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      To Louis Kossuth. Flow Shall We Welcome ...

      TO LOUIS KOSSUTH . flow shall we welcome thee , whose name Is heard oh every tongue ? ¦ How shall we welcome tbee , whose fame Through all free lands bato rung ? The ruler of a glorious land , The laurel round thy brow ;

      Theh & Qiehed from thy Sttnenanu , Kutayeh ' s exile voir . Sow shall we welcome thee , whose life Saoh changing scenes hath known ? The seat of power—the battle-strife-. Kutayeh ' s fortress alone . How shall we bail th y . advent here , Among true hearts and free ? In silence , or with echoing cheer , Say , shall we welcome thee ?

      la silence deep yet eloquent first gaze u on Ms face , yfho strove with patriot zeal to raise The noble Magyar race . Think of his land down-trodden , ' His home deserted now . And sadly , silently entwine The cypress round his brow . Then let Britannia ' s welcoming Bing out—cheer after cheer , — Europe shall catch the . echoes , Tyrants and serfs shall hear . Before bis true nobility let earth ' s great names bow down ; An exile , yet a conqueror , — Bring forth the laurel crown . * B . B . P

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      The History Of Mary Queen Of Scots. By F...

      The History of Mary Queen of Scots . By F . A . JfaGNET . VoL L London : Bentley . The sex , the fascinations , and the misfortunes of Mary Stuart , as veil as the probable influence of her deposition , imprisonments , and death , in shaking the superstitious reverence for authority , and originating the-modern democracy , have attracted more attention to her story than to that of any modern or even ancient monarch . Mary has not , like her prototype Cleopatra , been depicted by Shakegpere , but she has been , the theme of more poets and romancists than any other historical personage ; her history has been treated by authors of every cast and calibre j the documents professing to illustrate it surpass any

      collection upon any other historical subject , where the events were not patent to the world at the time of their occurrence or recorded in public muniments . The author Las availed himself of the latest material ! which modem industry has brought to light upon the subject , and added some information of his own , derived from inedited Spanish documents . These relate to different subjects reported to the Spanish Court ; bnt their chief novelty regards the negotiations for the marriage between Mary and the unfortunate . Don Carlos , son of Philip the Second of Spain . The book thus contains the pith of all the new information upon Mary ' s career , and of the evidence » against or in . favour of her character .

      The historian's conclusions on this . vexed question are put forth -with a calmness approaching to indifference , but with tbe decision of a judgment or a verdict . Mary's imprudence and levity before her marriage with Darnley , her adultery with BothweU , her probable complicity in her husband's murder , and her connivance at BothweU ' s abduction , are rather received as evidence than treated as matters requiring argument to prove . Her alleged guilt withRiccio , and someother mean persons is left unsettled , though the charges are stated . M . Mignet gives a minute account of the circumstances connected with the murder of

      Darnley , the Queen ' s husband , founded on a careful examination of the papers , which bear strongly against the Queen as an accomplice in the murder . The estrangement between them commenced with the favour shown by the Queen to Riccio , whose assassination , in her presence , added bittterness to i her previous apathy . Then arose in her mind a fatal passion for Bothwell , which her courtiers readily ^ understood . They offered by Darnley ' s ' removal ' to prepare the way for a marriage with the new favourite . The Queen told them to do nothing ' by which any spot might be laid on her honour . ' Bothwell engaged all her Mends and connexions in the plot : —bnt the Queen , was she a consenting party ? M . Mignet thus answers the question : —

      She still retained feelings of distrust and animosity towards Darnley , whom she now accused of conspiring against her life . According to statements attributed to William Hiegate and William Walcar , two servants of the Archbishop of Glasgow , but which they denied when they were interrogated and confronted , the Sing had resolved to seize the person of the yonng Prince , his son to have him crowned without delay , and to govern in his name . Oat of fear of this chimerical plot , the Queen removed the Prince Royal from Stirling to Edinburgh . * * The day after she had expressed herself with such suspicious severity of Darnley , she set out for Glasgow , to lavish marks of the strongest affection upon him whom she

      judged so unfavourably , and detested so thoroughly . Darnley , who was still an invalid , was greatly surprised at this unexpected visit . He knew that Mary Stuart had recently spoken of him in very harsh terms , and he had received some vague warnings of the Craigmillar conspiracy . He did not conceal his apprehensions from the Queen , but told her that he had learned from the Laird of Jlinto , that she had refused to sign a paper which had been presented to her , authorising his seizure , and if he resisted , his assassination , lie added that he would never thinS that she , whoTras his own proper flesh , would do him any hurt ; and confidencehe de

      then , with more vanity than , - clared that if any others should intend to injure him , he would sell his life dear , nnless they took him sleeping . Mary in her turn reminded bun ot bis intention to retire to the Continent , andof the project attributed to him by Hiegate and Walcar . Be affirmed that he had never been serious in his threats of departure , and denied the second charge ¦ withvehemence . After havingreproaehed him with his fears and suspicions , and evinced moregentleness and less aversion towards him than usual , Mary had no difficulty in regaining allher former influence oyer him . The author comes to the conclusion

      that—Blinded by passion , and obedient to the ferocious and abitious -will of her lover , Mary Stuart went to Glasgow to gain Darnley's confidence by manifesting a hypocritical interest in his condition , that she might p lace him in the hands of his enemies . And here is a chain of the circumstantial evidence b y which he supports that opinion : — Bothwell had placed in her service , as valet , a Frenchman named Hicolas Hubert , who had been his own serrantfor very many years , and who was usually called Paris , from the place of his birth . This Paris , who was one of the agents employed by his old master in the execution of the plot against the Kind ' s life , accompanied the Queen from

      Edinburgh to Glasgow when she paid Darnley her Jate TOit TWO days after her arrival , Mary Stuart sent him back to BothweU with a letter which attests at once the affection which she felt for BothweU and the part which she took in his sinister designs . "Being departed from the p lace where I left my heart , she said , "it is easy to be judged what was my countenance . " After having given him an account of her journey to Glasgow , and having described to him Darnley ' s fearful mistrust and affectionate demonstrations , as they are mentioned in the deposition of Thomas Crawford ( a gentleman in the service of tbe Earl of Lennox , to * nonl Darnley communicated his interview with the Queen ) , she went on to say , " I have never seen him better , or speak so humbly ; and if I had not known from experience that his heart is as soft as

      wax and mine as hard as diamond , 1 should almost have taken pity on him . However , fear nothing . She was nevertheless disgusted at the perfidy which her passion induced her to practice , and which she caUed her JuUeful deliberation . " You constrain me so to dissimulate , " she added , " thatl am horrified , seeing that you do not merely force me to play the part of a traitoress . I pray youremember that if desire to please you did not force me , I would rather die than commit these things ; for my heart bleeds to do them . In brief , he will not come with me unless upon tiiis condition , thatl wUl promise to use in common with him a single table and the same bed as before ; and that I shall not leave him so often ; and that if I wiU do this , he wiU do aU I wish , and wiU follow me . " - Carried away by the ¦ violence of her love , she told BothweU that she would obey him in aU things ; and begged him not

      The History Of Mary Queen Of Scots. By F...

      to ' conceive a bad opinion of'her ; 'because , " she continued ; " you yOiirself are the occasion of it : I would never act . against him . to gratify my own private revenge . " She did not conceal the object she had in view—an object : which was attained two months after the murder of Darnley , by BothweU ' s divorce from Lady Jane Gordon , and marriage to herself . *¦ The original plan of conducting the King to Craigmillar had been abandoned , because he had evinced great repugnance for the place , But he had consented to remain at Kirk of x * ield until his health should be completely restored . ' •¦* This house had formerly belonged to the prebendaries of the Kirk of Field ,, and was not at all adapted for tbe reception of a King and

      Queen . Small , confined , and lU-furnuhed , it consisted only of two stories , one of which contained a cellar and another room , and the other a gallery which extended above the ceUar , and a bed-chamber which corresponded with the room on the ground floor . Kelson , Darnley ' s servant , when he arrived at Kirk of Field , was about to prepare the Duke of Chatelherault ' s house for the reception of his master . But the Queen prevented bim , and directed him to Balfour ' s house , whither the necessary furniture was conveyed , and which BothweU had evidently chosen that he might carry out his murderous intentions with greater facility . Darnley was established on the first floor , where his three servants . Taylor , Nelson , and Edward Simons

      occupied the gallery , which served at once as a wardrobe and cabinet . The cellar on the ground floor was transformed into a kitchen , and the Queen had a bed prepared for herself in the room immediately below that in which the Sing slept She also directed that the door at the foot of the staircase , which communicated between the ground floor and the upper rooms , should be removed . Thus installed , though very uncomfortably , by Darnley's side , she passed several nights under the same roof with him . Her assiduity , her attention , and the manifold proofs which she gave him of her affection , were all well calculated to dispel his fears . Whilst Mary Stuart seemed to have returned to herformer

      affection for Darnley , Bothwell was occupied in making aU due preparations for the murder . In addition to those accomplices of high rank , whose co-operation he had secured at Craigmillar , and on subsequent occasions , in order that he might carry out his design with impunity , he had procured a number of subaltern assistants , to put it into execution . His chamberlain Dalgleish , his tailor Wilson , his porter Powrie , Laird James of Ormiston , and his brother Robert , and two men-at-arms , Hay of Tallo and Hepburn of Bolton , whose courage and devotedness he had amply tested during his border warfare , were admitted into his confidence , and unhesitatingly became his instruments . He had false keys made , by means of which easy access

      could be gamed into Balfour s house ; and he sent to Dunbar for a barrel of gunpowder , which was to be placed underneath the King ' s apartment , and to destroy the house and its inmates by its explosion The assistance of the Frenchman Paris , whom he had placed in Mary Stuart ' s service , was indispensable to him , for the purpose of ascertaining whether the false keys were exactly similar to those in use , and of placing the powder in the room occupied by the Queen , below Darnley ' s bed-chamber . * * He enabled BothweU to compare the keys of the house with the false ones he had had made , and promised to introduce Hay of Tallo , Hepburn , and Ormiston into the Queen ' s chamber on the evening appointed for the execution of tbe murder , that

      they might deposit the powder there whilst the Queen was with Darnley . BothweU had forbidden Paris to place the Queen ' s bed immediately under that of the King , because he intended to have the powder strewed there . Paris did not attend to this ; and when Mary Stuart came into the room in the evening' , -she herself ordered him to change the position of the bed . The night of Sun day the 9 th of February , was fixed for the execution of the . horrible design . Mary Stuart ' s conduct , when tbe time for the murder drew near , is but too well calculated to confirm the accusations which result from the depositions of the witnesses , the confessions of the perpetrators , and her own letters . Kelson says that she caused a bed of new

      velvet to be removed from the King s apartment , and substituted an old one in its place . Paris de * dares that she also removed from her own chamber a rich coverlet of fur , which she was , doubtless , desirous not to leave there on the evening of the ex * plosion . On the Sunday she came to spend the evening with the King , whom she had assured that she would remain in Balfour ' s house during the night . Whilst she was talking familiarly with him in the room upstairs , the preparations for his death were actively going on below . On the previous evening Hepburn had brought the barrel containing the powder into the nether hall of the lodging occupied by Bothwell in Holyrood Abbey . Before evening on Sunday , Bothwell bad assembled all his

      accomplices in that same room , had concerted his plans with them , and had allotted to each the part he was to perform in the nocturnal tragedy . At about ten o ' clock in the evening tbe sacks of powder were carried across the gardens , by Wilson Powrie , andDalgleish , as far as the foot of Blackfriars Wynd , were they were received by Hay of Tallo , Hepburn , and Ormiston , and conveyed into Balfour ' s house by tbe assistance of Paris . As soon as the powder had been strewed in heaps oxer the floor of the room , } ust beneath the King ' s bed , Ormiston went away , but Hepburn and Hay of Tallo remained with their false keys in the Queen ' s bed-chamber , When aU was ready Paris went up into the King ' s room , aud the Queen then recollected that she had

      promised to be present at a masquerade , given in Holyrood Palace , in honour of the marriage of her servant Bastian with Margaret Harwood , one of her favourite women . She therefore took farwell of the King , left the house with her suite , including BothweU , and proceeded by torchlight to Holyrood . Darnley beheld her departure with grief and secret fear . The unhappy Prince , as though foreboding the mortal danger by which he was threatened , sought consolation in the Bible , and read the 55 th Psalm , which contained many passages adapted to his peculiar circumstances . After his devotion he went to bed , and fell asleep , Taylor , his young page , lying beside him in the same apartment

      Meantime , the old halls of Holyrood rang with gaiety and dancing . But the fatal hour had arrived ; and the murderers were prepared for their work : — Bothwell remained for some time at the ball , but stole away about midnight to join his confederates . He changed his rich costume of black velvet and satin , for a dress of common stuff ; and left his apartments , followed by Dalglekb , Paris , Wilaon , and Powrie . In the hope of attracting less attention , he went down the staircase which led from Holyrood into the Queen ' s garden , and directed bis course towards the southern gate . The two sentinels on guard seeing a party of men coming along this unusual path at so late an hour , challenged

      them : "Who goes there ?"— "Friends ! ' answered Powrie . — " Whose friends t" demanded one of the sentinels . — " Friends of Iiord Bothwell I " was the answer . —On this they were allowed to proceed , and going up to the Canongate , found that the Nether-bow gate , by which they intended to leave the city , was shut . Wilson immediately awoke John Galloway , the gate-keeper , calling on him to " open the port to friends of Lord Bothwell . " Galloway , in surprise , inquired what they were doing out of their beds at that time of night . They made no answer , but passed on . * * Continuing his route as far as Blackfriars Wynd , BothweU leit Powrie , Wilson , and Dalgleish at this point , and proceeded with Paris alone to Kirk of Field , where he waited for Hepburn and Hay of Tallo in Balfour ' s garden . It was at this moment , we have every reason to believe , that the two murderers concealed within the house perpetrated their crime . By the aid of their

      false keys they gained access into the Kings apartment . On hearing the noise , Darnley jumped out of bed in his shirt and pelisse and endeavoured to escape . But the assailants seized and strangled him . His page was put to death in the same manner ; and their bodies were carried into a small orchard near at hand , where they were found on the next morning , unscathed by fire or powder , the King covered by his shirt only , and the pelisse lying by his side . After the execution of this dark deed , Hepburn lighted the match which communicated with the gunpowder in the lower room , and tho house was blown up , in order completely to obliterate all traces of the murder . Bothwell , Hepburn , Hay of TaUo , and the other bandits went to a little distance to await the explosion , which occurred about a quarter of an hour afterwards , between two and three o ' clock in the morning , with a fearful noise .

      It is too true that Mary screened , then rewarded , aud afterwards married the murderer of her husband . It was impossible for her therefore not to become involved in suspicion : —yet , considering her contempt for Darnley , and the strength of her passion for Bothwell , all this is not incompatible with a belief in her innocence of deliberate complicity in the preparation of his murder . Her subjects , however rose ag ainst her and the murderer ; aud after a series of romantic adventures , losses , victories , and escapes , her flight across the border , taking refuge in England from the rage of her own countrymen , brings us down to the close of M . Mignet ' s first volume ,

      Tail's Edinburgh Magazine. September. Lo...

      Tail ' s Edinburgh Magazine . September . London : Simpkin , Marshall , and Co . ' CraisaUan Castle' comes to a satisfactory conclusion in the present number , which opens with a vigorous and plain spoken exposition of the worthlessness of the ' Parliamentary

      Tail's Edinburgh Magazine. September. Lo...

      Session of 1851 . ' 'A peep at a Coal-pit and the People in it , ' -is an exceedingly . well written and interesting paper , on a class of our population , whose occupation is of the utmost importance ' to the nation , while ¦ it entails peculiar privations , and , to a certain extent , isolation , from the rest of the world upon those engaged in it . Though their means of intellectual and moral improvement ; are but scanty , we are glad to learn that they are increasing , and that a decided change for the better is observable among the colliers of the present day , when contrasted withthe generation immediately preceding , them . Educational facilities are still , however , but . slenderly supplied ; while the sanitary and domestic arrangements of , a collier ' s village are generally far from being satisfactory ,

      « The Working Man ' s Way in the World continues an autobiograph y which carries tbe reader pleasantly along with the narrator . In the present number he is somewhat suddenly called from a scene of rural peace and quiet , where he is engaged in printing , for private circulation , the sermons of a kind old clergyman , to take part in the memorable Bristol JRiots previous to the passing o f the Reform Bill . The pleasant ' life led at the villa—the kindly and regular habits of its inmates—the fishery excursions , and the various other attractions be found in the doctor's quiet residence , seem to have made the writer somewhat

      harsh in his judgment as to the character and motives of those who took part in the excesses he chronicles . But he shows the same power of description as he did in his account of the barricades , which preluded the placing of Louis Philippe on the Throne of France in 1831 . According to his account , Colonel Brereton showed great want of courage and discretion ; and by his conduct , in effect , mainly produced . the lamentable destruction of life and property in the outbreak originally provoked by Sir Charles Wetherell ' s inopportune visit to Bristol . Here is part of the description , on the approach of the second and closing night of the riot : — .

      By this time night was fast approaching , and the state of affairs began to assume a rather terrific and alarming aspect . The volumes of red flame that arose on all sides in tbe damp and drizzly air served as beacon-fires to the disaffected in the neighbouring towns and villages , and through every avenue to the town hordes of desperate ruffians rushed to augment the gangs of plundering incendiaries , now mad with their unlocked for success . Half a dozen soldiers had been left to guard the Mansion-house , and . during the excesses of the afternoon , which drew off numbers to other places , this mere show ef military protection enabled the body of specials within to prevent farther injury to the edifice . But when darkness bad set in , and the

      mob , which all day had remained in the square in drunken riot and frolic , were increased by the re * turn of the immense gangs who had carried fire and ruin to all quarters of the city , it soon became too plain that the Mansion-house was doomed . The few soldiers present made no attempt to prevent the fire , but looked on complacently while a ruffian deliberately climbed a gas-lamp , lighted his candle , and , carrying it to the cellar , of which the mob had had possession for some hours , effectually fired the building . It was hardly seven o'clock when the reek from the cellars , and the black volumes of smoke ascending- heavily from the -lower floors , warned us to follow the example of the Recorder , and take care of ourselves . We escaped without

      much trouble over the roofs in the rear , and following the directions of a gentleman who , in expectation of the coming calamity , had been employed with a companion in cutting the pictures from their frames , and removing tbem to a place of safety , we made our way as fast as possible to an office in College-green , almost adjoining the Bishop ' s palace . Here were assembled the magistrates and the commanding officer , expecting an immediate attack upon the Palace , and consulting upon the means of meeting it . The attack came before any decided Elan could be formed . The Colonel met it as he ad met the former manifestations . of the goodbumoured mob , that is , with his avowed sanction and countenance . We were hastily desired to join

      a division of specials advancing from the Councilhouse . The Colonel drew up his soldiers in two lines in front of the entrance . Between' these we entered the building , which was already on fire , and swarming with ruffians occupied m plunder . We succeeded iu extinguishing the fire , and plied our heavy staves among the thieves in a manner that surprised a few of them , and strewed the floors with their cowardly carcases—scores of them falling without being touched . In less than half-an-hour the palace was on fire in every part , and an immense volume of clear flame , covered with a canopy of black smoke , greeted by a demon roar from twenty thousand rabble throats , announced the admirable humour of the Colonel ' s good friends and well-wishers .

      By tbe time we had returned to the square the Mansion-house was in a state of ruin ; the whole front had fallen in bodUy , and buried a number of the drunken wretches who had wrought its destruction , beneath the wreck . But the large amount of timber employed in its construction , the solid floorings , and the massive furniture with which it was stocked , supplied fuel to the flames for many hours ; and it burned fiercely till long after midnight , to the immense satisfaction of the mob , who cheered vigorously as the different masses fell successively to the ground . The whole sky was now in every direction a red and glowing arch , like the fiery vault of Pandemonium , resounding with the frantic yells of fiends in human shape . The rain , as it still

      drizzled down , fell literally in warm drops upon our faces , as we stood beneath the shelter of a halfleafless tree contemplating the disgusting freaks and orgies of the crowd . About ten o ' clock the Colonel arrived at the square with his detachment of automatons , who , wrapped up snugly in their warm cloaks , he paraded up and down among bis drunken , plundering proteges for some ten minutes , and then , to leave them unmolested in their further diversions , marched every trooper off the spot , and went home himself to supper and to bed , from which neither the sense of duty ( supposing him to have had any ) , nor all the messages and remonstrances of the magistrates , now driven to their wit ' s end , could induce him to stir till the morning .

      He and his red jackets had not been long off the ground when the mob , now in admirable humour , and increased by fresh arrivals , commenced a systematic course of destruction and plunder upon private property . Beginning at the east end of the north side of the square , they first plundered and gutted , and then fired successively , every house the dwelling of reformer or anti-reformer indiscriminately . Infirm old men , women , and half-naked children were driven forth from their houses to aeek a shelter from the accumulated horrors of the night at the hospitable hands of strangers . Furious bands of Irish savages burst in the doors and windows , and loading themselves with booty of every sort , piled it in heaps beneath the trees , or round

      the Statue in thecentreofthearea . Others , eager for drink , rushed to the cellars , and soon , mad with the fumes of wine , raged franticly through the rooms , burningand destroying , roaring and yelling , till the ascending flames themselves had kindled licked them into the glowing abyss beneath , where they perished miserably . The conflagration now exceeded all that had gone before . Many of tbe cellars were stocked with bonded spirits , and the fierce rush of the fiery columns that rose through the black shells of some of these houses when the fire had reached tho spirit-casks was truly terrific to witness . About midnight , the Custom-house was attacked , the officers , to the number of fifty , summarily turned out . and the building fired at once in

      twenty p laces . While the flames were raging , a band of insane miscreants sat down to gorge and guzzle in a lower room , and were buried alive or dead drunk in the midst of their org ies by the faliing-in of the roof . Some were seen expiring ID agony on the pavement , having leaped from the windows of the flaming houses ; one impaled himon the iron spikes of the railing in front , where he wriggled in torture to the infinite mirth of his fellow patriots . . Of the detestably brutal scenes enacted ro the area of the square during the transaction of these disgraceful atrocities it is hardly possible to give an adequate idea by description alone . Around the statue of King William 111 . immense quantities ot costly furniture , the plunder of the burning houses , were flung in disorderly heaps . But with a view to an hour ' s luxurious enjoyment , tables w ere spread and heaped with viands of all sorts , and

      wine and spirits in plentiful array . The hungry wretches despatched the provisions as fast as they were supplied , and loudly clamoured for mere . Fiends in feminine form , drunk with wine , ana naKea to tho waist—hideous bacchanals , whose gprgon ugliness , matured in the filth and squalor of Bristol s darkest dens and slums of slime and excrement , was in strict keeping with the seething hell of riot and rapine around—gave voluble and vociferous utterance to language which no pen can transcribe or tongue repeat , and urged and goaded their drunken culls and bullies to more remorseless deeds of ruin and ravage . Here a brawny miscreant , mounted on a table , put up the stolen goods to auction , and sold them too , knocking them down generally to the first bidder , and receiving and pock eting the money . If a bidding could not be ob tained , smash went the unsaleable article to the ground shivered

      Tail's Edinburgh Magazine. September. Lo...

      ¦ vS £ Mnto i- In tIds ay a large portion of the i l ™ I V * P ° sed of - and carried 6 ff % the vil ! L rL d l °£ hT ln , the course of * he niSbtf Fellows Knt ^ ' trunl £ S » boxes , or writing . %£ > A ^^ tbem Pen « w thoircontents Sf « nnioL p , at S » J ewelB » ° other , valuables . they ffk - - W ^ i 5 J res of B iro ° S Allows , deaa ^ S ^^ W ?* amo the spoil , shoring Wf ? and ooze of the trodden and soddefi ISmJS ^" ' ? a wwd the saturnalia of robbery | "S , «»* "P under the pretence of liberty and reform . ' The prime movers of all , these atro-Cities were a set of skulking conspirators , strangers to the town until within the last

      month-mob-K . fefi ? T J WI * a genius for propelling otners into mischief and withdrawing themselves i ^ 1 ^ 5- consequenceB . Their machinations were K & SfB a „ ' tabIe '? atlie ni & ht ^ t ^ 30 th . lhey acted upon a preconcerted system , by which SiK ^ d 1 ° d the g «» tesfc amount of damage REfSri- » i , 0 P A i ' *** they disappeared likemagic when the damage was done , and the 2 S S , , i i 7 . afc Ien « sheathed , leaving their deluded followers to brook the sum ! mary vengeance of the law . ' Of the real ringleaders of the Bristol riots not one ever faced a l ; .. , . to foremost and most active of their willing tools and agents were captured , and" numbers were imprisoned , transported , and banged-the heroic contrivers vanishing as they We , without beat of drum .

      The other articles are ' AHint to the Dumb , 'The Last Stage-Coachman , ' i-a paper full of humour , quaint aad racy—A . vindication of Harry Hotspur ' s 4 Popinjay , '—in which the fopis made a gentleman , and honest Harrysomething like a rough , uncultivated grazier or butcher—the 'Temple Laundress , '— a sketch b y one evidently acquainted with that peculiar species of the feminine gender . A Review of

      the new volume of the 'Life of Br . Chalmers , ' supplies some very agreeable gossip about celebrities , both metropolitan and provincial , and shows the great Presbyterian Preacher in a very agreeable light as a good humoured and livel y journalist and correspondent . The article entitled ' Italia Milltans' relates , on the authority of Dandalo and Mazzini , some of the more prominent events of the Lombafdian "War and the causes of

      its melancholy termination , notwithstanding the undoubted patriotism and bravery of many of those actively engaged in the struggle for Italian nationality and independence . Mr . Scratchley ' s work on * Assurance , ' which has been unanimously accepted as the text-book on that subject , forms the basis of a valuable and practical paper on ' Industrial Investment in Land and Houses . ' Altogether , this is a very excellent and varied number of this popular magazine .

      The Girlhood Of Shakespeare 1 A Heroines...

      The Girlhood of Shakespeare a Heroines . Tale 10 . Juliet , the White Dove of Verona . By Mary Cowben Clarke . W . H . Smith and Son . The circumstances which produced an estrangement between the parents of Juliet for many of the earl y years of her life , and their effects upon her character , are imagined with that fine sense of probability , and that delicate discriminatioa of the subtle influence of the

      minutest circumstances in the formation of character which we have already so frequently noted as the distinguishing characteristic of this admirable series of tales . We see , however , less of the heroine than her parents and their associates in this tale , though we are made to feel constantly the tendency of the events upon her mind . The course of the story , however , affords Mr ^ Clarke opportunities of depicting Italian life in the middle ages , of which she fully avails herself ; and the result is one of the best stories we have yet had from her pen .

      The Countess Of Rudolstat. B Y Geokoe Sa...

      The Countess of Rudolstat . B y Geokoe Sand . ( Parlour Library . ) London : Simms and M'lhtyre . Cohsuelo , of which the ' Countess of Rudolstat' is a continuation , has been pronounced b y all her critics the finest production of this impassioned and highly gifted writer . Probably , that is the reason why she has been induced to give a continuation of a work which has

      insured so wide and so lasting popularity . ' Continuations , ' however , are proverbially dangerous things in literature ; and though we fully appreciate the genius , the artistic tastes , and the practiced skill of Madame Dudevant , as well as the ardent love of libert y displayed in every , page of her new work , we cannot place it beside the record of the early life and development of the noble Zingora , she has has taken for her hero . Much of the ground over which the reader is taken resembles that

      which Scotts ' Anne of Geierstein' has rendered familiar to English readers . We are introduced to one of those formidable secret societies , which , in the olden times , were the retributive agents of humanity upon the tyrants who openly oppressed the masses . The nature of their organisation , the ceremonies which preceded admission into the brotherhood , and the great object for which it was formed , 'Liberty , Equality , and Fraternity , ' * are fully described . That triune watchword of the free can now be spoken openly , though yet far from being realised ; but that we are nearer to that end is to be

      ascribed to the labours and the sufferings oi those , who in more terrible and trying times , preserved the pure creed of Liberty , * and nourished a Holy Faith in the ultimate emancipation of our race from tyranny and priestcraft . Consuelo , after many trials—the object of which is to purify , enlighten , and strengthen her mind—finds the husband to whom she was united on his supposed death bed , restored to her , improved and more perfect and more loveable than before ; and the novel ends in happiness , not so much derived

      from external influences as the noble , trustful , aud loving natures , who have triumphed over both temptation and weakness , and come out from the ordeal purified and ennobled , Iu the early part of the book there are some graphic sketches of the great Ferdinand of Prussia , his Court , and his Castles for prisoners , thrown off with the characteristic ease , aud high finish of Madame Dudevant ' s pencil ; and though we prefer Consuelo as a whole , it must not be understood that we do not recommend the Countess of

      lludolstat . Contrasted with any other novel which has recently been published , its superiority is incontestible ; it is only when it is tried by the hi gh standard , set tip by the author of Consuelo , that we find any cause to hint a falling off .

      _ The Atiohskt And The Tax Collector.—A ...

      _ The Atiohskt and the Tax Collector . —A limb of the law in this town was lately waited upon at rather an early hour in the morning by a collector ef church rates . The lawyer made is appearance at the door minus several of his upper garments , but he very politely invited the collector to walk in and take a seat . He protested that a man who did not pay his taxes must be looked upon with great suspicion , apologised for being out so often when the tax collector called , and expressed a hope that no one had seen the taxman enter the house . The collector replied that he believed no one had seen him . This assurance appeared for the time to relieve the mind of the lawyer , who retired to an ad joining room . He soon reappeared with a fine razor and strop in his hands and continued for some seconds to sharpen the instrument . He seemed a little nervous , and after a few

      questions and answers had passed between him and the collector , the lawyer said , "Are you quite sure no one saw you come in V The collector , who began not to like the looks of the man of legal attainments , replied , " Oh , I ' m quite sure no one saw me come in . "— " Then , " said the lawyer , drawing the razor across the strop more savagely , '' I'll take good care no one sees you go out . " The collector hecame alarmed , and looked about for a way of retreat . — •« Stop till I get a bucket , " said tho attorney ; " I'll not have any dirt here , but I'll soon put you from going out . " As he spoke the lawyer retired , and began to shout to his servant to bring a bucket . The collector was in despair , and as soon as his supposed assailant turned his back , he rushed out at the door , and never again troubled the lawyer for church rates . — Liverpool Mercury .

      Airs . Browning ' s noble poem of " Casa Guidi Windows" has been translated into Italian by Mazzini .

      _ The Atiohskt And The Tax Collector.—A ...

      THE FRENCH PRESS . The newspaper , that political weathercock—that moral barometer—that . intellectual telegraph , of civilised ilife—varies , ! like its producers and consumers , in form and features , according to tho lo . cality in which- it flourishes . In Turkey it is an infant ; in Russia and Austria it is a slave ; in Italy it is a dwarf ; in Spain it is a muffled desperado ; in Northern Germany it is a pipe : laugh not , we beseech you i—a pipealways puffed at , always going out , and always being lighted anew . Again : in America it is a prize-fi g hter ; and in California it is—a first-rate speeulation . But in England it is a manufacturer , while In France everybody knows it is a soldier to tho backbone .

      Generally speaking , in England a newspaper is at bottom an investment of . capital ; in France it is more essentiall y a defensive and offensive enginea sort of intellectual catapult or balister for throwing hard words and pointed invectives at the leaders of the enemy . In England a paper abuses a man on principle , and strictly as a matter of business ; in France it is , passion that furnishes the powder , and hope of revenge the bullet to an editorial charge . Your Britain uses his artillery . systematically , and spares-his ammunition ; your Gaul loads to the muzz e of his gun , and cares little if he burst his barrel in the explosion . Your venal journalist in lingbind lsa ^ sturdy speculator-a man who knows how to make a book , * and " hedge" scientifically ; in France he is a reckless soldier of fonuue-o condoitiere , a brigand . In England it is the journal house of

      as a ousiness that succeeds ; in France it is the man , the leader of a party , who triumphs , in i & nglwwt the proprietor is rarely editor ; in France the editor is generally proprietor . In Ene-S ^ rllST ^ P rofe 33 , "P ™™* . in bailee hey pretend to form , public opinion . In England the . press wears a mask ; in France it displays a cockade . An English journal , utters the ideas of a ' class or a party ; a French journal proclaims the sentiments ofamanora cli que . The English press forces the ruling powers to pacific submission ; the French press consp ires their downfall and destruction . The Englishman warns , the Frenchman threatens . . Lastl y , in England the unsuccessful speculator becomes bankrupt ; in France the unlucky redacteur gets shot . The former is ruined by the capital , the latter killed by the bullet of his rival . -

      In other respects the contrasts between the two presses are equally striking . The English press is free , yet preserves almost invariably a certain tone of moderation and conventional politeness ; the French press groans under the most absolute bondage , being subject to fines guaranteed by the deposit of a large caution-money—for a daily paper a thousand pounds , which , if diminished by a fine , must be made up again before the reappearance of the journal—and to seizure by the police . It is under the most arbitrary regulations , as to sale . For example , no Liberal paper is allowed to be sold in the streets where , the monarchical prints are permitted to hawk their treason against the Republic unmolested . Such inconsistency under a Republican government appears almost incredible ;

      nevertheless there is not an inhabitant of Paris , of any party , who will not bear witness to the fact , let the Evenement , a Republican evening paper , has a larger sale than all the / oumatu ; desoir of the reaction put together . It has a splendid office on the Boulevards , nearly opposite the Chaussee d'Antin—a luxury in which none of its opponents indulge . Again La Presse , the great Republican morning paper , is beyond all comparison the most popular and widely-circulated journal in France . The indisputable success of these organs would lead a dispassionate observer to believe that Republicanism has a broader basis in Franco than English journals usually admit ; for , after all , why

      should the number of stamps consumed by the Presse and the Evenement so far exceed that used by any other morning and evening papers , unless there existed in various parts of the country a Republican class of readers to subscribe to them ? Again ; any one who will take the trouble to inquire on the Bourse at Paris , will find that shares in La Prern are at a considerable premium , while those of nearly every royalist and imperialist joined are at a fearful discount . These simple facts , which are stated quite independently of all political views , are worthy of remark , as they afford a cluetoestimatingthe present condition of our neighbours , not to be found in the passionate polemics of opposing factions ,

      Notwithstanding the restrictions above alluded to —to return to our point of contrast—the French press indulges in the most menacing and inflammatory attacks upon men , ministries , and parties ; and though in England the anonymous system prevails , while in France every article is now signed ( by law ) with the name of its writer , personalities in French journals runs much higher than in our own prints . Another curious difference : in France there is no duty on advertisements ; yet that vast engine of traffic is there in its infancy compared with its gigantic expansion in England , where so onerous a tax is levied upon every announcement of our wants and wiahesr ~ Bu £ indeed , what is trade in France compared with trade in Great Britain ? What idea have the monopolists and pedlarsjof that young Republic of the burning fever of competition which

      drives the golden current through the veins of British industry and enterpise I Franco is following rapidly in our footsteps . She is already the second commercial state in Europe , and far in advance of all others in wealth and prosperity . Let , however , the following statistics , taken from a recent work on political economy , or rather political comparative anatomy , convey some notion of the gulf which still separates the two countries in a financial and progressive point of view : — Great Britain , it is calculated , has an income of about £ 550 , 000 , 000 . Her taxes are about £ 50 , 000 , 000 or one-eleventh of her total revenue . France has an income of £ 320 , 000 , 000 only with a taxation of £ 70 , 000 , 000 , or more than one-fifth of her total revenue . That is to say , France produces rather more than one-half what Great Britain produces , and is taxed more than doubly in proportion to her means 1

      To return to the advertisement department of the press—a department so important with us , so insignificant in France . At a rough guess we should say that there are at least one hundred times as many advertisements annually printed and published in London as in Paris . From this conscientious gwa the reader may form some dim notion of the vast disparity between the two countries in that particular walk of literature . _ It is impossible to estimate the effect of the abolition of the naturally-detested advertisement-duty in this country , which would put us in that respect on a level with the French . Probably , if our hypothesis be at all near the mark , that the number of British advertisements is now as a hundred to one in France , the ratio would not then fall much below one thousand ! As a . sort of counterpoise to its political bondage , the stamp on a newspaper is only one half that

      imposed in England , and paper duties are unknown . Hence arises a further important distinction between the press of France and that of her island neighbour . There are several daily newspapers published in Paris , edited and contributed to by the most distinguished men of the day , the price of which is only two sous or one penny tho number . Three sous is the price of the more expensive journals . Their sale is of course proportional to their price , and their influence consequently much more extended than in England , where a daily paper is a luxury absolutely forbidden to the poorer and working classes . Hence the French , as a nation , are much further advanced in political knowledge , right or wrong , than the English ; and far more excited and impatient on the subject of reforms which the dominant class—that is to say , the bureaucracy—naturally delay and oppose by every means in their power .

      Now in France at least one adult in ten is either a soldier , a placeman , or a police spy . No wonder that tbe revolution sits en permanence in the brains of French philosophers , and the hearts of French poets and patriots , when a tenth of the population consume more than a fifth of the total revenue of a country in which the result of an equal division of property would give about sevenpence * a day to every citizen shareholders . Thus the want of abuses to attack or propose remedies for is not one of the misfortunes of a French journalist , and newspapers flourish accordingly . On the other hand , the great , unstamped press which in England does so much for the education and civilisation of the people , is entirely unknown in France , owing to the police restrictions thrown

      round everything connected with print and paper in that Republic of contradictions . The place of these amusing and instructive periodicals is feebly supplied by the / eufttcton of the daily papers ( weeklies are rare—they suit not the fervish progress of events in a revolutionary state . ) In these are published tales , literary and dramatic critisism , and articles of various kinds , by the belletristic writers of France . But as the novels of Alexander Dumas absorb the greater portion of the / euittaons of the beat circulated journals , they offer small field either for literary aspiration or for popular instruction . However , all classes in France are at preson ^ so busy seeking what they call a solution in politics , that they do not perhaps feel very keenly the want of lighter nutriment for their minds on the one hand , or more enduring literature on the other .

      The writers of French journals are simply all the men of note and talent in Franco , who rarely fail to defend with their pens in a newspaper the principles they have advocated with their lips in the House of Assembly . Even the very subs and pennya-liners , as we should call them in England , are mostly ambitious though penniless young adven « turers , whose future it is not often easy to prophesy . Thoir boldness of invention when a corner is to be filled up at all hazards by an ex-

      _ The Atiohskt And The Tax Collector.—A ...

      tempore canard , or "duck , " as it is termed , is truly admirable . . We were much amused by reading in a French evening paper the other day how , owing to some egg-shells being thrown down in the street , an unfor tunate cab-horse fell down , and hit fett sliding out in opposite directions , broke all . four legs m « t "P , * ' " knacker , " continues the duokani ™ / Wa 8 „ . » roanel y sent for , to put tho poor animal out of ns agony . " Whereupon follows a Si tSL ? v . on * . wi « k « d"e « s of throwing eggsheila into the street , whkh to more confidinl ret dersmust have proved hi ghly edifying andwmmendable . —Chambers ' * Journal . s *» ' « «"""

      * Proudhon Calculates Seventy-Fite Ccuti...

      * Proudhon calculates seventy-fite ccutimes-a fractiw beyond sevenpence per head per diem .

      Fc'anns'b

      fc'anns'B

      Con.—When Does A Man Look Like A Cannon-...

      Con . —When does a man look like a cannon-ball ? —When he . looks round . " So far , so good , " as the little boy said when he bad finished the first pot of bis mother ' s jam . The Shooting Season . —The Abetdien Journal says that a sportsman on Deeside opened his 12 th of August by bagging a sheep . French Money . —Francs and half-franc pieces are now frequently palmed upon the London trades * men as shillings and sixpences . The familiar parting expression , "Good bye !" means "God be with ye ! " "Adieu ! " signifies " To God , " or God protect you . " "Well , Robert , how much did your pig weigh ?" — "It didn ' t weigh so much as 1 expected , and I always thought it wouldn ' t . " An Untimelt End , —An ordinary domestic clock having unfortunately run down , it was observed that it had come to an untimely end \~ Funch .

      Extremes . —Some persons have so great an aversion to pretension or affectation , that they are apt to neglect polish , in their abhorrence of varnish . What is contentment ? To sit at home and see other people stuck in the mud . In other words , to be a little better off than your neighbours . Reason for a Dark House . — "Wfav don't you knock a hole in the wall and let the light in ? " we said to a poor Irishman . *• Faith , your honour , I am not fit to be seen in it , " was the reply . Vert Likelv . — " I wonder ( said a Scottish

      maiden ) what my brother John sees in the lasses , that he likes them sae well ; for my part I wad na gie the company o' ae lad for twenty lasses . " Bad Example . —A dandy , with a cigar in his mouth , entered a menagerie , when the proprietor requested him to take the weed from his mouth , lest he should learn the other monkeys bad habits . A Lazy Youth . —A lazy , over-fed lad , returning from dinner to his work one day , was asked by his master , " if he had no other motion than that /' " Yes , " replied the . youth , drawling out each letter , «• but it ' s slower . "

      Spare Moments . —Spare moments are the gold dust of time ; and Young was penning a true as well as a striking line , when he wrote , " Sands make mountains , and mountains make the year . " Like , and Not Like . —A Daguerreotppe-taker recently exhibited a likeness of a lady which he had taken to her husband , and asked him if it was not a very good one . "Very , " was the reply , " and I only wish my wife was like it—silent . " An economical friend seeing some egg powder advertised , " One packet warranted equal to six eggs , " bad the audacity to take three pacKets to Dr . Cantelo , and ask how long he should have to wait for the eighteen chickens 1—The Month . A Foul Calumny . —At the Preston County Court , last week , one of the witnesses was asked if the statement was true that he was a teetotaller . "No , " was the indignant reply , "it ' s a fo ul calumny J" What an instance of injured innocence ! *

      Of Two Eviw choosk the Least . —The Montrose Standard tells us of a drouthy constituent of Mr . Hume , afflicted with a sore leg , who was admonished by his medical attendant that he must renounce whisky or lose his limb . " Cut it aff , " was the prompt decision of tho patient : "Icannawantmy dram !" A Wit . —Finn , the witty comedian , was carving a goose at supper when John Everett , tbe ex-minis * ter ' s brother , called out from the other end of the table , " What sort of a fowl is that brother of yours Finn ?"— " It is almost as great a goose , " responded the wit , " as I Ever-et . ' " " Rathkp . Cutk . "—A chap from the country having visited the Great Exhibition , thought he would treat himself to a French repast at Soyer ' a Symposium . Upon the bill of fare being handed to him by the waiter , he remarked that he " didn't care 'bout reading now—he'd wait till after dinner 1 "

      TB 1 HQ 3 WU 1 CH MR . HOUBS 18 AT PBOTBCT LIBEHTr TO PICK . To pick all the undeserving lords aud ladies out of the pension list . To pick the locks of the prisons that confine Abdel-Kader , Kossuth , and the poor Hungarian exiles . To pick the padlocks that fetter political prisoners to felons and criminals at Naples . To pick a capital out of Europe that contains as many bad statues and monuments as London . Britawnia Ruling thb Waves at Cowes . — The result of the contest for the Royal Yacht Squadron Cup at the Cowes Regatta redounds much to our maritime glory ; for the America ran clean away from her British competitors . It would be better , however , if we possessed a yacht that would be likely

      to catch her if it ran after her . —Punch . When to Invite your Fbibmds . —A funny writer advises that when your friends are laid up with the rheumatism , always press them to come over and take tea with you . While such acts of kindness entail no expense , they procure for you a larger reputation for sympathy and neighbourly kindnegg . With proper discrimination , there is nothing that pays a better profit than " goodness of heart . " News . —The newer the country , the more hospitable the people are . Where houses are as far apart as countries , a stranger is as welcome asa newspaper , and is commonly used as one . The moment he arrives he is " put to press , " and what is more , kept there till all the news that has happened for the last six months is thoroughly squeezed out of him , and bottled up for future use .

      The Acts of the Apostles . —A Constantinople letter in a French journal states that a savant asserts that , from ancient Greek manuscripts , he has discovered an indication that _ the original of the " Acts of the Apostles " is buried in an island in the Sea of Marmora . His application to the Turkish . Government for leave to make researches after it is opposed by the Greek Patriarch from the fear that the discovery of this important document may lead to schisms in the Church . M . Cucsskn ' s New Knittin g Machinery . - * In the counties ef Nottingham , Leicester , and Derby , but principally in the former , there are above four thousand circular stocking frames at work . Some of tbe machines are so constructed that a girl fifteen or sixteen year . a of ageia suable , ! with ease to work four feeders at a time ; and the produce of her ordinary day ' s labour from such a frame is material sufficient for twenty dezen pairs of stockings .

      Sagacity of a Dog . —The New York Tribune notices a case of remarkable sagacity in a dog . A gentleman had two dogs , one a spaniel and the other a large half-bred deer hound . The spaniel was playing with the gentleman ' s little boy , when the lad accidentally fell into a large cistern . Tbe mother saw the accident from above , but before she had time to reach her boy , the little dog had run to the large one and induced him to go to the cistern and pull the child out . Aktificial Leather . —A steam engine of sis ou eight horse power is erected at Abington , Mass ., for grinding up the chips and shavings of leather which are cut off by the shoe and boot makers , and which have heretofore been burnt or thrown away . These are ground to a powder resembling coarse snuff , and this powder is then mixed with certain gums and other substances , so thoroughly that the whole

      mass becomes a kind of melted leather . In . 1 shorts time this dries a little , aud is rolled out to the de * sired thickness—perhaps one twenty-fourth of an inch . It is now quite solid , and is said to be entirely waterpoof . —The Builder . Finu Arms . —There has been much talk lately of the new Prussian invention for loading a musket at the breech , and the American revolver , with only one barrel , instead of six . It is said that there is nothing new in either , and that specimens of each , 200 years old , are exhibilod to the public in tha Austrian armoury , at Vienna . —In China the screwpropeller is said to have been known for ages 1 So is it with most of our cleverest and most modem inventions ; if there be anything of sterling merit in tbem , be sure that the Chinese , or some other longdecayed inheritors of antique enlightenment , know all about it .

      Four Poixts . —There were four good habits a wise aud « ood man earnestly recommended in his counsels , and by his own example , and which he considered essentially necessary for the happy management ot temporal concerns ; these are , punctuality , accuracy , steadiness , and dispatch . Without the first , time is wasted ; without the second , mistakes the most hurtful to our own credit and interest , and that o £ others , may be committed ; without the third , nothing can be done ; and without the fourth , opportunities of advantage are lost which it is impossible to recall .

      Sagacious Sparrow . —The other day , we noticed a sparrow perform an action indicative of great ingenuity , and of considerable reasoning powers . The bird was hopping about , apparently in search of water , when it observed a pipe g iving forth the desired element , not in abundance , but in drops , and that slowly . The sparrow perched itself upon a stone , near the end of the pipe , a : id watched uutpe drop was formed , when it sugaeiously flew up ana caught the precious globule just as >»«» »"«» point of falling . This it repeated a 1 " un . "f 1 '"! , ' until it had quenched its thirst , when it flew a * ay chirping . — Hhntiosc Review .

  • Citation
    • Northern Star (1837-1852), Sept. 20, 1851, page 3, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse.ac.uk/periodicals/ns/issues/ns2_20091851/page/3/