      larger number ; to which Sir Ceokge CtIIEY , on the part of the Ministry , gave his consent , as a means — according to his own statement—of " removing the local congestion of population which exists in some parts of Ireland . " It is not ofteQ we find ourselves agreeing with Mr . Jo" * ' O'Connell , nor are we penetrated bv ^ deep reverence for his senatorial qualificationsbut for orice in our lives we cordially concur

      with the amendment he moved to Mr . Mo * sell' s proposition . If the object be vcallj to clear Ireland entirel y of its present inha bitants , itwouldbebettertoavowtheintentionmanl » uy and make preparations on a scale comme S rate with the magnitude of the object . W . " Times" prettybroadly hints at such a consul * mation , by suggesting howmany Irish fim » JJ could have been transported to Canada , by j ? ten-millions already spent on Ireland , if *? money had been devoted to carrying awa )' . - "

      Irish wholesale : at £ G a head . In that cm we are told . that " more ; than . a million «»' half of Irish paupers , who are now Wlte l the island out of its propriety , might have located as British Colonists . " But m ^ name of common sense let usask , why ^ ore > lion and a half of unemployed—and , tw « fc rf J pauperised ~ labourers should be carried from Ireland at a cost of ten millions " . j to " the vast forests yet unknown- - . rirairiea a , R vf > t . -iiTi + rnddon hv the foot of " ' , „

      the fields which yearn for the ploug h , the sp and the axe , ? . ' . in ; the British colowes ^ the . same labour and the same m oney c $ more profitably and more speedily e y tf , upon the uncultivated lands of J * " * w

  • Citation
    • Northern Star (1837-1852), May 19, 1849, page 4, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse.ac.uk/periodicals/ns/issues/ns2_19051849/page/4/