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TO THE WORKING CLASSES
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1 My dear Friends, "Wl "When I teJlyou t...
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Coaitist tttt! *
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METROPOLITAN. Aofd Victims* Fvsd.—To (he...
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I ^SB^ s/) ^^ ^ "—'"as. ii ~%^- ^mm*^ "A...
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FORTHCOMING MEETINGS. Messrs Clark and P...
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Cljavtist £attfj Company
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MESSRS. CLARK AND DOYLE'S TOUR. LtDBUxy....
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FORTHCOMING MEETINGS. Bradford.—Sharehol...
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Terrific Murders in Ireland.—We have to ...
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Untitled
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THE FRATERNAL DEMOCRATS. On Monday eveni...
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EMIGRATION. We refer our readers to our ...
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MURDER IN SHOREDITCII. About half-past t...
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Pmsiky.—Triumph ov the Working Classes.—...
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S' •fc
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y the vaoana^u^k; Clii)te»<fHp " Mif |^ ...
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Transcript
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Note: This text has been automatically extracted via Optical Character Recognition (OCR) software. The text has not been manually corrected and should not be relied on to be an accurate representation of the item.
Additionally, when viewing full transcripts, extracted text may not be in the same order as the original document.
To The Working Classes
TO THE WORKING CLASSES
1 My Dear Friends, "Wl "When I Tejlyou T...
1 My dear Friends , "Wl "When I teJlyou that I am obliged to steal aa fewa few hours from night in order to submit to 3 jou . ' you a full , simple , and complete treatise in next imonlmonth ' s Magazine , which must be published 1 next next week , I feel assured you will excuse jme 1 me this week ; and , if you should feeldisap-¦ jxhd pointed , ! flatter myself that next week you will be r be more than repaid , as I am determined to vrit vrite an unanswerable treatise upon the questior tion of questions—THE LAND AND THE BANK .
] I caaonly tell you that it is now two o ' clock on . on Thursday morninjr , and that at half-past five I I start on a journey of thirty-three miles to at ! attend an auction , and that for the last fortni nig ht I hare not slept five hours a night . Here , an and at Herringsgate , we are going on most gl g loriously . I have seventeen horses OF OUR
O OWN at work , and fifteen in-calf-heifers m making dung , and ten houses up , and the carp patters' work of all nearly completed . 1 wul ji just give you one word upon the value of co-0 operation . On Friday last I purchased ten 1 horses , for which coal merchants , brewers , t timber merchants , and distillers , were all
bid-£ ding , but 1 said . " No , they are worth more to t the weavers than to you , and the weavers' pence i shall beat your pounds , " so I bought them- At 1 half-past fire on Friday I wrote to Lowbands io build stables for ten horses ; my letter did not arrive till one o ' clock on Saturday , and at seven ¦ on the same day the horses were each in separate firm stalls with mangers , and paved and finished . Now what say you to that ? and I was offered eight guineas , four guineas a-pieee for two more than I gave , and on Monday they earned 8 s . 4 d . a horse , drawing stones to build houses for men that never had a house
in their lives . When I tell you tliat I have the least profit from 'The Labourer , ' I may . without begging , ask you to read and KEEP the next number . Your faithful Friend , Feargus O'Connor .
Coaitist Tttt! *
Coaitist tttt ! *
Metropolitan. Aofd Victims* Fvsd.—To (He...
METROPOLITAN . Aofd Victims * Fvsd . —To ( he Editor of the Aor . them Star : —I this evening , March 14 . waited on the asi tating committee of the Tower Hamlets , at the Wbittington and Cat , Bethnal-green , and had good reason to be proud with the resuk of my visit , tor on explaining the degraded and miserable position of poor old " daddy Richard ' s , " ann" the rest of veterans , victim * , & c . after some desultory conversation , every one appeared to be actuated by the same motives , viz . to adopt the most speedy and effectual means to ameliorate the sad , and deplorable condition of our unfortunate fellow-creatures ; and in sympathizing with their sufferings , generously noted the sum of £ 1 , to the funds of the " veterans' and orphans' committee , " with a hearty promise to do their utmost in future , and strorgly recommend all localities to contribute one penny a-month , which
small sum they feel confident would enable the conimitee to amply provide for the future support of the aged and infirm , as well as for those who are deprived of their natural protectors , by the selfish crew , who enact their base laws to crush and grind us . "They anxiously ( through the Star ) look for responses from every quarter in the kingdom , to the noble example they have set , and although the majority are very poor men , are nevertheless determined that our friends shall neither rot in prison , or a Poor Law Hell , for the want of their raite . All honour be to their feeling hearts , and God speed them in their herrnane resolresl" Say I . —I most tell ycu . nU * , that one charUab ' . e soul , whose heart seemed to be made of flesh and blood , cheerfully gave a shilling , with a regivt only that the sum was so small . Tour ' s truly , J . Shaw 24 , Gloucester-street , Commercial-road East .
At tbb Meeiiso " of the AJEraorw . ira . v Cou-1 UTTEK . —Mr Cummins in the chair , the intended meeting i-i support of Mr Duncombe ' s motion for the repeal of ( the Ratepayimj clauses was considered , when it was resolved that the delegates should consalt their constituents on the subject , and report at the nut meeting on Thursday evening , March Stu . Beruosdsey . —The members have recorded tbeir votes for Messrs O'Connor , Dovle , Wheeler , Jones , and M'Douall to fill the office of executirecommittee . The chapel at Dockbead h s been taken for a meeting to be held on Tuesday evening , March 30 th , for the purpose of furthering the cause of Chartism . Maetmb -se . —Mr J . F . Lindon , delivered a lecture to a very numerous audience , at the Coach Painters' Arms , on Sunday evening last , his subject was " Natural and Politital Economy , " which
he treated in a thoroughly artistic manner , contrasting natural economy with the humbug , known by the name of Political economy at the present day . He was frequently interrupted with loud cheers . At the earnest request of the meeting : Mr Lindon consented to deliver a second lecture on this subject on Sunday , 28 th inst . The National Victims ' , Widows ' , ixd Orphans ' , iso ageo Patriots' Relief Committee assembled at the same place and same evening , Mr J . Simpson in the chair , when the case of the veteran Preston was brought before the committee , and the sum of ten shillings voted to him . Ten shillings was also ordered to be forwarded to J ? r J . Yates for the use of Mr J . Richards . Ten shillings each was likewise swarded to the veteran , T . R . Smart , and the lawmade widow of Vfil jam Sherrat Ellis . The following sums were handed in : — Mr John Shaw , on behalf of the agitating
committee of the Tower Hamlets ... £ 10 0 Westminster Locality , per James Grassby ... 0 7 9 Two Friends , per ditto ... ... ... 0 10 Somen Town , per John Arnott ... ... 0 3 4 CamberweU and Walworth , jwr John Simp-* 0 U ... ... ... ... 0 3 3 H . D ., Tower Hamle t * ... ,., ... 0 10 Mr Bornbam ... ... ... ... 0 0 6 Soho . —The Central Registration and Genera Election Committee met on Tuesday evening , at the Assembly Rooms , 83 . Dean-street , Mr J . Shaw in the chair . —A communication was read from Mr . Davies , Secretary to the Greenwich Local Committee , announcing the formation of a committee in
that borough , and requesting addresses , forms of -claim , and information , on which to found an active campaign , which were duly forwarded—Mr J . Shaw was authorised to prrcure and lay before the next meeting of the committee , information connected with the requisition got up in the Tower Hamlets , inviting Universal Suffrage candidates to present themselves at the nest election Mr M'Grath then brought forward his motion . — " That a Metropolitan public meeting be held at the Crown aid Anchor on Wednesday evening , the 14 th of April next , to aid and assist Mr Buncombe in agitating for a repeal of the Ratcpaying Clauses in the Reform Act . "—The motion baring been seconded , Mr Tapp , secretary to the local committee oftbe
City of London , said he had no doubt that the City locality would exert themselves to the utmost to support the object intended ; in fact , they thought of waiting on every professing liberal within the boundaries of the City , calling on them for their aid . pecuniary and otherwise . —Mr B . Rogers , Lambeth , said hU locality would also do its utmost . After several members of the committee had given their opinion on the subject , the resolution was carried unanimously . It was , then , resolved that a circular be issued , thanking the Metropolitan and Provincial newspaper press , Lr the support rendered on a recent occasion , and invoking their future aid in the cause . —Messrs M'Grath , Stallwood , ar . d Grassby were appointed a sub-Committee , to draw up the circular , and take the Crown and Anchor Tavern
for the occasion . It was likewise resolved , unanimously "That all Metropolitan localities , as well as every Chartist , and all friends to the repeal of those obnoxious clauses be hereby requested to aid , by pecuniary and other means , in supporting ' this Metropolitan demonstration ' " "That subscriptions be received for that purpose at S 3 , Dean-street , Soho , and br all secretaries and other officers of the localities . " That the whole of the members ( including the tellers ) who voted for Mr Duncombe ' s motion , be invited to attend the proposed meeting , with all such other friends as the committee may think fit . " A very pleasing communication was read m Nottingham , and the committee adjourned outil Tuesday evening next at eight o ' clock . Somers Town . —On Sunday last , a crowded
aiectj og was held at the Bricklayer ' s Arms , Ton"r id ge-strcet , New Road , Mr Turner in the chair . Messrs O'Connor , M'Gralh , V heeler , Clark , Doyle , and Skelton , were nominated to act for the ensuing year . A subscription of 3 s . -Id . was made for Daddy Richards . Mr Gathard afterwards lectured on practical Agriculture , and gave great satisfaction . Socm LosDos . —A special meeting of the shareno . ders of the Lambeth district , will he held at the ' - ''" artist Hall on Sunday evening , ( to-mnrrow ) , at J ^ n- rast six o ' clock , to take into consideration the
Metropolitan. Aofd Victims* Fvsd.—To (He...
>« st mode of defraying the expenses already in " curred in carrying on the business of the above branch , and either to confirm or rescind the resolution passed on the 18 th of August , 1845 . relative t « the payment of local expenses . —Mr . G . W . Wheeler will lecture , as above , at eight o clock o : < the same evening . Subject , " Spade Labour . " The Solemn Farce !—Resolutions have been adopted at various district meetings within the last few days , for the purpose of getting up a public meeting and tea partv on Wednesday , 24 th inst ., at White Conduit House " , T . S . Duncombe , Esq , M . P ., will take the chair . The National Association has offered its services . The public will be admitted , at a charge of 2 d . each , after tea . Toweb Hamlets . — On Sunday evening , the agitation committee met and voted £ 1 to the Victim Fund ; and adjourned to Sunday evening , ( to-morrow ) , at six o ' clock , at the Globe and Friends , Morgan-street , Cnmmercial-road .
PROVINCIAL . Bjlsto-v . —The following officers have been appointed : —Committee—W . Jcnnines , R . Rowlej , W . Richards , J . Pinner , and T . Almond . Scrutineer—A . Fairburn . Treasurer—J . Linney . Secretary—W . Furnival . Cilstos . —At the weekly meeting of the Chartists of Bilston on Sunday evening , the case of Mr Richards was brouent before the meeting by Mr Linney . A subscription was entered into which amounted to twelve ahillinsa , and was ordered to be sent to Mr Richards forthwith . The sum of ten shillings was voted to the " Veteran Patriots' and Widows * and Orphans' Fund . " It was resolved , — " That the local secretary be presented with a copy oftbe plate of O'Connorville , elegantly framed and glazed , as a testimonial of respect for his valuable and gratuitous serviees .
Bradford . —On Sunday , the Chartists of Bradford held a meeting at two o ' clock in the afternoon , when the present executive were unanimously nominated as candidates for the executive commits for the ensuing year . Dcmfuies . — The Democratic phalanx continues in a most satisfactory state in this locality . Internally it is all that could be desired : a full muster-roll , the most perfect unanimity and good feeling amongst its members , a reading-room full of newspapers and other periodicals ; everything , in fact , which can minuter to theprosperity and usefulness of an institution such as the Dumfries and Maxwelltown Workin ? Men ' s Association . The last quarterly election ot office-bearert resulted in the appointment of the
following staff : —treasurer . Mr John "Wilson , framework knitter ; secretary , Mr James Grierson , currier ; finance secretary , Mr John Wilson , smith ; librarian , Mr J . May son , bookseller ; auditors , Messrs William Grievson and John Paterson , ironmongers . And the association seems determined after a pretty long rest as regards out-door work , to renew its efforts , so often successful , in the way of arousing the public to a sense of its rights , and how to establish them . It has been arranged toset afloat the National Petition in this district , and a committee is now actively engaged in the preliminaries . Anothercsmmittee is busily employed in arranging
some , and catling out other measures decided on by the generanneetinc , preparatory to the holding of another of these soirees which have been productive of fo much gooi ; in this locality . The ninth anniversary of the institution of our society will be held in the Temperance-hotel , on the evening of the 26 th inst . Mr A . M'Asland has been appointed t « i preside ; the programme has been discussed and settled , musicians all but secured , and of the decorations of ihe room , the array of beauty and manhood , the speeches , the songs , and the fiddling of the fiddlers , 1 shall take care to give you an arcple report . Correspondent .
Halifax—The following persons have been nominated for the Executive : — Messrs D . Donovan , E . Jones J . West , — Tattcrsal . and D . Ross . IIebdeh Bridge . —The following resolutions have been adopted - . — "That it is the opinion of this meeting , that there should be two delegate meetings in each district , previous to each annual conference , the first for the purpose of appointing a district secretary , and the second for scrutinizing the votes and giving instructions to the delegate ; and that the directors should fix the time and place for the first meetings . " "That for the better managing of the election , a list of the candidates' names should be published in the Star , at least , three weeks before the day of election . " " That a list of the successful candidates should be published in the Star , at least two weeks before the meeting of the conference , to prevent the possibility of two delegates going from one district under the plea of ignorance or mistake . "
Manchester . —The following gentkmen have been nominated for the executive : —Messrs . Christopher Doyle , Philip M Grath , Feareus O'Connor , Thomas Clark , and Thomas Martin Wheeler . Manchester . —At the People ' s Institute on Sunday evening , Mr Grocott read Mr O'Connor ' s letter from the " Star , " and several other articles , which were well received . Mr Dickenson then delivered a lecture on the rise and progress of the cotton manufacture . [ We have no room for the report of the lecture . ] At the conclusion of Mr D . ' s address he was presented with a silk scarf as a testimonial of esteem from the Manchester Chartists ; and also with the following address : —
" The Chartist Council being desirous of roani festing their devoted attachment and profound esteem towards Mr Thomas Dickenson , for the able and assiduous efforts he had displayed , during the i ast few months' residence in this town , in the ranks of the peopleand the cause of democracy , do hereby present him with a scarf , as a small token of gratitude ; for we have observed in him , while advocating popular rights , a sincere oesire to promote human progress . The cause of suffering humanity has occupied his chief attention . With a degree of natural eloquence peculiar to himself , he has exhibited the manifold evils of class legislation , the monarchical pride of sovereigns , with all the paraphernalia of pomp and extravagance . He has also judiciously displayed , in
terms not to be misunderstood , an historical account of English aristocracy , exposing the oligarchial tyranny of the present ages , as well as past . He has taken great pains , in his discourses , to make known his profound views on the present state of societ ); the rapacious desires of the rich to acquire wealth at the physical expense of the poor ; the great affluence of the one , and the hardships of the other Truth has been his only weapon , and he has directed , or rather desired , the working clashes to walk in the paths of virtue , and steadily seek after useful knowledge . In sympathising with the British labourers ,
he has particularly wished to see tlera , not only an enlightened but elevated race of citizsns , and has advocated unity , as necessary for the accomplishment of their emancipation . Seeing that knowledge , power , aud unity is strength , le has done all in his power to iropres ? these two axioms upon their minds . We deeply regret that we cannot secure his permanent stay in this town . However , we feel assured , where ever he goes , he will make known our principles the principles of the People ' s Charter . As he is now taking his farewell , we wish him t-accept this as a memorial of our grateful esteem . "—Signed on behalf of the Manchester Council , G . JI . Smith ,
. Mr Roberts then briefly addressed . the meeting , ex' pressing his satisfaction at the proceedings . On the motion of Messrs Dison and Donovan , a vo ! e of thanks was given to Mr O'Connor for his able refutation of Chambers ' s . Oldham . —On Sunday last , MrT . Jones , lectured in the school-room of the Working Man ' s Hall . At the close a member's meeting took place , for the purpose of nominating fit and proper persons to serve the Executive Committee , when the following individuals were put in nomination , viz : —Messrs . O'Connor , M'Grath . D y e , Clarke , and Wheeler . Rosendalb . —At the weekly meeting on Saturday , Mr O'Connor ' s letter in the Star was read , and a vote of thanks passed to that gentleman for his valuable services .
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Forthcoming Meetings. Messrs Clark And P...
FORTHCOMING MEETINGS . Messrs Clark and Potle will visit the following places during the enduing week : Buckfastleigh , Totnes , lorquay , Newton Abbot , and Teignmoutb . Birmingham . —Members of the petition committee who did not attend on Sunday last , and other persons holding petition sheets , are requested to at ten on Sunday evening , March 21 st . Business of the utmost importance nil ! be laid before the meeting . Bbadford . —The members will meet in their room , Butterworth-buildins ; s . on Sunday , at two o ' clock . Four shillings were collected for Daddy Richards .
Betusal Ghees . — On Sunday evening Mr Lyltyle will lecture at the Railway Engine Coffeehouse , 122 , Brick-lane , at eight o ' clock . Dr . M'Douall ' s Route . —Monday , March 22 , Newcastle-upon-Tyne , in the Guildhall , Sandhill , at seven o ' clock in the evening , for the adoption of the Na tional Petition ; Tuesday , March 23 , Britley , Durham ; Wednesday , March 24 , Blyth , Northumberland . Distress in Ireland . —A public meeting will be held at the City Lecture Theatre , Milton-street , on Wednesday evening , March 24 th . T . S . Duncombe , Esq-, M . P ., will take the chair .
Forthcoming Meetings. Messrs Clark And P...
Hull . —A meeting will be held at the Ship « w » , Church Lane , to-morrow evening , at six o ' clock , to consider the propriety of holding a public f meeting in favour of the motion of Thomas Slingsby Duncombe , Esq ., M . P ., for the Rate paying Clauses of the Reform Act . Halifax —Mr Alderson will lecture on Sunday ( to-morrow ) in the Working Man ' s Hall , Bullcloselane , commencing at six o ' clock . Lancashire MmEBS . —The general delegate meeting of this body will be held on Monday , March 22 nd , at the Wheatsheaf , Coppall , near Chorley . Chair to be taken at eleven o ' clock . W . P . Roberts , Esq ,, and others will address the meeting .
Liverpool— The quarterly meeting of membeh will take place to-morrow evening , at Mr . Farrell ' s , 4 , Cazneau-street . Manchester . —MrR . Marsden . of Preston , will deliver a lecture at the People ' s Institute , Ileyrod * street , AncoaU . to-morrow evening . Subject : " What the Nature of Trade is ; and the steps necessary to be taken by the Working Men of England , if Ireland ' s horrid woes are to be averted . " Metropolitan Committek . —The next meeting will occur on Thursday , March 25 th , at 83 , Deanstreet , Soho . Business of great importance will be submitted . The chair will be taken at eight o ' clock . - ; V Manchester—Mr Donovan will lecture ifc'thc Chartist room , Mill-street , on Sunday evening . at six o ' clock . The council will meet in their room , on Sonday , 28 th inst ., at two o ' clock , instead of Monday night .
Marvlebonb . —Mr T . M . Wheeler will lecture oh Sunday evening , at the Coach Painters' Arms , Marylebones . Subject : " Governmentits effects upon the happiness and prosperity of a Natiou . " Newcastle-upon-Tyne . — A deputation has waited upon the mayor for the purpose of convening a public meeting to take into consideration the principles involved in Ihe People ' s Charter , and also to petition the House of Commons forthwith . The meeting will be held in the Guildhall , on Monday next , at seven o ' clock , p . m . Norwich . —A social meeting of Chartists and members of the Natiraal Land Company will be held on Wednesday , March 24 th , at six o ' clock , at Mr G . Hewlett's Coffee-room , in honour of the principles contained in the People ' s Charter , and in commemoration of the Land movement , propounded by F . O'Connor , Esq .
Nottingham . —A meeting of members will be held on Sunday evening , at seven o ' clock , at the Seven Stars , Barkers-gate , to enrol new members , and transact other business . Nottingham . —The Election Committee will meet at the Seven Stars , Barker-gate , at seven o ' clock , to-morrow evening , to transact important business . Oldham . —On Sunday ( to-morrow ) Mr J . Williams , of Stockport , will lecture in the school-room of the Working Man ' s Hall , at six o ' clock . A punctual attendance is requested . A tea party and ball will
toko place in the large room of the above place on Easter Monday , to commemorate the laying of the first stone of the building , also in honour of the principles contained in the People ' s Charter , and in commemoration ofthe Land scheme , promulgated by F . O'Connor , Esq . Soum Loxoas Chartist Hall . 115 , Blaekfriarsvoad . —On Monday evening next . March the 22 nd , a public meeting will be held to take into consideration , the Queen's proclamation relative io a general fast ; and to pass resolationa relative to the present wholesale murders committed in the Irish nation by class legislation . Chair to he taken at eight o ' clock precisely . .
Sheffied . — The West Testimonial Committee will meet at the Democratic Temperance Rooms , on Saturday evening , at eight o ' clock . On Sunday evening , at seven o ' clock . Mr Otley will deliver an address on " The folly of fasting and praying for the sins of others . " Somers Town . —Mr . P . M'Grath -will lecture to-morrow evening , at the Bricklayers' Arms , Tonbridge-street , New-road , at eight o ' clock precisely . Subject , " The Roval Proclamation for a General Fast . " Tower Hamlets . —A general meeting will be held at the Globe and Friend , Morgan-street , Commercial-road , on Tuesday evening , March 23 rd , at eight o ' clock . Mr Harrison will lecture on "the State Church" on Sunday evening , March 28 th , at seven o ' clock .
Cljavtist £Attfj Company
Cljavtist £ attfj Company
Messrs. Clark And Doyle's Tour. Ltdbuxy....
MESSRS . CLARK AND DOYLE'S TOUR . LtDBUxy . —On Tuesday evening , the 9 th instant , a numerous and highly respectable meeting was held in the Town Hall , for the purpose of hearing addresses from Messrs . Clark and Doyle , directors of the National Land Company , u ; son the land , its capabilities , and the means of obtaining it , as laid down by thc Company ' s regulations . At about 20 minutes to S o ' clock , Mr Huish , an ardent and sincere friend to the cause , was elected to the chair , who opened the business inn pithy speech , and then introduced Mr Doyle to addre-s the assemblage . The speaker gave agraphia but lamentable history of the physical and social evils under whoso blighting influence the
working people have suffered , and pointed out in clear and forcible language the remedy , which , if applied , would effect a cure , viz ., the Land ; and sat down loudly applauded . —The Chairman next presented Mr T . Clark , who , upon rising , was loudly cheered . Mr C . fully explained the land plan , its principles , objects , and details , and shewed in the most convincing manner , the benefits that would result from their adoption by the sonsof labour , and the trading classes generally . —Mr C . ' s speech gave the greatest satisfaction . A vote of thanks was given to the chairman and the lecturers , after which the meeting dissolved . This was the first meeting ever assembled in thin faction-vidden town for so laudable an object , and there can be no doubt but the efficient labours of the gentlemen who held forth on the occasion , will be productive of considerable good .
Dktuks—Puimc Meeting . —On Wednesday evening list we were favoured with a visit from Musms T . Clark and C . Doyle , wlm attended here for the purpose of explaining the objects and means ofthe National Land Company . The meeting was held in the National School-room , and was presided over by Mr Bond , jun . It was this gentleman who recently sold his right to location on O'Connorville to Mr Gamball , of Somers Town , for the sum of £ 90 . The meeting wasvery numerously attended , and ihe addresses were most enthusiastically receive ' .
Bbidoewatkb . —For the first time in the memory ofthe oldest inhabitant of this corrupt and priest-dominant borough , a public meeting for a worthy purpose was held on the evening of Thursday , the Uth instant , in a commodious room . The meeting was called to hear addresses from Messrs Clark and Djyle upon the all-important subject of the land : A working-man ofthe right stamp was unanimously elected to the chair , who made a very effective open * ing speech , which was repeatedly applauded . — Messrs Clark and Doyle apoke for two hours , and
their sentiments seemed to give the most perfect satisfaction to their auditors , as unmistakeably evinced by the frequent bursts of approbation which intervened 'during the time . At the conclusion , they received the hearty thanks of the meeting . When the business was over , a goodly number of friends retired to the " Fleur de Lis , " and partook of an excellent and substantial supper , the getting up of which reflected the greatest credit on the worthy host and hostess . Several democratic toasts were given and responded to during the evening , and the utmost harmony and brotherhood prevailed
throughout . Wellington . —On Friday evening last , a public meeting ofthe inhabitants of Wellington , was held in the large room ofthe Half Moon Inn , for the purpose of considering the propriety of forming a brai . ch of the National Land Company . At half-past seven , Mr Thompson , schorlmaster , was clled to the chair , and opened tho proceedings of the evening . —Mr Clark then proceeded at considerable length to develope the plans of the company , challenging refutation at everv point , and was frequently interrupted by the plaudits ofthe meeting . At the close of Mr Clark's address , the chairman urged some objections ho entertained against the land plan , tu
which Mr Doyle replied in one of his usual eloquent and able speeches . At the conclusion of which , the chairman brought forth a budget containing certain calculations which he had prepared previous to coming to the meeting , on which a discussion ensued . The result was , that after the chairman had exhausted his opposition , he declared that he was satisfied , and that be had no doubt hut that the objects ofthe company might bo effected with tie means proposed in the rules . A vote of thanks was then moved by Mr Clark to the chairman for his services , which was seconded by Mr Doyle , and carried unanimously .
Plymouth . —Messrs Clark and Doyle addressed a full meeting at the Mechanics' Institute , on Monday evening . Several questions were submitted , 1 which they satisfactorily answered . Mr . Clark
tit f A tlie , » Wmy of the present banking system , and completely set at rest certain doubts which existed in the minds of some who were present The proceedings of the evening were most sabsfactory , and the following resolution was carried unanimously :- ^ - That theNational Land Company and the Land and Labour Bank possess the confidence of this meeting , and that we pledge ourselves to theronf » " ^ dto txerfon to promote the objects mercoi i he miSs , on of these gentlemen is likely to effect a vast amount of good here . * METROPOLITAN .
CAMnERWEii , and W 4 LWonTn . —A very numerous meeting of shareholders was held on Monday evening , at Harrison ' s Assembly-rooms , 9 , East-lane Walworth ; Mr William Woodford in the' chair .-Mr John Simpson detailed the rise and progress ' of the Land movement in that district , and said , were the principles of the Land Company in rail play throughout the length and breadth of the kingdom , there could not be such a thing as famine . The present dearth , scarcity , famine , or whatevpr other term they might choose to designate it , was caused solely by misgovernment . Seven now shareholders were added to the company : a considerable acquis ! . tion was also made to the ranks of the Charter Association . It was also announced , that the proprietor
to oms had gives op the Dispatch , and comtakinjr in the Northern Star . ioRT .--The shareholders approve of the sugfor holding the next conference at Lowbands , on the 1 st of July . Lambbyh . —At a meeting of shareholders held at the South London Hall on Sunday last , it was suggested that the directors call upon members and others to pay into the Bank not less than one penny per week ; interest , however , not to commence until £ 1 be subscribed , the society having the benefit until that time ; butSJ per cent , will be psid afterwards on whatever cash may be subscribtd . SitoKKMTcir . — On Wednesday evening last Mr M'Grath lectured on < he Land . The lecture gave
great sitisfaction , and a vote of thanks was given to Mr M'Bratb . After tho lecture , a special meeting of the members was held , when Messrs S . Dowling , L . Kina , E . Peterson , J . Glover , and T . Newsom , werechfsen for committee ; S . Dowling , scrutineer . Westminster . —The debate on the Land and the Charter was resumed at the Westminster Library and Debttiiig Society Hall , Broadway , on Saturday evening , March 13 , by Mr Stallwood , who gave an able exposition of the " six points , " vigorously defending ( his just ana true representative government from the assaults of its enemies , and showed the connection between the Land and the Charter , and clearly demonstrated that from the immense quantity of uncultivated land in England , Scotland
and Ireland , that were the people fully and fairly represented , a more equitable distribution of wealth must of necessity f-nsue , and , consequently , that it would be utterly impossible that those awful scenes of misery , destitution and death which were now so fearfully depopulating Ireland , could take place , and that no proclamation for a "Solemn Farce" would disgrace our land . Mr Stallwood resumed his seat amidst loud applause , — Mr Cathie did not fxactly coincide with the six points of the Charter . If we went upon CoVoett ' s principles , that all had a right to live , and consequently all should be represented , then should women and children have the franchise . For his part , he thought an educational test necessary , and believed it would be beneficial if
every person was compelled to produce a diploma from a Meclianics' Institute before he was admitted to exercise electoral privileges . He could notasree with his friend , who had so eloquently descanted on the intellectual powers of his order ; on the contrary , he did not think all , or that a majority of the intellect was to be found on the side of the workirg classes , and quoted the great powers of mind i f Earl Chatham and fjdmtind Burke , in support of his views . He ( Mr C . ) thought property better calculated to produce enlightened , cultivated men than poverty , and concluded by asking if any ono would dispute the advantages of his educational test ? [ Mr Stallwood : Yes . I will . ]—Mr J . Gathard said , it mi » ht not be politic or prudent to advocate women
suffrage just now ; but , at the same time , he certainly would not object to that , but as regarded children , os with plants and animals , a certain time must elapse before thoy were ripe ; hence he objected to children possessing the vote , and thought the n ? e laid down in the Charter a good one , —it . being the one of legal maturity . ( Hear , hear . ) As regarded the diploma of his friend , he would very much like to know in whom the appointment of judges of the Mechanics'Institution was to be vested ? ( Hear , hear . ) Mr Cathie had admitted that knowUdge prevailed to a much greater extent in fclie United States than in England ) : how was this to be accounted for otherwise than from their having an approximation to the People ' s Charter , and consequently the people
of that country had no stamp acts , or other toll bars on the road to knowledge . ( Cheers )—Mr Trumble , in following on the same side , said he did not like the doctrine of expediency , and thought if we waited till they admitted "it was time , " we never should possess the suffrage . ( Cheers . ) He contended for the superior intellect for his order—the working clashes . Take the first peer of the realm , the Duke of Cambridge , as a specimen of the intelligence of his order , hear him declare that he invariably voted with the minister , and consequently that he had n » mind of his own , although he had been a legislator for nearly half a century—( hear , hear)—his friend Cathie had quoted Earl Chatham as a specimen of aristocratic elequenoe , but he should remember that even his was not hereditary wisdom , and against this
he had a most brilliant and mo * t powerful mind , that arose from and acted for the people to placehe meant John Philpofc Curran . ( Loud cheers . ) Ay , { . « aid Mr Trumble , ) only give the people the suffrage , and then the golden barriers will be removed , and from the working men will spring many a John Philpot Curran . ( Applause . ) The time for closing having arrived , it was resolved that this question be considered finished , and that Mr Cathie bring on his question— " the influence of machinery , " on Saturday next ( this evenng , March 20 ) . The room was so crowded that many could not find admission . Wc understand that a more commodious room will Ih provided below t ' te commencement of the next debate . A considerable acquisition to the numerical strength of the Debating Society was made .
Woolwich . —The first important meeting on the subject of the land was held at the George the Fourth Tavern , King-street , on Monday evening . Messrs Philip M'Grath , J . Gathard , E . Stallwood , S . Boonam , and W . Hewitt , attended from London to assist in the proceedings . The spacious club room provided for the occasion was crowded . Mr W . Hewitt was unanimously called to tho chair , and briefly opened the proceedings . Mr J . Gathard ad . dressed the meeting , and said that land with labour was the source of all wealth , but it had hitherto been locked up from the working classes , and tens of thousands of * them were consequently thrown out of employ , having no other resource to fall back upon than snob as that great abomination the new poor law
afforded , and which was hated by every rifeht-tmndeu Englishman . ( Hear . ) Well , the working men had by their delegates assembled together in the month of May , 1845 , a * d formed the present National Land Company , and which , although not jet two years in existence , had already arrived at a giant ' s strength , the pence and shillings { of the working classes having accumulated into a fund of £ 27 , 000 , with which the company had purchased three estates , now in their possession , to which tbo several fortunate shareholders were allotted ; and the directors were new in quest of other favourable spots for the purposes ofthe Company . In December last , he ( Mr Gathard ) had the good fortune to obtain a four-acre prize , for which he had been offered 100 / ., but had declined the offer .
f he Chairman now called on Mr . M'Grath , who was loudly applauded , and said they did not meet here as Whigs or Torios , or any other description of partisans , but for the purpose of considering the best means of placing the working men on the land . He held the principle that the possession of land is well calculated to improve the condition of the people . A few months ago scarcely anything was said or written on this all-important subject , but since the successful operation of their company had transpired , every newspaper , periodical , magazine , para-V i ' j u " ' teeme , i witn articles on tho land , whilst it . Itad become a staple commodity for legislators to descant on . ( Hear . ) Everything , whether food , clothing , or dwellings , sprang from the land ; yet the land was monopolised by a few , which he
declared to be a gross injusticc- ( cluers )—for if the land be the property of the few , those few . like his Grace of Newcastle , have a right to do what the ) like with their own , and consequently should they please , might abstain from cultivating a single acre , and thui starve large masses of the industrial population . ( Applause . ) Ho believed that G & d gave the earth to big people , for the benefit of all . — ( Cheers . ) However , he did not wish to take the land by force from those who held it in right of laws made by themselves , but he did look to those who held it as bound by their tenure to render an account , and to cause an equitable distribution o { its produce . ( Applause . ) Mr M'Grath then reviewed tho mode in which the landed aristocracy obtained possession , and asked , was W ) t BUOh a .
ffamaas ^ BaS -cheers ) -a and ut Scotland the whole land was held by three thousand men , amongst whom his Grace of Sunderland was rated as the greatest me nopohst , besides being charged with ( through his agent ) turning the poor people from their holdings out on the highways , to perish . Mr M'Grath next entered into a lengthened and loeid exposition ofthe National Land Company , its practical working , its estates , buildings , National Land and Labour Bank & c , and demonstrated the value of the security given by this bank to its depositors over every other
institution of the kind in the kingdom . Mr M'Grath resumed bis seat amid loud and protracted cheering . A resolution , expressive of the approbation of the meeting in the principles of the Land Company , as propounded by Mr M'Grath , was moved bv Mr Dempster , and seconded by Mr Stallwood , and ( after some questions had been put and satisfactorily answered ) was carried unanimously . A district of the Company was then formed for Woolwich and vicinity . Mr Green was appointed secretary , pro tem . The nights of meeting will be Monday in each week , at 5 , Bwesfova-street . A number of shares were taken out . A vote of thanks was afterwards given to the chairman .
PROVINCIAL . ALMOKDBtmy . —A branch of the Land Company has been formed here , and the following officers elected : —John Roy , secretary ; Richard Brook , treasurer ; John Bradshaw , scrutineer ; George Stanfield and George Roberts , auditors . Accbikotos . —At the weekly meeting , the following resolution was passed unanimously : — " That it would be unwise to hold the next Conference at Lowbands , believing that little good could arise from holding meetings at such a place , unless the allottees had been located at least a sufficient time to have reaped ono crop of their own sowing . That the same accommodation cannot be had for the members as in a more populous place , and more members may be added to the company by holding the
Conference in some large town , such as Sheffield , Leeds , Bristol , Blackburn , Preston , Bolton , Burnley , & c , and further , it was decided at the last Conference , when and where the next Conference should be held ; and this meeting is of opinion that the directors ought not , unless from some urgent cause , to either alter tho time or place of meeting as agreed to by a Conference of Delegates , otherwise conferences will be useless ; their decisions will be looked upon as not binding , and the success of the society will be endangered . " Bramhofe , kkab OrLKr . —On Sunday this place was visited by Messrs Alderson and Smyth , and the principles of the Land Association explained ; when arrangements were made for the formation of a branch of the National Land Company .
Bolton . — At a meeting of the shareholders on Sunday evening , a resolution was passed condemning the Chambers's , and thanking Mr O'Connor . BnAoroRD —The members ofthe Land Association held their usual weekly meeting , on Sunday evening in Butterworth-buildings , when a resolution was unanimously adopted in favour of holding the conference in July , at Lowbands . Chatham . — A public meeting was held at the Plough , New Brompton , Chatham , on Tuesday evening , when Messrs Willis and Payne , from the
Rochester branch , attended , and explained the great benefits to be derived by the working men joining the Land Company . Tho room was well filled ; several questions were asked , and the answers seemed to give general satisfaction . Several took cards and paid their entrance money ; others promised to join . Manchester—A general meeting of shareholders was held in the Mall of the People ' s Institute , on Sunday last , Mr Radford in the chair ; when officers were duly elected . No money can be received at any other place than the office , which is open on Wednesday , Saturday , and Sunday evenings .
NEWCASTLE-uroK-Ti-NB . — Resolution passed : — " That in the opinion of the shareholders of this branch , the expenses consequent upon holding the previous conference having been ro » re than tho income , we vote against holding the ensuing conference sooner than the time and place appointed by the late conference ; which conference shuuld , if the state of the expense fund permit , order the next conference to meet in July 1848 , at such time and place as it shall deem proper . " Nottikohau . —• Mr . Douse lectured at the Fox and Hounds , last Sunday evening . Subject , " The Cul . tivation of the Soil . " A spirit of inquiry was aroused ; and , at the conclusion , Mr . D . received an unanimous vote of thanks .
PEnsHORE . —The shareholders thank Mr O'Connor for his reply to Chambers , and approve of the Conference meeting it Lowbands , on the 1 st of July . Rochdale . —A gentleman who had recently visited O'Connorville delivered a highly satisfactory leeture last Sunday evening , to an attentive and numerous meeting . At the conclusion , a few questions were asked , and replied to satisfactorily . Rbtford . —The shareholders at this place have expressed their disapprobation of the conduct of the Chambers ' s , and their thanks to Mr O'Connor . Swindon .- —At a meeting of shareholders , on Monday last , the following resolutions were agreed to : —• ' That the next conference be held at Rcdmarley . " " That one penny per month be levied on oach member to defray local expenses . " All members in arrears , unless paid on or before the 1 st of April , will be struck from the list of shareholders .
Forthcoming Meetings. Bradford.—Sharehol...
FORTHCOMING MEETINGS . Bradford . —Shareholders are requested to meet at 31 , Spinkw heel-terrace , on Sunday , at two o ' clock . Chelsea . —Shareholders will meet at Herbert ' s Temperance Coffee-house , Exeter-street , Sloatiestreet . on Tuesday evening next , to consider the propriety of convening a public meeting . Uanley and Shelton . — The shareholders condemn the Chambers ' s , and express their thanks to Mr O'Connor for his able reply . KiDDgRMissTsn —Resolutions hare been passed approving of Mr O'Connor ' s suggestion respecting the next conference , and ' the society of twenty or more individuals to buy an estate for themselves . " Leicester . —A resolution has been passed condemning the Chambers ' s . Liverpool . — Shareholders will meet at Mr .
Farreli a , ' 1 emporance lintel , 4 , Cazneau-street , on Monday , March 22 nd . Chair to be taken at seven o ' clock . Manchester . —Shareholders will meet in the Hall of the People ' s Institute , on Sunday March 28 tll . Chair to be taken at ten o'clock . N . B . —Communications to be addressed to Mr . Dixon , Temperance Hotel , 93 , Great Ancoats-street . Masslkv . —The shareholders will meet every Monday evening , at eight o ' clock , at the Fleece Inn . Salford . — Shareholders are requested to present their cards on or before the 27 th inst . The officers will not be responsible - for any error after this notice . SnoBEDiTcn . —Mr . G . Wheeler will lecture at Mr Taylor ' s , Railway Engine Coffee-house , 122 , Bricklane , on Wednesday next , at eight o ' clock . Subj ect , "Spade Husbandry . " Mr T . M . Wheeler will lecture on Wednesday , the 31 st .
Todmoiidbn' .- Resolutions have been passed thanking Mr . O'Connor for his refutation of Chambers's doctrines ; requestirg Mr O'Connor to visit Tod * mordeu ; and that a tea party be got up on the 1 st of May , Wioas . —This branch will meet in the large room , Bear ' s Paw Inn , on Sunday , ( to-raorrowj at six o ' clock in the evening . It is proposed to form other districts in the locality . York . —Shareholders will meet in future at the Blue Bell , Fossgate , every Tuesday , at seven o'clock , P . M .
Terrific Murders In Ireland.—We Have To ...
Terrific Murders in Ireland . —We have to record one of the most sanguinary outrages perpetrated in this unhappy land for some years past . There are various versions of it in Dublin , but all giving the main fact , that a pay clerk of the Board of Works and a constable have been brutally murdered . Mr . Prim , one of the pay clerks of the Board of Works , accompanied by an armed policeman , left Thomastown on Monday morning ahont eight o clock , with a sum of money for the payment of a body of men at Callan . They were in a gig , and when they came up to a sharp turn in the road ,
they were stopped by five armed men , who shot them dead . It is said that there is hardly a vestige of the head of either Mr Prim or the constable left , ami that in the course of the day a man was found in a wood not far from the scene of this double murder in a dying state , two bullets having entered at his shoulder and lodged in his lungs . It is staled in a letter from Kilkenny that tins man has confessed he was one ofthe party . A remarkable feature in connection with this fearful outrage is , that the brother of Mr Prim had just been sworn on a jury at KiU kenny for the trial of a man charge-. ! with robbing another pay clerk ofthe Board of Work * .
Ar00113
The Fraternal Democrats. On Monday Eveni...
THE FRATERNAL DEMOCRATS . On Monday evening this society assembled ait tbeir place of meeting , Drory-tene , when , in the unavoidable absence of G . W . Wheeler , J . Cnughlan was called to the chair . Some new members having been elected , letters were read from W . Daniells , editor of the Miners' Advocate , and R . Wild , ot Mottrara , who were both nominated for member , ship . The discussion on the American Land Movement was then rejoined .
J . Overton said the American Reformers had put forth twelve propositions , in which , for the most part , he concurred , although he regretted that the Americans did not go the whole length of proclaim , ing the land national property . He wished the Americans would invest the women with the franchise , and set their faces against the holding of land as private property in any shape . J . Moy repeated the objections he had urged on a previous- occasion to " partial reforms . " Land monopoly was » ot the great evil—the monster error
was the allowing land to lie at all held as private property . After the first French Revolution there were e ' even landholders where there had been but one previously - bust was the condition of the people improved ? He admitted the right of every individual to possess as his own the improvements he effected o » the land , but not to hold a property in the land itself . He next showed the evils of the present currency system , and contended that the American Reformers were also in error as regarded the currency .
G . Julian Harney , while holding the doctrine that the laud should not be private property , defended the American Reformers . If their movement was not perfect , it was open to improvement ; the laws of the American Reformers were not like the laws ofthe Medes and Persians . Carl Schapper opposed the views of the preceding Speaker , who seemed to have taken Jean Jacques Rousseau for his model . , He ( C . Schapper ) was not forgoing back to the teachers of a centuiy
ago , or even to the time of the French Revolution ; nor did he approve of the Communism taught by Robert Owen . The German Communists did not believe in the practicability of family communities ; the Germans would proceed in propagating their principles , until the majority of the people were ripe for the change , and then change the entire system , social and political , at once . He disapproved of the American movement , because the Americans admitted the holding of the land as private property .
On the motion of W . Rohson , seconded by — Brown , the discussion was again adjourned to the next meeting ; W . Robson to open the discussion .
Emigration. We Refer Our Readers To Our ...
EMIGRATION . We refer our readers to our police report , where they will find an exposure of that swindling scheme , " The Mutual Emigration Association . " The warnings we have held out against emigrating to Texas are now confirmed by the Lord Mayor of this metropolis and the Government Emigration Commissioners . Of the real state of Texas we may say something another time ; this week we ask our readers to " mark , learn , and inwardly digest" the following statement of the appalling condition of the poor emigrants in New York : — From Yoioip America of Fab . 6 th
the surrtiuNG imhigiunts . The wretched victims of capital and land monopoly are daily thrown upon our ihoris . AH our cbarityhou « esare « rammtd to suffocation . The exhibitions of misery lire horrifying . Homeless , landless , half naked famishing , benumbed with cold , covered With iilth and tags , crawling with vermin , tottering to and fro with the ship fever m-oii them , they stalk through our streets , mere wreck * , ot' men and women ! At night , it' so fortunate , they are gathered into the station houses indiscriminately , among our own vagrants , and in the morning ure again cast into the streets . They wander about through the day heart-brokin and desolate , casting their imploring looks upon the cart-less throng of passers , spenkin ^ a language tha t their lips dare not utter , " 0 , give me a home ! give me shelter ! give me bread and warmth ! give me but a woid of sympathy even , if you ean do no more I" Some have perished in the streets , in tliu tombs , and in the various station houses > tv , o
were found drowned in the East river , who undoubtedly put an end to their wretched existence . The hospital at Bloomingdale is like a field of carnage , where the deud and d ) in * are piled up in one mass oi ° revolting contagion . The physician is sick ; there is but one nurse for all the patients , and she has been laid sick with the ship fever . The dead and dying lie for hours beside each other in narrow unventilatcd apartments , ilothers have abandoned their young infants and gone , none know whither . Three young innocents , so abandoned , & re Iving amid tilth and vermin moaning piuously for ore and nourishment . OGod ! what a specimen of misery is there to he witnessed' The eye may sketch it , bu tongue nor pen cannot relate it iu its horrible details We intend giving nwt week a" history of ihess emigran hospitals and their abuses : l « t this rrcital suffice for ; h present . The common council have the matur in hand if they abate the vtiongs , well ; otherwise wo shall as for a redrew of grievances at the hands ofthe p ipulace
Murder In Shoreditcii. About Half-Past T...
MURDER IN SHOREDITCII . About half-past ten o'clock on Wednesday night a fearful murder was committed by a man , named Thomas Brooks , an umbrella-rib-maker , upon Win . Gobert , who at the time was living with the sister ot the former . The prisoner , when conveyed to the station-honse , at once confessed the crime , merely assigning as a reason for its commission that , had he not shot deceased , the latter would have shot him . When searched , some powder and shot were found on his person . From his statement , it appears that deceased , in company with the female mentioned , entered the house , and demanded some trilling property in the prisoner's possession . Upon being ordered to withdraw , and refusing , Brooks threatened to lodge a bullet in the breast of deceased , and
instantly fired ; the shot entering on the left side of the breast , death ensued instantaneously . The prisoner is apparently under 20 , and his victim about 23 years of age . On Thursday morning the prisoner was brought before Mr Arnold at Worship-street ; but the investigation was a private one . We have , however , gleaned a few particulars at the ab > ve stated time . It appears that as police constable 201 II was proceeding on his beat through Hare-alley , Shorcditch , he was called into one of the houses therein by a female , who said that a man named William Gobert had been shot . The constable at once prjeeeded into the house , where he found Gobert lying upon the basement flooring uppn his back . lie hid been shot through tho body . Ho gave one moan only on the approach of the constable , and then ceased to
breathe . The constable then proceeded up stairs , ' where he perceived upon the landing the prisoner , ' Thomas Brooks , who is connected with the murdered man either by marriage or otherwise ,, with a sort of carbine in his hand , which had evidently been just let off . Brooks , on perceiving the constable , exclaimed , "If I had not d » ne itt < ttiey would have served me out . " Inspector Harris searched the prisoner , and found upon him a dark lantern , a powder * flask , with powder , and some shot . The unfortunate man , it appears , had been to the house ( one of bad repute ) on a previous occasion to demand certain things belonging to him in the prisoner ' s custody , and he was then told if he came there again on such «» errand , " ho would Buffer for it . lie aid go again and hence the dreadful catastrophe . The prisoner was remanded till Tuesday next .
Pmsiky.—Triumph Ov The Working Classes.—...
Pmsiky . —Triumph ov the Working Classes . — -A meeting has been recently held here for the purpose of forming lines of railway in connexion with this town , and with the view of thrusting upon the people undertakings which have been countenanced by monopolists j and thus , whether beneficial or otherwise to the majority , endeavouring to deceive the working classes into the belief that their interests were really consulted ; whilst the sequel has proved that the monopolists have been signally defeated , anil held up in their own , proper colours . At a crowded meeting last week , Councillor Council in the chair , the following
resolution was submitted : — " That the arbitrary con . duct of the Ayrshire Company , in charging too high for minerals and parcels , their irregular hours of starling the trains , and the otherwise improper treatment of the inhabitants , call loudly for the establishment of an independent line of railway be tween Paisley and Glasgow . " After a stormy debate , the concoctors of the meeting were utterly routed , the following amendment being carried amidst the applause ofthe meeting : — " That as there appears to be no material dift ' erence between the lines as to the mineral traffic , and as it is evident , from the argument brought forward , Vhatneuher will secure
to the inhabitants the benefits of competition , this meeting leaves the respective companies to fight their own battles . " We are glad to see the men of Paisley are " » p and doing , " and , although we regret to add there is a vast amount of sad destitution amongst them , they have not sunk into ( carelessness and apathy which distress too fatally engendm , and of which the sister country pxesents so fearful an example . Lkwks . — The election to suppl sioni-d by the acceptance of the bv Sir II . Elphinstono , Bart ., itesday . Captain Lyon , the finding no chance of success , < Ferfept i tho froo trader , to waft
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Citation
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Northern Star (1837-1852), March 20, 1847, page 1, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse.ac.uk/periodicals/ns/issues/ns2_20031847/page/1/
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