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AtratKT 10, 1848. THE NORTHERN STAR. 3
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i&etrp*
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THE LAMEST OF O'QSIYE . (From * literal ...
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THE SOttAK TTRA5T. ST XDW1K GILT, . Tear...
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SIMMONDSS COLONIAL MAGAZINE. Lon - don :...
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* GoLLtau—a name of MiUsias. ¦ f Xial—of...
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.Emigrant s Guide to New South Wales Pro...
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The Republican. August. London: J. Watso...
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The Truth Teller. No. 2. Stalybridge: B....
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Arrest of Mr Gammage.—Another deed of vi...
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T m^PAS^US LIVERPOOL -COMMITTAL OF CUDDY...
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A priest, in a rich abbey in Florence, n...
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#fitt£ anfc jmufes.
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RIGHT 6F propebty in wind. "" Water mill...
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Note: This text has been automatically extracted via Optical Character Recognition (OCR) software. The text has not been manually corrected and should not be relied on to be an accurate representation of the item.
Additionally, when viewing full transcripts, extracted text may not be in the same order as the original document.
Atratkt 10, 1848. The Northern Star. 3
AtratKT 10 , 1848 . THE NORTHERN STAR . 3
I&Etrp*
i & etrp *
The Lamest Of O'Qsiye . (From * Literal ...
THE LAMEST OF O'QSIYE . ( From * literal translation of the original Irish Ib O'CtKnor ' s Dissertations on Irish Bisio-y . ) Bt JESEKI 1 H JjSEPH C 1 LLAXAX . [ Pearflatha O'Gnl & mh was family Ctamh or Bard , to the O'Neill of Clannboy about the year 1556 . The poem of which the following lines are the translation , commences « lih . ' JIatkruxgh mar ataid Groadhil , J
How dimm'd is the glory that circled the Gael , And fsll'n the high people of green lonufail , The sword of the Saxon is red with their gore , And the mighty of nations is mighty no mora . Like a bark on the ccecn long shattered and tost , On the land of your fathers at length yon are- lost , The hand of the apoiler Is stretched on your plains . And jou ' re doom'd from your cradles to bondage and chains , 0 where is the beauty that beam'd on thy brow ? StroEg hand In the battle , how weak art then now ! That heart is now broken that never would quail , And thy high tones are turned into weeping and wall .
Bright shades . of our tires i from jour homes iu the laitJ , 0 blast not your sons with the scorn of yoar eyes ! Prond spirit cf Gsllamh * fcow red is thy cheek , Fer th y freemen are slaves , aai thj mighty aro weak O ' Nelllf of the Hostages ; Con J whose high natae On s bnsdxei red battles has floated to fame , Let the long grass still sigh undisturbed o ' er thy ileep , Arise net to shame ui , awake cot to weep ! In thy broad wing of darkness infold us , 0 night , "Withhold , 0 Mint Bun , the reproach of thy light ,
For freedom or valour no more canst thou tee . In the home of the brave , in the iileof the free . ASiction ' sdark waters your spirits have bow'd , And oppression hath wrapped all your land in its thxaui . Since first from the B . ebons' § pure justice you strayed , Andbtntto those laws the proud Saxon has made . We kcow not oar country , so strange ia her face , Her boos once her glory are now her disgrace , Gone , gone is the beaaty of fair InnisfaU , !] For the stranger now rules in the land of the Gael .
Wnere , where are the woodi that oft rang to your cheer , Where you waked the wild chase of the wolf and the deer ! Can those dark ntighti , with ramparts all frowning and riven , Ba the hlLhi where yonr forests wav'd brightly in heaven ? 0 bondsmen of Egypt , no Hoses appears , To light your dark steps thro * this desert ef tears , Degraded and lost ones , no Hector is nigh , To lead you to freedom , to teachyom to die !
The Sottak Ttra5t. St Xdw1k Gilt, . Tear...
THE SOttAK TTRA 5 T . ST XDW 1 K GILT , . Tear the brand from the trembling hand , Of the terror-itrickea slave ; Bash to the earth the falling serf , That dared our raaadates brave . Drown iahle-sa hi * clamour for food , To dungeons bear him awsy , Stifle his cry of agony , And te- vultures give his clay . Shall subjects dare the red arm bare , Despite our royal decree ; That free and thrall , should prostrate fall .
And meekly bend the knee ! Hurrah ! we ride o'er tbe crimson tide 'Sang Trail , quetn of yore "Without remorse—tho' her sire ' s coree , Her war-steeds splashed with gore . But Tsrquin's race of despots base , Soon ceased to rule in Borne ; The peaple ' s might proclaimed the right To crash a tyrant's throne . And oft sines then , whea men were taea , And despots rnlei with bate , Rite , kingcraft hatred beneath a clcni , While freedom stood elate .
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Simmondss Colonial Magazine. Lon - Don :...
SIMMONDSS COLONIAL MAGAZINE . Lon - don : Simaonda and Co ., Barge-yard , Bucklers bury . It is a considerable time since we last noticed this magazine , which has now completed its fourteenth volume . A perusal of the principal contents of the recent numbers , has satisfisd us that there ia no fallin ? off in the talent and pains-taking indnstry of the editor , which ofcen , ere now , we have justly praised . So corner of the world bat is ransacked bj Air Sim-Eoad ? for information on ill subjects of interest to the very namerens class who are directly or indirectly interested in the progress of ' our Colonial Empire , ' and the welfare of the deniZ 3 ns of those far distant and almott boundless regions .
' Emigration' is a leading subject In tta pages of this magazine , and numerous are the ' voice * * from Australia , the Cape of Good Hope , and other colonies , whose appeals to the distressed classes of this country to cross the water are eloquent enough in their way . Not approving of emigration—although we should be sorry t 9 stand in the way of any man bettering bis condition—we shall not occupy our space with any discussion of the several statements put forth in description and praise of the various ' happy rallies' to which the tax-ridden , suffering people of this country are invited to betake themeelves . Suffice it to say , that ranch valuable information tj persons intending to emigrate will be found in most number * of this magazxe .
Amongst the valuable statistical and historical papers , for which this magazine is celebrated , we notice in recent numbers ' Contributions to the Commercial Statistics of the Republics in South America * by Sir Robert H . Schomtrargk ; * A Review of the History , Government , Constitution , Fishery , and Agriculture ef Newfoundland , ' by the Hon . Patrick Morris ; 'Tne Mining Districts of tbe Great North American L \ kes ; ' ' Retrospect of the trade of Singapore—for 1816-7 . 'by K . C . Woods ; 'ThaPresent Condition of the Island of Barbados * , ' by E . Parker , Esq : The Progress of Australia ; ' * The City of
Toronto ; by W . ti . Edmundson ; Oar gommerciai Intercourse with Siam ; 'Hon * Kong and Its Chief Town , 'by Mr William Tarrant ; 'The Manufacture of Beet-root Sugar ia the German Custom House League ; ' ' On the Sickness and Mort jlity among the Emigrants to Canada in 1 S 47 ; ' ' The Trade aud Commerce of Cuba ; ' 'Oa the Revival of Cotton Cultivation in tbe West Indies , ' by W . Hamilton ; and ' Our Colonies and their Commerce . ' Under the head of * Progress of Discovery in Australia , ' there are interesting reports of the recent expeditions conducted by Dr Leichardt , Mr Barnett , and Mr
Kennedy . We nofc'ce in the number for April , a valuable paper by Captain Mnnro , on ' Antidotes to Snake Bites . ' The May number contains an important article on « The vast Advantages which Emland , m the first commercial and naval power in the world , would derive from a passsge westward into the Pacific' The interesting article on Hong Kong reveals a state of society in that island disgraceful to its British rulers . We extract the following account of
THE OPItSH TEinr . Licenses to sell opinm in Tictorla are now indiscrimi nately issued ia three different forms . 1 st . To Bell in qaanrities leu than a cheat ( which weighs about li cwt . ) ; for tbU 3 S 0 dollar * per annum is paid . Sad . T r Ucence to boil down and wfiae the opinrn prepar & tory to being used ; for which the charge i « 240 dollars per annuo * 31 , Far keeping an opium smoking divan ; and for this indulgence a Ucence is charged it ten dollars per month . To the reader of th'se remarks who may not know
what opium is like , and there are probably many in that State of ignorance , it may not ba amiss to explain , that as described in the dictionaries , it is ' a juice partly resinous , partly gummy , of a very bitter aad acrid taste , and of soporific ijaalitiee ; ' to which may be added that it is brought to China in large quantities from India and Turkey , where it eindesfrtm incisions made round the capiules of the poppy plant . At firet it flows in a white milky state , but a day ' e exposure to the sun hardens it into a dark brown mass ; there are various ways of packing and preserving the opiua thus obtained , some is made up into flit circular cakes about an inch thick , lisdws opium of wbteh not much is used la Southern
China , is sent here in this shape ; Patna and Benares opiuia . taking their names from the provinces of Bahar aai Benares , in which they are prepared , is made up in bails weighing about 3 | pounds , and covered with a hard artificial Ehel ! , made with a combination of the skins of tha poppy petal . Tfce latter description of opium is that chiefly traded in at Victoria , and vstiei in pries from ten dollars to fifteen end twenty dellars per ball , according * - the state of the market . The cultivation of opium in ladi & U a monopoly of the British East India Company , to whom the growers are obliged to tell it , and the net revenue thus d-rived amounts on tn average annual export of 25 , 000 chests to China alone , to about 2 | millions Of pounds sttrUcg . The effect oi iudulgtnes In opium smoking is to parch * S 9 brief dreams of bliss , and the pleasures oi Eijsiuni
Simmondss Colonial Magazine. Lon - Don :...
at the expense of every energy dignifying manhood the appetite for natural food becomes weakened , the powers of reason destroyed , and a continued internal gnawing brings the young debauchee to a premature grave . Grade opium is refined by scooping the balls , or breaking the cakes into large brass pans , covering It with about four times its weicht of filtered water , and when suSeien'ly soaked and dissolved , the liquor is strained oft and boiled over a brisk charcoal flea until evaporation reduces it so much , that when cosl It is of the consistency and colour of treacle ; the deposit left in the pans from the first soaking is then dried over a ^ low fire and carefolly kneaded with tho hands until it assumes a uniform thickness of s qaarter of an inch ; it is then taken out of the pan in a concave shape , placed in a sieve lined
with flannel , aud covered with hot water , which after filtering through , is boiled In a similar manner to the liquor first drained eff . On Patna opiure a loss of fourtiaths and on Malwa three-tenths is said to be sustained by the process thus described ; there are about twenty who have taken out the refining licence . Of the licensed opium smoking divans , there are at present ten , nearly all situated in the Chinese portion efthe town ; from tbe ' nconilderable amount of revenue derivable from this licence , the public establishment of these places is much tote regretted , as tsey afford a resort to thoss dregs of the Chinese papulation , Indian policemen , and followers of the native regiments , who before had bo such accommodation , and consequently less enjoyed the mes . ua of incitement to Indulgence . A visit of inspection to tte ? e
places affords subject for the most melancholy reflection . In a reclining position on boards placed on tressels iran ?« d a ound long disgustingly d rty rooms , may te seen at all hours of the day haggard beggas with putre . fjiag sores , wlwso miserable feelings of desperation and woa drive tbem here to obtain a partial alleviation by ' gteepinj their senses in forgelfulneiB . ' The stem of the pipe used for smoking opium is made of hard wood , end would he tak n for an English paper rnler , about eighteen InchesjleBgand an inch In diameter ; the earthenware bowl or bead screws on and on" at about three iacbes from the end . An assistant of the divan sitting in a corner of the room is c . nstantly engaged in scraping and cleaning these heads , nhich from the small size of t 6 hele through which the opium Is lalroleii ( about the size of a ? in '» head ) are apt to get clogged ; the qaantity of opium intended to be smoked at a time , varying from
twenty to 100 grains , is dipped carefully out of small gally-pots , laid on a leaf , end charged for at the rate of a dollar an ounce ; the opium Is used by dipping Into it the pointed end ef a f mall wire , wh ! ch is then applied to the Same of a lamp , in ignition it inflates Into bubble , and is then with a dexterity obtained only by constant practice , rolled on the pipe-head until it assumes tbe shape aad sii 3 of a fin ill orange pip , cut in half , and of the hardness of wax ; it is then placed over the orifice in the head of the pipe , like a small chimney , through which the flame of the lamp is drawn into the bowl , converting the opium in its passage into a fclue smeke , whith is inspired by long continuous whiffs , and without removal of tha pipe froa the mouth respited through the noitrils : two or three pipes may be taken by persons unaccustomed to the habit , withont leaving any other unpleasant feeling than s harshness in the throat .
We add from this article the following descrip tion of
CHIHIEX OATH TAKING . In the Chinese courts of law and [ jndgment where the character of the people is fully understood , bo oath whatever is administered to witnesses . In order , however , to meet the reqairements of English law an attempt has been made to introduce a species of Caineia oath in oar various courts . The first form practised here was the cutting off a live cock ' s or fowl ' s head ; a oansldtrable perquisite was afforded to the court-keepers by this vst ? m , who unscrupulously devoured the decapitatedbodles
A cheaper form of oaths coneistsin breaking a basin into pieces , intending thereby to symbolise how anxious ie the swearer , (?) that if he does not tell the truth , his body shall be as unceremoniously smashed into its original dust . To those wbo fancy tbat tbey possess no mora soul than a piece of potter ' s ware , this method of swearing is doubtless highly sensible and appropriate , and it was probably under tbe impression that the Chinese entertained such feelings , tbat the erudite Lord Brougham was induced to countenance this form ef oath , when made in the House of Lords at a recent
examination . The form of oath atpreient in use is considerably cheeper iu practice taau either of taa feregolng . Printed forms on sheen of yellow paper abcat eight inches by six inches are kept at hand by the interpreter . If the witness can write he fills in the blanks himself , or the interpreter will do it for him , to the tffect that *§ o and so' is now in court for ' such and such a purpose , ' that he will' speak the truth , the whole truth , and nothing but tha truth , ' withont fear or prevarication , bat instead of finishing by asking his God ( his Gods , or his ancestor " , ) to help him io his resolve a VAnglaise the form
finishes by simply stating , that tbe Divine heaven , ' or , as the Cainese understand it , ' Court of heaven , ' ' witnesses this atteitatioa , The paper when filled ia and resd over to the swearer Is then burnt by the flame of a lamp . The particular ' Gods many and L-rds many ' wVo constitute the said Court of heaven , it is presumed , vary in idea , aeesriing to the theocratic knowledge of the swearer , but as ie is a notorious fact that if after days of inceasan' worship , a God , or Idol , takes no ( fancied ) notice of his Rainess worshipp . r ' s applies tion , then , ths said idol , is remorselessly battered and burnt fans eerenonie . It but follows as a natural
sequence , that the supposed powers of each god being of a doubtful nature , the whole Court as a body , obtain in anticipation ooly a small degree of respect or fear , and whole reams of oath paptr may be burn * , without adding the slightest value to any evidence , Ia the number from which we have taken the above extracts there ia an interesting account of Kandy . the capital of Ceylon , including 5 description of the Dalada festival—the exhibition efthe tooth of Buddha ; another illustration of priestly knavery and popuhr ignorance . A carious practice is said to exist am * ngst the Kandians , which the writer in this magaiine calls ' poliandry '; in plain English half-adozen , husbands io one woman ! Q , aery : — I * the practice of cur K * ndian fellow subjects , altegether unknown in these Christian and highly civilised realms ? What are called husbands , it is true , are now allowed to the number of half-a dozen , but what ' s in a name ?
From an elaborate account ot ' A trip to the Crater of Kilauea , Sandwich Island * , ' we give the following extracts : —
THS CRATES OF KILATJEi . V 7 e do not bell-ve there is another sight like it . A deep , very deep pit , with walls perpendicular in most places , and a circumference whose txtent at first glance few can rightly estimate , lays before one , Hauua R » a to tbe right sweeps up from the plain 10 , 000 feet above the highest wall of Kilauea , with apparently so gentle a ris ? , that a carriage and four could drive In a few hours to its summit , Tet it is two days * bard travel over the wildest and roughest scenery to reach its top . Msuna K-a , with its snowy crown , rising still higher , appears in the north-west scarcely farther off . The atmosphere waa as clear as crystal . Distances on all sides were to the eye amazingly dimiaishei . This is one reason why Klines fails so much at first . Nature hereabouts has
dene all her work on a gigantic scale , A trial of distances on foot soon determines this fact , and respect and wonder at the scene aroportiosattly Increases . Se perfectly distinguishable are objects on the further bank , tbat the visitor is slow to beUave that the distance iu a straight line is more than three miles , and that nine miles will hardly give the circumference of the crater . The burning lake , which so distinctly shows its lurid waves in the south-west comer , ia two-and-a-half miles i ff . Whkes gives the best idea of the extent of this pit , when he says that the whole city of New York ceuld be pnt into it , and plenty of room be left . To this we might
add , tbat its tallest steeple would still ba some 400 to 600 feet Wow the summit of its banks . Its entire aspect is that of desolation made desolate . Canfined as tbe fire was when we arrived at tbe southern lake , nothing could exceed its gloomy appearance . The entire floor was one rough mass of black lava , varied in a few spot ! only by alight smoke and sulphuric discolonrings . The surrounding walls were of a greyish hue . Tbe stillness of desth lay over tbe whole . The lake was lazily swelling and heaving with liquified rock , occasionally tossing its fiery spray high enough into the air so as to justmake its action visible from where we were , though not a sound reached ns from it .
At the K . W . edge of the crater we found ourselves over the steepest bank , from which it seemed as if oae could jump directly down upon the black ledge . It looked terrificaUy perpendicaar and rcqaired nerve to stand near enough to measure the distance down with tbe eye . The height here ie C 30 feet . Tf itkes gives a good view of it in bis * Exploring Ezpedit ' oa . ' Tbe edge and sides are formed of masses of loosened basaltic recks , which lay tottering over the gulf below . Yet as much as they appeared to hang over the black ledge , not one of our party coald thiow a atone to light upon it . It would fall among the debris below , far from reaching the black ledge . Tbe walls of the crater are all of this rough bass ' . tic description , eesily loosened by earthquakesand sending avalanches thundering down bel » w .
, We continued our walk , and by dark found ourselves on the western bank . We had Btvi . i al steep hills to descend before we could reach the selected spot . The lake appeared £ 0 brilliant , that although it was new ground to all of the pirry . we determined to proceed . We had a young mocn to light us in part However , one of the gentlemen concludes te remain with the natives on the summit of the outer edge . The remainder of our party went on , la . his the ladies showed no little courage and hardihood . For if we lost our path we shoald be obliged to remain expose * te tbe keen mountain air nntii th * mornin g keeping warm as we bsst could , or we might tumble Into some one of the chasms about us . The
hills to descend were rough and steep enough to make ns , for the time being , wish ourselves goats . However , slow and sure , wo got down them , assisting the hdles from rock to reck , now and then taking a slide down soma smooth inclined plane , until we reached the level beieatb . Here we ran and jimped in the excitement of attaining the covered view . It burst upon us with beautiful effect , Tte night was dark enough to give it a BOfKned brilliancy that made it the more pleasing We ascended a slight rise , and there found oars-lves on the very fcrink ol tho western wall , Immsdiately epposits the lake . We sat down and revelled in the scene . I « was not gaudy , nor terrlBo , nor startling —4 twa » beautifal . The darkneis hid from ns every .
Simmondss Colonial Magazine. Lon - Don :...
Tilng but the lake , or perhaps its fires so blinded our eyes , that wa could see nothing else , for tbe effect was paiaful . The surface was lightly encrusted with a black coat , which the red lava almost instantly assumes on ex . pesuretotbealr . This coat was cut op into rivers , likes , canals , and streams of Kqr id lava , interspersed with jets and fountains , the whole In continued action . n ° * « ' Uke WBB m » ta s * and boiling - with the int « n . "" ° f itB ten . Crust after crust of the black lava . U 6 e huge masses ofioe , would be rent asaa . ler , lifted BP and disappear in the fiety cauldron beneath . Every mlnut . okangaj . io on . tllno . TheWa « e of the lake BHUMlng new forew and naw actionwore the
changa-, ablawpeot of tha kaleidoscope . A low , deep , hissing sound , as ofab : i ; ia dense fluid , fell upon our eas , the wmd , which blew it fro o ^^ oniHy luiwd-Word * cannot do justice to the unique beauty of *• spectacle . Oar party were by turns silenced by th » ir deep admiration , or lond in their acelamations of ielight , MlUng each Other ' s alUntloa to some now action , which would ba over almost as 60 o » as it could b * noticed , so rapid were the change * . There was nothing very violent . The flow oi the lava was unifoim , the most powerful heaving being on the north edge ot the lake , where the movetaeat wes lik « that of a whirlpool .
From an article in the Julv number recommending emigration to Van Diem » n ' " Land , we give the following notioe of the
TBE KaHGMtOO . The kangaroo is the characteristic animal of the Australian Calonies , an * although ranked aming the nnmber of quadrupeds , might be quite as properly described as a biped , its fore feet and legs possessing more of the properties of hands and arms , and being nevsr used in the process of walking or raunUjr , except when tbe animal is feeding . There are three kinds — the wallahea , er small kangaroo ; a larger size , called brush kangaroo ; and a still larger size called the boomer , or forester , tome of which last are six * r seven feet in
height ; they are not so swift as the smaller size , and seldom rnn when closely punned by dogs , but place their baoki against a tree , and using thtir tails , as a support , offvr formiaable resistance with their hind legs , with which they sometimes strike tha dogs , and rip them open ; or , ia the absence of trees , they will run to a water-bole , as the lakes are there called , wada up to thsir middle , and then seize the heads of the dogs as tbey approach , and thrust them under the water until tbty art drowned , Tbeir tails are of immense strength and thickness , ani are often four or five feet in length , and as much as 20 I " , s in weight .
The females are famished with a pouch , in which tbey carry their youug before them , and when overtaken by dogs or other animals , they seem tn be aware that they are the object i f the chase , and so in order to facilitate their escape , throw their young frou the poech ; the little animals immediately crawl to tbe nearest busb , and there hide themselves so completely , tbat it is impossible to find tbem without a dog , The motaer , if the escapes fremhtr enemies , always returns to repossess herself of her offspring . Upon the fehole , the kangaroo Is a very sagacious animal , and wben tame becomes much attached to those who take notice of it ; it will follow them , sit in tbeir laps , and answer to its name like a child . Their skins are tanned for leather , and are used with the hair on for making rags , which those who travel in the bosh use for abed .
The number for the present month contains in addition to several articles already named two paper * from—we presume—the pen of the editor , on subjects whioh at present command considerable public attention : — ' Colonisation' and * Vancouver ' s Island . ' In the first of these articles the writer , while vindicating Protectionist principles , mercilessly castigates the members of tfee landocracy for their heartless neg ' ect of the true iutereata of the communitV i and their ' unfeeling and besotted apathylto thejsufferings of the great . body of the people . Although we cannot accept the remedy suggested by the editor of the Colonial MAGiziNB as the ' one thing needful , ' we must express our approbation of his powerful exposition of the frightful evils at present abounding'During the last ten years parochial relief in England and Wales has cost £ 66 . 000 , 000 . This turn , which if applied a-right , would have extirpated
pauperism , has simply maintained it . A system of' Coloni § ation' in North America is recommended , where , in the British possessions only , and exclusive of Newf oundland and the territories beyond tbe great lakes , there are 88 , 908 , 623 acres of virgin soil , at a distance only of ten days' Bail from this country . In those lands the editor of this magaz ' . ne , would rear a Western Great Britain , and he appeals to the landed aristocrats to put themselves at the head of a popular movement for that purpose . If Mr Simmonds will propose a scheme for the transportation of the landocracy and other useless classes to North America , or any other part of the world , ] he shall have our support ; but we object to any scheme which would leave the plunderers of industry in this country in quiet possession of their usurped wealth and power , and commit the masses to all the hardships of creating a new country in the savage wilds of America ,
Wilh the sentiments of the writer of the article on 'Vancouver ' * Island , ' we can fully concur . This island contains vast natural resources , including an excellent climate , abundance of coal and some of the finest natural harbours in the world . Taking into account the almost certain greatness of which the seas and shores of the Pacific Ocean will be the theatre at no very distant time , Vancouver ' s Island is a station of unspeakable importance . Well , this important British possession is to bejobbed away to that gang of arch-monopolisers the Hudson Bay Company , for them to rule , rob , or ruin , just as they please ; at least such appear to be the intentions of
the incompetent or jobbing gentry at the head of tbe Colonial department . This well-timed and powerful protest against the folly or knavery to which Earl Grey appears to have lent his sanction will , we hope , be effective in preventing the realisation of this disgraceful attempt to add to the plunder already possessed by the ever-gorged Hudson's Bay monopolists . Notwithstanding onr disagreement with the editor upon many points of importance , we feel bound to express our deep sense of the general merits of the Colonial Magazine , and our earnest wishes for its contiuued popularity and increased circulation .
* Golltau—A Name Of Miusias. ¦ F Xial—Of...
* GoLLtau—a name of MiUsias . ¦ f Xial—of the Nine Hostages , the heroic monarch o ' Ireland , fa the foarta century—and ancestor of the 0 * !« = ill family . % Co * €£ ad Catba—Con of the Hundred fights , Hcaarch of ihe Itliud in the second century althoagh the cgafcr of a hundred battles , he was not tbe victtr of a hundred field *—hi * valerous rival Owen , King ol Hansttr , compelled him to a division of the kingdom . $ BaiBoKfi The htreiliar / judges of the Irish Bepta . jj Inniifaii The Island of Destiny , ens of the names ff Ireiaad .
.Emigrant S Guide To New South Wales Pro...
. Emigrant s Guide to New South Wales Proper , Australia Felix and South Australia- By D . J . Byrne . London : E . Wilson , 11 , Royal Exchange . Regarding all books advocating emigration with suspicion , we took up this little book in no mood to give it our good wsrd , but a glance through its contents has satisfied us that the author is honest and well informed on tbe subject he treats of . We do not advise any man to leave his sative land , but if persons will do so , and have any idea of selecting either of the above-named colonies , then we wonld recommend them to obtain this little book , which contains information of great value to all persons about to emigrate .
I nuke some writers on emigratioB , who would fain make the Eiglish public believe that labour ; to any extent can find profitable employment in the Australian colonies , the author of this work in speaking oi mechanics and tradesmen , says , ' Even in those occupations most required , tho demand for labour of a skilful description is not extensive , and a laree arrival of such , would not enly have the effect of reducing the wages of those employed , but would , in all probability , leave many withont engagements . At various periods since the foundation of the Australian colonies , there has been such an influx of mechanical labour , so totally disproportioned to the demand , that , after many hardships , numerous mechanics were compelled to throw aside , at least for a
time , tbeir trades , and adopt pastoral or agricultural pursuits ; and it would be well , in case of emergency , if erery emigrant was resolred and prepared to do the came , for in new lands all must adapt themselves , to circumstances . The Australian colonies are completely flooded with clerks , men of education without means , and professional persons ; fer those classes , therefore , they present no inducement , except that which consists in the cheapness of all tbe necessaries of life . The parties really required in these celonies , and who would be sure of success , are mere labourers and shepherds , farmers with small
means , and persons possessed of sufficient capital to becOTae sheep and oattle proprietors of extent . ' This work contains fall information as to the cost of passage , or the means of obtaining a free passage ; the actual necessaries for the _ voyage ; the rules to ba observed at sea ; the rations « fcs ., on board the emignnt chip ; the course that should be uursued by the emigrant , according to his circumstance ? , on arrival in the colony ; the various advantages of each colony , its history , natural productions , climate , prices of food , rate of wages , & o „ !& 3 . But again we warn our readers to be cautioua Mow tbey commit themselves to a step which they may afterwards repent of .
The Republican. August. London: J. Watso...
The Republican . August . London : J . Watson , 3 , Queen ' s-head-passage , Paternoster-row . This number of the Republican contains wellwritten articles on . 'Taxation , '' Monarchy , ' and 'Representation , ' and a spirited castigation of that precious humbug Serjeant Talfourd , frem whioh we give the following extracts : — 8 EBJBA . NI TALFOUBD Is ba'f a liberal , because he is afraid to be a whole one . Ho is stricken dumb by power . He cannot combat on the side of tho numerically weakest . He Is a craven « ouI—a man who dares notfollow oat his own principles , For what purpose did ho go into Parliament ? Let us
look to the rtports of his last el xtion is 1817 . There it is written , that Serjeant Talfourd told the delighted and trustful folks of Reading that he watt determined to sit for tbat boroagh la Parliament or not sit at all ; tbat he was the son of a Beading tradesman , and be waa prond to be a senator , because every little schoolboy might see to what a height it was possible for an Englishman to attain . This is all very well ; but it does not appear tint the liberal serjeant , son of a Beading tradesman , told the people of Beading what it was necessary tho little school boys should do to become members of Parliament , He does not tell them that , under the present system , let a little school boy hackle and stoop , and
The Republican. August. London: J. Watso...
ftcoommodato bis coavictiona to the expediencies of party , ever so much , that the chances are two million to one that he will not obtain the honour . Srjeant Talf > urd prefers kteplng it unique—only accessible to tho Talf ; urd g . cus . If . .. i 9 the son of a R -ading tradesman , and yec he considers the House of Commons and Us aristocratic msjori'y as a perfect institution . He is tbe flOn Of a Reading tradesman , and yet he prefers and helps to sustain the government of a fen great families , to the exclusion of iho government of the people . He wishes to set a high example to the sons of Rsadlng tradesmen and little Reading ; school boys , and yet when he speaks in tho Honso of Commons , it is to demonstrate tho perfeotness of things as thoy are , to proclaim the al . surdity of supposing that the diffusion of knowledge and education can fit the mass for the Suffrage , to protest againBt allowing a man ' steeped in poverty to tha lips ' to vote , to assert that properly alono is entitled to power , and to wind up by a general declamation against democracy .
The son of the Rjadiog tradesman has forgottca bis order . He is a traitor to thtm . Doubtless , it is to Inculcate this that he seta himself np beforo the sons cf Reading tradesmen as a model liberal and reformer , The good folks of Riding are very trustful . I » is a habit of the poor to be grateful for email mercies , to trust a man with a glib tongue and a good coat , and the learned . erjeaut has no desire to put an end to a state of ttiioge which would clenr thtir vision with reject to himself . * What a mass of delusions go to make up this man ! and he exalts
yet himself as a reformer , a staunch re . former , one who camo out ' thirty years ago , ' to de . nounco the murderers of Petcrloo . He has lost the principle which ihen carried him into the Town Hall of Reading ; he has iQat tho piucfe , tho dating . Tor , laat year , when requested to becomo a candidate for the representation of a certain town , noted for the manufacture of'black gowns andredcoats . 'ho refused , oa tbe gronnd that he would not Uhe to oppose the clerical authorities . Poor patriot ! Hia son waa at a certain seminary , and the father feared to damage tbe futura prospects of tho son .
The Truth Teller. No. 2. Stalybridge: B....
The Truth Teller . No . 2 . Stalybridge : B . S . Treanor , Melbourne-street . Contains several excellent Chartist articles , too lengthy for extract .
Arrest Of Mr Gammage.—Another Deed Of Vi...
Arrest of Mr Gammage . —Another deed of violence , against the boasted privileges of Englishmen , was perpetrated by the great unpaid of Towcester . On Thursday week , Mr Gammage delivered a lecture in the garden of an inhabitant of Towcester ; after speaking for about an hour and a half , the inspector of police came forward and inquired whether he still intended to prosecute hia speech further , Mr Gammage replied iu the affirmative , and the man of office retired to take counsel with hia auperiora ; ultimately , he returned , seized the speaker , and conveyed him to tbe leck-up . On Friday , Mr Gammage made hia appearance he F ore the big Wigs of Towcester , among whom was Lord Southampton , and underwent
a sort of examination . The principal charge , as stated by a policeman who was taking notes of the meeting , waa * Calling her most Gracious Majesty a pauper , and her ministers a neat parcel of rogues . ' This charge was bo serious that the mighty minds ef the Towcester bench knew not how to deal with it , and in consequence the prisoner was remanded till the following day , to await the result of Lord Southampton ' s visit . to London , His lordship ( having it ia presumed had an interview with the Home Secretary ) returned on Saturday noon , and on the re-appearance of the prisoner , condescended to accept bail for his forthcoming next March at the Northampton assizes , himself in 450 , and one surety in a like amount .
The Reform League . — At a public meeting of the National Reform League on Monday evening , at the Portland Rooms , Sir Benjamin Hall met with rather a rough reception by hia constituents , being frequently interrupted in his speech with cries of ' the Gauging Bill , '—where were you on the night of the division on the Ballot ? and how are the grouse ? together with derisive laugbUr , hieaes , and groans . Lord D . Stuart was well received , after which a general call waa made for Mr S . Kydd , who was discovered in the meeting . Mr Kydd delivered au eloquent speech , which was rapturously applauded . Resolutions in accordance with the principles of the League were adopted , and the meeting separated .
The Victims . —Chartbrville . — The inhabitants of this thriving colony have resolved to set apart a portion of their crops for the support of the wives and families of the victims !; and tho Chartists and Land members resident in Oxford have decided on providing a market for any efthe produce of tho calony . We understand that Mr Kydd will shortly lecture in this distiict . A Cautious Manager . —On the closing night of the Lyceum Theatre , Mr Charles Mt fhewa , tho lessee , spoke the following passage , in the course of his farewell address : — ' If you ask mo exactly what I came here to say , I may safely say I can't say . It is quite useless for me to eay what I have done , for you know it—and it is impossible for me to say what we are going to do , for J don ' t . Ia short , being rs . yself before tbe curtain , how can I communicate to you what is going on behind it ? These are no times for open and advised speaking . '
_ TBE _ ITALIAN AND THE GERMAN . The Italian is reckless , clamorous , and cruel ; the German cautious , ailent , and humane : he seldom strikes his horses , and certainly there is a good deal of the German in the horse , ana of tbe horse in the German . The German eats brown bread , so does the horse ; the German drinks beer , eo does the horse ; nay , I have seen the phlegmatic vetturino take from his pocket lumps of sugar and give them to his fat , contented , docile animals i tbe chief difference between the German and his horse , being that the horse does not smoke , while the German
does , I believe , even in his sleep . The Italian dashes down the hill without appearing to care for tbe fate of hia borsea or himself . The German , when he arrives at such an elevation as Westminster Bridge , cautiously pulls up , fixes his drag , and slowly creeps to the bottom , in safety certainly ; and he repeats this operation with amusing perseverance at every hillock on the road . To remonstrate with him would be mere waste of breath . When a hot-tempered man requires to be tiught patience and forbearance let him travel five days with a German vetturino . who will conduct him prudently and safely thirty mil es a day during that happy period .
Atrocious Conduct op an Enginb-Dbiver on the East Lancashire Railway . —On Friday week a shocking occurrence took place on the East Lancashire Railway works , at Tunnel End , near Burnley . Itappeawthat tha driver and stoker of the Mtdusa locomotive were taking some liquor at a neighbouring beer-shop , and had left the engine in charge of the cleaner , whose name is John Rhodes . When he was about to take tbe fire out of the grate some persona iu authority came d ^ n to the engine , and , wishing to go to the' tip end' at Rose Grove , were taken thither by Rhodes . Shortly after Rhodes had left , tbe driver , named Sam Whittle , came down to the works , and finding the engine gone without him , he was very much vexed , and determined to place
some obstacles on the rails to obstruct the engine on its return . He accordingly got three ' tail-boards' be longing to the dirt waggons , and placed tbem across the rails , and fastened them by driving iron picks behind the beards into tbe sleepers . lie then got four iron furnace bars and placedjthem across the rails ; and afterwards more picks , to tho number of eight , were struck into the sleepers , with the shafts upwards ! By this time the engine was returning ; and the cleaner , Rhodes , was seated in front of the coal box , the Rev . T . G . James , his brother , Mr James , of Liverpool , Mr Donaldson , the engineer of the line , and another gentleman being in the truck ef the engine . Some personshaviagnotioedtheobjtruolions , made a signal for Rhodes to shut off the steam and apply the brake ; but before he could do so
the engine came m contact with tbe ' tail-boards ' and Rhodes was thrown off upon the line , The engine , too , was first thrown off the rail , but by some providential means , after having run a considerable distance , again came upon them . All the gentlemen in the truck fortunately retained tbeir hold and escaped unhurt ; but Rhodes was 'doubled up' by the engine , and , on being examined , was found to have his right arm almost taken cff and bath thighs broken . Mr George Smirthwaite , surgeon , of Burnley , was immediately sent for , and amputated the arm above the elbow , The fractured thighs were also reduced , and there are hopes that he may eventually recover . Whittle was immediately taken into custod y , and , after a hearing before tha magistrates on Saturday , wasoommitted for trial . Blackburn Standard .
ALLKQBD Murdbr op ah Englishman bt Six Irish Labourers . — St Albans , Saturday . — Great excitement prevails througheut the whole of this district at the present time , which has been occasioned by the following eavage outrage , which has ended in the death of an unoffending indnidual . From the evidence which has already been taken by the coroner , it appears that a few nights aince , a party of English and Irish labourers were drinking in frontof the bar of the Plough public-house . Whilst so doing , a man named Field , who was in the homo , attempted to pass through tho passage , but was unable to do so . He then made use of some insulting language towards the Irishmen , and having accused them of stoppins up the passage , left the house .
About ten minutes afterwards the Irish went into one of the rooms ofthopublio-hoaae , gave a wild scream , and teok up the tongs , shovel , and poker , with which they pitched into the English labourers , knockaig down every man who came near them . The deceased , a quiet , inoffensive man , named Edward Swine , who was sitting over his meg of beer , was struck ovei the head with tbe tones until the bead gushed forth ; his teeth were knocked out , his eyes were blackened , and his face fearfully disfigured . His son was also dreadfull y maltreated . The Irishmen , on finding that they had become cacquerors , started off . The deceased was removed to bis home , wheve he expired . The inquiry was adjourned to Wednesday . The deceased was forty-five yeaw of age , and has left seven children to mourn his loss .
T M^Pas^Us Liverpool -Committal Of Cuddy...
T m ^ PAS ^ US LIVERPOOL -COMMITTAL OF CUDDY FOR TRIAL . t \ : ^ A A L J T esdfly - ^ I da y the prisoners , John Cuddy aad James O'Brien , who have been in custody for the last few days on a charge of supplying arms to the Irish rebels , and being in other re . spects mixed up with the physical force Repealers , were again plaeed before Mr Rushton and the sitting magistrates , when the evidence which had been taken down against them was read over to the prisoners . The depositions consisted of the evidence of from twenty to thirty witnesses . It wai of a most voluminous character , and occupied considerable time in the reading . The evidence went to prove in a variety of waysthe connexion of Cuddy with
, the Irish clubs and tbo leaders of the rebel party . It exposed an organised system of correspondence between the Confederate Clubs in Dublin , and those in Liverpoil , connecting the prisoner and tha notorious Dr Reynolds ( for whom Cuddy had sold the pikes ) with tbem in their several movements . The fact of Cuddy being discovered with a bag full of pike ? , was followed up by evidence proving him to have regularly attended the Confederate and club meetings in this town , and tho public meetings genera'ly where Dr Reynolds was in the habit of speaking sedition . Other evidc-nce of a corroborative nature was added , which represented tbe accused to be p-omincntly mixed up in the entire proceedings conn cted with tho intended outbreak .
The evidence having been read over , the prisoner , who was represented by Mr Yates , solicit' r of this town , was asked what ho had to say why he should not be committed for trial ? when , by the advice of his solicitor , he declined to say anything . Mr Rushton , the magistrate , then told him tbat it became his duty to commit him to take his trial at the Assims , for a treasonable conspiracy in suprly * ing arms to her Majesty ' s subjeets in Ireland . The prisoner was then removed in charge of the police , and the several witnesses bound over to prosecute . Tho prisoner O'Brien was remanded until Saturday next .
The Assizea commence to-morrow , and the trial , whioh , il is expected , will divulge come of the principal designs of the rebch on this side of the Channel , ia looked forward to with much intereat .
A Priest, In A Rich Abbey In Florence, N...
A priest , in a rich abbey in Florence , named Gruidnoli , being a fisherman ' s son , caused a net to be spread every day on the table of his apartment , to put him , as he eaid , in mind of his orig in . Th c abbott dying , this dissembled humility pi ocured him to be chosen his successor , and the net was used no more . 'Where's the net !' said a friend to him the day afterwards , on entering his apartment , 'There is no further occasion for the net , ' said Gruidnoli , ' when the fish is caught . ' 4 How is your wife to day ? ' said a friend to a French gentleman . — Oh 1 moche de sem , ' said he ; ' she is no better , and I am' fraid ver' little waas . If she is gon to die , I wish she would do it soon ; 1 feel so unhapie—my mind is so moche unset-tel . Yen she die , 1 shall not be moche dissatisfied !
Death of Captain Marry at , C . B ., & c . —The service and the public will learn with regret the death of Captain Frederick Marryat , C . B . ( 1825 ) , which took place at his seat , Langhara , county of Norfolk , on Wednesday , the 9 th instant , after a lingering illness . The gallant officer had never recovered himself since the shock his feelings sustain , ed by the melancholy death of his eldest son , a brave and noble-minded young officer , second lieutenant of the Avenger steam frigate , amongst whose engulfed victims be was one of the first . Captain Marryat , by his graphic writings upon naval subjects , effected many invaluable remedies of old abuses , and introduced a better feeling and code of treatment
both for men and officers than would in all probability have resulted from the most formal and deferential application in the usual way . Captain Marryat was the second son of the late Joseph Marryat , Esq ., M- P ., of Wimbledon-house , Surrey , and married Catharine , only daughter of the late Sir Stephen Shairp , Bart ., by whom he leaves a numeious issue ; he was born on the 10 th of July , 1792 , and entered the navy as midshipman of the Imperieuse , 38-gun frigate , Captain Lord Cochrane , on the 23 d of September , 1806 , in the boats of which ship the' Younger Son' assisted , at the capture of several merchant vessels , and on the 6 th of July , 1807 , at the demolition of Fort Requeue , in the entrance of the basin of Accassan . He served
in the at ' . ack on the French fleet in Aix Roads , and in the Walcheren expedition , 1809 . Promoted to the rank of lieutenant on the 26 th of December , 1812 , and went to the West Indies in the Espiegle in January following . In January , 1814 , he was appointed to the Newcastle , 50 gun frigate , Capt . Lord George Stuart , and in her barge cut out four vessels from Boston Bay , with the loss of eleven of her crew killed and wounded . He was promoted to the rank of commander on the 13 th of June , 1815 . In 1818 he received the warmest thanks of the
Royal Humane Society for the gallant and repeated exertions ( most of which were successful ) he made to save tbe lives of his fellow-creatures , by jumping overboard , and otherwise perilling his own life to do so . In June , 1820 , he commanded the Beaver sloop at St Helena , and exchanged from her into the Rosario , 10-gun brig , in which vessel he brought home duplicate despatches of Bonaparte ' s death . Subsequently he was employed in tha Coast Guard service . In 1823 he was appointed to the Lame , 18-gun corvette , and proceeded to the East Indies , where , until 1825 , in the Burmese war , he was very actively employed as senior officer of the naval forces
in which command he eminentl y distinguished himself . In April , 1825 , he was promoted ( a death vacancy having occurred ) , and given the captaincy of the Tees , 26-gun frigate , on her passage home , where he paid her off . He was nominated a Companion of the Bath in 1825 , since which time he had been unemployed afloat . The captain ' s pension of £ 150 per annum for good and meritorious services was conferred upon him on the 17 th of December last , by the "Earl of Auckland , to whom tbe boon now again reverts . Captain Marryat was the inventor ol the code of signals which are now in use in the British merchant service as well as in the
navies of foreign states . For it he bas twice received the thanks of the Shipowners' Society ; and the late King of the French , in whose naval and mercantile marine it is adopted , conferred on hiro the order of' officer of the Legion of Honour . '
Attempted Suicide prom London-Bridge . — On Thursday week a female , named Mary Chambers , aged 32 years , attempted self-destruction by leaping from the parapet of London-bridge . Shortly after two o ' clock a man who was passing over the bridge suddenly raised an alarm , in consequence of having seen a female jump into the river . Two policemen who were on duty hastened to the spot , and they saw the woman struggling in the water near the stone-work of the bridge . The officers immediately ran down the steps on the Surrey shore , and having procured a boat rowed to her aid , and after a most desperate struggle they succeeded in dragging her into the boat , and sheJsvas conveyed to St Thomas ' s Hospital . I Murder . —The neighbourhood of Grays , Essex , was thrown into a state ot excitement on the
morning of luesday the 8 th inst ., by the report of a murder of the moat awful character having b een perpetrated at an early hour of that morning in the adjoining parish of West Thurrock , on the banks of the Thames . The report proved but too well founded . The name of tbe murderer appears to be Sarah Grout , the wife of James Grout , labourer , living near the Fox and Goose public-house , at West Thurrock . It may be fairly assumed that the wretched woman was at the time of the commission of the act in an unsound state of mind ; among other proofs of which it may be mentioned that she has within tbe last fortnight attempted suicide , and was only prevented from carrying out her purpose by
the rope breaking which she had attached to tackle in the back kitchen for the purpose of hanging herself * . Notwithstanding this and other proofs of insanity , the unfortunate woman was allowed to be at large . On ' Tuesday morning her husband went to his work , leaving his wife at home with three children , viz ., John , aged six years ; Mary Anne , four years ; James , two years . At 20 minutes past 8 o clock the elder boy , John , ran into the Fox and Goose public-house exclaiming that his mother had j murdered his brother and sister . The landlord , ! John Moss , ran into the cottage , and on entering
ihe bedroom upstairs , found the woman with a bill in her hand covered with blood , standing at the foot of the bed , and the bodies of the two children i in a dreadfully mangled state , one on tbe bed , the other on the floor . The head of the little girl was j nearly severed from the body . On Moss entering , she said , ' I have done it myself , I have nobody to blame but myself . ' The wretched woman was immediately given into custody , and taken to Grays for examination before the Revs William Palin and H . Selby Hele , county magistrates , by whom she was remanded until Thursday morning at 11 o ' clock . She stated to the constable that she had intended
? o murder the elder boy also , had he not escaped from her , and then to have destroyed herself . She appears to be about 40 years old , and has a ghastly expression of countenance .
#Fitt£ Anfc Jmufes.
# fitt £ anfc jmufes .
Right 6f Propebty In Wind. "" Water Mill...
RIGHT 6 F propebty in wind . "" Water mills were at eno time , particularly on the continent , included among the regalia or rights ef the crowa ; and on the introduction of windrailla this assumed right was extended over afr as well aa water . A whimsical instance of the attempted exercise of this privilege is on record . It seems that the Augustine monks , belonging to the moua'itery at Weindsheira , in the province of Overyssel , were desirous of erecting a windmill in the neighbourhood , but . tho lord of the soil opposed tbsir project , sn the extraordinary assumption that the wind in that die . tnctbelonged to him . Upon this the monk ? applied to tho Bishop of Utrecht , who decided , in a towering passion , that no one had power over the wind in hia diocese but himself . And thereupon he immediately granted letters patent to the goad monks . fTha nghtot property in land is no better founded than the right ol property in wind . ]
knowledge . Knowledge spreads abroad ; and it is as i ^ possible for man to dam it up , a 9 for the fool to sto 3 the mnuoe by falling the narrew channel at its source with hia great boots-crying oat the while , 'How tae people will wonder when the Danube doea not come !'
RBV 3 LITTI 3 N . Revolution is the only remedv mankind have against oppression . While this n ^ : remains in force , not written indeed in the preamdUa of acta of Parliament , but engraved in a natLn'a history , a country may call itself free .
POETS . BT JAMES OaiOOa OBAKT , Poets are a joyous race 1 O ' tr tho laughing earth thej « o , Shedding charms o'er many a piace Nature nevi . r ( avour'd so , Still to each rllvincat epot ! Je 3 by some auspicious star , Scstt ? ring flowers where flowers are not Making lovslltr these that are . Poets aro a mournful race ! OVr the weary earth they go , Barkvning many a suauy place Nature never darken'd so ; Still to tach sepulchral spot Cih'd by spectral lipa afar , Fancying tombs where tombs ore not , Making gloomier those which are . Poets are a gifted race !
If their gifts aright they know ; Fallen splendour , perlsh'd grace , Their enchantments can r < new : They have power o ' er day and night ; Tjlrs with all its joye and cares—Earth with all its bloom and blight—Tears and transport—all are theirs Poats aro a wayward race ! Liveliest still wben least alone , They can find in every pUco Juys and aorrowa of their own : Grieved or glad by fitful starts , ' Pangs they feel that no ooe ebarcB , And a joy can fill their hearts Thateanfillno hearts but theirs , Poet ; aro a mighty race ! They can reach to times unborn ; They can brand tho vile and baas
With undying bate and scorn ; They can ward detraction's blow ; Tney oblivion ' s tide can stem ; And tho good and brave must owe Immortality to them ! Curious .- Since 1789 , all the revolutions in Franco have taken place under Popea of the name of Pius . Louis XVI . was dethroned under Pius VI . ; the Directory was overturned by Pius VI . ; Napoleon fell under Piw VII . ; Charles X under Pins VIII . ; and Louis Philippe under Pins IX .
THE JUSTICE ASKOTED . A poor fellow being summoned by a Justice of the Peace , a celebrated auctioneer , and refusing to show the pompeua magi & lv & te due respect , by styling him ' Tour worship , ' was committed . When released , he appeared at every sale where his punisher presided , and bid ' threepence , your Worship . '" sixpence , your Worship !' and soon , till the laugh and coafueion became so irresistible , tbat the worthy auctioneer boaght the man ' s absence for tho eura of ten guineas . A Cni /) NIAL PATRIARCH . Died at Wexford , Canada West , Mr Daniel Aiken , aged 120 years . He had , during his life , contracted seven marriages and had 570 arandchildren and great grandchildren—370 boys and 200 -iris !
woHitJ IN THE C ^ BSTIAIj EMFI 5 E . Woiitta is in a more degraded uo & Uion in C una than In any other part of the globo , and htr humiliation is rendered more conspieuouj by the extent te which civi . lisatien and education havo been can-led In the empire . In no rank is she regarded as the companion of man , but U treated solely as the slave of his caprice and puseions . Evea amongst the females of ihs highest raaks , few arc found who can read or write ; their education ia confined to the an of embroidery , pisying on a horrid three-stringed guitar , and sloginf ; but : ha oblkalion of obedience to man ia early inculcated , and tbe greiter portion of their time is spent in omokiug and plsying at cards , The women of the poorer classes hRTo no edu . cation , and can ba considered but little better taan . boastB of hard n . A man of that rank will walk deliberately by his wiie ' a side , while she totters under a huavy load , and frequently she may be rcjb yoked to plough , while her husband guides it ! Ihoao of the
lower classes wbo aro good looking , according to Chi . neao Ideas of beauty are purchased by the rich at twelve or fourteen years , for concubines , and aro then instructed according to their master ' s ideas . The Chinese cannot at all comprehend the European mode of treating ladies with respect and deference , and being naturally superstitious , attribute to devilish arts , practised by tha fair sex , the just appreciation wo entertain of thoir valae ; in short , they consider European ladles havo an influence somewhat similar to that ascribed to an evil eye by Italian superstition . Cninoae domeatlcs have a very great objection to reside in a European family ever which a lady presides ; and an old tradition coincides with their superstition about our females— ' That China should never be conquered until a woman reigned in the far- West . ' Some say that this prophecy waa never heard of until they wera cocquered by the army of Queen Vic . toria , Be this as it may , they all contend that It is to be found injoaiO of ^ ejr oldest wc rks .
Many traQ itj . lonB are extant in China relative to women ; and amongst other legends , the horrible practice of deforming tbe fea ^ e foot is tbue said to have commenced . . . . i jhe wife of ono of their ancient emperors was fonnd by her lord and master near the apartment of one of tha great officers of the conrt , who had the reputation of beiog very handsome . Receiving from the emperor a torrent of abuse for her misconduct , she pUaded , j her defence , tbat It was noi her fault , but that of Tier feet , which were eo very large , tbey took her to the epot sorely against her will , The emperor im « mediately ordered the forepart of her feet to be amputated . ' Such is the origin of tho crippled foot , which
from this time became the faihlon . This horrid and barbarous taste Is most unaccountable in a nation where the uadlstorted natural foot of woman is the very model of beauty tho high instep is equal to the Andalusian , and the arch of the sole rivals that of tho Arab ; the ancle , which in the distorted foot becomes revoltingly thick , is symmetry Itself . Such a foot , of courao , can only be seen among the lower classes . The wholo female character seems to be completely changed by the barbarous practice In question ; for the countenance ef a Chint ^ e beauty la always void of animation , and eomewbat expressive of the sufferlBg which her ligatured feet may produce , while tbe countenances of uncrippled females are full of vivacity ,
NEAPOLITAN WESTMINSTER HAH , The courts are situate in what resembles an ancient castle , with lofty stairs and spacious halls ; when fairly Inside tho long pufello hall , the din , dust , end heat were such that I coald scarce recover my composure ; a crowd of suitors and advocates and people were squeejing up and down , and fighting their way I knew net where . The advocates were continually exchanging bits of paper like notices ; my friend mentioned that many of those slips contained proposals for settlements of disputes , as It was desirable to keep as many causes out of the tribunals as possible . Elevated above tha crowd sat a number of clerks In boxes , who plied their pens busily ; tha professional men constantly thrust papers before theso ecribea to o 'py . Having fought our way down
this long crowded hall , we tamed into another off which tho courts brenohed . Tbo tribunal not sitting at the moment , the court was closed , and we stood in the hall near a shut window . I asked my friend what aversion they had to fresh air ! he replied , the judges never opened a window , and that often tbo beat was intolerable . However , he kindly admitted the wboksome air on this occasion . I sjon perceived the man next me had chains on his legs ; he was a prisoner awaiting ou » - oldo to be tried , a handsome , dark . eyed , young , diasipated Neapolitan , —several rings decorated his fingers . — his friends , including two qvmli & nable . looklng women , were about him , and tbere was much mirth amongst the party , and the guards who lounged about joined in the merriment cordially . Tbe court doors were now thrown open , and all rushed in . Four judges were seated on tbebenoh . The prisoner described , with three others , stood in tbe corner , and the preheating- official advocate
sat at tbe end of tho circular bunch before the jud ges ; I was Introduced to this gentleman , and accommodated with a seat bosido him . The prisoners had been condemned already , and were now tried a second tlms far tha crime of stabbing committed In prison . The charge was read , the crown prosecator occasionally inviting tho attention of the Court to particular passages In the pro" 088 . Tho chief judge then interrogated the prisoners ) n every reply given , tho advocate near me remarked , That is a lie . ' I Inquired what was the use of ques . ; ioning prisons ; a in this manner , when It w « evident hey would , in self-defence , speak faltely . He replied , lUtBtloning was not generally resorted te , but fer such a irime aa this committed in prison , interrogation was lermltted . The manner of the prisoners was flippant nd Insolent—that of ths speaking judge , loquacious nd undigniflad . He told the priseaers frequently be ; new they were teJliog lies , and they In turn railed at ¦• iudar *
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Citation
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Northern Star (1837-1852), Aug. 19, 1848, page 3, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse.ac.uk/periodicals/ns/issues/ns2_19081848/page/3/
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