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4 THE NORTHERN STAft; February 20, - fa,...
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Ou the 1st of March will he Published No. 3, (price (3d.! of
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THE O'CONNORVILLE PLATE.
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Once more, and for the last time, we hav...
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COMPLETE REGISTRATION OF THE LAND COMPAN...
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OBSERVE. All correspondence, reports* of...
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IHE NORTHERN STAR SATOKDA.Y, FEBRUARY 20, 1847.
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THE "NORTHERN STAR" IN ADVANCE OF THE PR...
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TIIE RATE-PAYING GLAUSES. In the great M...
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THE LATE DISCUSSION. As might have been ...
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POLAND. ANNIVERSARY OF THE CRACOW INSURR...
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PARLIAMENTARY REVIEW. After a three nigh...
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Lord Brougham has again repeated the ilo...
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[Honour and prosperity to the virtuous, ...
Note: This text has been automatically extracted via Optical Character Recognition (OCR) software. The text has not been manually corrected and should not be relied on to be an accurate representation of the item.
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Transcript
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Note: This text has been automatically extracted via Optical Character Recognition (OCR) software. The text has not been manually corrected and should not be relied on to be an accurate representation of the item.
Additionally, when viewing full transcripts, extracted text may not be in the same order as the original document.
4 The Northern Staft; February 20, - Fa,...
4 THE NORTHERN STAft ; February 20 , - fa , _ _ __^ * -- ^ . ¦ - - H .. T---Tii ^ .... -. ¦ -, t i . tf ; - \ "¦ hi in ,, m im inuiii . - * CKiT
Ou The 1st Of March Will He Published No. 3, (Price (3d.! Of
Ou the 1 st of March will he Published No . 3 , ( price ( 3 d . ! of
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THE LABOURER , L Monthly Magazine ti Polities , litwatwe . Poelrj , te
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CHARTIST POEMS , BY ERNEST JONES . Prua Three Pstxe . FJPTH KBIT 10 JC , BETlSED A » D COSBECTEIC Replete with the fire of genius , and poetic powe ? 3 of the very highest order , for eloquence and de-struetive power , they appear , to u » . almost uuriralltd . W # say " destructive , " for their tendency is *• worst than Democratic . " — JVew Quarterly Beciev ; . —( Toty . ) Orders received by tbe author and Ur . Wheeler , at the offlce of the National Charter Asociation , 83 , Ifcun Street , Sobo , London , or by M'Gowam . & Co ., Printsrs , 16 , Great Windmill Street , Ilaymarket , London , whsre eopies may be procured .
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REVOLUTION I A PUBLIC MEETING In celebration of tbe CRACOW INSURRECTION OF Feb . 22 . vd , 1840 , and for tbe purpose of petitioning Parliament in favour of aiding the restoration of the nationality and freedom of POLAND , will be held at The Literal Institctb , Jodjt Street , Tottesbah Cocslt Road , os Mosday EVEMxo , Feb . 22 nd , ISi " . Eesest Jokes , Esq ., will take the chair at eight o ' clock precisely ; and several popular advocates of the Polish cause will address the meeting . ADMTSBIOS FREE .
Ad00415
WANTED IMMEDIATELY . Active agents in every market town and populous village in the United Kingdom , to promote tbe sale ol Patent Property . Officers of Mechanics Institutions or Beueiit Societies will hare preference . Letters must be prepaid . Printed particulars priceid , which can be re . mitted ia postage stamps , mil be forwarded to order post paid . Addrt-ss to Mr . Ueorge Crisp , care of F . D . Lewis and Co ., Advertisers aud printers , iJ , Castie-court , Cornlull , London .
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Now Ready , a New Edition of MR . O'CONNOR'S WORK ON SMALL FARMS To be had at the Xirthern Star 08 Ue , 10 , Great Wind mill Street ; and of Abel Heywood , Manchester .
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TO TAILORS . LONDON ind PARIS FASHIONS FOR THE WINTER , 1346-47 . y READ aud Co ., 12 , Hstrt-. 'treet , Bloomsbury square , Lo ' idon ; And G . Bergcr , Holy well-street , Strand ; May be had of all booksellers , wheresoever residing
Ad00419
IMPORTANT TO PHOTOGRAPHISTS . AN application was made on the 22 i . d fcipt . 'mbcr , to the Vice-ChaiiM-llor of England , by . Mr . Heard who , acting under a most extraordiny dvlusui , considers himseif the soU i-i' - -titec of th « Photographic p . -j ^ e ss !; to restraiu MR . EiiZUTOX . of 1 , Tein | . le-fctri « * . and 148 , Fleet-itreet , roin taking Photographic L ' ovU . uts , which to does by a process entirely different fror . ami very superior to Mr . Heard ' s , and at one-half the cl . 'rge . His Honour refused the application in toto . Ko lifsnsii required to practice this process , which is aught by Mr . Egerton iu a fjw lessons at a moderate charge * AH tli Apparatus , Cheraicais , &* ., to be bad as ttsuai « hi * Hei . of . i , Temple-street , tthitefriars .
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A GOOD FIT WARRANTED . AT tliagreat western emporium , 1 , and , Oxfird-strcet Ubsdell and Co ., practical tailors , arc now making a beautiful suit « . f superfine black for £ 310 s any size ; splendid waterproof over coats made toorder f « . r l' 9 s each ; and youths superfine suits for 24 s . The above housa is the cheapest and best iu Loudon , for black cloths of cverydescription , us iiiby Lessen by several Lundua daily papess Of last July . SepteiuUer , and Novcuibe 3 d Omnibuses to and from the City , stop at the estabhshmeuteverv minute of the day .
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JUST PUBLISHED . Price ' ? ne Peony , THE DOMESTIC MONITOR , Or Literary , Scientific , Legal , and Medical Adviser . Edited by Hermes . 1 . LouisPhillippe ' s Vagaries : Speech of the King . — 2 . Don Itvdiigo , or the Forbiddeu Wedding , Chapter VI . —3 . The Nosegav : Voutrr , Anecdotes , Maxims , and Miscellaneous . —t . fbe Pespit ' s Corner : Military Flogging . —5 . C-irresponJcnee : Literary , Scientific , Legal , and Medical . —c . Medical Adviser : Consumptions continued—7 . Literary , Scientific , and Dramatic Reviews . —8 . Domestic Herbal , —3 . The Lawyer : Wills . —10 Advertisements . i PabJishedbr E . Mackenzie , 111 , FlectStreet , and to bs had of & U BuDkseuera aud Newsreaders .
The O'Connorville Plate.
THE O'CONNORVILLE PLATE .
Once More, And For The Last Time, We Hav...
Once more , and for the last time , we have to request our agents to transmit their orders for the above plato , as we have decided that the plain plate shall be presented on the 13 th of March , and the coloured and varnished plates on rollers on the following Saturday—that is the 20 th . It is not only important , outright , that agents should transmit their ordcrstfor the coloured plates and for those upon rollers , and for this reason , because it is as much as the bcstartistconaceomplish tocolonr three intheday , so that our agents requiring plates of that description , will see the necessity of giving us as much time as possible for their execution . However , we have now fixed the day , and subscribers who are disappointed must blame the agents , and not us .
O'CONNORVILLE . To Plasterers . —On Monday , the 1 st of March , Mr . O'Connor will be at O'Connorville , and will be ready to receive Contracts for performing that portion of the plastering work which has yet to be finished ; those applying must specify the amount for plastering separately from that for stuccoing , — the lathing is finished , so that allowance must be made for that portion of the work , and the Contractor will receive 75 per cent , upon the amount earned until the job is completed . Meantime , ap . plication may be made to Mr . O'Connor , Lowlands , Redmarley , near Ledbury , Worcestershire .
TIIE LAND PLAN . Those who doubted the stability , or the value , of the Land Plan , even as a speculation , will he astonished on learning the following facts : —Mr . Gamble , of Marylcbone , umbrella-maker , lias not promised , but has actually paid , Thomas Bond , of Devizes , 90 / . premium , for his allotment at Herringsgate . Mr . Knight , one of our Auditors , has not only promised , but has paid , 50 / . for a four acre allotment at Redmarley . Mr . Wheeler , father to our Secretary , has paid 45 / . for another allotment ;
while we are now commissioned to receive offers from parties anxious to dispose of their allotments ; but , as wc never did intend the Land as a gambling speculation , we would recommend the poorest of the poor to try their fortunes before they part with their luck , and we pledge ourselves that , in less tha . i fifteen months from this date , allotments will sell for the respective amounts of 100 / ., 150 / ., and 200 / . ; and we farther assert , that , if we closed our sections to-morrow , the undrawn shares would very speedily sell for 50 / ., 70 / ., and 90 / .
Complete Registration Of The Land Compan...
COMPLETE REGISTRATION OF THE LAND COMPANY . I have now the most heart-felt pleasure in informing you , that nothing but your own inditfercoce stands in the way oftlie complete registration of the Land Company . I did not expect the Deed' from the Registrar for at leaat a month , and 1 have great pleasure in informing yon that the government officers , so far from throwing any obstacle in osr- way , have afforded every facility , and 1 believe have gone out of their way to expedite the business . Now here is the next step , ani pray attend to it , or blame your own local officers , and not the directors , if your negligence should delay tin final settlement of the question . What yoa have now to do is this , to see that your local officers
transmit , without a day's- delay , the names of ^ shareholders in full , trade or occupation , place of business ( if any ) , and the address in full , giving the county . Now , this is very simple , and muet be done at once . We have about 7900 transmitted'and engrossed . Scotland has been most punctual , while Manchester and Leeds have been culpably negligent . The deed cannot be executed till this work is performed , and then the Directors will take it to the several localities for tbe signatures or stampa- of three-fourths of tbe members , and when that ' s done , your property has all tbe security that the most stringent law can give it ; and if you arc robbed from the non-performance of your own duties , blame yourselves , and not me . F . 0 ' © ,
Observe. All Correspondence, Reports* Of...
OBSERVE . All correspondence , reports * of puolic meetings , Chartist and Trades' Intelligence , and central questioiis ^ must be addressed to Air . G . J . IIabnzt , " Northern Star Ofiiee , " 16 , Great Windmill Street , London . All legal questions , and matters of local news ,, not noticed in provincial papers , and requiring comment . to bo addressed to Mr . Esnest Jones as above . All questions respecting Kills introduced into the legislature , Atts of Parliament , their meaning and intend , & c , mid questions respecting the Ministry , and the numbers of the two Houses of Parliament , to be addressed to Mr . George Fleming , " Xorthorn Star" Office . All questions , connected with the management of land , and touching the operations of building , cultirutkui , ic , to be addressed to ?{ r . O'Ce . v . Noji . Lowbands , Red Marie , Ledbury , Worcestershire . All communications of Agents , and all matters , of account , to be addressed to Mx-. W . Hitler , "Xortlwrii Star Office , " 10 , Great Windmill Street . London Al Applications for magazines to bo mado fhroiyk Ur . M'Gowau , Printer , as above .
Ihe Northern Star Satokda.Y, February 20, 1847.
IHE NORTHERN STAR SATOKDA . Y , FEBRUARY 20 , 1847 .
The "Northern Star" In Advance Of The Pr...
THE " NORTHERN STAR" IN ADVANCE OF THE PRESS . In a recent number we made a calculation suggestive of the economy of food that would result from a reduction in tbe allowance of Corn to Cavalry Horses , and shewed how great the saving would be , at 4 lbs . daily per horse , in a regiment eight hundred strong . We perceive that the Horse-Guards , by a recent order , have partially acted up to this very suggestion , in reducing the allowance of corn for Cavalry Horses , from ten to seven pounds . It is not , however , to the mere fact of this reduction , in itself , but it is to the principle it involves , that
we attach a paramount importance . It is one of the fore-shadowings of the coming time ; it is a concession wrung by famine from monopoly , by the starving from the luxurious , by the industrious from the idle ; it is the first of a long series of enactments that must end in the ultimate overthrow of class-prerogative ; it is a proof , that the many begin to ask why some should waste while millions want ; and that hunger prompts them to put questions to authority , which , when put , can hut he answered hy concession . Hunger is a dreadful monitor . It is true it can more easily break through stone walls than through the armour of privilege that girds a landed and inonied aristocracy—but even this it can pierce ; it
is a sharp querist , to whose searching queries the paraphernalia of courts and o / Sce , the costly pageantry of war , and the hereditary splendours of aristocracy , fail to substantiate an acceptable claim . This measure then , trivial in itself , derives importance from iu being a tribute to the truth of a great principle we have long since laid down—a principle on which successive governments must act , if they do not wish to live in antagonism with those whom they undertake to govern ; the principle that no man is justified in the enjoyments of superfluities while others arc suffering from the infliction of want , and that every man , being inherently possessed of individual rights , receives no increase of exclusive rights from the possession ofa disproportionate amount of property—but that such does cnfail on its possessor an increase of
duUcs , as < KV thestoK & vdof awothcr s ¦ wealth . This is a feature , not of modern political economy , but of the very laws of God and Nature , that our so-called " liberal" contemporaries of the press have altogether overlooked . Wc believe , notwithstanding , that government will be obliged to act on these principles , if it desires to retain its tenure of office Indeed , we would refer our readers to an able article in " The Labourer , ' for January , in which the Premier is told , that not Ireland , not the famine , but Peel , O'Connell , and Bentinck , would he the great difficulties of his administration . We fully concur in this opinion—but these difficulties can be overcome only by a broad and generous line of policy . Great times demand great men , as great calamities
require great measures . We tell Lord John Russell he must not attempt to meet extraordinary exigencies with ordinary law . He must not frame his legislation merely from a legal point of view , — or look with parliamentary spectacles at " the great requirements of the age . The paltry questions of ordinary law and of privilege must be waived in the face of a national calamity like the present ; and vte tell him so the more , since he is about to tax the English people for the support of the Irish landlords . As far , indeed , as extraordinary law is concerned , Lord John Russell must have satisfied the most sanguine curiosity—since no more extraordinary Jaw can be conceived than that embodied by this Minister for the relief of the Irish destitute-
The "Northern Star" In Advance Of The Pr...
namely , enriching the Irish rich at the expense of the English poor . But the reduction before alluded to must not stop with the horse—it must be extended to the rider , When provisions run short on ship-board , and short rations are issued , there is no distinction made ; officers and men are put upon the same allowance . Now , this is just what we demand . Let not . this calamity—this " God ' s dispensation" —afflict the poor alone . We quarrel with no man ' s just rightslet every man have his own—but we emphatically
assert , no man on earth has a right ]) to waste one particle of the earth ' s produce , or to arrogate to himself a greater share than he justly requires as an individual , while his fellow-men are in want of the necessaries ot life . We would recommend to Her Majesty the propriety of giving an example in this good direction , and putting some of her horses , too , on smaller rations , and even dispensing with some of them altogether , seeing that they eat food for the want of which her subjects are starving , It might even he found commendable if she countermanded some of the courses at the royal table , —and if he who first attributed bad legislation to God
instead of man—if , we say , the Lord Primate himself were to retrench some of the splendours of the clergy in consideration of the miseries of their flock . But , indeed , it will , and it must , come to this . The men who occupy the best cabin in the vessel of the Slate will be glad to throw their trappings overboard to save themselves from the wreck of privilege—they will he obliged to adopt our advice , if not iu outward form , stil 1 practically—( or , as the scorpion stings itself to death , so will the distress their monopolies have created he the destruction of the abused powers that created it .
We would suggest a far more equitable and beneficial measure , the appointment of commissioners to take atock of every man's store , for , surely , at such timesythe people have aright to demand even extraordinary concessions at the hands of those who ENJOJ ALL and PRODUCE NOTHING . We say , that the people have an undeniable right to look to the store-houses of the rich , to demand of them what they can give , and to claim of their superfluity . We need not he asked what law is there fee this — what act of Parliament— what
order in eouneil ? A legislature should be n » dead letter ; it is for this that we have councils and cabinets to > vary the machinery of the government according to . the requirements of tbe governed . But . we are free to . admit , we look to a higher authority . We look tethe RIGHT OF LIFE , and to the great warranty of God , the natural instinct of SEfLFPRESERVlvTION implanted in the breast of every living being .- The question , simply reduces itself
to one of life-anil death : are the people to perish in the midst of wealth , or shall- the g 3 vcrnment be compelled , natto grant charity , but to render RESTITUTION * - Let us not he misunderstood . We do not advocate a-turbulent excitement , but we do advocate such ; a rally of public power and opinion , as shall compel- " a vacillating and treasherous ministry to stoog > from its prerogative of office , and bend its appliances to the just requiremjnts of the people . "
Tiie Rate-Paying Glauses. In The Great M...
TIIE RATE-PAYING GLAUSES . In the great Meeting which , took place at the Crown and Anchor on Wednesday evening last , we hail , not so much a step towards getting rid of some vexatious clausss , as-of that great humbug , the Reform Act itself . As such , vte-ghe this mo-vemcnt * our cordial supportjbeliering , as we do , that the repeal of these clauses vrill effect much- towards obtaining an influx of purer blood into the constituencies . It is bad enough to be froverneil by partial and oppressive laws ; bat it is monstrous to contemplate , that these laws again should be partially and oppressively administered ~ an evil which , is mainly facilitated , as far as the Reform Act is ' concerned ,, by the very clauses above referred to . They place an unconstitutional power in the hands of men least likely to use that power with discretion , since they , more than any others , are liable to become the creatures
of party , and the nominees and tools of local influence . We allude to the parish officers , who can easily obstruct the exercise of the franchise on the part of a man opposed to them in politics . The poor man—and it is the poor man who has most to fear that every hindrance will be put iu the way of his right to vote , since class legislation has separated his interests from those of the rich—the poor man , wc say , has but small opportunity of punishing the negligent official for the neglect of his office , or the culpable partisan for a dereliction of his duty . Want of money and want of time , influence and intimidation , usually nullify every attempt ; and we can but characterise these rate-paying clauses as a great cheat practised on the public , to render abortive , the little good ( if any ) that was achieved by the Reform Act . No dordit our legislators calculated on the results that would ensue from themor , when professing to establish a property qualification , they would not , by one clause , have clogged a definite limitation of the franchise by a cumbrous machinery that turned it into a qualification of rates and taxes . An evidence of this intention is clearly afforded by the fact that county voters are not subjected to similar restrictions , since county voters were supposed to be more wholly under the control of the great landed aristocracy , than the comparatively less trammelled householders of boroughs . No doubt our lawmakers never
contemplated the existence of a Chartist Co-operative Land Company , which will fast change the elective face of the counties—a contingency against which even the pliable machiff ' . ry of the Reform Act will prove of little avail—a movement that will do more to purify the social and political atmosphere of the country , than even the repeal of the rate-paying clauses , or the Whig " tinkering" of half Liberals in the House of Commons . Indeed , we are idled with pleasurable anticipations of the time , when a body of Chartist freehold voters can march to the polling booths in those counties which arc the very strongholds of the aristocracy , and there register their independent votes , heedless of the frowns of a landlord , and scorning the bribes of a tuillocrat . These will be the men to talk of the repeal of the rate-paying clauses , since they arc men who will have a word or two to say about the making of rates iu their parishes , and the electing of their parish officers too . Nevertheless , we hail with unfeigned satisfaction the noble demonstration at the Crown and Anchor , as an evidence that the men of Loudon are alive to a sense of their duty , and from the sentiments elicited , and
the responses they met with , that they only look upon this movement , and only support it , as what it is : A part of the great plan for removing EVERY restriction from the universal right of man to the suffrage . There is another way in which these restrictions are brought to bear still more forcibly through the very medium of the rate paying-clauses , —we allude to the discretionary power at the disposal of the revising barrister—a power the more to be dreaded , since these functionaries have declared themselves , in many instances , incapable of putting a definite construction on the provisions of the Act , and since they have frequently arrived at conflicting and contradictory decisions . There is a satire upon legislation , when laws are so worded by their framers , that they arc confessedly not understood hy their official expounders . Surely the people , in whom the right of all law-making is vested , but from whom the power of so doing is withheldsurely , we say , the people could not do worse than this ; and , indeed , they would not perpetrate such one-sided legislation , if we arc to judge by the
Tiie Rate-Paying Glauses. In The Great M...
meeting of last Wednesday evening , called by nonelectors , for the especial benefit of those who have the vote . This is the spirit that should actuate , and does actuate , the working classes of this country ; that spirit of equal justice , that while it contends against the wrongs inflicted on itself , is ready to aid all others as well , in the obtainment of their rights . And here is the great superiority of the Chartist body over every faction in the empire } that , while others are contending for sectional interests , they are the only part of the community that struggle for the interests of all . This must do
much to dissipate the old prejudice of factions against them , and will make men more incline to enlist the aid of Chartists in obtainment of their rights , than of those who are professedly but the advocates of a party , be it Whig , Tory , or pseudo-Liberal . We shall find this feeling tell at the coming Election , and we hope that this movement for the Repeal of the Rate-paying Clauses , will serve as a further reminder to stimulate the energy of every Chartist for the apprcaching contest ) for , above all , the day of a General Election must not take us unawares . We have no doubt that the
Election Movement will , under the gallant and experienced leadership of Duncombe , make a prosperous and rapid progress ; but while the machinery is prepared , and the council in the camp are at their post , the soldiers , too , must be willing to act , and the videttes keep a sharp and unremitting vigilance . But , we trust , we need not stimulate the Chartist Body on this head , after all that has been done , written , and spoken on the subject ; and we believe so the more , since vf e understand that most encouraging communications have been received from various boroughs throughout the country . Be it remembwed , however , that a general good is involved in this question , not a local advantage ; and that it therefore behoves every place to be stirr ing
in the cause of returning Chartist Members to the House . Sectional movements must fail—national co-operation can achieve anything . It is restoring the Land to the people—it is saving the trades from the grasp of capital—it can as easily seat its own Representatives in Parliament . We have dwelt on this subject the more , because this very effort for a repeal of the rate-paying clauses brings forcibly to our minds the necessity of strengthening Mr . Duncombe's hands ; and because it will act , to some extent , as a test of our present Members at a coming election ; when , we trust , not a Chartkt vote will be given to the men who shall have opposed a Fielden , or a Duncombe , in their efforts to legislate between the employer and the employed—the taxeater and the tax-payer .
Tiie Rate-Paying Glauses. In The Great M...
lowed chains te he put upon our warlike people and forced them te profess a foreign faith , and to speak a foreign language , and for having reduced them to be slaves of those who hare trampled upon our rights . The dust of our fathers , of those martyrs of the rights of our nation , calls to us from the tomb to avenge them ; the infant at the breast calls upon us to preserve for him the country which God has confided to us ; tho free nations of the entire world inviteus not to allow tha sacred principles of our nationality to be destroyed : God himself invites us , lie , who will one day demand from us an account of what we have done with it .
We are twenty millions . Let us rise as one man , and no force on earth can crush our power . We shall enjoy such liberty as never was known on earth . Lot us conquera state of society , in which every man shall enjoy his share of the fruits of the earth according to his merits ( earnings ) and his capacity , in which no ( exclusive ) privilege , of any kind whatever , will be allowed to remain ; in which every Pole will find a full guarantee for himself , his wife and his children ; in which every man disabled by nature in the use of his bodily or mental functions , will find , without humiliation , the unfailing assistance of the whole social body ; a state in which those portions of
land which hitherto have been merely in the conditional possession of their cultivators , will become their absolute property ; in which all rknt ( white and black , according to tho feudal acceptation of the term ) , soccago labour and other similar burdens , ( entailed upon these lands ) , will cease without any indemnity ( to the landlords ) , and those who will devote themselves in arms to the national cause , will be remunerated by " a grant of land from the national domains . Poles ! from this moment we recognise no distinction among ourselves ; brethren henceforward wo
are the sons of one mother , our country ; of one father , God , who is in Heaven ! Let us invoke His support , that he may bless our arms , and grant us victory * , but to draw down His blessings we must not sully ourselves with intemperance or plunder , we must not disgrace our consecrated arms by using them for oppression , or for tho murder of tho disarmed dissenter and foreigner ; for we do not struggle against ( tho peopleof foreign ) nations , butagainst our ( common ) oppressors . And now , in testimony of our union , let us adopt the national cockade and take the following oath : —
" I swear to serve Poland , my country , by counsel , word and deed . I swear to sacrifice to her all my personal views , my fortune and my life ! I swear obedience to the National Government , which has been established in pracow , the 22 nd of this month , at eight o ' clock in the evening , in Krysitofory-IIouse ^ and to all the authorities appointed by the Government , as God may stand me in my need . "
This Manifesto will bo inserted in the Government Journal , transmitted in seperatc sheets throughout Poland , proclaimed from the pulpits of all churches , and placarded in all public places . Cracow . Feb . 22 nd , 1810 , ( Signed ) Ludwik Gobekowski . John TtasowsKl . Alex . Grzegomewski . The Secretary of the Government .
( Signed ) Iurol Rogawsiu . Contemptible is that man who can read the above soul-stirring Address and not feel his veins " run fire" and his heart swell with the holy emotion to do and dare hy the side of the brave men , who , in the above document , have proclaimed the new era for their country—an era which shall witness the destruction of tyranny and inequality , and the establishment of the reign of right and justice .
The Cracow Manifesto proclaims the extinction of serfage , the abolition of class distinctions , the restitution of the land to the nation , and the veritable freedom of the people , hy guaranteeing to them the lands ; they [ cultivate , and ensuring to each of the patriots in arms a portion of the national domains ; the disabled and unfortunate are promised security and national aid ; and , lastly , not only the fraternity of all Poles , but the fraternity of all nations , is proclaimed ; war is invoked only against those who are the common oppressors and enemies of all mankind .
The suppression of the insurrection of 1846 has not suppressed the Cracow Manifesto . The principles of that Manifesto will he appealed to in all future struggles , and will be enforced by the victorious people—victors they shall he . Excellent , however , as the Manifesto is , we venture to suggest an addition , which we earnestly recommend to the consideration of our Polish friends . We suggest that a CONSTITUTION FOR POLAND he drawn up by tbe Democratic Society , which Constitution
shall enforce , m its provisions , all the rights and duties , political and social , proclaimed in the Cracow Manifesto ; with such guarantees as shall compel the performance of duties , and secure to the masses the perfection and stability of their rights . When the wisest and ablest men of the Democratic Party , after due deliberation , have produced THE CONSTITUTION , let it be submitted to the votes of the members . When fully adopted by the Democrats , let THE CONSTITUTION be then forwarded to the
other sections of the Polish Emigration ; if they adopt it , they will show that their patriotism is disinterested , and has for its object the welfare of all , not the privileges of a few . If they will not adopt it , their refusal will be an additional reason for the Democrats acting by themselves , trusting to the justice and wisdom of their work , to ensure its after adoption hy the entire Polish people . Of cour > e the suggested CONSTITUTION would not bind the Polish people until it had received the stamp of their approval ; but its immense utility would consist in its being used as a standard round which the Polish people might he induced to rally . For the moment the Cracow Manifesto serves for that purpose , but the objection to it is , that it is not sufficiently defined ; the guarantees are wanting
which a CONSTITUTION would supply . It is a fatal mistake for a people , in a state of revolution , to trust to leaders . Had the people of Paris , at the close of their three days' combat , demanded and enforced the Constitution of ' 93 , instead of foolishly trusting to that old humbug , Lafayette , they would not have been jockied by Thiers and Co ., cursed with the rule of Philippe , and been under the necessity , as they now are , of making another revolution . Let the Polish Democrats prepare a thoroughly democratic CONSTITUTION ; and they will , by so doing offer an irresistible inducement to the Polish people to engage in the struggle ; secure more firmly than ever the sympathies of the people of other countries , and take the most effectual steps they could take to secure for their cause a complete and lasting victory .
The Anniversary of the Cracow Insurrection will be celebrated in this metropolis by a public meeting on Monday evening next , at the Literary Institution , John Street , Tottenham Court Road . We trust that on that occasion the speakers will speak out , and declare in plain English the sense the public entertain of the cowardly criminality of the English Government , and the disgraceful indifference of the British Parliament in regard to the question of Poland ' s wrongs and rights .
We trust also that the speakers will be supported by an assemblage of the Democracy of London worthy of the occasion , proving the sympath y of the English people , and their righteous resolve to aid the good aud glorious work of Poland ' s Regeneration !
The Late Discussion. As Might Have Been ...
THE LATE DISCUSSION . As might have been anticipated , the discussion between Messrs . Clark and Gurney ended in a signal triumph for the Charter ; and either party have every reason to congratnlate themselves on having had a fair , impartial , and attentive audience . What gave ns sincere pleasure was , to find that the large ITali was filled by men of every party ; We should have regretted a preponderating attendance of Chartists—what we court is , discussion ; what we wish is , for our enemies to come , and hear and judge for themselves . Every publicity was given to the discussion , otv thepartofMr . Gnraey and his friends , by announcements in all the leading journals , —and
accordingly men of every class and shade of politics were in attendance . The more gratifying is it that out of so large and crowded a meeting as that four r i • < u-ud to npport Mr . Gurney at thronging every part of the John Street Hall , only the close of the discussion—ti forest of hands being held np , and three lusty cheers being given for the glorious principles embodied in the Charter . We owe it to cither disputant to state , that they argued with great ability and perfect good temper . We only wish that our opponents would imitate Mr Gurney ' s example , have courage to come forth and face us , and we should have no doubt as to the result .
Poland. Anniversary Of The Cracow Insurr...
POLAND . ANNIVERSARY OF THE CRACOW INSURRECTION . Monday next , February 22 nd , is the anniversary of that movement which twelve months ago excited the hopes of the friends , and the fears of the enemies , of Polish regeneration , and added another page of heroic daring and fearful suffering to the annals of that most unfortunate but most gallant people . Accursed be the traitors whowarned the despotic oppressors of Poland of the coming storm ! But for them the hurricane of Revolution would have
burst with its full force upon the heads of Poland s enemies , and the surging waves of uprisen millions would have swept them away . As it was , the tyrants could not altogether stifle the cry of Young Poland . To all the legitimate atrocities of war , the despots added perfidy and assassination . On lies and delusion , fraud and corruption , they organized murder , and destroyed by the assassin ' s knife the men whom they dared not encounter sword in hand ; but , we repeat , the voice of Young Poland has been heard in spite of METTERNICII and his ruffianly tool-. The destiny of Poland ' s future has been proclaimed , and that future shall be , in spite of tbe crimes of tyrants and all they may attempt to prevent the accomplishment of Poland ' s regeneration .
The Manifesto of the 22 nd of February , published by the brave insurgents of Cracow , announced to the world that henceforth the struggle for Poland's restoration would not be confined to a noble class , ot to a soldier class , but would be participated in by the mass of the people generally . That Manifesto proclaimed also that the restoration of Poland's na tionality would be no mere barren victory for the masses , but would veritably restore Poland to the
Poles—not merely to the Polish nobles or any privileged classes , but tbe Polish people universally On the occasion of this anniversary , we feel ourselves hound to reproduce the CRACOW MANIFESTO , in order that the people of this country may be reminded of the objects sought to be obtained by the Poles , and be reminded also of the duty they owe to their gallant brethren , to aid them in every possible way in their heroic efforts to obtain the establishment of their glorious aims .
MANIFESTO OF THE POLISH NATIONAL GOVERNMENT . —February 22 nd , 18-10 . Poles ' . —The hour of insurrection has struck . The whole of dismembered Poland rises and greatens . Our brethren have already risen , and in the Grand Duchy of Posen , in Lithuania and in tke Russian provinces , arc fighting against the enemy . They are li » hting for their most sacred rights , ot which they have been deprived by force and fraud . You know well what has passed and is still occurring . The flower of our youth are languishing in dungeons , the oldwhos * counsels guided us , arc given up to
con-, tempt ; our clergy is deprived of all respect ; in a word , all whose actions , or even thoughts" , have shown tho resolve to live and die for Poland , have been destroyed or immured in prison , or arc in dancer of being " so every moment . The groans of millions of our brethren who perish under the knout , or pino , iti ! 8 ubtorraneaneells ,. orarodriven into the ranks of our oppressors and subjected to all the sufferings which humanity is capable ot enduring , have struck our heart * and can ed them to bleed . Wo have been robbed of our glory ; our language has been
forbidden to ns ; the profession of the faith of our fathers prohibited . Insurmountable barriers have been opposed to the ' amelioration of our social condition . Brother has been armed against brother , and the most honoured children of our country have been reviled by calumnies . Brothers , one step more , and there wouW be no Poland , not even a single Pole . Our grandchildren would curseour meraxry . for having left them nothing in one of tho flriest countries in the world but dygerts a « 4 r » iii » , for having al
Parliamentary Review. After A Three Nigh...
PARLIAMENTARY REVIEW . After a three nights' debate , the last of which was protracted to the old-fashioned Parliamentary hour of half-past three in the morning , Lord G . Bcntinck ' s great Irish Railway scheme was defeated by the large majority of 2 H , in a house of 450 members . This decision , however , can scarcely be taken as one upon the merits of the measure , and had the debate been
postponed a fortnight , as was asked for , the result would probably have been very different . Lord George , if not in an absolute majority , might have headed so formidable a minority , as to have led to the Premier ' s resignation . The plan was most favourably received hy many influential persons iu this country ; it had been hailed with rejoicing in every part of Ireland , aid had Lord John not taken the decisive » Veps he did to bring the question to an |
Parliamentary Review. After A Three Nigh...
' mmediate issue , it might have been difficult fo ^ afterwards to stem the torrent in favour of 'J " George ' s plan . Besides , many of the most prM | ^ measures for the temporary relief of Ireland , wquM ^ that time have been either passed , or nearly thro ' ' all their stages , in both houses , and the Irish landln \ and members having got bonus number one fr 0 mj ? Whigs , would have felt themselves at liberty t 0 \ 2 bonus number two from the country part y . and there ) . escape some of the threatened permanent Whi g 0 J sures , at which they make awfully my faces , wu lucky dogs they would have been to get £ 16 , 000 , 00 )) from Bentinck , and avoid Russell ' s Poor Law at \ u same time I
But the Prime Minister , by the course adopts broke up the formidable confederation which ^ j hatching between the Irish and the Protection ^ party . By declaring his intention to resign if beat ^ and his determination to urge the question to a ( Jirj . sion without any delay , he broke into pieces t ^ gathering phalanx of opposition . The Irish members were puzzled . It was better , under the pressing nj . cessities of their country , that they shoul d take the ten or eleven millions offered by tj ,. ministers in esse , than risk the chances of the sixteen held out by the Minister in posse . At the sum time , it was very hard for them to vote against " ( be introduction of British capital info Ireland . " Htt » was a "fix ! " What is the result ? 38 of them voted for the measure ; 31 against it ; Ihirty . fite did
not vote at all ! Tim was dexterous Whig- management . In the division list , we find the O'Connclls curiously squandered—John and young Dan voted for , Morgan John against , and the " ould fox" n ^ at all 1 Besides cutting off so large a division of Lord George ' s troops in this direction , the moveme nt of the Whig general detached from his camp many of his own party . Some ( like Mr . Recorder Shaw ) went
openly over to the enemy—others imitated " old Dan . " They were probably not gifted with the chivalrous courage of their leader , nor so much ia earnest ; and , upon cool reflection , shrunk from the awful respon » ibilities , cares , and anxieties , which at the present moment await men in office . On th » other hand , all Whig placemen and flunkies rushed to the breach . Peel and his section were suro toeo against the Protectionist , and this is the rathwull Lord John ' s triumph !
We remarked , when the scheme made its appear , ance , that , though better than many of the Minis , terial plans , it was liable to grave objections . Sub . sequent consideration has confirmed that opinion but there can at least be no doubt that the scheme ex . emplified many more of the qualities of a statesman ' s mind than the incoherent higgledy-piggledy plans of the Administration . It waa based upon definite data as to costs and results . Its parts fitted well into each other , and the whole plan evinced a mind capable at once of perceiving the whole of a subject , and of mastering the most minute details connected with it . The proposer of the plan , though norai . nally beaten , is virtually victorious . It has raised him and his party immensely in the scale of political reputation .
waiving for the moment the propriety of introducing such a measure at present , and tbe nature of some of its provisions , which , undoubted !; -, tended to violate the princi ple we have so often laid down , viz ., that whenever the State expends public money and employs public labour , the benefits thence arising should he secured to the public treasury , and the people as a whole , instead of sections or classes , —waiving , we say , this objection for Uie present , let ua glanje at ' some of the probable immediate and future results of such a
measure . Two great wants in Ireland are—monev-wages for the labourer and a retail market for the producer . To a very considerable extent the extension of railways would have supplied both . Over a large area on both sides of the lines wages would have been raised and paid in money , not only while the railways were in course of construction , but after they were finished . Buyers would thus have been created , and the farmers , whether large or small , would have felt the effect in an immediate increased demand at increased prices . Instead of waiting for the higgler to come and take away butter , eig ? , pips or sheep , at tbe wholesale price , after manv o (
these articles had deteriorated in value by not being sold when fresh , as , for instance , butter and eggs , the farmer would have had a ready retail market . His butter would have fetched him £ 5 instead of 30 s ., his mutton 6 d . per pound instead of 2 Jd . or 3 d . for the half or quarter sheep . Mote money would have been put in circulation , improvement stimulated , and labour increased . The fisherics , mines and collieries would , in the course of time , have had their latent wealth developed ; and all these most desirable and most necessary results might , had Parliament been so minded , been attained with a very small portion of alloy , so far as encouragement to gambling speculators ' or bankrupt landlords was concerned .
On the other hand , it is not to be denied that the Chancellor of the Exchequer , his predecessor , Mr . Goulbourn , and his predecessor , Mr . Baring , followed up by Sir R . Peel , urged many solid and forcible objections te the measure in some of its details , and especially its adoption under the present ominous financial prospect before us . It is quite clear that every one of these financiers look forward to auother " bottomless deficiency " such as that which occurred under Barings former management—or mis-management—whichever is the proper word . Fresh loans , fresh taxes , a falling revenue , declining trade , and deficient harvests lie before us , and , under these circumstances , it was not unnatural that so bold and dashing a measure should have been scrutinized severely , by men who practically know something of the difficulty of raising supplies . '
It is true that Lord George and his friends repeatedly asserted that the State would not lose one sixpence ; but the past experience of many public works in Ireland was not of such a character as to cause implicit belief in these statements . It does not surprise us , therefore , that the measure was rejected , but we trust that the principle it involved will not he lost sight of . "Indeed , Lord John himself by no means agreed in the slashing and im- ¦ petuous speech of the Chancellor of the Exchequer , , which , as Mr . D'Israeli wittily remarked , was » more like a speech from the Paymaster of the i Forces , than that of a chancellor . ' His lordship : ) did not disapprove , in limine , of helping railroads s by means of public advances , and it is rumoured d that to a certain extent he is prepared to do so .
As to the solemn twaddle , whether talked by y Peel or Roebuck , Hume or Molesworth , about it leaving all these things to private enterprise— -silent it contempt is the best reply . It was most effectually ly disposed of hy Mr . D'Israeli and Lord George hi ia their respective speeches . Tbe debate was throughout an animated one , and ml certainly brought out some of the principal orators irs on either side in their best stvle . Sir Charlesles Wood "flared up" in a very ' unexpected way . iy . D'Israeli came out splendidly . Peel was inspired •«! by the desire of proving himself worthy of bis highgh position as a Parliamentary debater , and he did so . so , He was , in fact , " the burning airtl shining light "t " of the administrative camp . As to Lord George , it , ii
is impossible for any party to deny him the posses-es sion of very high powers , As his confidence in-increases he becomes more aud more suited far thetht position he has taken . His hit at Sir Rohert ' srt ' " whole stock-in-trade , " Mr . lliancoui ; at Sit Si C . Napier ' s knowledge of railways and ship-huild-ild ing , instancing , in the latter case , one of the admi-lmi ral ' s productions , christened by the sailors " Druiikerike Charlie ; " at Baring ' s " bottomless deficiencies" am aw financial abilities , and at Goulburn ' s want of infomfoi mation . " 'Tis a pity when charming women tall tal of what they do not understand . " All proved tha th : his Lordship is a courageous and earnest leader—trman of what Mr . Ferrand calls" " pluck , " as well sell i no small amount of mental resources , either for abr a tack or defence .
Lord Brougham Has Again Repeated The Ilo...
Lord Brougham has again repeated the iloctvhvtnfl that a government arc neither bound to give reli < reli nor employment to the people . The only gospel pel which he has any faith is , " devil take the himhiii most . " Society is a scramble in which order , rr , i gulation , or fair play , are altogether out of tot * I question , and opposed to " sound principle ! " !" both Houses there are indications that many « y \ join him in his crusade against the Irish peimaiiwaii ' Poor Law ; and , unfortunately , the Ministry are fare lieted to b « by no means firm " upon it .
[Honour And Prosperity To The Virtuous, ...
[ Honour and prosperity to the virtuous , noble , pile , ] | ievering , md industrious working classes , espcciipcci
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Citation
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Northern Star (1837-1852), Feb. 20, 1847, page 4, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse.ac.uk/periodicals/ns/issues/ns2_20021847/page/4/
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